The future of psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy | Rick Doblin

Translator: Rasmus Mathiesen Reviewer: Jette Thrane

Preparing for this talk has been scarier for me

Det har været mere skræmmende at forberede denne tale

than preparing for LSD therapy.

end at forberede LSD terapi.

(Laughter)

(Latter)

"Psychedelics are to the study of the mind

"Psykedelika er for studiet af sindet

what the microscope is to biology

hvad mikroskopet er for biologien

and the telescope is to astronomy."

og teleskopet for astronomien."

Dr. Stanislav Grof spoke those words.

Dr. Stanislav Grof sagde dette.

He's one of the leading psychedelic researchers in the world,

Han er en af verdens førende forskere i psykedelika,

and he's also been my mentor.

og har også været min mentor.

Today, I'd like to share with you how psychedelics, when used wisely,

I dag vil jeg gerne dele med jer hvordan psykedelika, anvendt med omtanke,

have the potential to help heal us,

potentielt kan hjælpe med at helbrede os,

help inspire us,

inspirere os,

and perhaps even to help save us.

og måske endda redde os.

In the 1950s and 60s,

I 1950'erne og 60'erne

psychedelic research flourished all over the world

trivedes den psykedeliske forskning i hele verden

and showed great promise for the fields of psychiatry,

og viste stort potentiale indenfor psykiatri,

psychology and psychotherapy,

psykologi og psykoterapi,

neuroscience and the study of mystical experiences.

neurovidenskab og studiet af mystiske oplevelser.

But psychedelics leaked out of the research settings

Men de psykedeliske stoffer undslap forskningens rammer

and began to be used by the counterculture,

og blev snart brugt af modkulturen,

and by the anti-Vietnam War movement.

og af protestbevægelsen mod Vietnamkrigen.

And there was unwise use.

Og der var usmart brug, og det medførte et tilbageslag.

And so there was a backlash.

And in 1970, the US government criminalized all uses of psychedelics,

I 1970 kriminaliserede USA's regering al brug af psykedeliske stoffer

and they began shutting down all psychedelic research.

og begyndte at lukke al psykedelisk forskning ned.

And this ban spread all over the world and lasted for decades.

Forbuddet spredte sig over hele verden og varede i årtier.

and it was tragic,

Og dette var en tragedie, for psykedelika er blot værktøj,

since psychedelics are really just tools,

and whether their outcomes are beneficial or harmful

og hvorvidt resultatet er gavnligt eller skadeligt

depends on how they're used.

afhænger af anvendelsen.

Psychedelic means "mind-manifesting,"

Psykedelisk betyder "bevidsthedsåbenbarende",

and it relates to drugs like LSD, psilocybin, mescaline,

og det refererer til stoffer som LSD, psilocybin, meskalin,

iboga and other drugs.

iboga og andre stoffer.

When I was 18 years old,

Da jeg var 18 år gammel

I was a college freshman,

var jeg førsteårsstuderende i college

I was experimenting with LSD and mescaline,

og eksperimenterede med LSD og meskalin,

and these experiences brought me in touch with my emotions.

og disse eksperimenter bragte mig i kontakt med mine følelser.

And they helped me have a spiritual connection

Og de gav mig en en spirituel forbindelse

that unfortunately, my bar mitzvah did not produce.

som min bar mitzva desværre ikke producerede.

(Laughter)

(Latter)

When I wanted to tease my parents,

Når jeg ville drille mine forældre

I would tell them that they drove me to psychedelics

sagde jeg, at de drev mig til psykedelika

because my bar mitzvah had failed to turn me into a man.

fordi min bar mitzva ikke havde formået at gøre mig til en mand.

(Laughter)

(Latter)

But most importantly,

Men vigtigst af alt

psychedelics gave me this feeling of our shared humanity,

gav psykedelika mig en følelse af vores fælles menneskelighed,

of our unity with all life.

af vores enhed med alt liv.

And other people reported that same thing as well.

Og andre mennesker berettede det samme.

And I felt that these experiences had the potential

Og jeg følte at disse oplevelser havde potentialet

to help be an antidote

til at hjælpe som modgift

to tribalism, to fundamentalism, to genocide and environmental destruction.

mod stammetænkning, fundamentalisme, folkemord og miljø-ødelæggelse.

And so I decided to focus my life

Så jeg besluttede at fokusere mit liv

on changing the laws

på at ændre lovgivningen

and becoming a legal psychedelic psychotherapist.

og at blive certificeret psykedelisk psykoterapeut.

