Bobby Ghosh: Why global jihad is losing

45,633 views ・ 2012-12-03

TED


Palun tehke topeltklõps allpool olevatel ingliskeelsetel subtiitritel, et mängida videot.

00:00
Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast
0
0
7000
Translator: Karin Leivategija Reviewer: Aari Lemmik
Räägin teile ühe sõna jõust:
00:16
I'm going to talk about the power of a word:
1
16151
3214
džihaad.
00:19
jihad.
2
19365
3056
Suuremale osale tõsiusklikest moslemitest
00:22
To the vast majority of practicing Muslims,
3
22421
4356
tähendab džihaad sisemist võitlust usu eest.
00:26
jihad is an internal struggle for the faith.
4
26777
4024
Inimese sisemist võitlust pahede, patu,
00:30
It is a struggle within, a struggle against vice, sin,
5
30801
4686
kiusatuse, himu ja apluse vastu.
See on vaeva nägemine selle nimel,
00:35
temptation, lust, greed.
6
35487
2290
00:37
It is a struggle to try and live a life
7
37777
3629
et elada nii, nagu sätestavad Koraani moraalireeglid.
00:41
that is set by the moral codes written in the Koran.
8
41406
6698
Oma esialgses tähenduses on džihaad moslemitele sama oluline
00:48
In that original idea, the concept of jihad is as important
9
48104
5470
kui jumala arm on kristlastele.
00:53
to Muslims as the idea of grace is to Christians.
10
53574
5858
Džihaad on suure väega sõna, kui sellest aspektist vaadata,
00:59
It's a very powerful word, jihad, if you look at it in that respect,
11
59432
3746
millel on isegi teatud müstiline alatoon.
01:03
and there's a certain almost mystical resonance to it.
12
63178
4982
Sel põhjusel on moslemid juba aastasadu
oma lastele nimeks pannud Džihaad,
01:08
And that's the reason why, for hundreds of years,
13
68160
2386
nii tütardele kui poegadele,
01:10
Muslims everywhere have named their children Jihad,
14
70546
2819
samuti nagu kristlased panevad tütarde nimeks Grace
01:13
their daughters as much as their sons, in the same way
15
73365
2522
01:15
that, say, Christians name their daughters Grace,
16
75887
3822
ja hindud, minu rahvas, panevad tütardele nimeks Bhakti,
01:19
and Hindus, my people, name our daughters Bhakti,
17
79709
3968
mis tähendab sanskriti keeles sügavat sisemist usu.
01:23
which means, in Sanskrit, spiritual worship.
18
83677
5472
Aga moslemite seas on alati olnud neid,
01:29
But there have always been, in Islam, a small group,
19
89149
2765
kes usuvad, et džihaad pole vaid sisemine vaid ka väljapoole suunatud võitlus
01:31
a minority, who believe that jihad
20
91914
2469
01:34
is not only an internal struggle but also an external struggle
21
94383
2974
selliste jõudude vastu,
mis ohustavad usku või usklikke.
01:37
against forces that would threaten the faith, or the faithul.
22
97357
6376
Ja mõned arvavad, et sellises võitluses
01:43
And some of these people believe that in that struggle,
23
103733
3121
tohib vahel kasutada ka relva.
01:46
it is sometimes okay to take up arms.
24
106854
3599
Sedasi mõtlesid tuhanded noored moslemid,
kes suundusid 1980ndatel Afganistani,
01:50
And so the thousands of young Muslim men
25
110453
2707
et võidelda Nõukogude Liidu vastu, kes oli okupeerinud islamiriigi.
01:53
who flocked to Afghanistan in the 1980s
26
113160
2917
01:56
to fight against the Soviet occupation of a Muslim country,
27
116077
3728
Nad uskusid, et peavad püha sõda,
01:59
in their minds they were fighting a jihad,
28
119805
2728
nende siht oli džihaad
ja nad nimetasid end mudžahediinideks,
02:02
they were doing jihad,
29
122533
2416
02:04
and they named themselves the Mujahideen,
30
124949
2792
mis on tuletatud samas sõnast kui džihaad.
02:07
which is a word that comes from the same root as jihad.
31
127741
4784
Seda ei mäletata enam, aga tollal
peeti mudžahediinidest siin Ameerikas väga lugu.
02:12
And we forget this now, but back then
32
132525
2840
02:15
the Mujahideen were celebrated in this country, in America.
33
135365
3958
Pidasime neid pühasõdalasteks, kes võitlesid uskmatute kommunistide vastu.
