The future of psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy | Rick Doblin

396,712 views ・ 2019-08-09

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Robin Shin κ²€ν† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:13
Preparing for this talk has been scarier for me
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제겐 였늘 κ°•μ—° μ€€λΉ„κ°€ LSD 치료 쀀비보닀 겁이 λ‚¬μ–΄μš”.
00:16
than preparing for LSD therapy.
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00:19
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
00:21
"Psychedelics are to the study of the mind
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"ν™˜κ°μ œλŠ” λ§ˆμŒμ„ μ—°κ΅¬ν•˜λŠ” 데 μžˆμ–΄
00:24
what the microscope is to biology
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μƒλ¬Όν•™μ—μ„œ ν˜„λ―Έκ²½
00:27
and the telescope is to astronomy."
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μ²œλ¬Έν•™μ—μ„œ λ§μ›κ²½μ˜ μ—­ν• κ³Ό κ°™λ‹€."
00:30
Dr. Stanislav Grof spoke those words.
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μŠ€νƒ€λ‹ˆμŠ¬λΌλΈŒ κ·Έλ‘œν”„ λ°•μ‚¬μ˜ λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:33
He's one of the leading psychedelic researchers in the world,
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κ·Έλ‘œν”„ λ°•μ‚¬λŠ” ν™˜κ° 연ꡬ에 μžˆμ–΄ 세계적인 κΆŒμœ„μžμ΄μž
00:36
and he's also been my mentor.
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제 μŠ€μŠΉμ΄μ‹œκΈ°λ„ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:38
Today, I'd like to share with you how psychedelics, when used wisely,
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였늘 μ œκ°€ λ“œλ¦΄ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°λŠ” ν™˜κ°μ œκ°€ μ˜¬λ°”λ₯΄κ²Œ μ‚¬μš©λμ„λ•Œ
00:43
have the potential to help heal us,
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μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 우리λ₯Ό μΉ˜λ£Œν•˜κ³ 
00:46
help inspire us,
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ν™œκΈ°λ₯Ό μ£Όλ©°
00:48
and perhaps even to help save us.
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λ‚˜μ•„κ°€ 우리λ₯Ό 살릴 수 μžˆλŠ”μ§€μ— κ΄€ν•œ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:51
In the 1950s and 60s,
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1950λ…„λŒ€μ™€ 1960λ…„λŒ€μ—λŠ”
00:53
psychedelic research flourished all over the world
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μ „ μ„Έκ³„μ μœΌλ‘œ ν™˜κ° 연ꡬ가 꽃을 ν”Όμ› κ³ 
00:56
and showed great promise for the fields of psychiatry,
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λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ λΆ„μ•Όμ—μ„œ λˆˆλΆ€μ‹  μž₯λž˜κ°€ κΈ°λŒ€λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
μ •μ‹  μ˜ν•™, 심리학, 심리 치료, μ‹ κ²½ κ³Όν•™ λΆ„μ•ΌλŠ” λ¬Όλ‘ 
00:59
psychology and psychotherapy,
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01:01
neuroscience and the study of mystical experiences.
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μ΄ˆμžμ—°μ  κ²½ν—˜ 연ꡬ에 이λ₯΄κΈ°κΉŒμ§€ 말이죠.
01:05
But psychedelics leaked out of the research settings
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ ν™˜κ°μ œκ°€ 연ꡬ싀 λ°–μœΌλ‘œ μƒˆμ–΄λ‚˜κ°€
01:08
and began to be used by the counterculture,
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λ°˜λ¬Έν™” 및 λ² νŠΈλ‚¨ λ°˜μ „μš΄λ™μ— 쓰이기 μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:11
and by the anti-Vietnam War movement.
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01:14
And there was unwise use.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‹€ ν™˜κ°μ œ μ˜€λ‚¨μš©μ΄ λ°œμƒν–ˆκ³ 
01:16
And so there was a backlash.
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그에 λ”°λ₯Έ 반발이 μΌμ–΄λ‚¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:18
And in 1970, the US government criminalized all uses of psychedelics,
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κ·Έλ¦¬ν•˜μ—¬ 1970λ…„ λ―Έκ΅­μ •λΆ€λŠ”
λͺ¨λ“  ν˜•νƒœμ˜ ν™˜κ°μ œ λ³΅μš©μ„ λ²•μœΌλ‘œ κΈˆμ§€ν•˜κ³ 
01:23
and they began shutting down all psychedelic research.
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ν™˜κ°μ œ 연ꡬλ₯Ό λͺ¨λ‘ μ€‘λ‹¨μ‹œμΌ°μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:27
And this ban spread all over the world and lasted for decades.
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ κ·œμ œλŠ” μ „μ„Έκ³„λ‘œ ν™•μ‚°λ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ‹­ λ…„κ°„ μ§€μ†λμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:30
and it was tragic,
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λΉ„κ·Ήμ΄μ—ˆμ£ .
01:32
since psychedelics are really just tools,
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ν™˜κ°μ œλŠ” κ·Έμ € 도ꡬ일 λΏμ΄μ—μš”.
01:34
and whether their outcomes are beneficial or harmful
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κ²°κ³Όκ°€ μ΄λ‘œμš°λƒ ν•΄λ‘œμš°λƒλŠ”
01:37
depends on how they're used.
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도ꡬλ₯Ό μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠλƒμ— 달린 κ±°μ£ .
01:40
Psychedelic means "mind-manifesting,"
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ν™˜κ°μ„ λœ»ν•˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ 사이킀델릭은
"마음이 λ“œλŸ¬λ‚œλ‹€"λŠ” 뜻으둜
01:46
and it relates to drugs like LSD, psilocybin, mescaline,
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ν•΄λ‹Ή μ•½λ¬Όμ—λŠ” LSDλ‚˜ μ‹€λ‘œμ‹œλΉˆ, λ©”μŠ€μΉΌλ¦°, 이보가 등이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:54
iboga and other drugs.
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01:57
When I was 18 years old,
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μ œκ°€ 18μ‚΄μ΄λ˜
01:59
I was a college freshman,
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λŒ€ν•™κ΅ 1ν•™λ…„ λ•Œ
02:02
I was experimenting with LSD and mescaline,
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LSD와 λ©”μŠ€μΉΌλ¦°μœΌλ‘œ μ‹€ν—˜μ„ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:05
and these experiences brought me in touch with my emotions.
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κ·Έ κ³Όμ •μ—μ„œ 제 감정을 λ§ˆμ£Όν–ˆκ³ 
02:09
And they helped me have a spiritual connection
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영적 ꡐ감을 κ²½ν—˜ν•˜κΈ°λ„ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:12
that unfortunately, my bar mitzvah did not produce.
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μ•ˆνƒ€κΉκ²Œλ„ μœ λŒ€κ΅ 성년식 λ•ŒλŠ” λŠλΌμ§€ λͺ»ν•œ κ²ƒμ΄μ—ˆμ£ .
