Keith Schacht & Zach Kaplan: Products (and toys) from the fu

翻译人员: Xu Jiang 校对人员: Zhu Jie

Zach Kaplan: Keith and I lead a research team.

扎克 卡普兰（ZK）：基斯和我领导了一个研究团队。

We investigate materials and technologies

我们研究具有

that have unexpected properties. Over the last three years,

不可知属性的材料和技术。在过去的3年中，

we found over 200 of these things, and so we looked

我们已经发现了200多种这样的材料和技术，我们从

back into our library and selected six we thought would be most

我们的文库中选取了六种我们认为

surprising for TED.

最值得在TED上介绍的材料和技术。

Of these six, the first one that we're going to talk about

我们首先要介绍的

is in the black envelope you're holding.

装在你手上正拿着的黑色信封里面。

It comes from a company in Japan called GelTech. Now go ahead and open it up.

它由一家叫做GelTech的日本公司制造。好，请打开这个信封。

Keith Schacht: Now be sure and take the two pieces apart.

基斯沙赫特（KS）：请将这两片分开。

What's unexpected about this is that it's soft, but it's also a strong magnet.

不可思议的是，这么柔软的材料，磁性确如此强烈。

Zach and I have always been fascinated

像这样的不可思议的东西

observing unexpected things like this.

总是让我跟扎克很着迷。

We spent a long time thinking about why this is, and it's just recently that we realized:

我们花了很长一段时间来研究为什么会是这个样子，我们最近才明白：

it's when we see something unexpected,

当我们发现了稀奇的东西，

it changes our understanding of the way things work.

那就改变了我们对这种东西的工作方式的了解。

As you're seeing this gel magnet for the first time,

就好像你第一次看到这种胶状的磁铁，

if you assume that all magnets had to be hard,

如果你一直认为磁铁都是坚硬的，

then seeing this surprised you and it changed your understanding

那么看到这样的磁铁，你就觉得很稀奇，

of the way magnets could work.

这也就改变了你认为的磁铁所工作的方式。

ZK: Now, it's important to understand what the unexpected properties are.

ZK：现在，重要的是去理解不可知属性是什么。

But to really think about the implications of what this makes possible,

但是，真正地思考这样的属性能带来些什么的影响性，

we found that it helps to think about how it could be applied in the world.

我们发现这能帮助我们发现如何运用这种属性。

So, a first idea is to use it on cabinet doors.

因此，第一个点子是将其运用在柜子门上。

If you line the sides of the cabinets using the gel material --

如果你用这种胶状的磁铁粘在柜门周围，

if a cabinet slams shut it wouldn't make a loud noise,

当你关柜门时就不会发出噪音，

and in addition the magnets would draw the cabinets closed.

而且磁铁的磁性会紧紧将柜门锁紧。

Imagine taking the same material, but putting it on the bottom of a sneaker.

再假想一下相同的材料，用它制作运动鞋的鞋底。

You know, this way you could go to the container store and buy one of those

然后再买一张铁板将铁板

metal sheets that they hang on the back of your door, in your closet,

钉在衣橱门后，

and you could literally stick your shoes up instead of using a shelf.

这样你就可以真正的将你的鞋子钉在门后，而不是用鞋柜。

For me, I really love this idea.

我特别喜欢这个点子。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

If you come to my apartment and see my closet,

如果你来我家，看到我的衣橱，

I'm sure you'd figure out why: it's a mess.

我相信你一定知道为什么。那太乱啦。

KS: Seeing the unexpected properties and then seeing a couple of

KS：一方面看到这些不可知属性，另一方面看到这些不可知属性的一些应用，

applications -- it helps you see why this is significant, what the potential is.

这更使你看到为什么这些很重要，它们的潜力有多大。

But we've found that the way we present our ideas

但是我们发现，仅仅是我们展示我们想法的方式，

it makes a big difference.

就已经造成了很大的改变。

ZK: It was like six months ago that Keith and I were out in L.A.,

ZK：这就好像六个月前基斯和我去洛杉矶，

and we were at Starbucks having coffee with Roman Coppola.

我们同罗曼科波拉一起在星巴克和咖啡。

He works on mostly music videos and commercials

他主要从事他公司的音乐录像和广告业务，

with his company, The Directors Bureau.

他的公司是The Directors Bureau.

