Keith Schacht & Zach Kaplan: Products (and toys) from the fu

34,379 views ใƒป 2008-11-04

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Roy Freifeld ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:12
Zach Kaplan: Keith and I lead a research team.
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ื–ืง ืงืคืœืŸ: ืงื™ื˜' ื•ืื ื™ ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ืฆื•ื•ืช ืžื—ืงืจ
00:14
We investigate materials and technologies
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ื•ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช
00:16
that have unexpected properties. Over the last three years,
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ื‘ืขืœื™ ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืœืชื™ ืฆืคื•ื™ื•ืช. ืœืื•ืจืš ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช
00:20
we found over 200 of these things, and so we looked
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ืžืฆืื ื• ืžืขืœ 200 ืžื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”, ืื– ื”ืกืชื›ืœื ื•
00:22
back into our library and selected six we thought would be most
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ืขืœ ื”ืกืคืจื™ื” ืฉืœื ื• ื•ื‘ื—ืจื ื• ืฉืฉื” ืฉื—ืฉื‘ื ื• ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ื”ื›ื™
00:26
surprising for TED.
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ืžืคืชื™ืขื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ TED.
00:29
Of these six, the first one that we're going to talk about
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ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืฉื™ืฉื” ื”ืืœื•, ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœื™ื•
00:32
is in the black envelope you're holding.
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ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืžืขื˜ืคื” ื”ืฉื—ื•ืจื” ืฉืืชื ืžื—ื–ื™ืงื™ื.
00:35
It comes from a company in Japan called GelTech. Now go ahead and open it up.
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ื”ื•ื ืžื’ื™ืข ืžื—ื‘ืจื” ื‘ื™ืคืŸ ื•ื ืงืจื ื’'ืœ-ื˜ืง. ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืงื“ื™ืžื”, ืคืชื—ื• ืืช ื–ื”.
00:44
Keith Schacht: Now be sure and take the two pieces apart.
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ืงื™ื˜' ืฉื—ืช: ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ืคืจื™ื“ื• ืืช ืฉื ื™ ื”ื—ืœืงื™ื ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืฉื ื™.
00:48
What's unexpected about this is that it's soft, but it's also a strong magnet.
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ืžื” ืฉืœื ืฆืคื•ื™ ื‘ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืฉื–ื” ืจืš, ืืš ื–ื” ื’ื ืžื’ื ื˜ ื—ื–ืง.
00:55
Zach and I have always been fascinated
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ื–ืง ื•ืื ื™ ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžืจื•ืชืงื™ื
00:58
observing unexpected things like this.
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ืžืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื ืฆืคื•ื™ื™ื ื›ืžื• ื–ื”.
01:00
We spent a long time thinking about why this is, and it's just recently that we realized:
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ื”ืฉืงืขื ื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ื–ืžืŸ ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืขืœ ืœืžื” ื–ื”, ื•ืจืง ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื”ื‘ื ื•:
01:04
it's when we see something unexpected,
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ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืžืฉื”ื• ื‘ืœืชื™ ืฆืคื•ื™,
01:06
it changes our understanding of the way things work.
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ื–ื” ืžืฉื ื” ืืช ื”ื”ื‘ื ื” ืฉืœื ื• ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืื™ืš ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื.
01:10
As you're seeing this gel magnet for the first time,
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ื›ืฉืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ืžื’ื ื˜ ื”ื’'ืœ ื”ื–ื” ื‘ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”,
01:12
if you assume that all magnets had to be hard,
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ืื ื”ื ื—ืชื ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืžื’ื ื˜ื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืงืฉื™ื—ื™ื,
01:15
then seeing this surprised you and it changed your understanding
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ืื– ื”ืกืชื›ืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื–ื” ื”ืคืชื™ืข ืืชื›ื ื•ืฉื™ื ืชื” ืืช ื”ื”ื‘ื ื” ืฉืœื›ื
01:18
of the way magnets could work.
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ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืฆื•ืจื” ื‘ื” ืžื’ื ื˜ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“.
01:21
ZK: Now, it's important to understand what the unexpected properties are.
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ื–ืง: ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื–ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื” ื”ืŸ ื”ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืœื ืฆืคื•ื™ื•ืช.
01:24
But to really think about the implications of what this makes possible,
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื‘ืืžืช ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื” ืฉื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœืืคืฉืจื™,
01:28
we found that it helps to think about how it could be applied in the world.
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ืžืฆืื ื• ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ืื™ืš ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื–ื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
01:32
So, a first idea is to use it on cabinet doors.
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ืื–, ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื–ื” ื‘ื“ืœืชื•ืช ืืจื•ื ื•ืช.
01:35
If you line the sides of the cabinets using the gel material --
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ืื ืืชื ืžื ื™ื—ื™ื ื‘ืฆื™ื“ื™ ื”ื“ืœืช ืคืก ืžื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ื”ืžืชื›ืชื™,
01:40
if a cabinet slams shut it wouldn't make a loud noise,
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ืื ื”ื“ืœืช ื ื˜ืจืงืช ื”ื™ื ืœื ืชืขืฉื” ืจืขืฉ ืจื,
01:42
and in addition the magnets would draw the cabinets closed.
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ื•ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ื”ืžื’ื ื˜ื™ื ื™ืžืฉื›ื• ืืช ื”ื“ืœืช ืœืกื’ื™ืจื”.
01:45
Imagine taking the same material, but putting it on the bottom of a sneaker.
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ื“ืžื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ืื•ืชื• ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ, ื•ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืื•ืชื• ืœืชื—ืชื™ืช ื ืขืœ ืกื ื™ืงืจืก.
01:50
You know, this way you could go to the container store and buy one of those
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ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ื›ื›ื” ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืœื›ืช ืœื—ื ื•ืช ื›ืœื™ ื‘ื™ืช ื•ืœืงื ื•ืช ืื—ื“
01:53
metal sheets that they hang on the back of your door, in your closet,
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ืžืคืกื™ ื”ืžืชื›ืช ืฉืชื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืื—ื•ืจื™ ื”ื“ืœืช ืฉืœ ืฉืœ ืืจื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื
01:56
and you could literally stick your shoes up instead of using a shelf.
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ื•ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืžืžืฉ ืœื”ื“ื‘ื™ืง ืืช ื”ื ืขืœ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžื“ืฃ.
02:00
For me, I really love this idea.
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ืขื‘ื•ืจื™, ืื ื™ ืžืžืฉ ืื•ื”ื‘ ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื”.
02:03
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
02:05
If you come to my apartment and see my closet,
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ืื ืชื‘ื•ืื• ืœื“ื™ืจื” ืฉืœื™ ื•ืชืจืื• ืืช ื”ืืจื•ืŸ,
02:07
I'm sure you'd figure out why: it's a mess.