02:16
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
02:18
When I wanted to tease my parents,
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λΆ€λͺ¨λ‹˜μ„ 놀리고 싢을 λ•Œλ©΄
02:20
I would tell them that they drove me to psychedelics
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λΆ€λͺ¨λ‹˜μ΄ μ €λ₯Ό ν™˜κ°μ œμ˜ μ„Έκ³„λ‘œ μ΄λŒμ—ˆλ‹€κ³  λ§ν•˜κ³€ ν•˜λŠ”λ°μš”.
02:23
because my bar mitzvah had failed to turn me into a man.
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성년식이 μ €λ₯Ό λ‚¨μžλ‘œ λ§Œλ“œλŠ”λ° μ‹€νŒ¨ν–ˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ£ .
02:27
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
02:29
But most importantly,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ κ°€μž₯ μ€‘μš”ν•œ 것은
02:31
psychedelics gave me this feeling of our shared humanity,
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ν™˜κ°μ œλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•΄ μ œκ°€ λŠλ‚€ 것듀이
인λ₯˜μ• , 삢에 λŒ€ν•œ 결속감 같은 κ°μ •μ΄μ—ˆλ‹€λŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:34
of our unity with all life.
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02:37
And other people reported that same thing as well.
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λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€ μ—­μ‹œ 이런 감정을 λŠκΌˆλ‹€κ³  λ³΄κ³ λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:39
And I felt that these experiences had the potential
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μ „ 이런 κ²½ν—˜λ“€μ΄ 잠재적으둜
02:43
to help be an antidote
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λ‹€μŒ λ¬Έμ œλ“€μ„ ν•΄κ²°ν•˜λŠ”λ° 도움이 될 수 μžˆλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:46
to tribalism, to fundamentalism, to genocide and environmental destruction.
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λΆ€μ‘±μ£Όμ˜, μ›λ¦¬μ£Όμ˜, 집단학살, ν™˜κ²½ 파괴 문제 λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:51
And so I decided to focus my life
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ €λŠ” 제 삢을
02:54
on changing the laws
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법을 λ°”κΎΈκ³ 
02:56
and becoming a legal psychedelic psychotherapist.
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합법적인 ν™˜κ° 심리 μΉ˜λ£Œμ‚¬κ°€ λ˜λŠ” 데 λ°”μΉ˜κΈ°λ‘œ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:00
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
03:04
Now, half a century after the ban,
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ν™˜κ°μ œκ°€ κΈˆμ§€λœ ν›„λ‘œ 반 μ„ΈκΈ°κ°€ μ§€λ‚œ μ§€κΈˆ,
03:06
we're in the midst of a global renaissance of psychedelic research.
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ν™˜κ° μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” μ „ 세계적인 λΆ€ν₯기에 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:10
Psychedelic psychotherapy is showing great promise
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ν™˜κ° 심리 치료의 λ―Έλž˜λŠ” μ•„μ£Ό λ°μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:13
for the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder, or PTSD,
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외상 ν›„ 슀트레슀μž₯μ•  즉, PTSD와
03:18
depression, social anxiety, substance abuse and alcoholism
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우울증, λΆˆμ•ˆ μž₯μ• , μ•½λ¬Ό λ‚¨μš©, μ•Œμ½œ 쀑독,
03:24
and suicide.
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μžμ‚΄ μΉ˜λ£Œμ— μžˆμ–΄μ„œ 말이죠.
03:25
Psychedelic psychotherapy is an attempt to go after the root causes
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ν™˜κ° 심리 μΉ˜λ£ŒλŠ”
문제λ₯Ό μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜λŠ” κ·Όλ³Έ 원인을 μ°ΎλŠ”λ°
03:29
of the problems,
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03:30
with just relatively few administrations,
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μ†ŒλŸ‰μ˜ 약물을 ν•¨κ»˜ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” 치료 λ°©λ²•μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:33
as contrasted to most of the psychiatric drugs used today
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μ΄λŠ” μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚  정신과에 μ‚¬μš©λ˜λŠ” μ•½λ¬Ό μš”λ²•κ³Ό λŒ€μ‘°μ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:37
that are mostly just reducing symptoms
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λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„ λ‹¨μˆœνžˆ 증상을 κ²½κ°μ‹œν‚€κ³ 
03:40
and are meant to be taken on a daily basis.
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맀일 λ³΅μš©ν•΄μ•Ό ν•˜μ£ .
03:45
Psychedelics are now also being used as tools for neuroscience
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ν™˜κ°μ œλŠ” μ‹ κ²½ 과학에도 μ‚¬μš©λ˜μ–΄
03:49
to study brain function
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λ‡ŒκΈ°λŠ₯을 μ—°κ΅¬ν•˜κ³ 
03:50
and to study the enduring mystery of human consciousness.
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늘 수수께끼둜 여겨진 인간 μ˜μ‹μ„ μ—°κ΅¬ν•˜λŠ”λ° μ΄μš©λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:55
And psychedelics and the mystical experiences they produce
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그리고 ν™˜κ°μ œμ™€ 그에 λ”°λ₯Έ μ‹ λΉ„ν•œ κ²½ν—˜λ“€μ΄
03:58
are being explored for their connections between meditation and mindfulness,
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λͺ…상 및 λ§ˆμŒμ±™κΉ€κ³Ό μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ—°κ΄€λ˜λŠ”μ§€ 연ꡬ μ€‘μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:02
including a paper just recently published
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졜근 λ°œν‘œν•œ λ…Όλ¬Έμ—μ„œλŠ”
04:04
about lifelong zen meditators taking psilocybin
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평생 참선을 ν•΄ 온 λͺ…상가듀이
λͺ…상 수련 쀑간에 μ‹€λ‘œμ‹œλΉˆμ„ λ³΅μš©ν–ˆμ„ λ•Œ
04:08
in the midst of a meditation retreat
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04:10
and showing long-term benefits and brain changes.
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μž₯기적인 효과 및 λ‡Œ λ³€ν™”κ°€ μΌμ–΄λ‚œλ‹€λŠ” 것을 λ³΄μ—¬μ£Όμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:15
Now, how do these drugs work?
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약물듀이 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μž‘μš©ν•˜λŠ” κ±ΈκΉŒμš”?
04:17
Modern neuroscience research has demonstrated
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졜근 μ‹ κ²½ κ³Όν•™ μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œ
04:19
that psychedelics reduce activity
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ν™˜κ°μ œκ°€ λ‡Œλ‚΄ ν™œλ™μ„ μ–΅μ œν•œλ‹€λŠ” 것이 증λͺ…λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:22
in what's known as the brain's default mode network.
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λ””ν΄λ“œ λͺ¨λ“œ λ„€νŠΈμ›Œν¬λΌ μΌμ»«λŠ” ν™œλ™ 말이죠.
04:24
This is where we create our sense of self.
