The future of psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy | Rick Doblin

412,379 views ใƒป 2019-08-09

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: Zeeva Livshitz ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Liat Atlas
00:13
Preparing for this talk has been scarier for me
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ื”ื”ื›ื ื•ืช ืœืฉื™ื—ื” ื–ื• ื”ืคื—ื™ื“ื• ืื•ืชื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ
00:16
than preparing for LSD therapy.
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ืžืืฉืจ ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ ืืœ ืืก ื“ื™.
00:19
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
00:21
"Psychedelics are to the study of the mind
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"ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืชื ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืคืกื™ื›ื“ืœื™ื™ื ืœื—ืงืจ ื”ืžื™ื™ื ื“
00:24
what the microscope is to biology
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ื›ืžื•ื”ื ื›ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ืงืจื•ืกืงื•ืค ืœื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”,
00:27
and the telescope is to astronomy."
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ื•ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ืœืกืงื•ืค ืœืืกื˜ืจื•ื ื•ืžื™ื”".
00:30
Dr. Stanislav Grof spoke those words.
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ืกื˜ื ื™ืกืœื‘ ื’ืจื•ืฃ ื”ื•ื ืžื™ ืฉืืžืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืœื”.
00:33
He's one of the leading psychedelic researchers in the world,
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ื”ื•ื ืื—ื“ ื”ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ื”ืคืกื™ื›ื“ืœื™ื™ื ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื,
00:36
and he's also been my mentor.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื’ื ื”ื™ื” ื”ืžื ื˜ื•ืจ ืฉืœื™.
00:38
Today, I'd like to share with you how psychedelics, when used wisely,
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ื”ื™ื•ื ืืชืืจ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื, ืื™ืš ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืคืกื™ื›ื“ืœื™ื, ื›ืฉื ืขืฉื” ื‘ื”ื ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืžื•ืฉื›ืœ,
00:43
have the potential to help heal us,
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ื’ืœื•ื ื”ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืจืคื ืื•ืชื ื•,
00:46
help inspire us,
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ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืขื•ืจืจ ื‘ื ื• ื”ืฉืจืื”,
00:48
and perhaps even to help save us.
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ื•ืื•ืœื™ ืืคื™ืœื• ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืื•ืชื ื•.
00:51
In the 1950s and 60s,
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ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื ื•ื”ืฉื™ืฉื™ื,
00:53
psychedelic research flourished all over the world
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ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ื”ืคืกื™ื›ื“ืœื™ ืฉื’ืฉื’ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื
00:56
and showed great promise for the fields of psychiatry,
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ื•ื”ื™ื•ื•ื” ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืœืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื”ืคืกื™ื›ื™ืื˜ืจื™ื”,
00:59
psychology and psychotherapy,
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ื”ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื•ื”ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืชืจืคื™ื”,
01:01
neuroscience and the study of mystical experiences.
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ืœืžื“ืข ื”ืžื•ื—, ื•ืœื—ืงืจ ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ืกื˜ื™ื•ืช.
01:05
But psychedelics leaked out of the research settings
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืกืžื™ื ื”ืคืกื™ื›ื“ืœื™ื™ื ื“ืœืคื• ืืœ ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืžืกื’ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื—ืงืจ
01:08
and began to be used by the counterculture,
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ื•ื”ื—ืœื• ืœืฉืžืฉ ืืช ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื ื’ื“,
01:11
and by the anti-Vietnam War movement.
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ื•ืืช ืชื ื•ืขืช ื”ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืช ืœืžืœื—ืžืช ื•ื™ื™ื˜ื ืื.
01:14
And there was unwise use.
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ื•ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ื”ื ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืœื ืžื•ืฉื›ืœ.
01:16
And so there was a backlash.
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืชืขื•ืจืจื” ื ื’ื“ื ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ื—ืจื™ืคื”,
01:18
And in 1970, the US government criminalized all uses of psychedelics,
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ื•ื‘-1970, ืžืžืฉืœืช ืืจื”"ื‘ ื”ื•ืฆื™ืื” ืืœ ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœื—ื•ืง ื›ืœ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืกืžื™ื ืคืกื™ื›ื“ืœื™ื™ื,
01:23
and they began shutting down all psychedelic research.
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ื•ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœืกื’ื•ืจ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ื”ืคืกื™ื›ื“ืœื™ื™ื.