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ืื ื™ ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืฉืชื‘ื™ื ื• ืœืžื”. ื–ื” ื‘ืœืื’ืŸ.
02:10
KS: Seeing the unexpected properties and then seeing a couple of
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ืง"ืฉ: ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืœื ืฆืคื•ื™ื•ืช, ื•ืœืจืื•ืช ื›ืžื”
02:12
applications -- it helps you see why this is significant, what the potential is.
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ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื•ืช, ืขื•ื–ืจ ืœื›ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืœืžื” ื–ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘, ืื• ืžื” ื”ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ.
02:16
But we've found that the way we present our ideas
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ืื‘ืœ ืžืฆืื ื• ืฉื”ื“ืจืš ืฉื‘ื” ืื ื• ืžืฆื™ื’ื™ื ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช,
02:19
it makes a big difference.
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ืขื•ืฉื” ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื’ื“ื•ืœ.
02:22
ZK: It was like six months ago that Keith and I were out in L.A.,
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ื–"ืง: ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืขืจืš ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื™ืฉื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืฉืงื™ื˜' ื•ืื ื™ ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ืœื•ืก ืื ื’'ืœืก,
02:25
and we were at Starbucks having coffee with Roman Coppola.
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ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ืกื˜ืืจื‘ืงืก, ืฉื•ืชื™ื ืงืคื” ืขื ืจื•ืžืŸ ืงื•ืคื•ืœื”.
02:28
He works on mostly music videos and commercials
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ื”ื•ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืขืœ ืงืœื™ืคื™ ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื” ื•ืคืจืกื•ืžื•ืช,
02:31
with his company, The Directors Bureau.
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ืขื ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉืœื•, "ืœื™ืฉื›ืช ื”ื‘ืžืื™ื".
02:33
As we were talking, Roman told us that he's kind of an inventor on the side.
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ืื‘ืœ ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ืจื•ืžืŸ ืกื™ืคืจ ืœื ื• ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื™ืŸ ืžืžืฆื™ื ืžื”ืฆื“.
02:37
And we were showing him the same
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ื•ื”ืจืื ื• ืœื• ืืช ืื•ืชื•
02:38
gel magnet that you're holding in your hand -- and you know,
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ืžื’ื ื˜ ื’'ืœ ืฉืืชื ืžื—ื–ื™ืงื™ื ื‘ื™ื“ ื•ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื,
02:40
we shared the same ideas. And you could see it in his face:
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ื—ืœืงื ื• ืืช ืื•ืชื ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช. ื•ืจืื™ื ื• ืืช ื–ื” ืขืœ ืคื ื™ื•.
02:43
Roman starts to get really excited and he whips out this manila folder;
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ืจื•ืžืŸ ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืžืžืฉ ืœื”ืชืจื’ืฉ, ื•ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ืœืฃ ืืช ื”ื“ืคื“ืคืช ืฉืœื•.
02:48
he opens it up and Keith and I look in,
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ื”ื•ื ืคื•ืชื— ืื•ืชื” ื•ืงื™ื˜' ื•ืื ื™ ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืคื ื™ืžื”,
02:51
and he starts showing us concepts that he's been working on.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœื ื• ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืขืœื™ื”ื.
02:53
These things just get him really excited. And so we're looking
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžืžืฉ ืžืจื’ืฉื™ื ืื•ืชื•. ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื
02:56
at these concepts, and we were just like, whoa, this guy's good.
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ืขืœ ื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช, ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื›ื–ื”, ื•ื•ืื•, ื”ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื˜ื•ื‘.
03:03
Because the way that he presented the concept -- his approach
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ, ืฉื”ื“ืจืš ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื•ื ืžืฆื™ื’ ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ, ื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ืฉืœื•
03:07
was totally different than ours. He sold it to you as if it was for sale right now.
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืฉื•ื ื” ืžืฉืœื ื•. ื”ื•ื ืžื›ืจ ืœืš ืืช ื–ื” ื›ืื™ืœื• ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืœืžื›ื™ืจื” ื›ื‘ืจ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•.
03:13
When we were going in the car back to the airport,
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ื›ืฉื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ืจื›ื‘ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืฉื“ื” ื”ืชืขื•ืคื”,
03:16
we were thinking: why was this so powerful?
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ื—ืฉื‘ื ื• ืœืขืฆืžื ื•, ืœืžื” ื”ื™ื” ืœื–ื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ื›ื•ื—?
03:20
And as we thought about it more, we realized that
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ื•ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื—ืฉื‘ื ื• ืขืœ ื–ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื‘ื ื•,
03:21
it let you fill in all the details about the experience,
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ื–ื” ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœืš ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื”,
03:25
just as if you saw it on TV. So, for TED we decided to take our favorite
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ืžืžืฉ ื›ืื™ืœื• ืจืื™ืช ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ื˜ืœื•ื™ื–ื™ื”. ืื–, ืขื‘ื•ืจ TED ื”ื—ืœื˜ื ื• ืœืงื—ืช ืืช
03:29
idea for the gel magnet and work with Roman and his team
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ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื•ืขื“ืฃ ืขืœื™ื ื• ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื’ื ื˜ ื”ื’'ืœ ื•ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืขื ืจื•ืžืŸ ื•ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืœื•
03:32
at the Directors Bureau to create a commercial for a product
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ื‘"ืœื™ืฉื›ืช ื”ื‘ืžืื™ื" ื•ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืคืจืกื•ืžืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ
03:36
from the future.
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ืžืŸ ื”ืขืชื™ื“.
03:38
Narrator: Do you have a need for speed?
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(ื•ื™ื“ืื•): ื™ืฉ ืœืš ืฆื•ืจืš ืœืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช?
03:41
Inventables Water Adventures dares you to launch yourself
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"ื”ืจืคืชืงืื•ืช ืžื™ื ืžื•ืžืฆืื•ืช" ืžืืชื’ืจื™ื ืื•ืชืš ืœืฉื’ืจ ืืช ืขืฆืžืš
03:47
on a magnetically-levitating board down a waterslide
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ืขืœ ืงืจืฉ ื”ืžืจื—ืฃ ืžื’ื ื˜ื™ืช ื‘ืžื•ืจื“ ืžื’ืœืฉืช ืžื™ื
03:51
so fast, so tall, that when you hit the bottom, it uses brakes to stop.
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ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžื”ืจ, ื•ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื’ื‘ื•ื”, ืฉื›ืฉืืชื” ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืœืžื˜ื”, ื”ื•ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื‘ืœืžื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื•ืจ.
04:02
Aqua Rocket: coming this summer.
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"ื˜ื™ืœ ื”ืžื™ื". ืžื’ื™ืข ื‘ืงื™ืฅ ื”ืงืจื•ื‘.