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λ””ν΄νŠΈ λͺ¨λ“œ λ„€νŠΈμ›Œν¬λ₯Ό 톡해 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 슀슀둜λ₯Ό κ°κ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:28
It's our equivalent to the ego,
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μžμ•„λΌκ³  ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:30
and it filters all incoming information
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그리고 이 λ„€νŠΈμ›Œν¬λŠ” μ™ΈλΆ€μ—μ„œ μœ μž…λ˜λŠ” 정보λ₯Ό
04:32
according to our personal needs and priorities.
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개인적인 μš°μ„  μˆœμœ„μ™€ ν•„μš”μ„±μ— 따라 κ±ΈλŸ¬λƒ…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:36
When activity is reduced in the default mode network,
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λ””ν΄νŠΈ λͺ¨λ“œ λ„€νŠΈμ›Œν¬ ν™œμ„±μ΄ μ €ν•˜λ˜λ©΄
04:39
our ego shifts from the foreground to the background,
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우리 μžμ•„λŠ” 잘 λ³΄μ΄λŠ” μ•žλΆ€λΆ„μ—μ„œ 보이지 μ•ŠλŠ” λ’·λΆ€λΆ„μœΌλ‘œ μ΄λ™ν•˜κ²Œ 되고
04:44
and we see that it's just part of a larger field of awareness.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μžμ•„κ°€ 더 큰 μ˜μ‹ μ˜μ—­μ˜ 일뢀일 λΏμ΄λΌλŠ” κ±Έ μ•Œκ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:49
It's similar to the shift
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λΉ„μŠ·ν•œ 예λ₯Ό 듀어보죠.
04:51
that Copernicus and Galileo were able to produce in humanity
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μ½”νŽ˜λ₯΄λ‹ˆμΏ μŠ€μ™€ κ°ˆλ¦΄λ ˆμ˜€λŠ” 인λ₯˜μ—κ²Œ λ³€ν™”λ₯Ό κ°€μ Έμ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:54
using the telescope
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그듀은 망원경을 μ΄μš©ν•΄
04:55
to show that the earth was no longer the center of the universe,
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지ꡬ가 우주의 쀑심이 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
05:00
but was actually something that revolved around the sun,
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νƒœμ–‘ μ£Όμœ„λ₯Ό κ³΅μ „ν•˜λŠ” λ¬Όμ²΄λΌλŠ” 사싀을 λ°ν˜”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:03
something bigger than itself.
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지ꡬ보닀 더 큰 물체 λ§μ΄μ—μš”.
05:06
For some people, this shift in awareness
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μ–΄λ–€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ—κ²Œ 이런 μ˜μ‹μ˜ λ³€ν™”λŠ”
05:09
is the most important
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μ•„μ£Ό μ€‘μš”ν•˜κ³ 
05:11
and among the most important experiences of their lives.
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μ‚΄λ©΄μ„œ κ°€μ§ˆ 수 μžˆλŠ” κ°€μž₯ 값진 κ²½ν—˜μ— μ†ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:14
They feel more connected to the world bigger than themselves.
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μžμ‹ λ³΄λ‹€ 더 큰 세상과 더 κ°€κΉκ²Œ μ†Œν†΅ν•¨μ„ λŠλ‚λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:18
They feel more altruistic,
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이타심을 더 느끼고
05:20
and they lose some of their fear of death.
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μ£½μŒμ— λŒ€ν•œ 곡포도 쑰금 사라지죠.
05:24
Not all drugs work this way.
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λͺ¨λ“  약물이 μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ μž‘μš©ν•˜μ§€λŠ” μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:26
MDMA, also known as Ecstasy, or Molly,
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MDMAλŠ” μ—‘μŠ€ν„°μ‹œ λ˜λŠ” λͺ°λ¦¬λΌκ³ λ„ λΆˆλ¦¬λŠ”λ°
05:30
works fundamentally different.
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μž‘μš© 기전이 근본적으둜 λ‹€λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:31
And I'll be able to share with you the story of Marcela,
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ—κ²Œ 마λ₯΄μ…€λΌ 이야기λ₯Ό ν•΄λ“œλ¦΄ 수 μžˆκ² λ„€μš”.
05:34
who suffered from post-traumatic stress disorder
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κ·Έλ…€λŠ” λ”μ°ν•œ μ„±ν­ν–‰μœΌλ‘œ 인해
05:37
from a violent sexual assault.
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외상 ν›„ 슀트레슀 μž₯μ• (PTSD)λ₯Ό κ²ͺκ³  μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:40
Marcela and I were introduced in 1984,
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마λ₯΄μ…€λΌλ₯Ό 처음 μ•Œκ²Œ 된 건 1984λ…„μ΄μ—ˆκ³ 
05:44
when MDMA was still legal,
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MDMAκ°€ λ²•μ μœΌλ‘œ κΈˆμ§€λ˜κΈ° μ „μ΄μ—ˆμ§€λ§Œ
05:46
but it was beginning also to leak out of therapeutic circles.
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μ—­μ‹œ μΉ˜λ£Œμ‹€μ—μ„œ μƒˆμ–΄λ‚˜κ°€κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμ£ .
05:50
Marcela had tried MDMA in a recreational setting,
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마λ₯΄μ…€λΌλŠ” κΈ°λΆ„ μ „ν™˜μ„ μœ„ν•΄ MDMAλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:54
and during that, her past trauma flooded her awareness
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그러자 과거의 νŠΈλΌμš°λ§ˆκ°€ μ˜μ‹μ„ μž₯μ•…ν–ˆκ³ 
05:58
and it intensified her suicidal feelings.
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κ°•ν•œ μžμ‚΄ 좩동이 μΌμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:03
During our first conversation,
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우리의 첫 λŒ€ν™”μ—μ„œ
06:04
I shared that when MDMA is taken therapeutically,
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μ €λŠ” MDMAλ₯Ό 치료 λͺ©μ μœΌλ‘œ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λ©΄
06:08
it can reduce the fear of difficult emotions,
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νž˜λ“  감정듀에 λŒ€ν•œ 곡포λ₯Ό 쀄여쀄 수 μžˆλ‹€κ³  μ•Œλ €μ€¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:12
and she could help move forward past her trauma.
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그리고 κ·Έλ…€λ₯Ό νŠΈλΌμš°λ§ˆμ—μ„œ λ²—μ–΄λ‚˜ μ•žμœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜μ•„κ°ˆ 수 μžˆμ„ κ±°λΌκ³ μš”
06:15
I asked her to promise not to commit suicide
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μ €λŠ” κ·Έλ…€μ—κ²Œ ν•œ 가지 λΆ€νƒν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
μš°λ¦¬κ°€ ν•¨κ»˜ μž‘μ—…ν•˜κ²Œ 되면 μžμ‚΄ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šκ² λ‹€κ³  약속해달라고 말이죠.
06:19
if we were to work together.
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06:21
She agreed and made that promise.