(Applause)

(Applaus)

Now, half a century after the ban,

I dag, et halvt århundrede efter forbuddet,

we're in the midst of a global renaissance of psychedelic research.

er vi midt i en global renæssance af psykedelisk forskning.

Psychedelic psychotherapy is showing great promise

Psykedelisk psykoterapi viser stort potentiale

for the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder, or PTSD,

for behandlingen af posttraumatisk stresstilstand, eller PTSD,

depression, social anxiety, substance abuse and alcoholism

depression, social angst, stofmisbrug, alkoholisme

og selvmord.

and suicide.

Psychedelic psychotherapy is an attempt to go after the root causes

Psykedelisk psykoterapi er et forsøg på at gå direkte til problemets rod

of the problems,

with just relatively few administrations,

med relativt få doseringer,

as contrasted to most of the psychiatric drugs used today

i modsætning til størstedelen af det psykiatriske medicin der anvendes i dag

that are mostly just reducing symptoms

der for det meste blot reducerer symptomer

and are meant to be taken on a daily basis.

og er beregnet til dagligt indtag.

Psychedelics are now also being used as tools for neuroscience

Psykedeliske stoffer bliver nu også anvendt af neurovidenskaben

to study brain function

til at studere hjernefunktion

and to study the enduring mystery of human consciousness.

og til at studere det stadige mysterium der er menneskelig bevidsthed.

And psychedelics and the mystical experiences they produce

Og psykedelika og de mystiske oplevelser de producerer

are being explored for their connections between meditation and mindfulness,

undersøges for deres relation til meditation og mindfulness,

including a paper just recently published

blandt andet i en artikel udgivet for nyligt

about lifelong zen meditators taking psilocybin

hvor personer med mange års erfaring i zen meditation tager psilocybin

in the midst of a meditation retreat

under et meditations retræte

and showing long-term benefits and brain changes.

og opnår langtidsholdbare gavnlige effekter og forandringer i hjernen.

Now, how do these drugs work?

Så hvordan virker disse stoffer?

Modern neuroscience research has demonstrated

Moderne neurovidenskab har påvist

that psychedelics reduce activity

at psykedelika reducerer aktiviteten

in what's known as the brain's default mode network.

i hjernens såkaldte "default mode network".

This is where we create our sense of self.

Det er her vi skaber oplevelsen af individualitet.

It's our equivalent to the ego,

Det svarer til egoet,

and it filters all incoming information

og det filtrerer alt indkommende information

according to our personal needs and priorities.

ud fra vores personlige behov og prioriteter.

When activity is reduced in the default mode network,

Når aktiviteten reduceres i "default mode network"

our ego shifts from the foreground to the background,

træder vores ego i baggrunden

and we see that it's just part of a larger field of awareness.

og vi ser, at det blot er en del af et større bevidsthedsfelt.

It's similar to the shift

Det minder om det skift i verdensbillede

that Copernicus and Galileo were able to produce in humanity

som Kopernikus og Galileo satte i gang

using the telescope

ved at bruge teleskopet til at vise,

to show that the earth was no longer the center of the universe,

at jorden ikke er universets centrum,

but was actually something that revolved around the sun,

men i virkeligheden kredser om solen,

something bigger than itself.

noget større end sig selv.

For some people, this shift in awareness

For nogle mennesker er dette skift i bevidsthed den allervigtigste

is the most important

and among the most important experiences of their lives.

eller blandt de allervigtigste oplevelser i deres liv.

They feel more connected to the world bigger than themselves.

De føler sig mere forbundet til verdenen større end dem selv.

They feel more altruistic,

De føler sig mere altruistiske,

and they lose some of their fear of death.

og de mister noget af deres frygt for døden.

Not all drugs work this way.

Ikke alle stoffer har denne effekt.

MDMA, also known as Ecstasy, or Molly,

MDMA, også kendt som Ecstasy eller Molly

works fundamentally different.

virker fundamentalt anderledes.

And I'll be able to share with you the story of Marcela,

Og jeg kan dele Marcelas historie med jer:

who suffered from post-traumatic stress disorder

Hun led af posttraumatisk stress

from a violent sexual assault.

efter et voldsomt seksuelt overfald.

Marcela and I were introduced in 1984,

Marcella og jeg mødte hinanden i 1984

when MDMA was still legal,

mens MDMA stadig var lovligt

but it was beginning also to leak out of therapeutic circles.

men det var også begyndt at slippe ud af de terapeutiske kredse.