04:09
KS: Now, we showed the concept to a few people before this,
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ืง"ืฉ: ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื”ืจืื ื• ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืœื›ืžื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืŸ,
04:12
and they asked us, when's it coming out?
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ื•ื”ื ืฉืืœื• ืื•ืชื ื•, ืžืชื™ ื–ื” ื™ื•ืฆื?
04:14
So I just wanted to let you know, it's not actually coming out,
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ืื– ืจืง ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ืœื›ื, ื–ื” ืœื ื‘ืืžืช ื™ื•ืฆื,
04:16
just the concept is.
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ืจืง ื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช.
04:18
ZK: So now, when we dream up these concepts, it's important for us
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ื–"ืง: ืื–, ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืžืฆื™ืื™ื ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืืœื”, ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื ื•
04:21
to make sure that they work from a technical standpoint.
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ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉื”ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืžื ืงื•ื“ืช ืžื‘ื˜ ื˜ื›ื ื™ืช.
04:24
So I just want to quickly explain how this would work.
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ืื– ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ื‘ืงืฆืจื” ืื™ืš ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืขื•ื‘ื“.
04:26
This is the magnetically-levitating board that they mentioned in the commercial.
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ื–ื” ื”ืงืจืฉ ื”ืžืจื—ืฃ ืžื’ื ื˜ื™ืช ืฉื”ื•ื–ื›ืจ ื‘ืคื™ืจืกื•ืžืช.
04:30
The gel that you're holding would be lining the bottom of the board.
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ื”ื’'ืœ ืฉืืชื ืžื—ื–ื™ืงื™ื ื™ื›ืกื” ืืช ืชื—ืชื™ืช ื”ืงืจืฉ.
04:33
Now this is important for two reasons.
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ื–ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืฉืชื™ ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช.
04:35
One: the soft properties of the magnet that make it so that, if it were
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ืื—ืช, ื”ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืจื›ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื’ื ื˜ ื’ื•ืจืžื•ืช ืœื›ืš ืฉืื
04:37
to hit the rider in the head, it wouldn't injure him.
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ื–ื” ื™ืคื’ืข ืœืจื•ื›ื‘ ื‘ืจืืฉ, ื–ื” ืœื ื™ืคืฆืข ืื•ืชื•.
04:39
In addition, you can see from the diagram on the right,
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ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืžื”ื“ื™ืื’ืจืžื” ืžื™ืžื™ืŸ,
04:41
the underpart of the slide would be an electromagnet.
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ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืชื—ืชื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื’ืœืฉื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืืœืงื˜ืจื•-ืžื’ื ื˜.
04:44
So this would actually repel the rider a little bit as you're going down.
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ื›ืš ืฉื–ื” ื‘ืขืฆื ื™ื“ื—ื” ืืช ื”ืจื•ื›ื‘ ืงืฆืช ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืœืžื˜ื”.
04:47
The force of the water rushing down, in addition to that repulsion force,
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ื”ื›ื•ื— ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ื ื”ื–ื•ืจืžื™ื ืžื˜ื”, ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื›ื•ื— ื”ื“ื—ื™ื™ื”,
04:50
would make this slide go faster than any slide on the market.
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ื™ืืคืฉืจ ืœืžื’ืœืฉื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื”ื™ืจื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืœ ืžื’ืœืฉื” ื‘ืฉื•ืง.
04:53
It's because of this that you need the magnetic braking system.
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื‘ืœืžื™ื.
04:55
When you get to the very bottom of the slide --
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ื›ืฉืชื’ื™ืขื• ืœืชื—ืชื™ืช ื”ืžื’ืœืฉื” --
04:57
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
04:59
-- the rider passes through an aluminum tube.
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-- ื”ืจื•ื›ื‘ ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื“ืจืš ืฆื™ื ื•ืจ ืืœื•ืžื™ื ื™ื•ื.
05:01
And I'm going to kick it to Keith to explain why that's important
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ื•ืื ื™ ืขื•ืžื“ ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื–ื” ืœืงื™ื˜' ืฉื™ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœืžื” ื–ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘
05:03
from a technical standpoint.
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ืžื ืงื•ื“ืช ืžื‘ื˜ ื˜ื›ื ื™ืช.
05:04
KS: So I'm sure all you engineers know that even though aluminum is
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ืง"ืฉ: ืื– ืื ื™ ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืฉื›ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ื›ื•ืœื›ื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืืœื•ืžื™ื ื™ื•ื ื”ื™ื
05:07
a metal, it's not a magnetic material. But something unexpected
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ืžืชื›ืช, ื”ื™ื ืœื ื—ื•ืžืจ ืžื’ื ื˜ื™. ืื‘ืœ ืžืฉื”ื• ื‘ืœืชื™ ืฆืคื•ื™
05:11
happens when you drop a magnet down an aluminum tube.
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ืงื•ืจื” ื›ืืฉืจ ืžืคื™ืœื™ื ืžื’ื ื˜ ื‘ืชื•ืš ืฆื™ื ื•ืจ ืืœื•ืžื™ื ื™ื•ื.
05:13
So we set up a quick experiment here to show that to you.
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ืื– ื”ื›ื ื• ื ื™ืกื•ื™ ืงืฆืจ ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœื›ื ืืช ื–ื”.
05:24
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
05:34
Now, you see the magnet fell really slowly.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืฉื”ืžื’ื ื˜ ื ืคืœ ืžืžืฉ ืœืื˜.
05:37
Now, I'm not going to get into the physics of it,
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ืื ื™ ืœื ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืคื™ืกื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ื–ื”,
05:39
but all you need to know is that the faster the magnet's falling,
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืืชื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื“ืขืช ื”ื•ื, ืฉื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ืžื’ื ื˜ ื ื•ืคืœ ืžื”ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ,
05:42
the greater the stopping force.
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ื›ืš ื’ื“ืœ ื”ื›ื•ื— ื”ื‘ื•ืœื.
05:43
ZK: Now, our next technology is actually a 10-foot pole,
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ื–"ืง: ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ื‘ืื” ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื™ื ื‘ืขืฆื ืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืื•ืจืš 3 ืžื˜ืจื™ื,
05:46
and I have it right here in my pocket.
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืื•ืชื• ืžืžืฉ ื›ืืŸ ื‘ื›ื™ืก.
05:48
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
05:52
There're a few different versions of it.
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ื™ืฉ ื›ืžื” ื’ื™ืจืกืื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื–ื”.
05:54
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
05:59
KS: Some of them automatically unroll like this one.
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ื›ืžื” ืžื”ื ื ืคืชื—ื™ื ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ืช ื›ืžื• ื–ื”.
06:01
They can be made to automatically roll up, or they can be made
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ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืื•ืชื ื›ืš ืฉื™ืคืชื—ื• ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ืช, ืื• ื›ืš ืฉื”ื
06:04
stable, like Zach's, to hold any position in between.