As we were talking, Roman told us that he's kind of an inventor on the side.

但是像这样，我们正谈着，罗曼告诉我们他有点想在这方面投资。

And we were showing him the same

我们给他胶状磁铁，

gel magnet that you're holding in your hand -- and you know,

就跟你们现在拿着的一模一样，

we shared the same ideas. And you could see it in his face:

我们的想法也一样。你可以想象他的反应。

Roman starts to get really excited and he whips out this manila folder;

罗曼马上变得很激动，他挥舞着这个信封。

he opens it up and Keith and I look in,

他将信封打开，基斯和我互相看了一眼，

and he starts showing us concepts that he's been working on.

他开始到告诉我们他一直在构建的一些概念。

These things just get him really excited. And so we're looking

这些东西让他非常的激动。然后我们看了这些概念，

at these concepts, and we were just like, whoa, this guy's good.

我们就，哇，这个家伙真是棒呀

Because the way that he presented the concept -- his approach

因为，他陈述概念的方式，他接近客户的方式

was totally different than ours. He sold it to you as if it was for sale right now.

跟我们的截然不同。他跟你做买卖就好像只有当时在打折。

When we were going in the car back to the airport,

当我们开车回机场的时候，

we were thinking: why was this so powerful?

我们就在想，为什么这次是如此的有说服力呢？

And as we thought about it more, we realized that

我们回想地越多，我们就越发意识到

it let you fill in all the details about the experience,

因为它让你感觉到细节，

just as if you saw it on TV. So, for TED we decided to take our favorite

就好像你在电视上看到的一样。所以，为了TED上的讲话，

idea for the gel magnet and work with Roman and his team

我们决定将我们最喜欢的一个胶状磁铁点子

at the Directors Bureau to create a commercial for a product

同罗曼和他的(the Directors Bureau)团队一起制作了一段

from the future.

用于未来的产品的广告。

Narrator: Do you have a need for speed?

（视频）：你需要体验速度吗？

Inventables Water Adventures dares you to launch yourself

新型水上探险挑战你的极限，

on a magnetically-levitating board down a waterslide

坐在磁悬浮的滑板上沿着水道从高处急速下降，

so fast, so tall, that when you hit the bottom, it uses brakes to stop.

当你要撞击底部时，踩刹车停止。

Aqua Rocket: coming this summer.

水上火箭。今夏上市。

KS: Now, we showed the concept to a few people before this,

KS： 在此之前，我们给一些人看了这段广告，

and they asked us, when's it coming out?

然后他们问我们什么时候会上市。

So I just wanted to let you know, it's not actually coming out,

我只是想告诉你，这个不会真的上市，

just the concept is.

这还只是个概念。

ZK: So now, when we dream up these concepts, it's important for us

ZK：好，现在我们有了这些概念，

to make sure that they work from a technical standpoint.

确保他们从技术角度实现这些概念就很重要了。

So I just want to quickly explain how this would work.

我来简要地解释一下这是如何运作的。

This is the magnetically-levitating board that they mentioned in the commercial.

这就是广告中出现的磁悬浮滑板。

The gel that you're holding would be lining the bottom of the board.

你正握着的胶体会贴在滑板底部。

Now this is important for two reasons.

有两个重要原因。

One: the soft properties of the magnet that make it so that, if it were

第一，磁铁的柔软特性保证了安全性，

to hit the rider in the head, it wouldn't injure him.

如果驾驶员头部受到撞击，驾驶员不会受到伤害。

In addition, you can see from the diagram on the right,

另外，从右边的图表可以看出，

the underpart of the slide would be an electromagnet.

滑道底部是电磁铁。

So this would actually repel the rider a little bit as you're going down.

所以实际上会在下滑过程中稍微排斥驾驶者的滑板。

The force of the water rushing down, in addition to that repulsion force,

水下流的冲力，加上磁铁的斥力

would make this slide go faster than any slide on the market.

使得这种滑行比市场上任何一种滑行都快。

It's because of this that you need the magnetic braking system.

也正是如此，你需要磁性刹车系统。

When you get to the very bottom of the slide --

当你到达滑道最底端时-

(Laughter)

（笑声）

-- the rider passes through an aluminum tube.

-驾驶者会通过一段铝质管道。

And I'm going to kick it to Keith to explain why that's important

下面我把话筒给基斯，

from a technical standpoint.