01:27
And this ban spread all over the world and lasted for decades.
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ื•ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื–ื” ื”ืชืคืฉื˜ ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ื ืžืฉืš ืœืื•ืจืš ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื.
01:30
and it was tragic,
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื˜ืจื’ื™,
01:32
since psychedelics are really just tools,
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ืžืื—ืจ ื•ื”ืกืžื™ื ื”ืคืกื™ื›ื“ืœื™ื™ื ื”ื ื‘ืขืฆื ืจืง ื›ืœื™ื,
01:34
and whether their outcomes are beneficial or harmful
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ื•ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœืฉืืœื” ืื ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื”ืŸ ืžื•ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืื• ืžื–ื™ืงื•ืช
01:37
depends on how they're used.
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ืชืœื•ื™ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื”ืŸ.
01:40
Psychedelic means "mind-manifesting,"
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ืคืกื™ื›ื“ืœื™ ืžืฉืžืขื• "ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ื™ื ื“ (ืชื•ื“ืขื”/ื ืคืฉ)"
01:46
and it relates to drugs like LSD, psilocybin, mescaline,
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ื•ื–ื” ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœืกืžื™ื ื›ืžื• ืืœ ืืก ื“ื™, ืคืกื™ืœื•ืกื™ื‘ื™ืŸ, ืžืกืงืœื™ืŸ,
01:54
iboga and other drugs.
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ืื™ื‘ื•ื’ื” ื•ืกืžื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื.
01:57
When I was 18 years old,
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ื›ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืŸ 18,
01:59
I was a college freshman,
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ ืฉืœ ืฉื ื” ื',
02:02
I was experimenting with LSD and mescaline,
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ื›ืฉื”ืชื ืกื™ืชื™ ื‘-ืืœ ืืก ื“ื™ ื•ืžืกืงืœื™ืŸ,
02:05
and these experiences brought me in touch with my emotions.
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ื•ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื• ื’ืจืžื• ืœื™ ืœื”ืชื—ื‘ืจ ืœืจื’ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœื™.
02:09
And they helped me have a spiritual connection
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ื•ืขื–ืจื• ืœื™ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืจื•ื—ื ื™
02:12
that unfortunately, my bar mitzvah did not produce.
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ืฉืœืžืจื‘ื” ื”ืฆืขืจ, ื”ื‘ืจ ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืฉืœื™ ืœื ื”ืฆืœื™ื— ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ.
02:16
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
02:18
When I wanted to tease my parents,
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ื›ืฉืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœื”ืงื ื™ื˜ ืืช ื”ื•ืจื™,
02:20
I would tell them that they drove me to psychedelics
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืื•ืžืจ ืœื”ื ืฉื”ื ื“ื—ืคื• ืื•ืชื™ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืคืกื™ื›ื“ืœื™ื™ื
02:23
because my bar mitzvah had failed to turn me into a man.
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ื›ื™ ื”ื‘ืจ ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืฉืœื™ ืœื ื”ืฆืœื™ื— ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืื•ืชื™ ืœื’ื‘ืจ.
02:27
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
02:29
But most importantly,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื›ื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘,
02:31
psychedelics gave me this feeling of our shared humanity,
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ื”ืกืžื™ื ื”ืคืกื™ื›ื“ืœื™ื™ื ื ืชื ื• ืœื™ ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืฉืœื ื•,
02:34
of our unity with all life.
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ืฉืœ ื”ืื—ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืขื ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื.
02:37
And other people reported that same thing as well.
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ื•ืื ืฉื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื, ื’ื ื›ืŸ ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื• ืขืœ ืื•ืชื• ื“ื‘ืจ.
02:39
And I felt that these experiences had the potential
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ื•ื”ืจื’ืฉืชื™ ืฉืœื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ื”ื™ื” ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ
02:43
to help be an antidote
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ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ื•ืœืฉืžืฉ ืชืจื•ืคื” ื ื•ื’ื“ืช
02:46
to tribalism, to fundamentalism, to genocide and environmental destruction.
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ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ื•ืช, ืคื•ื ื“ืžื ื˜ืœื™ื–ื, ืจืฆื— ืขื ื•ื”ืจืก ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™.
02:51
And so I decided to focus my life
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ื•ื›ืš ื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื™ ืฉื—ื™ื™ ื™ืชืžืงื“ื•
02:54
on changing the laws
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ื‘ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื,
02:56
and becoming a legal psychedelic psychotherapist.