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ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื™ื, ื›ืžื• ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื–ืง, ืฉื™ืขืžื“ื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืฆื‘ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื.
06:11
ZK: As we were talking to the vendor -- to try to learn about
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ื–"ืง: ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื›ืฉื“ื™ื‘ืจื ื• ืขื ืื ืฉื™ ื”ืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืขืœ
06:14
how you could apply these, or how they're being applied currently --
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ืื™ืš ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืืœื” ืื• ืื™ืš ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื”ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื•,
06:17
he was telling us that, in the military they use this one
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ื”ื•ื ืกื™ืคืจ ืœื ื• ืขืœ ืื™ืš ื‘ืฆื‘ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื–ื”
06:21
so soldiers can keep it on their chests -- very concealed --
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ื›ืš ืฉื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ื—ื–ื” ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื—ื‘ื•ื™ื”,
06:23
and then, when they're out on the field, erect it as an antenna
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ื•ืื– ื›ืฉื”ื ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ื‘ืฉื˜ื—, ืœืคืชื•ื— ืืช ื–ื” ืœืื ื˜ื ื”
06:26
to clearly send signals back to the base.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืœื•ื— ื”ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื—ื–ืจื” ืœื‘ืกื™ืก.
06:29
In our brainstorms, we came up with the idea you could use it for a soccer goal:
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ื‘ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœื ื•, ื”ืžืฆืื ื• ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื–ื” ื›ืฉืขืจ ืœื›ื“ื•ืจื’ืœ,
06:33
so at the end of the game, you just roll up the goal and put it in your gym bag.
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ื›ืš ืฉื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืžืฉื—ืง, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื’ืœื’ืœ ืืช ื”ืฉืขืจ ื•ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืื•ืชื• ืœืชื™ืง.
06:36
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
06:38
KS: Now, the interesting thing about this is,
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ืง"ืฉ: ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื,
06:40
you don't have to be an engineer to appreciate why
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ืฉืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื”ื ื“ืก ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืขืจื™ืš ืœืžื”
06:42
a 10-foot pole that can fit in your pocket is so interesting.
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ืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืื•ืจืš 3 ืžื˜ืจื™ื ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœื›ื™ืก ื”ื•ื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ.
06:45
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
06:48
So we decided to go out onto the streets of Chicago
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ืื– ื”ื—ืœื˜ื ื• ืœืฆืืช ืœืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื™ืงื’ื•
06:50
and ask a few people on the streets what they thought you could do with this.
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ื•ืœืฉืื•ืœ ื›ืžื” ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ ืžื” ื”ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืขืœ ื–ื”.
06:53
Man: I clean my ceiling fans with that and I get the spider webs
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(ื•ื™ื“ืื•): ืื ื™ ืžื ืงื” ืืช ืžืื•ื•ืจืจื™ ื”ืชื™ืงืฉื” ืฉืœื™ ืขื ื–ื” ื•ืื ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื“ ืืช ืงื•ืจื™ ื”ืขื›ื‘ื™ืฉ
06:56
off my house -- I do it that way.
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ืžื”ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœื™, ืื ื™ ืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ื–ื” ื›ืš.
06:58
Woman: I'd make my very own walking stick.
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืขื•ืฉื” ืžืงืœ ื”ืœื™ื›ื” ืžืฉืœื™.
07:00
Woman: I would create a ladder to use to get up on top of the tree.
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžื™ืฆืจืช ืกื•ืœื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืฆืžืจืช ื”ืขืฅ.
07:04
Woman: An olive server.
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ืžื’ื™ืฉ ื–ื™ืชื™ื.
07:06
Man: Some type of extension pole -- like what the painters use.
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ืื™ื–ื” ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืžื•ื˜ ืžืืจื™ืš, ื›ืžื• ืžื” ืฉื”ืฆื‘ืขื™ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื.
07:10
Woman: I would make a spear that, when you went deep sea diving,
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ืื ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžื™ื™ืฆืจืช ื—ื ื™ืช ืฉื‘ืฆืœื™ืœื•ืช ืขืžื•ืงื•ืช ื‘ื™ื,
07:13
you could catch the fish really fast, and then roll it back up,
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœืชืคื•ืก ืืช ื”ื“ื’ ืžืžืฉ ืžื”ืจ ื•ืื– ืœื’ืœื’ืœ ืืช ื–ื” ื—ื–ืจื”
07:17
and you could swim easier ... Yeah.
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ื•ื™ื”ื™ื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœืฉื—ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืงืœื•ืช, ื›ืŸ.
07:21
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
07:24
ZK: Now, for our next technology we're going to do a little demonstration,
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ื–"ืง: ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ื‘ืื” ืฉืœื ื• ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ื“ื’ืžื” ืงื˜ื ื”,
07:27
and so we need a volunteer from the audience.
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ื›ืš ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืžืชื ื“ื‘ ืžื”ืงื”ืœ.
07:30
You sir, come on up.
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ืืชื” ืื“ื•ื ื™, ื‘ื•ื ืืœ ื”ื‘ืžื”.
07:31
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
07:35
Come on up. Tell everybody your name.
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ื‘ื•ื ืœืžืขืœื”. ืกืคืจ ืœื›ื•ืœื ืžื” ืฉืžืš.
07:37
Steve Jurvetson: Steve.
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ืกื˜ื™ื‘ ื’'ื•ืจื‘ืกื˜ื•ืŸ. ืกื˜ื™ื‘.
07:38
ZK: It's Steve. All right Steve, now, follow me.
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ื–"ืง: ืื– ืกื˜ื™ื‘. ื‘ืกื“ืจ ืกื˜ื™ื‘, ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื‘ื•ื ืื—ืจื™ื™.
07:42
We need you to stand right in front of the TED sign.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืฉืชืขืžื•ื“ ืžืžืฉ ืžื•ืœ ื”ืฉืœื˜ TED.
07:44
Right there. That's great.
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ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืฉื. ื–ื” ืžืขื•ืœื”.
07:46
And hold onto this. Good luck to you.
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ื•ืชื—ื–ื™ืง ืืช ื–ื”. ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื”ืฆืœื—ื”.
07:48
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
07:51
KS: No, not yet.
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ืง"ืฉ: ืœื, ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื.
07:52
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
07:58
ZK: I'd just like to let you all know that this presentation
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ื–"ืง: ืื ื™ ืจืง ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉืชื“ืขื• ืฉื”ืคืจื–ื ื˜ืฆื™ื” ื”ื–ื•
08:00
has been brought to you by Target.
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ื”ื•ื‘ืื” ืืœื™ื›ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ "ื˜ืจื’ื˜".
08:01
KS: Little bit -- that's perfect, just perfect.