Marcela had tried MDMA in a recreational setting,

Marcela havde allerede prøvet MDMA rekreativt

and during that, her past trauma flooded her awareness

og oplevede der at blive overvældet af sine traumer

and it intensified her suicidal feelings.

hvilket forstærkede hendes selvmordsfølelser.

During our first conversation,

Under vores første samtale

I shared that when MDMA is taken therapeutically,

fortalte jeg, at når MDMA anvendes terapeutisk

it can reduce the fear of difficult emotions,

kan det reducere frygten for svære følelser,

and she could help move forward past her trauma.

og hjælpe hende med at overkomme hendes traumer.

I asked her to promise not to commit suicide

Jeg bad hende love, at hun ikke ville begå selvmord

if we were to work together.

mens vi samarbejdede.

She agreed and made that promise.

Hun accepterede og gav løftet.

During her therapeutic sessions,

I løbet af hendes terapisessioner

Marcela was able to process her trauma more fluidly, more easily.

var Marcela lettere og mere flydende i stand til at bearbejde sine traumer.

And yet, she was able to tell

Men alligevel var hun i stand til at fortælle

that the rapist had told her that if she ever shared her story,

at voldtægtsmanden havde sagt, at hvis hun nogensinde fortalte noget

he would kill her.

ville han slå hende ihjel.

And she realized that that was keeping her a prisoner in her own mind.

Og hun indså, at dette holdt hende mentalt fanget.

So being able to share the story

Så det, at hun kunne dele historien

and experience the feelings and the thoughts in her mind

og opleve følelserne og tankerne i hendes sind

satte hende fri,

freed her,

and she was able to decide

og hun kunne nu beslutte,

that she wanted to move forward with her life.

at hun var klar til at lægge det bag sig.

And in that moment,

Og i det øjeblik

I realized that MDMA could be very effective for treating PTSD.

indså jeg at MDMA kunne være meget effektivt til at behandle PTSD.

Now, 35 years later, after Marcela's treatment,

I dag, 35 år efter Marcelas behandling,

she's actually a therapist,

er hun faktisk selv terapeut,

training other therapists to help people overcome PTSD with MDMA.

og uddanner andre terapeuter i at hjælpe folk med PTSD ved brug af MDMA.

Now, how does MDMA work?

Så, hvordan virker MDMA?

How did MDMA help Marcela?

Hvordan hjalp MDMA Marcela?

People who have PTSD have brains that are different

Mennesker med PTSD har anderledes hjerner

from those of us who don't have PTSD.

end os der ikke har PTSD.

They have a hyperactive amygdala, where we process fear.

De har en hyperaktiv amygdala, det sted vi håndterer frygt.

They have reduced activity in the prefrontal cortex,

De har reduceret aktivitet i den præfrontale cortex

where we think logically.

hvor vi tænker logisk.

And they have reduced activity in the hippocampus,

Og de har reduceret aktivitet i hippocampus,

where we store memories into long-term storage.

hvor vi flytter minder ind i vores langtidsopbevaring.

MDMA changes the brain in the opposite way.

MDMA ændrer hjernen lige modsat.

MDMA reduces activity in the amygdala,

MDMA reducerer aktiviteten i amygdala,

increases activity in the prefrontal cortex

øger aktiviteten i den præfrontale cortex,

and increases connectivity between the amygdala and the hippocampus

og øger forbindelsen mellem amygdala og hippocampus

to remit traumatic memories to move into long-term storage.

for at tillade traumatiske minder at komme i langtidsopbevaring.

Recently, researchers at Johns Hopkins published a paper in "Nature,"

For nylig udgav forskere ved Johns Hopkins en artikel i "Nature"

in which they demonstrated that MDMA releases oxytocin,

hvor de påviste, at MDMA frigiver oxytocin,

the hormone of love and nurturing.

kærligheds og omsorgshormonet.

The same researchers also did studies in octopuses,

De samme forskere har også studeret blæksprutter,

who are normally asocial, unless it's mating season.

der normalt er asociale uden for parringstiden.

Men tænk engang, når man giver dem MDMA

But lo and behold, you give them MDMA,

and they become prosocial.

bliver de prosociale.