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마λ₯΄μ…€λΌλŠ” 이 약속에 λ™μ˜ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:25
During her therapeutic sessions,
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치료λ₯Ό λ°›λŠ” λ™μ•ˆ
06:27
Marcela was able to process her trauma more fluidly, more easily.
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마λ₯΄μ…€λΌλŠ” 트라우마λ₯Ό 더 μœ μ—°ν•˜κ³  μ‰½κ²Œ μ²˜λ¦¬ν•  수 μžˆμ—ˆκ³ 
06:33
And yet, she was able to tell
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강간범이 κ·Έλ…€μ—κ²Œ ν–ˆλ˜ 말도 치료 μ‹œκ°„μ— μ–˜κΈ°ν•  수 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:36
that the rapist had told her that if she ever shared her story,
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이 일을 μž…λ°–μ— λ‚΄λ©΄ μ£½μ—¬λ²„λ¦¬κ² λ‹€κ³ μš”.
06:40
he would kill her.
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06:41
And she realized that that was keeping her a prisoner in her own mind.
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그리고 κ·Έλ…€λŠ” κΉ¨λ‹¬μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
슀슀둜λ₯Ό 마음 속에 κ°€λ‘” 것이 κ·Έ λ§μ΄μ—ˆλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμ„μš”.
06:46
So being able to share the story
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마λ₯΄μ…€λΌλŠ” κ·Έ 이야기λ₯Ό κ³΅μœ ν•˜κ³ 
06:48
and experience the feelings and the thoughts in her mind
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마음 속 감정과 생각을 κ²½ν—˜ν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ¨
06:53
freed her,
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μžμœ λ‘œμ›Œμ§ˆ 수 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:54
and she was able to decide
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그리고 μ•žμœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜μ•„κ°€κ² λ‹€κ³  κ²°μ‹¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:55
that she wanted to move forward with her life.
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06:58
And in that moment,
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κ·Έ λ•Œ μ €λŠ” μƒκ°ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:59
I realized that MDMA could be very effective for treating PTSD.
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MDMAκ°€ PTSD μΉ˜λ£Œμ— 맀우 효과적일 κ±°λΌλŠ” κ±Έμš”.
07:04
Now, 35 years later, after Marcela's treatment,
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치료λ₯Ό 받은 지 35년이 μ§€λ‚œ ν˜„μž¬
07:08
she's actually a therapist,
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마λ₯΄μ…€λΌλŠ” μΉ˜λ£Œμ‚¬κ°€ λ˜μ–΄
07:11
training other therapists to help people overcome PTSD with MDMA.
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λ‹€λ₯Έ μΉ˜λ£Œμ‚¬λ“€μ—κ²Œ
MDMAλ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•œ PTSD μΉ˜λ£Œλ²•μ„ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:17
Now, how does MDMA work?
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그럼 MDMA은 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μž‘μš©ν• κΉŒμš”?
07:20
How did MDMA help Marcela?
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MDMAλŠ” μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 마λ₯΄μ…€λΌλ₯Ό μΉ˜λ£Œν•  수 μžˆμ—ˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
07:22
People who have PTSD have brains that are different
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PTSDκ°€ μžˆλŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμ˜ λ‡ŒλŠ” 그렇지 μ•Šμ€ μ‚¬λžŒμ˜ λ‡Œμ™€ λ‹€λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:25
from those of us who don't have PTSD.
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07:28
They have a hyperactive amygdala, where we process fear.
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곡포λ₯Ό μ²˜λ¦¬ν•˜λŠ” 뢀뢄인 νŽΈλ„μ²΄κ°€ κ³Όν™œμ„±λ˜μ–΄ 있고,
07:31
They have reduced activity in the prefrontal cortex,
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μ „μ „λ‘μ—½ν”Όμ§ˆμ˜ ν™œμ„±λ„λŠ” λ–¨μ–΄μ Έ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:35
where we think logically.
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논리적인 사고λ₯Ό λ‹΄λ‹Ήν•˜λŠ” 뢀뢄이죠.
07:37
And they have reduced activity in the hippocampus,
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그리고 ν•΄λ§ˆμ˜ ν™œμ„±λ„ λ–¨μ–΄μ§€λŠ”λ°
07:39
where we store memories into long-term storage.
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이 곳은 단기 기얡을 μž₯κΈ° κΈ°μ–΅μœΌλ‘œ μ €μž₯ν•˜λŠ” κ³³μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:43
MDMA changes the brain in the opposite way.
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MDMAλŠ” 이런 λ‘λ‡Œ 상황을 λ°˜λŒ€λ‘œ λ°”κΏ‰λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:47
MDMA reduces activity in the amygdala,
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MDMAλŠ” νŽΈλ„μ²΄ ν™œμ„±μ„ 쀄이고
07:50
increases activity in the prefrontal cortex
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μ „μ „λ‘μ—½ν”Όμ§ˆμ΄ 더 ν™œμ„±ν™”λ˜λ„λ‘ ν•˜λ©°
07:53
and increases connectivity between the amygdala and the hippocampus
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νŽΈλ„μ²΄μ™€ ν•΄λ§ˆμ˜ 연결을 κ°•ν™”μ‹œμΌœ
07:57
to remit traumatic memories to move into long-term storage.
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νŠΈλΌμš°λ§ˆκ°€ λ˜λŠ” 기얡듀을 μž₯κΈ° κΈ°μ–΅ μ €μž₯μ†Œλ‘œ λ³΄λƒ…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:01
Recently, researchers at Johns Hopkins published a paper in "Nature,"
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졜근 μ‘΄μŠ€ν™‰ν‚¨μŠ€ λŒ€ν•™ 연ꡬ진이 'λ„€μ΄μ²˜'지에 λ°œν‘œν•œ 논문에 λ”°λ₯΄λ©΄
08:06
in which they demonstrated that MDMA releases oxytocin,
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MDMAλŠ” μ˜₯μ‹œν† μ‹ μ„ λΆ„λΉ„μ‹œν‚΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:09
the hormone of love and nurturing.
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μ‚¬λž‘κ³Ό λ³΄μ‚΄ν•Œμ˜ 호λ₯΄λͺ¬ 말이죠.
08:12
The same researchers also did studies in octopuses,
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같은 연ꡬ진이 λ¬Έμ–΄λ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•΄ μ‹€ν—˜μ„ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:15
who are normally asocial, unless it's mating season.
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λ¬Έμ–΄λŠ” 보톡 λ°˜μ‚¬κ΅μ μ΄μ£ .
짝짓기 μ‹œκΈ°λ₯Ό λΉΌλ©΄μš”.
08:20
But lo and behold, you give them MDMA,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λ†€λžκ²Œλ„ MDMAλ₯Ό νˆ¬μ—¬ν•˜μž
08:22
and they become prosocial.