02:19
We thought of them as holy warriors who were taking
34
139323
2498
02:21
the good fight to the ungodly communists.
35
141821
3756
Ameerika andis neile relvi, raha, toetas ja julgustas neid.
02:25
America gave them weapons, gave them money,
36
145577
2045
02:27
gave them support, encouragement.
37
147622
2999
Aga selles grupis oli üks väiksem grupp,
väiksem vähemus sellest vähemusest,
02:30
But within that group, a tiny, smaller group,
38
150621
2326
02:32
a minority within a minority within a minority,
39
152947
3882
kes käivitas uue vägivaldse versiooni
02:36
were coming up with a new and dangerous
40
156829
2985
džihaadi kontseptsioonist.
02:39
conception of jihad,
41
159814
2819
Ühel hetkel sai selle grupi juhiks Osama bin Laden,
02:42
and in time this group would come to be led by Osama bin Laden,
42
162633
5309
ta arendas seda ideed edasi.
Tema tähenduses oli džihaad ülemaailmne terrorisõda
02:47
and he refined the idea.
43
167942
1500
02:49
His idea of jihad was a global war of terror,
44
169442
4638
kaugemal asuva vaenlase vastu,
Lääne ristisõdalaste ja Ameerika vastu.
02:54
primarily targeted at the far enemy,
45
174080
2510
02:56
at the crusaders from the West, against America.
46
176590
4399
Ja see, mida ta džihaadi nimel tegi
03:00
And the things he did in the pursuit of this jihad
47
180989
2839
oli nii kohutav ja jube
03:03
were so horrendous, so monstrous,
48
183828
2680
ja avaldas sedavõrd suurt mõju,
et tema džihaadi versiooni hakatigi pidama selleks tõeliseks.
03:06
and had such great impact,
49
186508
1975
03:08
that his definition was the one that stuck,
50
188483
4204
Ja mitte ainult siin Läänes.
Ega me teistsugust teadnudki, ega võtnud ka vaevaks asja uurida.
03:12
not just here in the West.
51
192687
1279
03:13
We didn't know any better. We didn't pause to ask.
52
193966
3859
Eeldasime, et kui see hull ja tema psühhopaatidest jüngrid
03:17
We just assumed that if this insane man and his psychopathic followers
53
197825
4570
nimetavad oma tegevust džihaadiks, siis seda džihaad tähendabki.
03:22
were calling what they did jihad, then that's what jihad must mean.
54
202395
5210
Ja nii ei mõelnud mitte ainult meie siin.
03:27
But it wasn't just us. Even in the Muslim world,
55
207605
3257
Isegi islamiriikides võeti omaks tema definitsiooni džihaadist.
03:30
his definition of jihad began to gain acceptance.
56
210862
4671
Aasta tagasi kohtusin Tuneesias
ühe väga väikese mošee imaamiga, ta oli vana mees.
03:35
A year ago I was in Tunis, and I met the imam
57
215533
3352
Viisteist aastat tagasi pani ta oma lapselapsele nimeks Džihaad
03:38
of a very small mosque, an old man.
58
218885
1940
03:40
Fifteen years ago, he named his granddaughter Jihad,
59
220825
3965
selle sõna algse tähenduse järgi.
Ta lootis, et selline nimi inspireerib tüdrukut elama usklikku elu.
03:44
after the old meaning. He hoped that a name like that
60
224790
2967
03:47
would inspire her to live a spiritual life.
61
227757
4432
Aga ta ütles, et pärast 9/11 sündmusi
hakkas ta kahtlema.
03:52
But he told me that after 9/11,
62
232189
2680
Ta kartis, et kui ta kutsub tüdrukut selle nimega
03:54
he began to have second thoughts.
63
234869
2680
eriti kuskil väljas, avalikus kohas
03:57
He worried that if he called her by that name,
64
237549
1946
võidakse arvata, et ta toetab bin Ladeni stiilis džihaadi.
03:59
especially outdoors, outside in public,
65
239495
2525
04:02
he might be seen as endorsing bin Laden's idea of jihad.
66
242020
5918
Reedeste jutluste ajal mošees
üritas ta taastada selle sõna algset tähendust,
04:07
On Fridays in his mosque, he gave sermons
67
247938
2463
04:10
trying to reclaim the meaning of the word,
68
250401
4417
aga koguduse liikmed, kes mošees käisid,
04:14
but his congregants, the people who came to his mosque,
69
254818
3739
olid näinud videoid.