(Laughter)

(Latter)

Several months after Marcela and I worked together,

Adskillige måneder efter mit samarbejde med Marcela

the Drug Enforcement Administration moved to criminalize Ecstasy,

vedtog USA's 'Drug Enforcement Administration'

at kriminalisere Ecstasy, uden kendskab til dets terapeutiske anvendelse.

having no knowledge of its therapeutic use.

So I went to Washington,

Så jeg tog til Washington,

and I went into the headquarters of the Drug Enforcement Administration,

og henvendte mig til DEA's hovedkvarter,

and I filed a lawsuit demanding a hearing,

og lagde sag an og forlangte en høring,

at which psychiatrists and psychotherapists

hvor psykiatere og psykoterapeuter

would be able to present information about therapeutic use of MDMA

kunne fremlægge information om den terapeutiske anvendelse af MDMA

to try to keep it legal.

i et forsøg på at undgå forbuddet.

And in the middle of the hearing, the DEA freaked out,

Og midt i høringen flippede DEA ud,

declared an emergency

erklærede en nødssituation,

and criminalized all uses of MDMA.

og kriminaliserede al brug af MDMA.

And so the only way that I could see to bring it back

Den eneste måde jeg kunne se man kunne bringe det tilbage

was through science, through medicine

var gennem videnskab, lægevidenskaben

and through the FDA drug development process.

og FDA's proces for udvikling af nye lægemidler.

So in 1986, I started MAPS

Så i 1986 grundlagde jeg MAPS

as a nonprofit psychedelic pharmaceutical company.

som et nonprofit psykedelisk farmaceutisk firma.

It took us 30 years, till 2016,

Det tog os 30 år, indtil 2016,

to develop the data that we needed to present to FDA

at indsamle de data vi havde brug for at fremlægge for FDA

to request permission to move into the large-scale Phase 3 studies

for at anmode om tilladelse til undersøgelsesfase 3

that are required to prove safety and efficacy

som er påkrævet for at bevise sikkerhed og virkekraft

before you get approval for prescription use.

før man får tilladelse til anvendelse efter recept.

Tony was a veteran in one of our pilot studies.

Tony var en krigsveteran i et af vores pilotprojekter

According to the Veterans Administration,

Ifølge "Veterans Administration“

er over en million krigsveteraner handicappet af PTSD

there's over a million veterans now disabled with PTSD.

And at least 20 veterans a day are committing suicide,

Og mindst 20 krigsveteraner begår selvmord hver dag,

many of them from PTSD.

mange som følge af PTSD.

The treatment that Tony was to receive was three and a half months long.

Den behandling Tony skulle igennem var 3½ måned lang.

But during that period of time,

Men i denne periode

he would only get MDMA on three occasions,

skulle han kun indtage MDMA tre gange,

separated by 12, 90-minute non-drug psychotherapy sessions,

adskilt af 12 stoffrie terapisessioner på 90 minutter,

three before the first MDMA session for preparation

Tre før den første MDMA session som forberedelse

and three after each MDMA session for integration.

og tre efter hver MDMA session for at integrere oplevelsen.

We call our treatment approach "inner-directed therapy,"

Vi kalder vores behandlingstilgang "indefra-dirigeret terapi"

in that we support the patient to experience whatever's emerging

og støtter patienten i at opleve hvad end der dukker op

within their minds or their bodies.

i deres sind og krop.

Even with MDMA, this is hard work.

Selv med MDMA er dette hårdt arbejde.

And a lot of our subjects have said,

Mange af vores testpersoner har sagt,

"I don't know why they call this Ecstasy."

"Jeg ved ikke hvorfor de kalder det ekstase."

(Laughter)

(Latter)

During Tony's first MDMA session,

Under Tonys første MDMA session

he lay on the couch, he had eyeshades on,

lå han på sofaen med øjenmaske på,

he listened to music,

han lyttede til musik,

and he would speak to the therapists,

og snakkede med terapeuterne,

who were a male-female co-therapy team,

som var én mand og én kvinde,

whenever he felt that he needed to.

når han følte behov for det.

Efter adskillige timer,

After several hours,

in a moment of calmness and clarity,

i et øjebliks stilhed og klarhed,

Tony shared that he had realized

delte Tony, at han havde indset

his PTSD was a way of connecting him to his friends.

at hans PTSD var en form for forbindelse til hans venner.

It was a way of honoring the memory of his friends who had died.

Det var en måde at ære mindet om hans venner der var omkommet.

But he was able to shift and see himself through the eyes of his dead friends.

Men han var i stand til at se sig selv gennem sine afdøde venners øjne.