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사ꡐ적인 동물이 λ˜μ—ˆλ‹΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:24
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
08:27
Several months after Marcela and I worked together,
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마λ₯΄μ…€λΌμ™€ μ œκ°€ ν•¨κ»˜ μž‘μ—…ν•œ 지 λͺ‡ 달이 μ§€λ‚˜μž
08:30
the Drug Enforcement Administration moved to criminalize Ecstasy,
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λ§ˆμ•½λ‹¨μ†κ΅­μ€ μ—‘μŠ€ν„°μ‹œλ₯Ό λΆˆλ²•μœΌλ‘œ κ°„μ£Όν•˜κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:34
having no knowledge of its therapeutic use.
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치료 νš¨κ³Όμ— λŒ€ν•œ μ΄ν•΄λŠ” μ „ν˜€ μ—†μ—ˆμ£ .
08:37
So I went to Washington,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ €λŠ” μ›Œμ‹±ν„΄μœΌλ‘œ κ°”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:39
and I went into the headquarters of the Drug Enforcement Administration,
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λ§ˆμ•½λ‹¨μ†κ΅­ λ³ΈλΆ€λ‘œ μ°Ύμ•„κ°€
08:42
and I filed a lawsuit demanding a hearing,
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청문회λ₯Ό μš”κ΅¬ν•˜λŠ” μ†Œμ†‘μ„ μ œκΈ°ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:45
at which psychiatrists and psychotherapists
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μ²­λ¬ΈνšŒμ—μ„œ μ •μ‹ κ³Ό μ˜μ‚¬μ™€ 심리 μΉ˜λ£Œμ‚¬κ°€
08:48
would be able to present information about therapeutic use of MDMA
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MDMA의 치료 νš¨κ³Όμ— κ΄€ν•œ 정보λ₯Ό μ œκ³΅ν•΄
08:51
to try to keep it legal.
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합법적인 μ•½λ¬Όλ‘œ 남겨 놓기 μœ„ν•΄μ„œμ˜€μ£ .
08:54
And in the middle of the hearing, the DEA freaked out,
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청문회 도쀑 λ§ˆμ•½λ‹¨μ†κ΅­μ€ 깜짝 놀라며
08:56
declared an emergency
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λΉ„μƒμ‚¬νƒœλ₯Ό μ„ ν¬ν•˜κ³ 
08:59
and criminalized all uses of MDMA.
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MDMA의 λͺ¨λ“  μ‚¬μš©μ„ λ²•μœΌλ‘œ κΈˆμ§€μ‹œμΌ°μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:02
And so the only way that I could see to bring it back
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μ œκ°€ 봀을 λ•Œ MDMAλ₯Ό ν•©λ²•ν™”ν•˜λŠ” μœ μΌν•œ 방법은
09:05
was through science, through medicine
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κ³Όν•™κ³Ό μ˜ν•™μ„ μ΄μš©ν•΄
09:07
and through the FDA drug development process.
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μ‹ν’ˆ μ˜μ•½κ΅­ μ‹ μ•½ 개발 과정을 λ°ŸλŠ” κ²ƒμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:10
So in 1986, I started MAPS
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ €λŠ” 1986λ…„, 맡슀(MAPS)λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:13
as a nonprofit psychedelic pharmaceutical company.
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ν™˜κ°μ œλ₯Ό λ§Œλ“œλŠ” λΉ„μ˜λ¦¬ μ œμ•½νšŒμ‚¬μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:17
It took us 30 years, till 2016,
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30년이 μ§€λ‚˜
2016년이 λ˜μ–΄μ„œμ•Ό μ‹ν’ˆ μ˜μ•½κ΅­μ— μ œμ‹œν•  자료λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€μ–΄
09:20
to develop the data that we needed to present to FDA
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09:24
to request permission to move into the large-scale Phase 3 studies
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λŒ€κ·œλͺ¨ μž„μƒ 3상 연ꡬ 진행 ν—ˆκ°€λ₯Ό μš”μ²­ν•  수 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:28
that are required to prove safety and efficacy
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μž„μƒ 3상 μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” μ•ˆμ „μ„±κ³Ό νš¨μœ¨μ„±μ„ 증λͺ…ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ μš”κ΅¬λ˜λŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ
09:31
before you get approval for prescription use.
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처방 λͺ©μ μœΌλ‘œ μ‚¬μš©μ΄ κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜λ‹€λŠ” μŠΉμΈμ„ μ–»κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ ν•„μš”ν•œ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:34
Tony was a veteran in one of our pilot studies.
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ν† λ‹ˆλŠ” 저희 μ„ ν–‰ 연ꡬ에 μ°Έμ—¬ν•œ 재ν–₯κ΅°μΈμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:38
According to the Veterans Administration,
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재ν–₯κ΅°μΈνšŒμ— λ”°λ₯΄λ©΄ 수백만이 λ„˜λŠ” 재ν–₯ꡰ인이
09:41
there's over a million veterans now disabled with PTSD.
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PTSD둜 고톡받고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:44
And at least 20 veterans a day are committing suicide,
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ν•˜λ£¨μ—λ§Œ μžμ‚΄ν•˜λŠ” 재ν–₯ꡰ인 μˆ˜κ°€ μ΅œμ†Œ 20λͺ…이고
09:48
many of them from PTSD.
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κ·Έ 쀑 μƒλ‹Ήμˆ˜λŠ” PTSD λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:51
The treatment that Tony was to receive was three and a half months long.
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ν† λ‹ˆμ˜ 치료 기간은 석 달 λ°˜μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:56
But during that period of time,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ κ·Έ κΈ°κ°„λ™μ•ˆ
09:57
he would only get MDMA on three occasions,
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ν† λ‹ˆλŠ” MDMAλ₯Ό λ”± μ„Έ 번 λ³΅μš©ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:00
separated by 12, 90-minute non-drug psychotherapy sessions,
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약물을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ” 심리 치료λ₯Ό 각 90λΆ„κ°„ 12번 κ°€μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:04
three before the first MDMA session for preparation
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첫 MDMA λ³΅μš©μ— μ•žμ„œ μ€€λΉ„ κ³Όμ •μœΌλ‘œ μ„Έ 번의 심리 치료λ₯Ό κ°€μ‘Œκ³ 
10:07
and three after each MDMA session for integration.
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MDMA λ³΅μš©μ‹œλ§ˆλ‹€ ν†΅ν•©μΉ˜λ£Œλ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ 심리 치료λ₯Ό 3νšŒμ”© κ°€μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:11
We call our treatment approach "inner-directed therapy,"
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μ €ν¬λŠ” 이런 μΉ˜λ£Œλ°©μ‹μ„ 'λ‚΄λ©΄ 지ν–₯적 치료'라고 λΆ€λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:15
in that we support the patient to experience whatever's emerging
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ν™˜μžκ°€ λͺΈμ™€ λ§ˆμŒμ—μ„œ μΌμ–΄λ‚˜λŠ” λͺ¨λ“  것을 κ²½ν—˜ν•˜λ„λ‘ μ§€μ§€ν•˜λŠ” 것이죠.
10:19
within their minds or their bodies.