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ื•ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœืคืกื™ื›ื•ืชืจืคื™ืกื˜ ืคืกื™ื›ื“ืœื™ ื—ื•ืงื™.
03:00
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
03:04
Now, half a century after the ban,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื—ืฆื™ ืžืื” ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ,
03:06
we're in the midst of a global renaissance of psychedelic research.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืขื™ืฆื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ืจื ืกื ืก ืขื•ืœืžื™ ืฉืœ ืžื—ืงืจ ืคืกื™ื›ื“ืœื™.
03:10
Psychedelic psychotherapy is showing great promise
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ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืชืจืคื™ื” ืคืกื™ื›ื“ืœื™ืช ืžืฆื™ื’ื” ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื”
03:13
for the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder, or PTSD,
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ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื”ืคืจืขืช ืœื—ืฅ ืคื•ืกื˜ ื˜ืจืื•ืžื˜ื™ืช ืื•, PTSD,
03:18
depression, social anxiety, substance abuse and alcoholism
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ืœื“ื™ื›ืื•ืŸ, ื—ืจื“ื” ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช, ื”ืชืžื›ืจื•ืช ืœืกืžื™ื, ืœืืœื›ื•ื”ื•ืœ,
03:24
and suicide.
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ื•ืœืžื ื™ืขืช ื”ืชืื‘ื“ื•ืช.
03:25
Psychedelic psychotherapy is an attempt to go after the root causes
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ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืชืจืคื™ื” ืคืกื™ื›ื“ืœื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœื”ืชื—ืงื•ืช ืื—ืจ ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืฉื•ืจืฉื™ื™ื
03:29
of the problems,
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ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช,
03:30
with just relatively few administrations,
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ืขื ืžืขื˜ ืžืื•ื“ ืžื ื”ืœื•ึดืช, ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื™ื—ืกื™,
03:33
as contrasted to most of the psychiatric drugs used today
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ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœืจื•ื‘ ื”ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ื”ืคืกื™ื›ื™ืื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื”ืŸ ื›ื™ื•ื
03:37
that are mostly just reducing symptoms
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ืฉื”ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืžืคื—ื™ืชื•ืช ืชืกืžื™ื ื™ื
03:40
and are meant to be taken on a daily basis.
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ื•ืžื™ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ืœื ื˜ื™ืœื” ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ื™ื•ืžื™.
03:45
Psychedelics are now also being used as tools for neuroscience
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ื›ื™ื•ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืคืกื™ื›ื“ืœื™ื ื›ื›ืœื™ื ืœืžื“ืขื™ ื”ืžื•ื—
03:49
to study brain function
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ืœื—ืงืจ ืชืคืงื•ื“ ื”ืžื•ื—
03:50
and to study the enduring mystery of human consciousness.
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ื•ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชืขืœื•ืžื” ื”ืชืžื™ื“ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ื“ืขื” ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช,
03:55
And psychedelics and the mystical experiences they produce
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ื•ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ืื”ืคืกื™ื›ื“ืœื™ื™ื ื•ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ืกื˜ื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ื ืžื™ื™ืฆืจื™ื
03:58
are being explored for their connections between meditation and mindfulness,
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ื ื—ืงืจื™ื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืœื”ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื“ื™ื˜ืฆื™ื” ืœืžื™ื™ื ื“ืคื•ืœื ืก,
04:02
including a paper just recently published
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ื›ื•ืœืœ ืžืืžืจ ืฉืคื•ืจืกื ืžืžืฉ ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”
04:04
about lifelong zen meditators taking psilocybin
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ืขืœ ืžืชืจื’ืœื™ ืžื“ื™ื˜ืฆื™ื™ืช ื–ืŸ ืœืื•ืจืš ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื, ืฉื ื•ื˜ืœื™ื ืคืกื™ืœื•ืกื™ื‘ื™ืŸ
04:08
in the midst of a meditation retreat
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ื‘ืขื™ืฆื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ืจื™ื˜ืจื™ื˜ ืžื“ื™ื˜ืฆื™ื”
04:10
and showing long-term benefits and brain changes.
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ื•ืžืฆื™ื’ื™ื ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืœื˜ื•ื•ื— ืืจื•ืš ื•ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžื•ื—.