And he realized that they would not want him to suffer,

Og det gik op for ham, at de ikke ønskede han skulle lide,

to squander his life.

eller spilde hans liv.

They would want him to live more fully,

De ville ønske at han levede fuldt ud,

which they were unable to do.

sådan som de ikke kunne.

And so he realized that there was a new way to honor their memory,

Så det gik op for ham at der var en ny måde at ære deres minde,

which was to live as fully as possible.

nemlig at leve fuldt og helt.

He also realized that he was telling himself a story

Han indså også, at han fortalte sig selv

that he was taking opiates for pain.

at han tog opiater pga. smerte

But actually, he realized, he was taking them for escape.

Men han indså at han faktisk tog dem for at flygte.

So he decided he didn't need the opiates anymore,

Så han beslutttede at han ikke havde brug for opiater mere,

he didn't need the MDMA anymore,

han havde ikke brug for mere MDMA,

and he was dropping out of the study.

og han stoppede som testperson.

That was seven years ago.

Det er nu syv år siden.

Tony is still free of PTSD,

Tony er stadig fri for PTSD,

has never returned to opiates

vendte aldrig tilbage til opiater

and is helping others less fortunate than himself in Cambodia.

og hjælper i dag mindre velstillede end ham selv i Cambodia.

(Applause)

(Applaus)

The data that we presented to FDA

De data vi fremlagde for FDA

from 107 people in our pilot studies, including Tony,

fra 107 mennesker i vores pilotprojekt, inklusiv Tony,

showed that 23 percent of the people that received therapy without active MDMA

viste at 23 procent af dem der modtog terapi men ikke MDMA

no longer had PTSD at the end of treatment.

ikke længere havde PTSD ved behandlingens afslutning.

This is really pretty good for this patient population.

Det er et ret godt resultat i denne patientgruppe.

However, when you add MDMA,

Men, når man tilføjer MDMA,

the results more than double, to 56 percent no longer having PTSD.

mere end fordobles resultatet, og 56 procent har ikke længere PTSD.

(Applause)

(Applaus)

But most importantly,

Men vigtigst af alt,

once people learn that if they don't need to suppress their trauma,

så snart folk ved at de ikke behøver at undertrykke deres traumer

but they can process it,

men at de kan bearbejde dem,

they keep getting better on their own.

får de det bedre og bedre på egen hånd.

So at the 12-month follow-up one year after the last treatment session,

Så ved opfølgningen ét år efter den sidste behandling

two-thirds no longer have PTSD.

har to tredjedele ikke længere PTSD.

And of the one-third that do,

Og af den tredjedel der har,

many have clinically significant reductions in symptoms.

er der mange med klinisk signifikant reduktion af symptomer.

(Applause)

(Applaus)

On the basis of this data,

På baggrund af disse data

the FDA has declared MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for PTSD

har FDA erklæret MDMA-assisteret psykoterapi målrettet PTSD

a breakthrough therapy.

et terapeutisk gennembrud.

FDA has also declared psilocybin a breakthrough therapy

FDA har også erklæret psilocybin et terapeutisk gennembrud.

for treatment-resistant depression

for behandlingsresistent depression

and just recently approved esketamine for depression.

og godkendte for nylig eskatemin for depression.

I'm proud to say that we have now initiated our Phase 3 studies.

Jeg kan med stolthed sige, at vi nu har indledt undersøgelsesfase 3.

And if the results are as we hope,

Og hvis resultaterne er som vi håber,

and if they're similar to the Phase 2 studies,

og hvis de ligner dem fra Fase 2,

by the end of 2021, FDA will approve MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for PTSD.

vil FDA godkende MDMA-assisteret psykoterapi for PTSD ved udgangen af 2021.

If approved,

Hvis det godkendes,

the only therapists who will be able to directly administer it to patients

vil de eneste teraputer der kan adminstrere til patienter

are going to be therapists that have been through our training program,

være teraputer der har gennemført vores træningsprogram,

and they will only be able to administer MDMA

og de vil kun administrere MDMA

under direct supervision in clinic settings.

under direkte supervision i kliniske omgivelser.

Vi forventer at der over de næste årtier,

We anticipate that over the next several decades,

there will be thousands of psychedelic clinics established,

vil blive etableret tusinder af psykedeliske klinikker,

at which, therapists will be able to administer MDMA,

hvor terapeuter kan administrere MDMA,

psilocybin, ketamin og andre psykedelika,

psilocybin, ketamine and other psychedelics

to potentially millions of patients.

til potentielt millioner af patienter.