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10:23
Even with MDMA, this is hard work.
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MDMAλ₯Ό λ³΅μš©ν•˜λ”λΌλ„ 이것은 νž˜λ“  κ³Όμ •μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:26
And a lot of our subjects have said,
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λ§Žμ€ ν”Όμ‹€ν—˜μžλ“€μ΄ λ§ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:28
"I don't know why they call this Ecstasy."
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"μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 이걸 μ—‘μŠ€ν„°μ‹œ(황홀)이라고 λΆ€λ₯΄λŠ” 이유λ₯Ό λͺ¨λ₯΄κ² μ–΄μš”."
10:30
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
10:32
During Tony's first MDMA session,
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첫 번째 MDMA λ³΅μš©κΈ°κ°„ λ™μ•ˆ
10:34
he lay on the couch, he had eyeshades on,
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ν† λ‹ˆλŠ” μ•ˆλŒ€λ₯Ό ν•˜κ³  μ†ŒνŒŒμ— λˆ„μ›Œ
10:37
he listened to music,
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μŒμ•…μ„ λ“£κ³ 
10:39
and he would speak to the therapists,
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심리 μΉ˜λ£Œμ‚¬λ“€κ³Ό μ–˜κΈ°λ₯Ό ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:41
who were a male-female co-therapy team,
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그듀은 남성과 여성이 골고루 κ΅¬μ„±λœ 곡동 μΉ˜λ£ŒνŒ€μ΄μ—ˆμ£ .
10:43
whenever he felt that he needed to.
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ν† λ‹ˆλŠ” ν•„μš”ν•  λ•Œλ©΄ μ–Έμ œλ“  μΉ˜λ£Œμ‚¬μ™€ μ–˜κΈ°ν•  수 μžˆμ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
10:46
After several hours,
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λͺ‡ μ‹œκ°„ ν›„
10:47
in a moment of calmness and clarity,
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μ°¨λΆ„ν•˜κ³  λͺ…λ£Œν•΄μ§€λŠ” μˆœκ°„μ΄ μ°Ύμ•„μ™”κ³ 
10:50
Tony shared that he had realized
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ν† λ‹ˆλŠ” 깨달은 것을 μ–˜κΈ°ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:54
his PTSD was a way of connecting him to his friends.
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PTSDκ°€ μžμ‹ κ³Ό μΉœκ΅¬λ“€μ„ μ—°κ²°ν•˜λŠ” λ°©λ²•μ΄μ—ˆλ‹€λŠ” 것을 λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:59
It was a way of honoring the memory of his friends who had died.
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죽은 μΉœκ΅¬λ“€κ³Όμ˜ 좔얡을 κΈ°λ¦¬λŠ” λ°©λ²•μ΄μ—ˆλ˜ 것이죠.
11:04
But he was able to shift and see himself through the eyes of his dead friends.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ ν† λ‹ˆλŠ” μ˜μ‹μ„ λ°”κΏ”
죽은 μΉœκ΅¬λ“€μ˜ μ‹œμ„ μœΌλ‘œ μžμ‹ μ„ λ³΄μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:08
And he realized that they would not want him to suffer,
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그리고 κΉ¨λ‹¬μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
μΉœκ΅¬λ“€μ€ ν† λ‹ˆκ°€ νž˜λ“€μ–΄ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜ 인생을 ν—ˆλΉ„ν•˜κΈ°λ₯Ό μ›μΉ˜ μ•ŠλŠ”λ‹€λŠ” κ±Έμš”.
11:11
to squander his life.
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11:12
They would want him to live more fully,
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μΉœκ΅¬λ“€μ€ ν† λ‹ˆκ°€ 삢을 μΆ©λΆ„νžˆ λˆ„λ¦¬λ©° μ‚΄κΈΈ λ°”λž€λ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμ„μš”.
11:14
which they were unable to do.
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비둝 μžμ‹ λ“€μ€ κ·ΈλŸ¬μ§€ λͺ»ν–ˆμ§€λ§Œ λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:16
And so he realized that there was a new way to honor their memory,
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ν† λ‹ˆλŠ” μΉœκ΅¬λ“€μ„ κΈ°λ¦¬λŠ” μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 방법이 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ•Œκ²Œ λμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:20
which was to live as fully as possible.
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μ΅œμ„ μ„ λ‹€ν•΄ 인생을 μ˜¨μ „νžˆ μ‚΄μ•„λ‚΄λŠ” 것 λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:23
He also realized that he was telling himself a story
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ν† λ‹ˆλŠ” κ·Έκ°„ μŠ€μŠ€λ‘œμ—κ²Œ μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ λ§ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:26
that he was taking opiates for pain.
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λͺΈμ΄ μ•„νŒŒμ„œ μ•„νŽΈμ„ λ³΅μš©ν•˜λŠ” κ±°μ•Ό.
11:29
But actually, he realized, he was taking them for escape.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 사싀 μ•„νŽΈμ„ 도피 μˆ˜λ‹¨μœΌλ‘œ μ‚Όμ•„μ™”λ‹€λŠ” 것을 κΉ¨λ‹¬μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:32
So he decided he didn't need the opiates anymore,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ ν† λ‹ˆλŠ” 더 이상 μ•„νŽΈλ„,
11:35
he didn't need the MDMA anymore,
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MDMA도 ν•„μš”μΉ˜ μ•Šλ‹€λŠ” κ±Έ κΉ¨λ‹«κ³ 
11:37
and he was dropping out of the study.
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연ꡬ μ°Έμ—¬λ₯Ό μ€‘λ‹¨ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:39
That was seven years ago.
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이게 7λ…„ μ „ μΌμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:41
Tony is still free of PTSD,
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ν† λ‹ˆλŠ” ν˜„μž¬κΉŒμ§€ PTSDλ₯Ό κ²ͺ지 μ•Šμ•˜κ³ 
11:43
has never returned to opiates
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μ•„νŽΈμ„ λ‹€μ‹œ λ³΅μš©ν•˜λŠ” 일도 μ—†μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:46
and is helping others less fortunate than himself in Cambodia.
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μ§€κΈˆμ€ μΊ„λ³΄λ””μ•„μ—μ„œ 어렀움에 μ²˜ν•œ 이듀을 돕고 있죠.
11:50
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
11:55
The data that we presented to FDA
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저희가 μ‹ν’ˆ μ˜μ•½κ΅­μ— μ œμΆœν•œ 자료 λ‚΄μš©μ€ μ΄λŸ¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:58
from 107 people in our pilot studies, including Tony,
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ν† λ‹ˆλ₯Ό λΉ„λ‘―ν•΄ μ„ ν–‰ 연ꡬ에 μ°Έμ—¬ν•œ 107λͺ… κ°€μš΄λ°
12:01
showed that 23 percent of the people that received therapy without active MDMA
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MDMAλ₯Ό λ³΅μš©ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šκ³  치료λ₯Ό 받은 ν™˜μž 23%μ—μ„œ
12:07
no longer had PTSD at the end of treatment.