04:15
Now, how do these drugs work?
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ื•ืื™ืš ื”ืกืžื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืคื•ืขืœื™ื?
04:17
Modern neuroscience research has demonstrated
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ืžื—ืงืจ ื—ื“ื™ืฉ ื‘ืžื“ืขื™ ื”ืžื•ื— ื”ืจืื”
04:19
that psychedelics reduce activity
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ืฉื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ื”ืคืกื™ื›ื“ืœื™ื™ื ืžืคื—ื™ืชื™ื ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช
04:22
in what's known as the brain's default mode network.
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ื‘ืžื” ืฉืžื›ื•ื ื” ืจืฉืช ื‘ืจื™ืจืช ื”ืžื—ื“ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื—.
04:24
This is where we create our sense of self.
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ื–ื” ื”ืžืงื•ื ืฉื‘ื• ืื ื• ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืืช ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื”ืขืฆืžื™ ืฉืœื ื•.
04:28
It's our equivalent to the ego,
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ื”ื™ื ื”ืžืงื‘ื™ืœื” ืฉืœื ื• ืœืื’ื•,
04:30
and it filters all incoming information
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืžืกื ื ืช ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื ื›ื ืก
04:32
according to our personal needs and priorities.
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ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืฆืจื›ื™ื ื”ืื™ืฉื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื•ืกื“ืจื™ ื”ืขื“ื™ืคื•ื™ื•ืช.
04:36
When activity is reduced in the default mode network,
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ืจืฉืช ื‘ืจื™ืจืช ื”ืžื—ื“ืœ ื™ื•ืจื“ืช,
04:39
our ego shifts from the foreground to the background,
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ื”ืื’ื• ืฉืœื ื• ื–ื– ืžืŸ ื”ื—ื–ื™ืช ืœืจืงืข,
04:44
and we see that it's just part of a larger field of awareness.
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืจืง ื—ืœืง ืžืฉื“ื” ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
04:49
It's similar to the shift
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™
04:51
that Copernicus and Galileo were able to produce in humanity
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ืฉืงื•ืคืจื ื™ืงื•ืก ื•ื’ืœื™ืœืื• ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœื—ื•ืœืœ ื‘ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช
04:54
using the telescope
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ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ื˜ืœืกืงื•ืค,
04:55
to show that the earth was no longer the center of the universe,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืฉื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ืื™ื ื• ืžืจื›ื– ื”ื™ืงื•ื,
05:00
but was actually something that revolved around the sun,
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ืืœื ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืžืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืฉืžืฉ,
05:03
something bigger than itself.
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ืžืฉื”ื• ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืขืฆืžื•.
05:06
For some people, this shift in awareness
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื, ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช
05:09
is the most important
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘
05:11
and among the most important experiences of their lives.
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ื•ืื—ืช ืžื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื”ื.
05:14
They feel more connected to the world bigger than themselves.
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ื”ื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืœืขื•ืœื ืฉื”ื•ื ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืขืฆืžื.
05:18
They feel more altruistic,
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ื”ื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื–ื•ืœืชื ื™ื,
05:20
and they lose some of their fear of death.
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ื•ื”ื ืžืื‘ื“ื™ื ื—ืœืง ืžื—ืจื“ืช ื”ืžื•ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื.
05:24
Not all drugs work this way.
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ืœื ื›ืœ ื”ืกืžื™ื ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื›ืš.
05:26
MDMA, also known as Ecstasy, or Molly,
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MDMA, ื”ืžื•ื›ืจ ื’ื ื‘ืฉื ืืงืกื˜ื–ื™, ืื• ืžื•ืœื™,
05:30
works fundamentally different.
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ืคื•ืขืœ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉื•ื ื” ืžื”ื•ืชื™ืช.
05:31
And I'll be able to share with you the story of Marcela,
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ื•ืื•ื›ืœ ืœืฉืชืฃ ืืชื›ื ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืžืจืกืœื”,
05:34
who suffered from post-traumatic stress disorder
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ืฉืกื‘ืœื” ืžื”ืคืจืขืช ื“ื—ืง ืคื•ืกื˜-ื˜ืจืื•ืžื˜ื™ืช
05:37
from a violent sexual assault.
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ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืชืงื™ืคื” ืžื™ื ื™ืช ืืœื™ืžื”.