Nad olid näinud tornidesse lendavaid lennukeid ja tornide langemist.
04:18
they had seen the videos. They had seen pictures
70
258557
2228
04:20
of the planes going into the towers, the towers coming down.
71
260785
5742
Nad olid kuulnud bin Ladeni ütlemas, et see ongi džihaad
ja end võitjaks kuulutamas.
04:26
They had heard bin Laden say that that was jihad,
72
266527
3026
Ja nii oli sel vanal imaamil mure, et ta räägib kurtidele kõrvadele,
04:29
and claimed victory for it. And so the old imam worried
73
269553
2961
et keegi ei kuula teda.
04:32
that his words were falling on deaf ears. No one was paying attention.
74
272514
4296
Ta eksis.
Mõni siiski pani tähele, aga valel põhjusel.
04:36
He was wrong. Some people were paying attention,
75
276810
3272
USA oli tollal ajal avaldamas survet
04:40
but for the wrong reasons.
76
280082
1906
04:41
The United States, at this point, was putting pressure
77
281988
2774
oma araabia liitlastele, ka Tuneesiale,
et nad suruksid maha äärmusliikumise oma riigis.
04:44
on all its Arab allies, including Tunisia,
78
284762
2439
04:47
to stamp out extremism in their societies,
79
287201
4337
Ja see imaam avastas äkki, et ta on sihikule võetud
04:51
and this imam found himself suddenly in the crosshairs
80
291538
3467
Tuneesia luureteenistuse poolt.
Varem ei olnud nad tema vastu huvi tundunud -
04:55
of the Tunisian intelligence service.
81
295005
2871
vana mees, väike mošee -
04:57
They had never paid him any attention before --
82
297876
1456
04:59
old man, small mosque --
83
299332
3225
aga nüüd hakkasid nad teda külastama
ja vahel veeti teda ülekuulamistele,
05:02
but now they began to pay visits,
84
302557
2210
kus esitati alati sama küsimus:
05:04
and sometimes they would drag him in for questions,
85
304767
1662
"Miks sa panid oma lapselapsele nimeks Džihaad?
05:06
and always the same question:
86
306429
1348
05:07
"Why did you name your granddaughter Jihad?
87
307777
4211
Miks sa kasutad jätkuvalt sõna "džihaad" oma reedestel jutlustel?
05:11
Why do you keep using the word jihad in your Friday sermons?
88
311988
4599
Kas sa vihkad ameeriklasi?
Milline on sinu side Osama bin Ladeniga?"
05:16
Do you hate Americans?
89
316587
2065
05:18
What is your connection to Osama bin Laden?"
90
318652
4120
Tuneesia luureteenistusele
ja sarnastele organisatsioonidele mujal araabiamaades
05:22
So to the Tunisian intelligence agency,
91
322772
2015
05:24
and organizations like it all over the Arab world,
92
324787
2833
võrdus džihaad äärmusliikumisega.
05:27
jihad equaled extremism,
93
327620
4464
Bin Ladeni definitsioon oli institutsionaliseeritud.
05:32
Bin Laden's definition had become institutionalized.
94
332084
3934
Selle sõna vägi võimaldas tal seda teha.
05:36
That was the power of that word that he was able to do.
95
336018
3789
Ja see tegi vana imaami väga kurvaks.
05:39
And it filled this old imam, it filled him with great sadness.
96
339807
5722
Ta ütles, et bin Ladeni arvukate kuritegude seas, oli just see see üks,
05:45
He told me that, of bin Laden's many crimes, this was,
97
345529
2915
millele ei pööratud piisavalt tähelepanu
05:48
in his mind, one that didn't get enough attention,
98
348444
3072
Et bin Laden lihtsalt võttis selle sõna, selle kauni mõtte
05:51
that he took this word, this beautiful idea.
99
351516
3798
ja mitte niivõrd ei omastanud seda,
05:55
He didn't so much appropriate it as kidnapped it
100
355314
4466
vaid röövis, moonutas ja rikkus selle ära.
05:59
and debased it and corrupted it
101
359780
2880
ning andis sõnale tähenduse, mida see kunagi polnud tähendanud.
06:02
and turned it into something it was never meant to be,
102
362660
3360
ja siis veenis ta kõiki,
et see on alati olnud globaalne džihaad.
06:06
and then persuaded all of us that it always was
103
366020
5677
06:11
a global jihad.
104
371697
2642
Aga hea uudis on see,
06:14
But the good news is
105
374339
3543
et globaalne džihaad nagu bin Laden seda defineeris, on peaaegi läbi.