他将从技术角度解释为什么这很重要。

KS: So I'm sure all you engineers know that even though aluminum is

KS：我相信大家都知道虽然铝是一种金属，

a metal, it's not a magnetic material. But something unexpected

但是却不具有磁性。但是，当你将一块磁铁从铝管中穿过时，

happens when you drop a magnet down an aluminum tube.

会有意想不到的事情发生。

So we set up a quick experiment here to show that to you.

我们通过一个小试验展示给大家看到底会发生什么。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

Now, you see the magnet fell really slowly.

现在你们看到的是磁块慢慢地在铝管中下落。

Now, I'm not going to get into the physics of it,

我不想跟大家讲物理，

but all you need to know is that the faster the magnet's falling,

但是我希望大家知道的是磁块下落的速度越大，

the greater the stopping force.

阻力越大。

ZK: Now, our next technology is actually a 10-foot pole,

ZK： 我们下一项技术实际上是一个10英尺的棍子，

and I have it right here in my pocket.

就在我的口袋。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

There're a few different versions of it.

有几个不同的版本。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

KS: Some of them automatically unroll like this one.

有些会自动地展开，就像这个。

They can be made to automatically roll up, or they can be made

有些会自动卷起，或者保持任何形状，

stable, like Zach's, to hold any position in between.

就像扎克手上的，可以保持展开或卷起过程中的任何形状。

ZK: As we were talking to the vendor -- to try to learn about

ZK：好，正当我们同买家

how you could apply these, or how they're being applied currently --

交谈如何将这些特性运用起来或者现今如何运用这些特性，

he was telling us that, in the military they use this one

他告诉我们军队中

so soldiers can keep it on their chests -- very concealed --

士兵们平时将这个藏在胸前，

and then, when they're out on the field, erect it as an antenna

外出时将其展开作为天线，

to clearly send signals back to the base.

将清楚的信号传回基地。

In our brainstorms, we came up with the idea you could use it for a soccer goal:

我们也想到你也可以把它当作足球球门，

so at the end of the game, you just roll up the goal and put it in your gym bag.

游戏结束时，你就收起球门，将它放回运动包中。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

KS: Now, the interesting thing about this is,

KS：有趣的是，

you don't have to be an engineer to appreciate why

你不需要成为一名工程师来感受到

a 10-foot pole that can fit in your pocket is so interesting.

将10英寸的棍子放入包中的的那种兴奋。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

So we decided to go out onto the streets of Chicago

我们决定来到芝加哥的大街上

and ask a few people on the streets what they thought you could do with this.

问街上的行人他们有什么想法。

Man: I clean my ceiling fans with that and I get the spider webs

（视频）：我会这么使用，用它清理吊顶电扇，

off my house -- I do it that way.

清理房屋中的蜘蛛网。

Woman: I'd make my very own walking stick.

我用它做我自己的拐杖。

Woman: I would create a ladder to use to get up on top of the tree.

我会做个梯子，这样能爬到树顶。

Woman: An olive server.

一个橄榄式服务器。

Man: Some type of extension pole -- like what the painters use.

就像画家一样，加长画笔。

Woman: I would make a spear that, when you went deep sea diving,

我会做个备用的，当你在深海潜泳时，

you could catch the fish really fast, and then roll it back up,

你可以很快地抓住鱼，收回来，

and you could swim easier ... Yeah.

你也能游的容易些，对。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

ZK: Now, for our next technology we're going to do a little demonstration,

ZK：关于我们的下一项技术，我们想做个小演示，

and so we need a volunteer from the audience.

需要一名志愿者上台来。

You sir, come on up.

这位先生，请上来。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

Come on up. Tell everybody your name.

请告诉大家你的名字。

Steve Jurvetson: Steve.

史蒂夫（SJ）：史蒂夫。

ZK: It's Steve. All right Steve, now, follow me.

ZK：史蒂夫。好，史蒂夫，请跟着我。

We need you to stand right in front of the TED sign.

我们需要你站在TED牌子的正前面。

Right there. That's great.

就在这儿。非常棒。

And hold onto this. Good luck to you.

请拿着这个。祝你好运。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

KS: No, not yet.

KS： 不，还没有。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

ZK: I'd just like to let you all know that this presentation

ZK：我还想说明此次演出

has been brought to you by Target.