05:40
Marcela and I were introduced in 1984,
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ืžืจืกืœื” ื•ืื ื™ ื”ื™ื›ืจื ื• ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ 1984,
05:44
when MDMA was still legal,
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื”-MDMA ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ื—ื•ืงื™,
05:46
but it was beginning also to leak out of therapeutic circles.
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ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ื”ื•ื ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื“ืœื•ืฃ ื”ื—ื•ืฆื” ืžื”ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ื™ื.
05:50
Marcela had tried MDMA in a recreational setting,
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ืžืจืกืœื” ื ื™ืกืชื” ืืช ื”-MDMA ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื‘ื™ืœื•ื™,
05:54
and during that, her past trauma flooded her awareness
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ื•ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ื›ืš, ื˜ืจืื•ืžืช ื”ืขื‘ืจ ืฉืœื” ืขืœืชื” ื•ื”ืฆื™ืคื” ืืช ื”ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืฉืœื”
05:58
and it intensified her suicidal feelings.
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ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ืขืฆื™ื ืืช ืชื—ื•ืฉื•ืช ื”ืื‘ื“ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื”.
06:03
During our first conversation,
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ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื™ื—ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœื ื•,
06:04
I shared that when MDMA is taken therapeutically,
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ื”ืกื‘ืจืชื™ ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ื ื•ื˜ืœื™ื ืืช ื”- MDMA ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ,
06:08
it can reduce the fear of difficult emotions,
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ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ื”ืคื—ื“ ืžืจื’ืฉื•ืช ืงืฉื™ื,
06:12
and she could help move forward past her trauma.
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ื•ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื” ืœื”ืชืงื“ื ืืœ ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื˜ืจืื•ืžื” ืฉืœื”
06:15
I asked her to promise not to commit suicide
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ื‘ื™ืงืฉืชื™ ืžืžื ื” ืฉืชื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืœื ืœื”ืชืื‘ื“
06:19
if we were to work together.
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ืื ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ ื™ื—ื“.
06:21
She agreed and made that promise.
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ื”ื™ื ื”ืกื›ื™ืžื” ื•ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื”.
06:25
During her therapeutic sessions,
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ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืคื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื”,
06:27
Marcela was able to process her trauma more fluidly, more easily.
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ืžืจืกืœื” ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื” ืœืขื‘ื“ ืืช ื”ื˜ืจืื•ืžื” ืฉืœื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื–ื•ืจื, ื•ืงืœ.
06:33
And yet, she was able to tell
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ื•ื”ื™ื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื” ืœืกืคืจ
06:36
that the rapist had told her that if she ever shared her story,
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ืฉื”ืื ืก ืืžืจ ืœื” ืฉืื ื”ื™ื ืื™ ืคืขื ืชืฉืชืฃ ืืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืœื”,
06:40
he would kill her.
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ื”ื•ื ื™ื”ืจื•ื’ ืื•ืชื”.
06:41
And she realized that that was keeping her a prisoner in her own mind.
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ื•ื”ื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ื ื” ืฉื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื’ืจื ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืืกื™ืจื” ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืžื™ื™ื ื“ (ืชื•ื“ืขื”/ืจื’ืฉ) ืฉืœื”.
06:46
So being able to share the story
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ื›ืš ืฉื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฉืœื” ืœืฉืชืฃ ืืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ
06:48
and experience the feelings and the thoughts in her mind
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ื•ืœื—ื•ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืจื’ืฉื•ืช ื•ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืžื™ื™ื ื“ ืฉืœื”
06:53
freed her,
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ืฉื™ื—ืจืจื• ืื•ืชื”,
06:54
and she was able to decide
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ื•ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ืชื” ืžืกื•ื’ืœืช ืœื”ื—ืœื™ื˜
06:55
that she wanted to move forward with her life.
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ืฉื”ื™ื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืชืงื“ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื”.
06:58
And in that moment,
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ื•ื‘ืจื’ืข ื”ื”ื•ื,
06:59
I realized that MDMA could be very effective for treating PTSD.
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ื”ื‘ื ืชื™ ืฉ- MDMA ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ืขื™ืœ ืžืื•ื“ ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืคื•ืกื˜ ื˜ืจืื•ืžื”.