06:17
that the global jihad is almost over, as bin Laden defined it.
106
377882
5779
See hakkas hääbuma ammu enne seda kui ta ise suri
ja nüüd on lõpp lähedal.
06:23
It was dying well before he did,
107
383661
2558
Arvamusuuringud islamimaades näitavad,
06:26
and now it's on its last legs.
108
386219
2309
et moslemid ei ole huvitatud
06:28
Opinion polls from all over the Muslim world show
109
388528
2339
06:30
that there is very little interest among Muslims
110
390867
4552
ülemaailmsest pühast sõjast Lääne vastu,
selle kauge vaenlase vastu.
06:35
in a global holy war against the West,
111
395419
2510
06:37
against the far enemy.
112
397929
3314
Meeste hulk, kes on valmis selle nimel võitlema ja surema, kahaneb.
06:41
The supply of young men willing to fight and die for this cause is dwindling.
113
401243
4210
Mis sama oluline, rahastamine,
sellise tegevuse finantseerimine väheneb samuti.
06:45
The supply of money — just as important, more important perhaps —
114
405453
2695
Rikkad fanaatikud, kes varem seesugust tegevust sponsoreerisid,
06:48
the supply of money to this activity is also dwindling.
115
408148
2663
06:50
The wealthy fanatics who were previously
116
410811
2808
on oma rahakotiraudu koomale tõmmanud.
06:53
sponsoring this kind of activity are now less generous.
117
413619
6616
Mida see tähendab meie jaoks siin Läänes?
Kas võime avada šampanjapudelid,
07:00
What does that mean for us in the West?
118
420235
1433
07:01
Does it mean we can break out the champagne,
119
421668
3719
pesta käed puhtaks, tagasi tõmbuda ja öösiti rahulikult magada?
07:05
wash our hands of it, disengage, sleep easy at night?
120
425387
5228
Ei.
Tagasitõmbuda ei saa,
07:10
No. Disengagement is not an option,
121
430615
5084
sest kui lasta püsida kohalikul džihaadil
07:15
because if you let local jihad survive,
122
435699
6496
saab sellest rahvusvaheline džihaad.
Ja nii ongi üle kogu maailma
07:22
it becomes international jihad.
123
442195
2784
07:24
And so there's now a lot of different
124
444979
2681
tekkinud mitmeid vägivaldseid džihaade.
Somaalias, Malis, Nigeerias, Iraagis,
07:27
violent jihads all over the world.
125
447660
2536
07:30
In Somalia, in Mali, in Nigeria,
126
450196
2287
Afganistanis ja Pakistanis on grupeeringuid,
07:32
in Iraq, in Afghanistan, Pakistan, there are groups that claim
127
452483
5151
kes nimetavad end bin Ladeni mantlipärijateks.
07:37
to be the inheritors of the legacy of Osama bin Laden.
128
457634
5398
Nad kasutavad tema retoorikat.
Nad kasutavad isegi tema loodud džihaadi brändi nime.
07:43
They use his rhetoric.
129
463032
1516
07:44
They even use the brand name he created for his jihad.
130
464548
5167
Nüüd on Al Qaeda kohal islamistlikus Maghrebis,
07:49
So there is now an al Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb,
131
469715
4158
Al Qaeda on kohal Araabia poolsaarel,
Al Qaeda on kohal Mesopotaamias.
07:53
there's an al Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula,
132
473873
1629
On ka teisi grupeeringuid: Boko Haram Nigeerias,
07:55
there is an al Qaeda in Mesopotamia.
133
475502
2650
Al Shabaab Somaalias - ja nad kõik kummardavad Osama bin Ladenit.
07:58
There are other groups -- in Nigeria, Boko Haram,
134
478152
2087
08:00
in Somalia, al Shabaab -- and they all pay homage to Osama bin Laden.
135
480239
6113
Aga kui vaadata lähemalt, siis selgub,
et nende džihaad ei ole globaalne.
08:06
But if you look closely,
136
486352
1934
Nende võitlus toimub palju kitsamate teemade pärast.
08:08
they're not fighting a global jihad.
137
488286
2801
08:11
They're fighting battles over much narrower issues.
138
491087
4086
Tavaliselt on probleem kas rahvuses, rassis või sektis
08:15
Usually it has to do with ethnicity or race or sectarianism,
139
495173
4369
või on tegu lihtsalt võimuvõitlusega.
Enamasti ongi see võimuvõitlus ühes riigis
08:19
or it's a power struggle.