由Target赞助。

KS: Little bit -- that's perfect, just perfect.

KS： 再过一点点-非常好，很完美。

Now, Zach, we're going to demonstrate

现在，扎克，我们将要为大家

a water gun fight from the future.

带来未来的水枪战。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

So here, come on up to the front. All right, so

就在这儿，就在这个前面。好咧，

now if you'll see here -- no, no, it's OK.

如果你看这儿—不，不，好。

So, describe to the audience the temperature of your shirt. Go ahead.

好，请向观众说明你衣服的温度。请大声说。

SJ: It's cold.

温度很低。

KS: Now the reason it's cold is that's it's not actually water loaded

KS：温度很低的原因是因为这些水枪中装的不是水。

into these squirt guns -- it's a dry liquid developed by 3M.

是一种由3M公司研制的干态液体。

It's perfectly clear, it's odorless, it's colorless.

绝对干净，无味，无色。

It's so safe you could drink this stuff.

你喝下这种液体也是安全的。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

And the reason it feels cold is because it evaporates

感觉温度低的原因是因为它蒸发的速度

25 times faster than water.

比水快25倍。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

All right, well thanks for coming up.

好，谢谢你上台来。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

ZK: Wait, wait, Steven -- before you go we filled this with the dry liquid

ZK：等等，史蒂夫-你下台前，我们将水枪充满这种干态液体，

so during the break you can shoot your friends.

这样休息时你可以射向你的朋友们。

SJ: Excellent, thank you.

SJ：太棒了，谢谢你。

KS: Thanks for coming up. Let's give him a big round of applause.

KS：谢谢你的合作。让我们为他鼓掌。

(Applause)

（鼓掌）

So what's the significance of this dry liquid?

这种干态液体有什么重要意义呢？

Early versions of the fluid were actually used on a Cray Supercomputer.

这种液体的早期版本实际上用于克雷超级计算机。

Now, the unexpected thing about this

这种液体不可思议的特性是

is that Zach could stand up on stage and drench

扎克可以站在台上向观众席扫射，

a perfectly innocent member of the audience without any concern

不用担心

that we'd damage the electronics, that we'd get him wet,

弄坏电器，也不用担心弄湿衣服，

that we'd hurt the books or the computers. It works because it's non-conductive.

也不用担心会毁坏书籍或计算机。因为它绝缘，所以它没有损害性。

So you can see here, you can immerse a whole circuit board

看这里，你可以将整个电路板浸入其中，

in this and it wouldn't cause any damage.

却不会有任何损害。

You can circulate it to draw the heat away.

你可以通电散热。

But today it's most widely used in office buildings --

但是今天办公室中最广泛运用的是-

in the sprinkler system -- as a fire-suppression fluid.

在灌溉系统中作为灭火液体。

Again, it's perfectly safe for people. It puts out the fires, doesn't hurt anything.

再者，对人体绝对安全。它只扑灭火，而不会损坏任何东西。

But our favorite idea for this

但是我们最自豪的点子

was using it in a basketball game. So during halftime,

是将其用于篮球赛中。半场时，

it could rain down on the players, cool everyone down,

淋在球员身上，给每个人降温，

and in a matter of minutes it would dry. Wouldn't hurt the court.

几分钟内就干了。也不会损害场地。

ZK: Our next technology comes to us from a company in Japan

ZK：我们下一项技术来自于日本

called Sekisui Chemical. One of their R&D engineers

Sekisui化学品公司。他们研究开发中心的一位工程师

was working on a way to make plastic stiffer.

正致力研究将塑料变得坚硬。

While he was doing this, he noticed an unexpected thing.

他研究这个的时候发现了一件不可思议的东西。

We have a video to show you.

我们给大家看一段视频。

KS: So you see there, it didn't bounce back. Now, this was

KS： 看这里，它不会弹回来。

an unintended side effect of some experiments they were doing.

这是他们做试验时没有想到的副作用。

It's technically called, "shape-retaining property."

用技术上的话说叫“形状保持特性”。

Now, think about your interactions with aluminum foil.

想象一下你用铝箔的时候。

Shape-retaining is common in metal: you bend a piece of aluminum foil,

保持形状是金属的常性。你折起一片铝箔 ，

and it holds its place. Contrast that with

它就保持那个状态。相反的是，

a plastic garbage can -- and you can push in the sides

一个塑料罐，你挤瘪，

and it always bounces back.