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μΉ˜λ£Œκ°€ 끝날 λ•Œμ―€ PTSDλ₯Ό 보이지 μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:10
This is really pretty good for this patient population.
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이것은 ν™˜μž 인ꡬλ₯Ό 생각해볼 λ•Œ μƒλ‹Ήνžˆ μœ μ˜λ―Έν•œ κ²°κ³Όμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:13
However, when you add MDMA,
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그런데 MDMAλ₯Ό λ³‘ν–‰ν•œ 경우
12:15
the results more than double, to 56 percent no longer having PTSD.
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2λ°° μ΄μƒμ˜ 수치인 56%μ—μ„œ PTSDκ°€ μ‚¬λΌμ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:21
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
12:24
But most importantly,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ κ°€μž₯ μ€‘μš”ν•œ 것은
12:25
once people learn that if they don't need to suppress their trauma,
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 트라우마λ₯Ό μ–΅λˆ„λ₯΄μ§€ μ•Šμ•„λ„ λœλ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ•ŒκΈ°λ§Œ ν•˜λ©΄
12:29
but they can process it,
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트라우마λ₯Ό μ²˜λ¦¬ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:30
they keep getting better on their own.
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슀슀둜 계속 μ’‹μ•„μ§ˆ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:32
So at the 12-month follow-up one year after the last treatment session,
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λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰ 치료 κ³Όμ •μœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„° 1년이 μ§€λ‚˜ μ‹œν–‰ν•œ 후속 ν‰κ°€μ—μ„œ
12:36
two-thirds no longer have PTSD.
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ν™˜μžμ˜ 2/3κ°€ 더 이상 PTSDλ₯Ό κ²ͺ지 μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:39
And of the one-third that do,
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1/3은 아직 κ²ͺκ³  μžˆμ§€λ§Œ
12:41
many have clinically significant reductions in symptoms.
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λ§Žμ€ ν™˜μžλ“€μ˜ 증상이 μž„μƒμ μœΌλ‘œ ν˜„μ €ν•˜κ²Œ κ°μ†Œν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:45
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
12:49
On the basis of this data,
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이 자료λ₯Ό 기반으둜
12:51
the FDA has declared MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for PTSD
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μ‹ν’ˆ μ˜μ•½κ΅­μ€ MDMA 보쑰 심리 μΉ˜λ£Œκ°€
PTSD μΉ˜λ£Œμ— λŒνŒŒκ΅¬κ°€ 될 것이라 λ°ν˜”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:55
a breakthrough therapy.
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12:57
FDA has also declared psilocybin a breakthrough therapy
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μ‹€λ‘œμ‹œλΉˆ μ—­μ‹œ
치료 μ €ν•­μ„± μš°μšΈμ¦μ— νƒμ›”ν•œ μΉ˜λ£Œκ°€ 될 것이라 λ°ν˜”κ³ 
13:01
for treatment-resistant depression
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13:03
and just recently approved esketamine for depression.
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μ΅œκ·Όμ—λŠ” μ—μŠ€μΌ€νƒ€λ―Όμ„ 우울증 치료제둜 μŠΉμΈν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:08
I'm proud to say that we have now initiated our Phase 3 studies.
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μ €ν¬λŠ” μž„μƒ 3상 연ꡬ에 이제 막 μ°©μˆ˜ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:14
And if the results are as we hope,
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κ²°κ³Όκ°€ λ°”λΌλŠ” λŒ€λ‘œ λ‚˜μ˜€κ³ 
13:17
and if they're similar to the Phase 2 studies,
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κ·Έ κ²°κ³Όκ°€ μž„μƒ 2상 연ꡬ와 μœ μ‚¬ν•˜λ‹€λ©΄
13:19
by the end of 2021, FDA will approve MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for PTSD.
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2021λ…„ λ§μ—λŠ” μ‹ν’ˆ μ˜μ•½κ΅­μ—μ„œ
MDMA 보쑰 μ •μ‹ μΉ˜λ£Œλ₯Ό PTSD 치료둜 μŠΉμΈν•  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:25
If approved,
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승인이 λ‚˜λ©΄
13:27
the only therapists who will be able to directly administer it to patients
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ν™˜μžμ—κ²Œ 직접 약물을 νˆ¬μ—¬ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” μœ μΌν•œ μΉ˜λ£Œμ‚¬λŠ”
13:31
are going to be therapists that have been through our training program,
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저희 ꡐ윑 ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨μ„ 거친 μΉ˜λ£Œμ‚¬λ“€μΌ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:34
and they will only be able to administer MDMA
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λ˜ν•œ MDMA νˆ¬μ—¬λŠ” μ² μ €ν•œ κ΄€λ¦¬ν•˜μ—
13:36
under direct supervision in clinic settings.
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μ§„λ£Œμ‹€ μ•ˆμ—μ„œλ§Œ μ΄λ£¨μ–΄μ§ˆ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:41
We anticipate that over the next several decades,
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μ €ν¬λŠ” ν–₯ν›„ 수 μ‹­ λ…„ μ•ˆμ—
수 천 개의 ν™˜κ° 클리닉이 μ„Έμ›Œμ Έ
13:45
there will be thousands of psychedelic clinics established,
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13:48
at which, therapists will be able to administer MDMA,
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μΉ˜λ£Œμ‚¬κ°€ MDMA, μ‹€λ‘œμ‹œλΉˆ, 케타민을 ν¬ν•¨ν•œ λ‹€λ₯Έ ν™˜κ°μ œλ₯Ό
13:52
psilocybin, ketamine and other psychedelics
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13:55
to potentially millions of patients.
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μ•½ 수 λ°± 만 λͺ…μ˜ ν™˜μžμ—κ²Œ νˆ¬μ—¬ν•  것이라 μ˜ˆμƒν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:58
These clinics can also evolve into centers where people can come
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이런 클리닉듀이 ν™˜κ° 심리 치료 μ„Όν„°λ‘œ λ°œμ „ν•΄
14:03
for psychedelic psychotherapy for personal growth,
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μžμ•„ μ„±μž₯μ΄λ‚˜
14:06
for couples therapy
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μ»€ν”Œ 심리 치료,
14:08
or for spiritual, mystical experiences.
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영적, μ΄ˆμžμ—°μ  κ²½ν—˜μ„ λͺ©μ μœΌλ‘œ λ°©λ¬Έν•  μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμ„ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:12
Humanity now is in a race between catastrophe and consciousness.
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인λ₯˜λŠ” ν˜„μž¬ μž¬μ•™κ³Ό μ˜μ‹ μ‚¬μ΄μ—μ„œ 달리기 μ€‘μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:20
The psychedelic renaissance is here to help consciousness triumph.
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ν™˜κ°μ œμ˜ λΆ€ν₯κΈ°λŠ” μ˜μ‹μ˜ 승리λ₯Ό 돕기 μœ„ν•΄ μ‘΄μž¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:26
And now, if you all just look under your seats ...