140
499542
1192
või riigi mõnes väiksemas piirkonnas.
08:20
More often than not, it's a power struggle
141
500734
1840
08:22
in one country, or even a small region within one country.
142
502574
3596
Vahel minnakse ka üle piiride,
Iraagist Süüriasse, Malist Alžeeriasse,
08:26
Occasionally they will go across a border,
143
506170
2964
08:29
from Iraq to Syria, from Mali to Algeria,
144
509134
6279
Somaaliast Keeniasse,
aga see pole üleilmne džihaad mõne kauge vaenlase vastu.
08:35
from Somalia to Kenya, but they're not fighting
145
515413
1880
08:37
a global jihad against some far enemy.
146
517293
5041
Siiski ei tähenda see,
08:42
But that doesn't mean
147
522334
3087
et võiksime puhata.
Olin hiljuti Jeemenis, kus -
08:45
that we can relax.
148
525421
2327
seal asub viimane Al Qaeda haru,
08:47
I was in Yemen recently, where -- it's the home
149
527748
2251
08:49
of the last al Qaeda franchise
150
529999
3311
mis endiselt tahab Ameerikat ja Läänt rünnata.
08:53
that still aspires to attack America, attack the West.
151
533310
4112
See on vana kooli Al Qaeda.
Võib-olla mäletate neid?
08:57
It's old school al Qaeda.
152
537422
2223
Nad üritasid siia saata aluspüksi-pommimehe
08:59
You may remember these guys.
153
539645
1187
09:00
They are the ones who tried to send the underwear bomber here,
154
540832
2681
ja õhtuasid internetis vägivalda
09:03
and they were using the Internet to try and instigate
155
543513
2949
Ameerika moslemite seas.
Aga nad on viimasel ajal tagasi tõmbunud.
09:06
violence among American Muslims.
156
546462
2840
Mullu võtsid nad kontrolli alla piirkonna Jeemeni lõunaosas
09:09
But they have been distracted recently.
157
549302
1340
09:10
Last year, they took control over a portion of southern Yemen,
158
550642
2707
ja valitsesid seda Talibani stiilis.
Aga peale seda kui Jeemeni sõjavägi end kokku võttis
09:13
and ran it, Taliban-style.
159
553349
2757
ja kui kohalikud neile vastu hakkasid ja minema lõid,
09:16
And then the Yemeni military got its act together,
160
556106
2799
09:18
and ordinary people rose up against these guys
161
558905
3317
on suurem osa nende tegevusest
09:22
and drove them out, and since then, most of their activities,
162
562222
3286
ja rünnakutest suunatud jeemenlaste vastu.
09:25
most of their attacks have been directed at Yemenis.
163
565508
4201
Ilmselt ongi nüüd käes see hetk, kus saame öelda,
09:29
So I think we've come to a point now where we can say
164
569709
4041
et nii nagu igasugune poliitika, on ka džihaad tegelikult kohalik.
09:33
that, just like all politics, all jihad is local.
165
573750
3496
Siiski ei anna see õigust end taandada,
09:37
But that's still not reason for us to disengage,
166
577246
4472
sest seda filmi oleme juba näinud, Afganistanis.
09:41
because we've seen that movie before, in Afghanistan.
167
581718
3745
Kui mudžahediinid Nõukogude Liidu üle võidu saavutasid,
09:45
When those Mujahideen defeated the Soviet Union,
168
585463
3799
ei tegelenud me enam sellega.
Ja enne veel kui šampanjamullid lahtusid,
09:49
we disengaged.
169
589262
2696
09:51
And even before the fizz had gone out of our celebratory champagne,
170
591958
7089
haaras Taliban Kabulis võimu,
mille peale meil öeldi, et kohalik džihaad pole meie probleem.
09:59
the Taliban had taken over in Kabul,
171
599047
2780
10:01
and we said, "Local jihad, not our problem."
172
601827
3914
Aga siis Taliban andis Kandahari võtmed Osama bin Ladenile
10:05
And then the Taliban gave the keys of Kandahar
173
605741
2726
ja tema tegi sellest meie probleemi.
10:08
to Osama bin Laden. He made it our problem.
174
608467
2536
Kui kohalikku džihaadi ignoreerida saab sellest globaalne džihaad.
10:11
Local jihad, if you ignore it, becomes global jihad again.
175
611003
6281
Nii aga ei pea see tingimata minema.
10:17
The good news is that it doesn't have to be.
176
617284
3607
Teame nüüd, kuidas võidelda.