它又弹回来恢复原状。

ZK: For example, you could make a watch that wraps around your wrist,

ZK：再举个例子，（有了这种塑料）你可以将手表绕着你的腕部

but doesn't use a buckle.

而不用带扣。

Taking it a little further, if you wove

再讲个远点儿的，

those strips together -- kind of like a little basket -- you could make

如果你将这些带子编在一起，像编竹篮那样，

a shape-retaining sheet, and then you could embed it in a cloth:

你就做个保持型状的，这样你可以罩块儿布，

so you could make a picnic sheet that wraps around the table,

成为个野餐桌，

so that way on a windy day it wouldn't blow away.

这样即便有风也不会被刮走。

For our next technology, it's hard to observe

我们下一项技术，是一种墨水。

the unexpected property by itself, because it's an ink.

它本身的奇异特性不容易被观察到。

So, we've prepared a video to show it applied to paper.

所以我们准备了一段视频来展示如何应用在纸上。

KS: As this paper is bending, the resistance of the ink changes.

KS：随着纸张的弯曲，墨水的电阻也随之改变。

So with simple electronics, you can detect how much the page is being bent.

就算用最简易的电表，你也能测出纸张弯曲的程度。

Now, to think about the potential for this,

好，想想这项技术的潜力，

think of all the places ink is supplied: on business cards,

想想它能运用在的领域。名片，

on the back of cereal boxes, board games. Any place you use ink,

早餐包装盒的背面，旗牌游戏。一切能用到墨水的地方

you could change the way you interact with it.

都能运用这项技术。

ZK: So my favorite idea for this is to apply the ink to a book.

ZK：这项技术我最喜欢的点子是用于印书。

This could totally change the way that you interface with paper.

这可以完全改变你跟书籍的交流形式。

You see the dark line on the side and the top. As you turn the pages

你看在页边喝页眉都有黑线。你翻页时，

of the book, the book can actually detect what page you're on,

根据书页的弯曲程度，书本实际上能

based on the curvature of the pages.

探测到你在读哪一页。

In addition, if you were to fold in one of the corners, then you could program

此外，如果你折页脚，

the book to actually email you the text on the page for your notes.

你还能编辑将书本上的笔迹发邮件给你。

KS: For our last technology, we worked again with Roman and his team

KS：我们最后一项技术，我们再次同

at the Directors Bureau to develop a commercial from the future

罗曼和他的团队在Directors Bureau一起制作了这段广告，

to explain how it works.

从未来的应用来解释这个如何工作。

Old Milk Carton: Oh yeah, it smells good.

（视频）：哇，好香呀。

Who are you?

你是谁？

New Milk Carton: I'm New Milk.

我是新的牛奶。

OMC: I used to smell like you.

我原先闻起来跟你一样。

Narrator: Fresh Watch, from Inventables Dairy Farms.

新鲜看的见的来自于新奶场的牛奶。

Packaging that changes color when your milk's gone off.

随着牛奶的减少，包装盒的颜色也随之改变。

Don't let milk spoil your morning.

不要让牛奶毁了你的早晨哦。

ZK: Now, this technology was developed by these two guys:

ZK：现在这项技术由这两位教授-

Professor Ken Suslick and Neil Rakow, of the University of Illinois.

来自于伊利诺伊大学的肯 萨斯里克和尼尔拉科。

KS: Now the way it works: there's a matrix of color dyes.

KS：它工作的方式是：一个彩色染料的矩阵。

And these dyes change color in response to odors.

这些染料随着气味的改变而改变颜色。

So the smell of vanilla, that might change the four on the left to brown

香草的味道可能让左边的四个圆点变成褐色，

and the one on the right to yellow. This matrix can produce

右边的变成黄色，这样颜色矩阵

thousands of different color combinations to represent thousands of different smells.

能依据不同的香味变化成千上万的颜色组合。

But like in the milk commercial, if you know what odor you want to detect,

就像刚才的牛奶广告一样，如果你知道你想测到什么样的香味，

then they can formulate a specific dye to detect just that odor.