07:04
Now, 35 years later, after Marcela's treatment,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, 35 ืฉื ื™ื ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืžืจืกืœื”,
07:08
she's actually a therapist,
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ื”ื™ื ืขืฆืžื” ื”ืคื›ื” ืœืžื˜ืคืœืช,
07:11
training other therapists to help people overcome PTSD with MDMA.
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ื•ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื” ืžื˜ืคืœื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืœื”ืชื’ื‘ืจ ืขืœ PTSD ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช MDMA.
07:17
Now, how does MDMA work?
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ื•ืื™ืš ื”-MDMA ืคื•ืขืœ?
07:20
How did MDMA help Marcela?
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ืื™ืš ื”-MDMA ืขื–ืจ ืœืžืจืกืœื”?
07:22
People who have PTSD have brains that are different
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ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืž-PTSD ื™ืฉ ืžื•ื— ืฉื•ื ื”
07:25
from those of us who don't have PTSD.
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ืžืฉืœ ืืœื” ืฉืœื ืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืž PTSD.
07:28
They have a hyperactive amygdala, where we process fear.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืืžื™ื’ื“ืœื” ื”ื™ืคืจืืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช, ืฉื–ื” ื”ืื–ื•ืจ ื‘ืžื•ื— ืฉื‘ื• ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืขื‘ื“ื™ื ืคื—ื“.
07:31
They have reduced activity in the prefrontal cortex,
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ื”ื ื”ืคื—ื™ืชื• ืืช ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ืงืœื™ืคืช ื”ืžื•ื— ื”ืงื“ืžื™ืช,
07:35
where we think logically.
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ืฉืฉื ืื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™.
07:37
And they have reduced activity in the hippocampus,
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ื•ื”ื ื”ืคื—ื™ืชื• ืืช ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ื”ื™ืคื•ืงืžืคื•ืก,
07:39
where we store memories into long-term storage.
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ืฉืฉื ืื ื• ืื•ื’ืจื™ื ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ื ื•ืช ืœืื—ืกื•ืŸ ืœื˜ื•ื•ื— ืืจื•ืš.
07:43
MDMA changes the brain in the opposite way.
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MDMA ืžืฉื ื” ืืช ื”ืžื•ื— ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ื”ืคื•ื›ื”.
07:47
MDMA reduces activity in the amygdala,
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MDMA ืžืคื—ื™ืช ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ืืžื™ื’ื“ืœื”,
07:50
increases activity in the prefrontal cortex
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ืžื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ืงืœื™ืคืช ื”ืžื•ื— ื”ืงื“ืžื™ืช
07:53
and increases connectivity between the amygdala and the hippocampus
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ื•ืžื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืืžื™ื’ื“ืœื” ืœื”ื™ืคื•ืงืžืคื•ืก
07:57
to remit traumatic memories to move into long-term storage.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืœื•ื— ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื˜ืจืื•ืžื˜ื™ื™ื ืœืื—ืกื•ืŸ ืœื˜ื•ื•ื— ืืจื•ืš.
08:01
Recently, researchers at Johns Hopkins published a paper in "Nature,"
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ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”, ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ื‘ื’'ื•ื ืก ื”ื•ืคืงื™ื ืก ืคืจืกืžื• ืžืืžืจ ื‘"ื ื™ื™ืฆ'ืจ".
08:06
in which they demonstrated that MDMA releases oxytocin,
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ื‘ื• ื”ื ื”ื•ื›ื™ื—ื• ืฉ-MDMA ืžืฉื—ืจืจ ืื•ืงืกื™ื˜ื•ืฆื™ืŸ,
08:09
the hormone of love and nurturing.
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ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื•ืจืžื•ืŸ ื”ืื”ื‘ื” ื•ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ื—.
08:12
The same researchers also did studies in octopuses,
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ืื•ืชื ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ืขืจื›ื• ื’ื ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ื‘ืชืžื ื•ื ื™ื,
08:15
who are normally asocial, unless it's mating season.
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ืฉื”ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืœื ื—ื‘ืจื•ืชื™ื™ื, ืืœื ืื ื›ืŸ ื–ื• ืขื•ื ืช ื”ื”ื–ื“ื•ื•ื’ื•ืช.
08:20
But lo and behold, you give them MDMA,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืกื›ื™ืชื• ื•ืจืื•, ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืœื”ื MDMA,
08:22
and they become prosocial.
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ื•ื”ื ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืœื—ื‘ืจื•ืชื™ื™ื.