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ืง"ืฉ: ืงืฆืช -- ืžื•ืฉืœื, ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžื•ืฉืœื.
08:05
Now, Zach, we're going to demonstrate
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื–ืง, ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœื”ื“ื’ื™ื
08:08
a water gun fight from the future.
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ืžืœื—ืžืช ืืงื“ื—ื™ ืžื™ื ืžื”ืขืชื™ื“.
08:10
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
08:16
So here, come on up to the front. All right, so
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ืื– ื”ื ื”, ื‘ื•ื ืงื“ื™ืžื”. ื‘ืกื“ืจ, ืื–
08:19
now if you'll see here -- no, no, it's OK.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื ืชืกืชื›ืœื• ื›ืืŸ -- ืœื, ืœื, ื–ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจ.
08:23
So, describe to the audience the temperature of your shirt. Go ahead.
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ืื–, ืชืืจ ืœืงื”ืœ ืืช ื”ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ืœืฆื” ืฉืœืš. ืงื“ื™ืžื”.
08:28
SJ: It's cold.
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ืก"ื’': ื–ื” ืงืจ.
08:30
KS: Now the reason it's cold is that's it's not actually water loaded
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ืง"ืฉ: ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉื–ื” ืงืจ ื”ื™ื ืฉื–ื” ืœื ื‘ืืžืช ืžืœื ืžื™ื
08:32
into these squirt guns -- it's a dry liquid developed by 3M.
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ืฉืžืžืœืื™ื ืืช ืืงื“ื—ื™ ื”ืžื™ื. ื–ื” ื ื•ื–ืœ ื™ื‘ืฉ ืฉืคื•ืชื— ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ 3M.
08:36
It's perfectly clear, it's odorless, it's colorless.
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ื–ื” ืฆืœื•ืœ ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ, ื—ืกืจ ืจื™ื—, ื—ืกืจ ืฆื‘ืข.
08:41
It's so safe you could drink this stuff.
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ื–ื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืฉืชื•ืช ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื–ื”.
08:43
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
08:45
And the reason it feels cold is because it evaporates
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ื•ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉื–ื” ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ืงืจ ื”ื™ื ืฉื–ื” ืžืชืื“ื”
08:48
25 times faster than water.
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ืคื™ 25 ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืจ ืžืžื™ื.
08:50
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
08:53
All right, well thanks for coming up.
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ, ืชื•ื“ื” ืฉืขืœื™ืช ืœื‘ืžื”.
08:55
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
08:56
ZK: Wait, wait, Steven -- before you go we filled this with the dry liquid
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ื–"ืง: ื—ื›ื”, ื—ื›ื”, ืกื˜ื™ื‘ -- ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืืชื” ื”ื•ืœืš ืžื™ืœืื ื• ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ื ื•ื–ืœ ื”ื™ื‘ืฉ
09:00
so during the break you can shoot your friends.
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ื›ืš ืฉื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื”ืคืกืงื” ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœืš.
09:01
SJ: Excellent, thank you.
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ืก"ื’': ืžืขื•ืœื. ืชื•ื“ื” ืœืš.
09:02
KS: Thanks for coming up. Let's give him a big round of applause.
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ืง"ืฉ: ืชื•ื“ื” ืœืš ืฉืขืœื™ืช. ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื•ื“ื” ืœื• ื‘ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื.
09:04
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
09:07
So what's the significance of this dry liquid?
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ืื– ืžื” ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื ื•ื–ืœ ื”ื™ื‘ืฉ ื”ื–ื”?
09:11
Early versions of the fluid were actually used on a Cray Supercomputer.
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ื‘ื’ื™ืจืกืื•ืช ืžื•ืงื“ืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื ื•ื–ืœ ื”ื–ื” ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ ื”ืขืœ ืงืจื™ื™.
09:15
Now, the unexpected thing about this
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ืฆืคื•ื™ ื‘ื–ื”
09:18
is that Zach could stand up on stage and drench
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ื”ื•ื ืฉื–ืง ื™ื›ืœ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืžื” ื•ืœื”ืกืคื™ื’
09:20
a perfectly innocent member of the audience without any concern
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ืื“ื ืชืžื™ื ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืžื”ืงื”ืœ ื‘ืœื™ ืœื“ืื•ื’
09:23
that we'd damage the electronics, that we'd get him wet,
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ืฉื ืคื’ืข ื‘ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™ืงื”, ืฉื ืจื˜ื™ื‘ ืื•ืชื•,
09:26
that we'd hurt the books or the computers. It works because it's non-conductive.
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ืฉื ืคื’ืข ื‘ืกืคืจื™ื ืื• ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื. ื–ื” ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื–ื” ืœื ืžื•ืœื™ืš.
09:30
So you can see here, you can immerse a whole circuit board
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ืื– ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ื›ืืŸ, ืืคืฉืจ ืœื˜ื‘ื•ืœ ืžืขื’ืœ ื—ืฉืžืœื™ ืฉืœื
09:32
in this and it wouldn't cause any damage.
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ื‘ื–ื” ื•ื–ื” ืœื ื™ื’ืจื•ื ืฉื•ื ื ื–ืง.
09:34
You can circulate it to draw the heat away.
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ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืกื™ืจืงื•ืœืฆื™ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกืœืง ืืช ื”ื—ื•ื.
09:36
But today it's most widely used in office buildings --
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื•ื ื–ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื ื™ืจื—ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื --
09:38
in the sprinkler system -- as a fire-suppression fluid.
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ื‘ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืชื–ืช ื”ืžื™ื ื›ื ื•ื–ืœ ืœื“ื™ื›ื•ื™ ืืฉ.
09:41
Again, it's perfectly safe for people. It puts out the fires, doesn't hurt anything.
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ืฉื•ื‘, ื–ื” ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืื ืฉื™ื. ื–ื” ืžื›ื‘ื” ืฉืจื™ืคื•ืช, ืœื ืžื–ื™ืง ืœืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ.
09:45
But our favorite idea for this
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื–ื”
09:46
was using it in a basketball game. So during halftime,
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ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื–ื” ื‘ืžืฉื—ืง ื›ื“ื•ืจืกืœ. ื›ืš ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืžื—ืฆื™ืช,
09:49
it could rain down on the players, cool everyone down,
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ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืจื“ืช ื›ืžื• ื’ืฉื ืขืœ ื”ืฉื—ืงื ื™ื, ืœืฆื ืŸ ืืช ื›ื•ืœื,
09:51
and in a matter of minutes it would dry. Wouldn't hurt the court.
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ื•ื‘ืชื•ืš ื“ืงื•ืช ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ื™ื‘ืฉ. ืœื ื™ืคื’ืข ื‘ืžื’ืจืฉ.