On olemas vahendid ja oskused,
10:20
We know how to fight it now.
177
620891
2173
saame kasutada seniseid kogemusi globaalse džihaadi vastases võitluses,
10:23
We have the tools. We have the knowhow,
178
623064
2771
10:25
and we can take the lessons we've learned
179
625835
1587
kui võitsime globaalse džihaadi,
10:27
from the fight against global jihad, the victory against global jihad,
180
627422
3901
ning kasutada samu võtteid kohaliku džihaadi lõpetamiseks.
10:31
and apply those to local jihad.
181
631323
3480
Mis õppetunnid need on?
Me teame, kes tappis bin Ladeni:
10:34
What are those lessons? We know who killed bin Laden:
182
634803
4792
SEAL Team Six.
Aga kas teame ja mõistame, kes tegi lõpu binladenismile?
10:39
SEAL Team Six.
183
639595
1935
10:41
Do we know, do we understand, who killed bin Ladenism?
184
641530
4462
Kes tegi lõpu globaalsele džihaadile?
10:45
Who ended the global jihad?
185
645992
3363
See annab ka võtme kohaliku džihaadi seljatamiseks.
10:49
There lie the answers to the solution to local jihad.
186
649355
3371
Kes tegi lõpu binladenismile? Alustame bin Ladenist endast.
10:52
Who killed bin Ladenism? Let's start with bin Laden himself.
187
652726
4278
Ta ilmselt uskus, et 9/11 terrorirünnak oli tema suurim saavutus.
Tegelikult oli see tema lõpu algus.
10:57
He probably thought 9/11 was his greatest achievement.
188
657004
2391
10:59
In reality, it was the beginning of the end for him.
189
659395
4152
Ta tappis 3000 süütut inimest, see täitis
islamimaailma õuduse ja vastumeelsusega,
11:03
He killed 3,000 innocent people, and that filled
190
663547
2872
11:06
the Muslim world with horror and revulsion,
191
666419
4184
mis tähendas, et tema tüüpi džihaad
11:10
and what that meant was that his idea of jihad
192
670603
3193
ei võinud iial saada peavooluks.
Ta taandas end ise marginaalseks hulluks
11:13
could never become mainstream.
193
673796
1579
11:15
He condemned himself to operating on the lunatic fringes
194
675375
3879
omaenda kogukonnas.
11:19
of his own community.
195
679254
4061
9/11 mitte ei tõstnud teda troonile vaid kukutas ta.
11:23
9/11 didn't empower him; it doomed him.
196
683315
5108
Kes tappis binladenismi? See oli Abu Musab al-Zarqawi.
11:28
Who killed bin Ladenism? Abu Musab al-Zarqawi killed it.
197
688423
4818
Ta oli Iraagi Al Qaeda erakordselt sadistlik liider,
saates sadu enesetaputerroriste ründama
11:33
He was the especially sadistic head of al Qaeda in Iraq
198
693241
3193
11:36
who sent hundreds of suicide bombers to attack
199
696434
3321
mitte ameeriklasi vaid iraaklasi,
moslemeid, nii sunnisid kui ka šiiite.
11:39
not Americans but Iraqis. Muslims. Sunni as well as Shiites.
200
699755
6472
Pilt, mille Al Qaeda oli maalinud endast kui islami kaitsjaist
11:46
Any claim that al Qaeda had to being protectors of Islam
201
706227
3968
Lääne ristirüütlite vastu
uputati iraagi moslemite verre.
11:50
against the Western crusaders
202
710195
2843
11:53
was drowned in the blood of Iraqi Muslims.
203
713038
5674
Kes tappis Osama bin Ladeni?
SEAL Team Six.
11:58
Who killed Osama bin Laden? The SEAL Team Six.
204
718712
3403
Kes tappis binladenismi? Al Jazeera.
Al Jazeera ja mitmed araabiakeelsed satelliit uudistekanalid,
12:02
Who killed bin Ladenism? Al Jazeera did,
205
722115
2708
12:04
Al Jazeera and half a dozen other satellite news stations in Arabic,
206
724823
5060
sest nad muutusid palju vaadatavamaks
12:09
because they circumvented the old, state-owned
207
729883
3017
kui vanad riiklikud telekanalid,
12:12
television stations in a lot of these countries
208
732900
3495
mille eesmärk oli pigem info tõkestamine.
Al Jazeera levitas infot ja näitas inimestele,
12:16
which were designed to keep information from people.