08:24
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
08:27
Several months after Marcela and I worked together,
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ื›ืžื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืžืจืกืœื” ื•ืื ื™ ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื™ื—ื“,
08:30
the Drug Enforcement Administration moved to criminalize Ecstasy,
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ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ืื›ื™ืคืช ื”ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ื”ืืงืกื˜ื–ื™ ืืœ ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœื—ื•ืง,
08:34
having no knowledge of its therapeutic use.
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ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœื“ืขืช ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ ื‘ื•.
08:37
So I went to Washington,
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ืื– ื ืกืขืชื™ ืœื•ื•ืฉื™ื ื’ื˜ื•ืŸ,
08:39
and I went into the headquarters of the Drug Enforcement Administration,
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ื•ื ื›ื ืกืชื™ ืœืžื˜ื” ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ืœืื›ื™ืคืช ืกืžื™ื,
08:42
and I filed a lawsuit demanding a hearing,
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ื•ื”ื’ืฉืชื™ ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื‘ื“ืจื™ืฉื” ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืข,
08:45
at which psychiatrists and psychotherapists
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ืฉื‘ื• ืคืกื™ื›ื™ืื˜ืจื™ื ื•ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืชืจืคื™ืกื˜ื™ื
08:48
would be able to present information about therapeutic use of MDMA
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ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ ื‘-MDMA
08:51
to try to keep it legal.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื—ื•ืงื™ื•ืชื•.
08:54
And in the middle of the hearing, the DEA freaked out,
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ื•ื‘ืืžืฆืข ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืข, ื”ืžื ื”ืœ ืœืื›ื™ืคืช ืกืžื™ื ื™ืจื“ ืžื”ืคืกื™ื,
08:56
declared an emergency
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ื”ื›ืจื™ื– ืขืœ ืžืฆื‘ ื—ื™ืจื•ื
08:59
and criminalized all uses of MDMA.
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ื•ื”ืคืœื™ืœ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ื ื‘-MDMA
09:02
And so the only way that I could see to bring it back
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ื•ื›ืš ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืฉืžืฆืืชื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉื™ื‘ ืืช ื—ื•ืงื™ื•ืชื•
09:05
was through science, through medicine
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ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืžื“ืข, ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืจืคื•ืื”
09:07
and through the FDA drug development process.
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ื•ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืฉืœ ื” FDA.
09:10
So in 1986, I started MAPS
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ื•ื‘ืฉื ืช 1986 ื™ืกื“ืชื™ ืืช MAPS
09:13
as a nonprofit psychedelic pharmaceutical company.
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ื›ื—ื‘ืจืช ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืคืกื™ื›ื“ืœื™ืช ืœืœื ืžื˜ืจื•ืช ืจื•ื•ื—.
09:17
It took us 30 years, till 2016,
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ืœืงื— ืœื ื• 30 ืฉื ื”, ืขื“ 2016,
09:20
to develop the data that we needed to present to FDA
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ืœืคืชื— ืืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉื™ื ืœื ื• ืœื”ืฆื’ื” ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”- FDA
09:24
to request permission to move into the large-scale Phase 3 studies
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ื•ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœืฉืœื‘ 3 ืฉืœ ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ื™ืงืฃ
09:28
that are required to prove safety and efficacy
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ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืœื”ื•ื›ื—ืช ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื•ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช
09:31
before you get approval for prescription use.
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ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืจืฉื.
09:34
Tony was a veteran in one of our pilot studies.
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ื˜ื•ื ื™ ื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ืฆื ืฆื‘ื ืฉื”ืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืžืงื“ื™ืžื™ื ืฉืœื ื•.
09:38
According to the Veterans Administration,
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ืœืคื™ ืžื™ื ื”ืœืช ื™ื•ืฆืื™ ื”ืฆื‘ื,
09:41
there's over a million veterans now disabled with PTSD.
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ื™ืฉ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืœืžืขืœื” ืžืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื™ื•ืฆืื™ ืฆื‘ื ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื™ื ืฉืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืž PTSD.
09:44
And at least 20 veterans a day are committing suicide,
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ื•ืœืคื—ื•ืช 20 ื™ื•ืฆืื™ ืฆื‘ื ื‘ื™ื•ื, ืžืชืื‘ื“ื™ื,
09:48
many of them from PTSD.