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이제 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ“€ 의자 밑을 ν•œλ²ˆ λ³΄μ‹œλ©΄
14:30
Just joking!
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λ†λ‹΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€!
14:31
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
14:32
Thank you.
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κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:33
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
14:35
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
14:36
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
14:41
Thank you.
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κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:42
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
14:48
Corey Hajim: You've got to stay up here for a minute.
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아직 λ‚΄λ €κ°€μ‹œλ©΄ μ•ˆλΌμš”.
14:50
Thank you so much, Rick.
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κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€, λ¦­.
14:52
I guess it's a supportive audience.
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관객 뢄듀이 μ•„μ£Ό μ κ·Ήμ μ΄μ—μš”.
14:54
Rick Doblin: Yes, very.
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λ„€, μ—„μ²­μš”.
λ‹€λ“€ 버닝맨 μΆ•μ œμ— λ‹€λ…€μ˜€μ…¨λ‚˜λ΄μš”.
14:57
Many of them have also been to Burning Man.
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14:59
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
15:01
CH: There's some synergy.
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μ‹œλ„ˆμ§€κ°€ λŠκ»΄μ§€λŠ”λ°μš”.
15:03
RD: (Laughs)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
15:04
CH: So, in your talk, you talked about using these drugs
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였늘 κ°•μ—°μ—μ„œ ν™˜κ°μ œλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•΄μ„œ
15:08
to address some pretty serious traumas.
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μ‹¬κ°ν•œ 트라우마λ₯Ό 닀룬닀고 ν•˜μ…¨λŠ”λ°μš”.
15:10
So what about some more common mental illnesses
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그럼 μ’€ 더 ν”ν•œ μ§ˆν™˜μ˜ κ²½μš°λŠ” μ–΄λ–¨κΉŒμš”?
15:14
like anxiety and depression,
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λΆˆμ•ˆ μž₯μ• λ‚˜ μš°μšΈμ¦μ²˜λŸΌμš”.
15:15
and is that where microdosing comes in?
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μ†ŒλŸ‰ μ•½λ¬Ό νˆ¬μ—¬κ°€ κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ κ²½μš°μΈκ°€μš”?
15:18
RD: Well, microdosing can be helpful for depression,
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λ„€, μ†ŒλŸ‰ μ•½λ¬Ό νˆ¬μ—¬κ°€ μš°μšΈμ¦μ— 도움이 될 수 있고
15:21
I do know someone that has been using it.
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κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ‹  뢄을 μ•Œκ³  μžˆμ–΄μš”.
15:23
But in general, for therapeutic purposes,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 일반적으둜 치료 λͺ©μ μ„ μœ„ν•΄μ„œ
15:26
we prefer macro-dosing rather than microdosing,
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μ €ν¬λŠ” μ†ŒλŸ‰ νˆ¬μ—¬λ³΄λ‹€ λ‹€λŸ‰ νˆ¬μ—¬λ₯Ό μ„ ν˜Έν•˜λŠ” νŽΈμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:29
in order to really help people deal with the root causes.
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근본적인 원인을 λ‹€λ€„μ„œ μ œλŒ€λ‘œ ν™˜μžλ“€μ„ λ„μšΈ 수 있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ£ .
15:32
Microdosing is more for creativity,
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μ†ŒλŸ‰ νˆ¬μ—¬λŠ” 창의λ ₯μ΄λ‚˜
15:35
for artistic inspiration,
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예술적인 영감,
15:37
for focus ...
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집쀑λ ₯ ν–₯상에 도움이 되고
15:38
And it also does have a mood-elevation lift.
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κΈ°λΆ„ ν–₯μƒμ˜ 역할을 ν•˜κΈ°λ„ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:42
But I think for serious illnesses,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 제 생각에 μ‹¬κ°ν•œ μ§ˆν™˜μ˜ 경우
15:43
we'd rather not get people thinking that they need a daily drug,
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ν™˜μžκ°€ 맀일 약을 λ³΅μš©ν•΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€κ³  λŠλΌμ§€ μ•Šλ„λ‘ ν•˜λŠ” 게 μ’‹μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:47
but do more deeper, intense work.
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그보닀 깊이 νŒŒκ³ λ“œλŠ” 집쀑적인 μž‘μ—…μ΄ ν•„μš”ν•˜μ£ .
15:49
CH: And what about outside the United States and North America,
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그러면 λ―Έκ΅­ 및 뢁미 지역 λ°”κΉ₯ 사정은 μ–΄λ–»μŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
15:53
is this research being done there?
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λ‹€λ₯Έ λ‚˜λΌμ—μ„œλ„ 연ꡬ가 진행 μ€‘μΈκ°€μš”?
15:55
RD: Oh yeah, we're globalizing.
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λ„€, κ΅­μ œν™” λ…Έλ ₯ μ€‘μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:57
Our Phase 3 studies are actually being done
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저희 μž„μƒ 3상 연ꡬ가 μ‹€μ œλ‘œ
16:00
in Israel, Canada and the United States.
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μ΄μŠ€λΌμ—˜, μΊλ‚˜λ‹€, λ―Έκ΅­μ—μ„œ 진행 쀑이고
16:02
So once we get approval in FDA,
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일단 μ‹ν’ˆ μ˜μ•½κ΅­ μŠΉμΈμ„ λ°›κ²Œ 되면
16:04
it will also become approved in Israel and in Canada.
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μ΄μŠ€λΌμ—˜κ³Ό μΊλ‚˜λ‹€μ—μ„œλ„ 승인 ν—ˆκ°€κ°€ λ‚  κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:07
We're just starting research in Europe.
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μœ λŸ½μ—μ„œλŠ” 이제 막 연ꡬλ₯Ό μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆκ³ 
16:10
And we're actually going to be training some therapists from China.
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쀑ꡭ μΆœμ‹  μΉ˜λ£Œμ‚¬λ“€μ„ κ΅μœ‘ν•  μ˜ˆμ •μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:15
CH: That's great.
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λŒ€λ‹¨ν•˜κ΅°μš”.
16:16
We were going to do an audience vote
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관객 νˆ¬ν‘œλ₯Ό ν•  μ˜ˆμ •μ΄μ—ˆλŠ”λ°μš”.
μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ“€μ€ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λŠλΌμ‹œλŠ”μ§€,
16:18
to see if people felt like this was a good idea
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이 연ꡬ가 λ°œμ „ κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ 쒋은 생각인지 μ•„λ‹Œμ§€ 말이죠.
16:20
to move forward with this research or not,
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16:22
but I have a feeling I know the answer to that, so ...
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그런데 μ œκ°€ 보기에 닡은 정해진 것 κ°™λ„€μš”.
16:25
Thank you so much, Rick.
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κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€, λ¦­.
16:27
RD: Thank you. Thank you all.
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κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€, μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„.
16:28
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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