它们就可以组合出特别针对这种香味的颜料。

ZK: Right. It was that that started a conversation with Professor Suslick and myself,

ZK：对。这始于我跟萨斯里克教授的一段谈话，

and he was explaining to me the things that this is making possible,

他向我解释了其中的原理。

beyond just detecting spoiled food. It's really where the significance of it lies.

检测变质的食物并不是它的真正意义所在。

His company actually did a survey of firemen all across the country to try to learn,

他的公司实际上对全国消防员作了一项调研，

how are they currently testing the air when they respond to an emergency scene?

用于了解它们在处理紧急情况时如何检测空气？

And he kind of comically explained that

他稍带诙谐地解释说，

time after time, what the firemen would say is:

消防员一次又一次地说，

they would rush to the scene of the crime; they would look around;

他们会赶到犯罪现场。他们会检查四周。

if there were no dead policemen, it was OK to go.

如果没有警察死亡，那就万事大吉。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

I mean, this is a true story. They're using policemen as canaries.

这是个真实的故事。 他们用警察当哨兵。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

But more seriously, they determined that you could develop

话说回来，他们决定你可以发明

a device that can smell better than the humans,

一种比人类嗅觉更敏感的装置，

and say if it's safe for the firemen.

消防员也更安全。

In addition, he's spun off a company from the University called ChemSensing,

此外，他将他的公司从大学分离出来，

where they're working on medical equipment.

成立了一家叫ChemSensing从事医疗器械的公司，

So, a patient can come in and actually blow into their device.

病人们蜂拥而至。

By detecting the odor of particular bacteria, or viruses,

随着检测到某些细菌、病毒甚至肺癌的特别味道，

or even lung cancer, the dots will change and they can use

染料颜色会跟着改变，

software to analyze the results.

而他们就用软件分析这些结果。

This can radically improve the way that doctors diagnose patients.

这从根本上改进了医生诊断病人的方式。

Currently, they're using a method of trial and error,

目前，他们用试错的方法，

but this could tell you precisely what disease you have.

但这却能精确地显示你得了什么病。

KS: So that was the six we had for you today, but I hope you're starting to see

KS：这就是我们今天为你带来的六种技术，我希望你能感到

why we find these things so fascinating.

为什么我们觉得这些技术不可思议。

Because every one of these six changed our understanding

因为这六种技术中的每一种，

of what was possible in the world. Prior to seeing this,

都改变了我们对这个世界上可能性的认识。没看这个之前，

we would have assumed: a 10-foot pole couldn't fit in your pocket;

我们想象不到一个10英尺长的棍子能装在你的口袋里。

something as inexpensive as ink couldn't sense the way paper is being bent;

我们也想象不到像墨水一样便宜的东西能感到纸张弯曲的程度。

every one of these things -- and we're constantly trying to find more.

这里每一项技术。我们致力于发现更多的奇迹。

ZK: This is something that Keith and I really enjoy doing.

ZK：这是基斯和我真正感兴趣做的事情。

I'm sure it's obvious to you now, but it was actually yesterday

我想你们现在觉得这很明显，但就在昨天，

that I was reminded of why. I was having a conversation

我才想起是为什么。当我和斯蒂夫

with Steve Jurvetson, over downstairs by the escalators,

在楼下的电梯口交谈时，

and he was telling me that when Chris sent out that little box,

他告诉我克里斯给他那个小盒子，

one of the items in it was the hydrophobic sand --

其中一件物品是疏水沙-

the sand that doesn't get wet. He said that he was playing with it with his son.

就是不会变湿的沙子。他同他的儿子玩这种沙子。

And you know, his son was mesmerized,

他儿子就像着迷了一样，

because he would dunk it in the water, he would take it out

他将沙子泡在水里，再拿出来，

and it was bone dry. A few weeks later, he said that his son

沙子还是干的。几周后，他说，

was playing with a lock of his mother's hair, and he noticed

他儿子玩他妈妈剪下的头发，

that there were some drops of water on the hair.

他发现头发上有几滴水。

And he took the thing and he looked up to Steve and he said,

他拿着头发，找到史蒂夫说

"Look, hydrophobic string."

“看，一条疏水性的线。”

(Laughter)

（笑声）

I mean, after hearing that story -- that really summed it up for me.

听到这个故事，我什么都明白了。

Thank you very much.

非常谢谢大家。

KS: Thank you.

KS：谢谢大家。

(Applause)

（鼓掌）