209
736395
2992
12:19
Al Jazeera brought information to them, showed them
210
739387
3448
mida religiooni sildi all tegelikult räägiti ja tehti
12:22
what was being said and done in the name of their religion,
211
742835
3397
paljastas Osama bin Ladeni ja Al Qaeda silmakirjalikkuse
12:26
exposed the hypocrisy of Osama bin Laden and al Qaeda,
212
746232
5273
ja pakkus infot, mis võimaldas inimestel teha oma järeldused.
12:31
and allowed them, gave them the information
213
751505
1906
12:33
that allowed them to come to their own conclusions.
214
753411
4493
Kes tappis binladenismi? Araabia kevad,
12:37
Who killed bin Ladenism? The Arab Spring did,
215
757904
3336
sest see näitas noortele moslemitele võimalusi,
12:41
because it showed a way for young Muslims
216
761240
3464
kuidas algatada muutusi viisil,
12:44
to bring about change
217
764704
3848
mida Osama bin Laden oma limiteeritud kujutlusvõimega
poleks iial osanud ettekujutada.
12:48
in a manner that Osama bin Laden, with his
218
768552
1785
12:50
limited imagination, could never have conceived.
219
770337
3663
Kes alistas globaalse džihaadi? Ameerika sõjavägi,
Ameerika sõdurid koos oma liitlastega,
12:54
Who defeated the global jihad? The American military did,
220
774000
3398
võideldes kaugetel lahinguväljadel.
12:57
the American soldiers did, with their allies,
221
777398
2482
12:59
fighting in faraway battlefields.
222
779880
5016
Ehk kunagi saavad nad selle eest ka väljateenitud tunnustuse.
13:04
And perhaps, a time will come when they get the rightful credit for it.
223
784896
5176
Kõik need faktorid ja veel mitmed teised -
praegu ei pruugi neid täielikult mõistagi,
13:10
So all these factors, and many more besides,
224
790072
3057
kõikide nende faktorite summa tõi kaasa
13:13
we don't even fully understand some of them yet,
225
793129
3167
koletisliku binladenismi nurjamise,
13:16
these came together
226
796296
2833
13:19
to defeat a monstrosity as big as bin Ladenism,
227
799129
3791
globaalsele džihaadile lõpu tegemine nõudis ühist pingutust.
13:22
the global jihad, you needed this group effort.
228
802920
3848
Kõik ei pruugi samuti toimida kohaliku džihaadi alistamisel.
Ameerika sõjavägi ei lähe Nigeeriasse,
13:26
Now, not all of these things will work in local jihad.
229
806768
2080
13:28
The American military is not going to march into Nigeria
230
808848
2922
Boko Haramit hävitama.
Samuti on ebatõenäoline, et SEAL Team Six
13:31
to take on Boko Haram,
231
811770
2609
tungib al Shabaabi liidrite kodudesse ja lööks nad maha.
13:34
and it's unlikely that SEAL Team Six will rappel
232
814379
1937
13:36
into the homes of al Shabaab's leaders and take them out.
233
816316
4534
Aga mitmed teised faktorid, mis aitasid kaasa,
13:40
But many of these other factors that were in play
234
820850
3554
on nüüdseks tugevamadki kui varem. Pool tööd on juba tehtud.
13:44
are now even stronger than before. Half the work is already done.
235
824404
5874
Pole vaja hakata jalgratast leiutama.
Vägivaldne džihaad, mis on surmanud rohkem moslemeid
13:50
We don't have to reinvent the wheel.
236
830278
3021
13:53
The notion of violent jihad in which more Muslims are killed
237
833299
3471
kui teisi, on pälvinud täieliku hukkamõistu.
13:56
than any other kind of people is already thoroughly discredited.
238
836770
3576
Seda juurde pole vaja tagasi minna.
14:00
We don't have to go back to that.
239
840346
3616
Satelliittelevisioon ja internet pakuvad noortele moslemitele
14:03
Satellite television and the Internet are informing
240
843962
4034
palju põnevaid uusi võimalusi.
14:07
and empowering young Muslims in exciting new ways.
241
847996
4387
Tänu Araabia kevadele on võimule tulnud uued valitsused,
mitmed neist islamistlikud valitsused,
14:12
And the Arab Spring has produced governments,
242
852383
2625
kes teavad, et püsimajäämiseks
14:15
many of them Islamist governments,
243
855008
3104
tuleb neil enda äärmuslased ette võtta.
14:18
who know that, for their own self-preservation,
244
858112
2965
14:21
they need to take on the extremists in their midsts.