09:55
ZK: Our next technology comes to us from a company in Japan
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ื–"ืง: ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ื‘ืื” ืฉืœื ื• ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืžื—ื‘ืจื” ื‘ื™ืคืŸ
09:57
called Sekisui Chemical. One of their R&D engineers
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ืฉื ืงืจืืช ืกืงื™ืกื•ื™ ื›ื™ืžื™ืงืœื™ื. ืื—ื“ ืžืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ื•ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืฉืœื”ื
10:00
was working on a way to make plastic stiffer.
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ืขื‘ื“ ืขืœ ื“ืจืš ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืคืœืกื˜ื™ืง ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืงืฉื™ื—.
10:03
While he was doing this, he noticed an unexpected thing.
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ืขืฉื” ืืช ื–ื”, ื”ื•ื ืฉื ืœื‘ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืœืชื™ ืฆืคื•ื™.
10:06
We have a video to show you.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœื›ื.
10:33
KS: So you see there, it didn't bounce back. Now, this was
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ืง"ืฉ: ืื– ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืฉื, ื–ื” ืœื ืงืคืฅ ื—ื–ืจื”, ื•ื–ื• ื”ื™ืชื”
10:35
an unintended side effect of some experiments they were doing.
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ืชื•ืคืขืช ืœื•ื•ืื™ ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžื›ื•ื•ื ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืžื” ื ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื ืฉื”ื ื‘ื™ืฆืขื•.
10:38
It's technically called, "shape-retaining property."
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ื˜ื›ื ื™ืช ื–ื” ื ืงืจื, "ืชื›ื•ื ื” ืฉื•ืžืจืช ืฆื•ืจื”."
10:41
Now, think about your interactions with aluminum foil.
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ืชื—ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื” ืฉืœื›ื ืขื ื ื™ื™ืจ ืืœื•ืžื™ื ื™ื•ื.
10:44
Shape-retaining is common in metal: you bend a piece of aluminum foil,
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ืฉืžื™ืจืช ืฆื•ืจื” ื ืคื•ืฆื” ื‘ืžืชื›ื•ืช. ืืชื ืžื›ื•ืคืคื™ื ื—ืชื™ื›ืช ื ื™ื™ืจ ืืœื•ืžื™ื ื™ื•ื,
10:47
and it holds its place. Contrast that with
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื ืฉืืจ ื‘ืžืงื•ื. ื•ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœื›ืš,
10:50
a plastic garbage can -- and you can push in the sides
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ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื, ืคื— ื–ื‘ืœ ืžืคืœืกื˜ื™ืง, ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืœืœื—ื•ืฅ ืืช ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ืคื ื™ืžื”
10:52
and it always bounces back.
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ื•ื–ื” ืชืžื™ื“ ืงื•ืคืฅ ื—ื–ืจื”.
10:55
ZK: For example, you could make a watch that wraps around your wrist,
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ื–"ืง: ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืฉืขื•ืŸ ืฉื ื™ืฆืžื“ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ื™ื“
10:58
but doesn't use a buckle.
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืื‘ื–ื.
11:01
Taking it a little further, if you wove
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ื ื™ืงื— ืืช ื–ื” ืงืฆืช ืงื“ื™ืžื”, ืื ื ืืจื•ื’
11:03
those strips together -- kind of like a little basket -- you could make
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ืืช ื”ืคืกื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื™ื—ื“, ืงืฆืช ื›ืžื• ืกืœ ืงื˜ืŸ, ืืคืฉืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช
11:06
a shape-retaining sheet, and then you could embed it in a cloth:
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ื™ืจื™ืขื” ืฉืฉื•ืžืจืช ืขืœ ืฆื•ืจืชื”, ื•ืื– ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืืช ื–ื” ืœื‘ื“
11:10
so you could make a picnic sheet that wraps around the table,
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ื•ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืคื™ืงื ื™ืง ืฉื ืขื˜ืฃ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ,
11:12
so that way on a windy day it wouldn't blow away.
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ื›ืš ืฉื‘ื™ื•ื ืขื ืจื•ื— ื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ืขื•ืฃ.
11:15
For our next technology, it's hard to observe
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ื‘ืื” ืฉืœื ื•, ืงืฉื” ืœื”ื‘ื—ื™ืŸ
11:16
the unexpected property by itself, because it's an ink.
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ื‘ืชื›ื•ื ื” ื”ืœื ืฆืคื•ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื–ื” ื›ืฉืœืขืฆืžื• ื›ื™ ื–ื” ื“ื™ื•.
11:20
So, we've prepared a video to show it applied to paper.
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ืื– ื”ื›ื ื• ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืื™ืš ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื• ืขืœ ื ื™ื™ืจ.
11:27
KS: As this paper is bending, the resistance of the ink changes.
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ืง"ืฉ: ื›ืฉื”ื ื™ื™ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืžืชื›ื•ืคืฃ, ื”ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื™ื• ืžืฉืชื ื”.
11:31
So with simple electronics, you can detect how much the page is being bent.
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ื›ืš ืฉื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™ืงื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ื”, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ื›ืžื” ื”ื“ืฃ ืžื›ื•ืคืฃ.
11:35
Now, to think about the potential for this,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื—ื™ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ื”ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ืฉืœ ื–ื”,
11:37
think of all the places ink is supplied: on business cards,
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ืชื—ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ื”ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•. ืขืœ ื›ืจื˜ื™ืกื™ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจ,
11:40
on the back of cereal boxes, board games. Any place you use ink,
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ืขืœ ืฆื™ื“ื” ื”ืื—ื•ืจื™ ืฉืœ ืงื•ืคืกืช ื“ื’ื ื™ื, ืžืฉื—ืงื™ ืงื•ืคืกื. ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•
11:44
you could change the way you interact with it.
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ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื” ืฉืœื›ื ืื™ืชื•.
11:46
ZK: So my favorite idea for this is to apply the ink to a book.
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ื–"ืง: ืื– ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ ืขืœื™ื™ ืฉืœ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื“ื™ื• ื”ื–ื” ื‘ืกืคืจ.
11:50
This could totally change the way that you interface with paper.
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ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืืช ื“ืจืš ื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ืฉืœื›ื ืœื ื™ื™ืจ.
11:53
You see the dark line on the side and the top. As you turn the pages
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ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื”ืงื• ื”ื›ื”ื” ื‘ืฆื“ ื•ืœืžืขืœื”. ื›ืฉืืชื ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืืช ื”ื“ืคื™ื
11:56
of the book, the book can actually detect what page you're on,
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ืฉืœ ื”ืกืคืจ, ื”ืกืคืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ื‘ืื™ื–ื” ืขืžื•ื“ ืืชื
11:59
based on the curvature of the pages.
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ืœืคื™ ื”ืขืงืžื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืคื™ื.