These clinics can also evolve into centers where people can come

Disse klinikker kan også udvikle sig til centre hvor folk kan komme

for psychedelic psychotherapy for personal growth,

for psykedelisk psykoterapi, for personlig udvikling,

for couples therapy

for parterapi,

or for spiritual, mystical experiences.

eller for spirituelle, mystiske oplevelser.

Humanity now is in a race between catastrophe and consciousness.

Menneskeheden er nu i et kapløb mellem katastrofe og bevidsthed.

The psychedelic renaissance is here to help consciousness triumph.

Den psykedeliske renæssance er her for at støtte bevidstheden til sejr.

And now, if you all just look under your seats ...

Og nu, hvis I alle tager et kig under jeres sæder...

Just joking!

Jeg laver sjov!

(Laughter)

(Latter)

Thank you.

Tak skal I have.

(Applause)

(Applaus)

(Laughter)

(Latter)

(Applause)

(Applaus)

Thank you.

Tak.

(Applause)

(Applaus)

Corey Hajim: Du bliver nødt til at blive her i et minut.

Corey Hajim: You've got to stay up here for a minute.

Thank you so much, Rick.

Tusind tak, Rick.

I guess it's a supportive audience.

Du lader til at have publikums opbakning.

Rick Doblin: Yes, very.

Rick Doblin: Det må man sige.

Many of them have also been to Burning Man.

Mange af dem har også været til Burning Man.

(Laughter)

(Latter)

CH: There's some synergy.

CH: Der er noget synergi der.

RD: (Laughs)

RD: (Ler)

CH: So, in your talk, you talked about using these drugs

CH: I din præsentation talte du om at bruge disse stoffer

to address some pretty serious traumas.

til at behandle nogen rimelig alvorlige traumer.

So what about some more common mental illnesses

Så hvad med nogen mere almindelige psykiske sygdomme

som angst og depression,

like anxiety and depression,

and is that where microdosing comes in?

er det her mikrodoseringer kommer ind i billedet?

RD: Well, microdosing can be helpful for depression,

RD: Mikrodoseringer kan hjælpe ved depression,

I do know someone that has been using it.

jeg kender nogen der har brugt det.

But in general, for therapeutic purposes,

Men generelt, i terapeutisk øjemed,

we prefer macro-dosing rather than microdosing,

foretrækker vi makrodosering frem for mikrodosering

in order to really help people deal with the root causes.

for virkelig at hjælpe folk med at behandle problemets rod.

Microdosing is more for creativity,

Mikrodosering er mere for kreativitet,

for artistic inspiration,

for kunstnerisk inspiration,

for focus ...

for øget fokus...

And it also does have a mood-elevation lift.

Og det løfter også humøret.

But I think for serious illnesses,

Men ved alvorlig sygdom mener jeg,

we'd rather not get people thinking that they need a daily drug,

at folk ikke skal tro de har brug for daglig medicinering,

but do more deeper, intense work.

men i stedet dybere, mere intensivt arbejde.

CH: And what about outside the United States and North America,

CH: Og hvad med uden for USA og nordamerika,

is this research being done there?

foretager I undersøgelser der?

RD: Oh yeah, we're globalizing.

RD: Ja, vi er ved at globalisere.

Our Phase 3 studies are actually being done

Undersøgelsesfase 3 finder faktisk sted

in Israel, Canada and the United States.

i Israel, Canada og USA.

So once we get approval in FDA,

Så snart FDA godkender det,

it will also become approved in Israel and in Canada.

vil det også være godkendt i Israel og Canada.

We're just starting research in Europe.

Vi har lige startet undersøgelser i Europa.

And we're actually going to be training some therapists from China.

Og vi kommer til at træne nogle terapeuter fra Kina.

CH: Udmærket.

CH: That's great.

Vi ville have lavet en publikumsafstemning,

We were going to do an audience vote

to see if people felt like this was a good idea

for at se om folk synes det er en god idé

to move forward with this research or not,

at fortsætte undersøgelserne eller ej,

but I have a feeling I know the answer to that, so ...

Men jeg har på fornemmelsen, at jeg kender svaret, så...

Thank you so much, Rick.

Tusind tak, Rick.

RD: Thank you. Thank you all.

RD: Tak. Tak til jer alle.

(Applause)

(Applaus)