245
861077
5910
Neid pole vaja veenda, kuid neid tuleb aidata,
14:26
We don't need to persuade them, but we do need to help them,
246
866987
2855
sest neil puudub sarnane kogemus.
14:29
because they haven't really come to this place before.
247
869842
5246
Hea uudis aga on taas, et meil on see juba olemas
14:35
The good news, again, is that a lot of the things they need
248
875088
3754
mis neil vaja oleks. Ja me oskame seda jagada:
14:38
we already have, and we are very good at giving:
249
878842
2799
majanduslikku abi - mitte ainult raha vaid ka teadmisi,
14:41
economic assistance, not just money, but expertise,
250
881641
3923
tehnoloogiat, oskusteavet,
erainvesteeringud, aus kaubandus,
14:45
technology, knowhow,
251
885564
2637
14:48
private investment, fair terms of trade,
252
888201
4038
meditsiin, haridus, tehniline abi politsei väljaõppeks,
14:52
medicine, education, technical support for training
253
892239
4210
et muuta politseid efektiivsemaks
14:56
for their police forces to become more effective,
254
896449
3091
ja terrorivastaseid üksusi tõhusamaks.
14:59
for their anti-terror forces to become more efficient.
255
899540
4867
Meil on seda kõike küllaga.
On ka teisi asju, mida nad vajaksid,
15:04
We've got plenty of these things.
256
904407
1414
aga mida me ei oska pakkuda. Võib-olla ei oska seda mitte keegi.
15:05
Some of the other things that they need
257
905821
2293
15:08
we're not very good at giving. Maybe nobody is.
258
908114
3455
Aeg, kannatlikkus, delikaatsus, mõistmine,
15:11
Time, patience, subtlety, understanding --
259
911569
5197
neid on palju raskem anda.
Ma elan praegu New Yorgis.
15:16
these are harder to give.
260
916766
2042
Just sel nädalal on New Yorgi metroosse ilmunud plakatid,
15:18
I live in New York now. Just this week,
261
918808
2377
mis näitavad džihaadi kui metsikust.
15:21
posters have gone up in subway stations in New York
262
921185
2538
15:23
that describe jihad as savage.
263
923723
5726
Siiski ei ole ma nende aastate jooksul, mil olen Lähis-Ida sündmusi kajastanud,
15:29
But in all the many years that I have covered the Middle East,
264
929449
4353
olnud niivõrd lootusrikas kui praegu,
15:33
I have never been as optimistic as I am today
265
933802
3232
et lõhe islami- ja läänemaailma vahel
15:37
that the gap between the Muslim world and the West
266
937034
3663
kahaneb kiiresti.
Üks minu optimismi paljudest põhjustest
15:40
is narrowing fast,
267
940697
2624
on teadmine, et on miljoneid, sadu miljoneid inimesi,
15:43
and one of the many reasons for my optimism
268
943321
1673
15:44
is that, because I know there are millions,
269
944994
3312
selliseid moslemeid nagu too vana imaam Tuneesias
15:48
hundreds of millions of people, Muslims like that old imam
270
948306
3823
kes annavad sellele sõnale tagasi
15:52
in Tunis, who are reclaiming this word
271
952129
6742
selle esialgse ülla tähenduse.
15:58
and restoring to its original, beautiful purpose.
272
958871
5348
Bin Laden on surnud. Binladenism on võidetud.
Tema versiooni džihaadist võib välja visata.
16:04
Bin Laden is dead. Bin Ladenism has been defeated.
273
964219
2616
16:06
His definition of jihad can now be expunged.
274
966835
4381
Sellele džihaadile saab öelda: "Hüvasti. Head teed sul minna."
16:11
To that jihad we can say, "Goodbye. Good riddance."
275
971216
4541
Ja päris džihaadile saame öelda: "Tere tulemast tagasi. Palju edu!"
16:15
To the real jihad we can say, "Welcome back. Good luck."
276
975757
6534
Aitäh.
(Aplaus)
16:22
Thank you. (Applause)
277
982291
3632
Selle veebisaidi kohta

See sait tutvustab teile YouTube'i videoid, mis on kasulikud inglise keele õppimiseks. Näete inglise keele tunde, mida õpetavad tipptasemel õpetajad üle maailma. Iga video lehel kuvatavatel ingliskeelsetel subtiitritel topeltklõpsates saate video sealt edasi mängida. Subtiitrid kerivad video esitamisega sünkroonis. Kui teil on kommentaare või taotlusi, võtke meiega ühendust, kasutades seda kontaktvormi.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7