12:01
In addition, if you were to fold in one of the corners, then you could program
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ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืื ื”ื™ื™ืชื ืžืงืคืœื™ื ืคื ื™ืžื” ืืช ืื—ืช ื”ืคื™ื ื•ืช , ื”ื™ื™ืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืชื›ื ืช
12:05
the book to actually email you the text on the page for your notes.
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ืืช ื”ืกืคืจ ืฉื™ืฉืœื— ืœื›ื ื“ื•ืืจ ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™ ืขื ื”ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื”ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืฉืœื›ื.
12:10
KS: For our last technology, we worked again with Roman and his team
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ืง"ืฉ: ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืฉืœื ื•, ืขื‘ื“ื ื• ืฉื•ื‘ ืขื ืจื•ืžืŸ ื•ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืœื•
12:12
at the Directors Bureau to develop a commercial from the future
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ื‘"ืœื™ืฉื›ืช ื”ื‘ืžืื™ื" ื›ื“ื™ ืœืคืชื— ืคืจืกื•ืžืช ืžื”ืขืชื™ื“
12:15
to explain how it works.
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ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืื™ืš ื–ื” ืขื•ื‘ื“.
12:26
Old Milk Carton: Oh yeah, it smells good.
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(ื•ื™ื“ืื•): ื”ื• ื›ืŸ, ื–ื” ืžืจื™ื— ื˜ื•ื‘.
12:33
Who are you?
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ืžื™ ืืชื”?
12:35
New Milk Carton: I'm New Milk.
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ืื ื™ ื—ืœื‘ ื—ื“ืฉ.
12:38
OMC: I used to smell like you.
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ืคืขื ื”ืจื—ืชื™ ื›ืžื•ืš.
12:40
Narrator: Fresh Watch, from Inventables Dairy Farms.
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ื‘ืงืจ-ื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ืžื‘ื™ืช "ืžื•ืžืฆืื™ื ืžื—ืœื‘ื•ืช".
12:42
Packaging that changes color when your milk's gone off.
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ืืจื™ื–ื” ื”ืžืฉื ื” ืืช ืฆื‘ืขื” ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื—ืœื‘ ืฉืœืš ืžืชืงืœืงืœ.
12:45
Don't let milk spoil your morning.
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ืืœ ืชื™ืชืŸ ืœื—ืœื‘ ืœืงืœืงืœ ืœืš ืืช ื”ื‘ื•ืงืจ.
12:48
ZK: Now, this technology was developed by these two guys:
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ื–"ืง: ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ื–ื• ืคื•ืชื—ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื ื™ ื”ื‘ื—ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” --
12:51
Professor Ken Suslick and Neil Rakow, of the University of Illinois.
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ืคืจื•ืคืกื•ืจ ืงืŸ ืกื•ืกืœื™ืง ื•ื ื™ืœ ืจืงื• ืžืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ืื™ืœื™ื ื•ื™.
12:54
KS: Now the way it works: there's a matrix of color dyes.
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ืง"ืฉ: ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ื“ืจืš ื‘ื” ื–ื” ืขื•ื‘ื“: ื™ืฉ ืžื˜ืจื™ืฆื” ืฉืœ ืฆื‘ืขื™ื.
12:57
And these dyes change color in response to odors.
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ื•ื”ืฆื‘ืขื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืžืฉื ื™ื ื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื‘ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืœืจื™ื—ื•ืช.
13:00
So the smell of vanilla, that might change the four on the left to brown
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ื›ืš ืฉืจื™ื— ื”ื•ื ื™ืœ, ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืฆื‘ืข ืฉืœ ื”ืืจื‘ืข ืžืฉืžืœ ืœื—ื•ื
13:04
and the one on the right to yellow. This matrix can produce
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ื•ืื—ื“ ืžื™ืžื™ืŸ ืœืฆื”ื•ื‘, ื›ืš ืฉื”ืžื˜ืจื™ืฆื” ื”ื–ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ
13:07
thousands of different color combinations to represent thousands of different smells.
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ืืœืคื™ ืงื•ืžื‘ื™ื ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฆื‘ืขื™ื ืœื™ื™ืฆื•ื’ ืืœืคื™ ืจื™ื—ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื™ื.
13:11
But like in the milk commercial, if you know what odor you want to detect,
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืžื• ื‘ืคืจืกื•ืžืช ื”ื—ืœื‘, ืื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืื™ื–ื” ืจื™ื— ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื–ื”ื•ืช,
13:14
then they can formulate a specific dye to detect just that odor.
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ืื– ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืฆื‘ืข ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ ืœื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ื”ืจื™ื— ื”ืžืกื•ื™ื™ื.
13:17
ZK: Right. It was that that started a conversation with Professor Suslick and myself,
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ื–"ืง: ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง. ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื–ื” ืฉื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืฉื™ื—ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืคืจื•ืคืกืจ ืกื•ืกืœื™ืง ื•ืื ื™,
13:21
and he was explaining to me the things that this is making possible,
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœื™ ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื–ื” ื”ื•ืคืš ืœืืคืฉืจื™ื™ื.
13:24
beyond just detecting spoiled food. It's really where the significance of it lies.
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ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืื™ืชื•ืจ ืžืื›ืœื™ื ืžืงื•ืœืงื™ื ืฉื•ื›ื ืช ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื–ื”.
13:29
His company actually did a survey of firemen all across the country to try to learn,
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ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉืœื• ื‘ื™ืฆืขื” ืกืงืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ื‘ืื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืœืžื•ื“,
13:33
how are they currently testing the air when they respond to an emergency scene?
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ืื™ืš ื”ื ื›ืจื’ืข ื‘ื•ื—ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื›ืฉื”ื ื ืขื ื™ื ืœืงืจื™ืืช ื—ื™ืจื•ื?
13:37
And he kind of comically explained that
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืงืฆืช ืงื•ืžื™ืช,
13:40
time after time, what the firemen would say is:
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ืคืขื ืื—ืจื™ ืคืขื ืžื” ืฉื”ื›ื‘ืื™ื ืืžืจื• ื”ื•ื,
13:42
they would rush to the scene of the crime; they would look around;
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ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืžืžื”ืจื™ื ืœื–ื™ืจืช ื”ืคืฉืข, ื•ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘.
13:45
if there were no dead policemen, it was OK to go.
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ืื ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืฉื•ื˜ืจื™ื ืžืชื™ื, ื–ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจ ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก.
13:47
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
13:50
I mean, this is a true story. They're using policemen as canaries.
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ืื ื™ ืื•ืžืจ, ื–ื” ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืืžื™ืชื™. ื”ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืฉื•ื˜ืจื™ื ื›ื›ืœื™ ื’ื™ืœื•ื™.
13:54
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
13:56
But more seriously, they determined that you could develop
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืจืฆื™ื ื•ืช, ื”ื ืงื‘ืขื• ืฉื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืคืชื—
13:58
a device that can smell better than the humans,
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ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืจื™ื— ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื,
14:01
and say if it's safe for the firemen.
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ื•ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืื ื–ื” ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื›ื‘ืื™ื.
14:04
In addition, he's spun off a company from the University called ChemSensing,
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ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ืฆื™ื ื—ื‘ืจื” ืžื”ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื” ืฉื ืงืจืืช ืงืžืกื ืกื™ื ื’ (ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ื›ื™ืžื™ื”),
14:08
where they're working on medical equipment.
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ืฉื ื”ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ืฆื™ื•ื“ ืจืคื•ืื™
14:11
So, a patient can come in and actually blow into their device.
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ื›ืš ืฉื”ื—ื•ืœื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ื•ืœื ืฉื•ืฃ ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ.
14:14
By detecting the odor of particular bacteria, or viruses,
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ื”ืจื™ื— ืฉืœ ื‘ืงื˜ืจื™ื” ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžืช, ื•ื™ืจื•ืก,
14:18
or even lung cancer, the dots will change and they can use
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ืื• ืืคื™ืœื• ืกืจื˜ ืจื™ืื•ืช, ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื™ืฉืชื ื• ื•ื”ื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ
14:21
software to analyze the results.
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ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื ืชื— ืืช ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช.
14:24
This can radically improve the way that doctors diagnose patients.
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ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืจื“ื™ืงืœื™ืช ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ื‘ื” ืจื•ืคืื™ื ืžืื‘ื—ื ื™ื ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื.
14:28
Currently, they're using a method of trial and error,
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ื›ืจื’ืข, ื”ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ื” ืฉืœ ื ื™ืกื•ื™ ื•ื˜ืขื™ื”,
14:30
but this could tell you precisely what disease you have.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืื™ื–ื” ืžื—ืœื” ื™ืฉ ืœื—ื•ืœื”.
14:33
KS: So that was the six we had for you today, but I hope you're starting to see
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ืง"ืฉ: ืื– ืืœื• ื”ื™ื• ื”ืฉื™ืฉื” ืฉื”ื™ื• ืœื ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื›ื ื”ื™ื•ื, ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืžืงื•ื•ื” ืฉืืชื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช
14:36
why we find these things so fascinating.
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ืœืžื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžืจืชืงื™ื.
14:38
Because every one of these six changed our understanding
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืฉื™ืฉื” ื”ืœืœื•, ืฉื™ื ื” ืืช ื”ื”ื‘ื ื” ืฉืœื ื•
14:41
of what was possible in the world. Prior to seeing this,
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ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืžื” ืืคืฉืจื™ ื‘ืขื•ืœื. ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืจืื™ื ื• ืืช ื–ื”,
14:44
we would have assumed: a 10-foot pole couldn't fit in your pocket;
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ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžื ื™ื—ื™ื ืฉืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืื•ืจืš 3 ืžื˜ืจื™ื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœื›ื™ืก.
14:47
something as inexpensive as ink couldn't sense the way paper is being bent;
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ืžืฉื”ื• ื–ื•ืœ ื›ืžื• ื“ื™ื• ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืฆื•ืจื” ื‘ื” ืžื›ื•ืคืฃ ื ื™ื™ืจ.
14:50
every one of these things -- and we're constantly trying to find more.
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ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”. ื•ืื ื• ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืžื ืกื™ื ืœืžืฆื•ื ืขื•ื“.
14:54
ZK: This is something that Keith and I really enjoy doing.
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ื–"ืง: ื–ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืงื™ื˜' ื•ืื ื™ ืžืื•ื“ ื ื”ื ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช.
14:56
I'm sure it's obvious to you now, but it was actually yesterday
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ืื ื™ ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืฉื–ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืœื›ื, ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืจืง ืืชืžื•ืœ
15:00
that I was reminded of why. I was having a conversation
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ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœืชื™ ืชื™ื–ื›ื•ืจืช ืœืœืžื”. ื ื™ื”ืœืชื™ ืฉื™ื—ื”
15:02
with Steve Jurvetson, over downstairs by the escalators,
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ืขื ืกื˜ื™ื‘ ื’'ื•ืจื‘ืกื˜ื•ืŸ ืœืžื˜ื” ืœื™ื“ ื”ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื”ื ืขื•ืช,
15:06
and he was telling me that when Chris sent out that little box,
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืกื™ืคืจ ืœื™ ืฉื›ืฉื›ืจื™ืก ืฉืœื— ืืช ื”ืงื•ืคืกื ื”ืงื˜ื ื” ื”ื–ื•,
15:09
one of the items in it was the hydrophobic sand --
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ืื—ื“ ื”ืคืจื™ื˜ื™ื ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ื—ื•ืœ ื”ื”ื™ื“ืจื•ืคื•ื‘ื™ --
15:11
the sand that doesn't get wet. He said that he was playing with it with his son.
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ื”ื—ื•ืœ ืฉืœื ื ืจื˜ื‘. ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ืฉื™ื—ืง ื‘ื•ื ืขื ื”ื‘ืŸ ืฉืœื•.
15:15
And you know, his son was mesmerized,
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ื•ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ื”ื‘ืŸ ืฉืœื• ื”ื™ื” ืžื”ื•ืคื ื˜,
15:17
because he would dunk it in the water, he would take it out
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืžืคื™ืœ ืื•ืชื• ืœืžื™ื, ืžื•ืฆื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื”ื—ื•ืฆื”
15:19
and it was bone dry. A few weeks later, he said that his son
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื™ื‘ื“ ืœื’ืžืจื™. ื›ืžื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ, ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ, ื”ื‘ืŸ ืฉืœื•
15:22
was playing with a lock of his mother's hair, and he noticed
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ืฉื™ื—ืง ืขื ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืฉื™ืขืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืืžื ืฉืœื•, ื•ื”ื•ื ืฉื ืœื‘
15:25
that there were some drops of water on the hair.
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ืฉื”ื™ื• ื›ืžื” ื˜ื™ืคื•ืช ืžื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืฉื™ืขืจ.
15:27
And he took the thing and he looked up to Steve and he said,
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืœืงื— ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื•ื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ืกื˜ื™ื‘ ื•ืืžืจ,
15:29
"Look, hydrophobic string."
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"ืชืจืื”, ื—ื•ื˜ ื”ื™ื“ืจื•ืคื•ื‘ื™."
15:31
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
15:34
I mean, after hearing that story -- that really summed it up for me.
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ืื ื™ ืื•ืžืจ, ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืฉืžืขืชื™ ืืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื–ื”, ื–ื” ืžืžืฉ ืžืกื›ื ืืช ื”ื›ืœ.
15:37
Thank you very much.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœื›ื.
15:38
KS: Thank you.
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ืง"ืฉ: ืชื•ื“ื” ืœื›ื.
15:39
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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