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ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื”ื ื‘ื’ืœืœ PTSD.
09:51
The treatment that Tony was to receive was three and a half months long.
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ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืฉื˜ื•ื ื™ ื”ื™ื” ืืžื•ืจ ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืื•ืจืš ืฉืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื•ื—ืฆื™ ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื.
09:56
But during that period of time,
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ืืš ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื–ื”,
09:57
he would only get MDMA on three occasions,
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ื”ื•ื ื™ืงื‘ืœ MDMA ืจืง ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืคืขืžื™ื,
10:00
separated by 12, 90-minute non-drug psychotherapy sessions,
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ืฉื™ื•ืคืจื“ื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ 12 ืžืคื’ืฉื™ ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืชืจืคื™ื” ืœืœื ืกืžื™ื, ื‘ืื•ืจืš ืฉืœ 90 ื“ืงื•ืช,
10:04
three before the first MDMA session for preparation
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ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื›ื”ื›ื ื”, ืœืคื ื™ ืžืชืŸ ื” MDMA ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ
10:07
and three after each MDMA session for integration.
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ื•ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืื—ืจื™ ื›ืœ ืคื’ื™ืฉื” ืขื MDMA ืœืฉื ืื™ื ื˜ื’ืจืฆื™ื”.
10:11
We call our treatment approach "inner-directed therapy,"
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ืื ื• ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœื’ื™ืฉื” ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ืช ืฉืœื ื• "ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืžื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืคื ื™ืžื”."
10:15
in that we support the patient to experience whatever's emerging
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ื‘ื›ืš ืื ื• ืชื•ืžื›ื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืœื” ืœื—ื•ื•ืช ืืช ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืžืชืขื•ืจืจ
10:19
within their minds or their bodies.
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ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืžื™ื™ื ื“ ืฉืœื• ืื• ื‘ื’ื•ืคื•.
10:23
Even with MDMA, this is hard work.
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ืืคื™ืœื• ืขื MDMA, ื–ื• ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืงืฉื”.
10:26
And a lot of our subjects have said,
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ื•ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื”ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืืžืจื•:
10:28
"I don't know why they call this Ecstasy."
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ืฉื”ื ืœื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื "ืœืžื” ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœื–ื” ืืงืกื˜ื–ื™."
10:30
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
10:32
During Tony's first MDMA session,
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ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืคื’ื™ืฉืช ื”-MDMA ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื˜ื•ื ื™,
10:34
he lay on the couch, he had eyeshades on,
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ื”ื•ื ืฉื›ื‘ ืขืœ ื”ืกืคื”,ืขื ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื,
10:37
he listened to music,
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืื–ื™ืŸ ืœืžื•ื–ื™ืงื”,
10:39
and he would speak to the therapists,
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ื•ื“ื™ื‘ืจ ืขื ื”ืžื˜ืคืœื™ื,
10:41
who were a male-female co-therapy team,
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ืฉื”ื™ื• ืฆื•ื•ืช ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ ื’ื‘ืจื™-ื ืฉื™,
10:43
whenever he felt that he needed to.
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืฉื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš.
10:46
After several hours,
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ืœืื—ืจ ื›ืžื” ืฉืขื•ืช,
10:47
in a moment of calmness and clarity,
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ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉืœ ืจื•ื’ืข ื•ืฆืœื™ืœื•ืช,
10:50
Tony shared that he had realized
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ื˜ื•ื ื™ ืฉื™ืชืฃ ืื•ืชื ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ
10:54
his PTSD was a way of connecting him to his friends.
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ืฉื”-PTSD ืฉืœื• ื”ื™ื” ืืžืฆืขื™ ืœื—ื‘ืจ ืื•ืชื• ืœื—ื‘ืจื™ื•.
10:59
It was a way of honoring the memory of his friends who had died.
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ื–ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื“ืจื›ื• ืœื›ื‘ื“ ืืช ื–ื›ืจ ื—ื‘ืจื™ื• ืฉื ื”ืจื’ื•.
11:04
But he was able to shift and see himself through the eyes of his dead friends.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ื”ืฆืœื™ื— ืœืฉื ื•ืช ื–ืืช ื•ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ืžื‘ืขื“ ืœืขื™ื ื™ ื—ื‘ืจื™ื• ื”ืžืชื™ื,
11:08
And he realized that they would not want him to suffer,
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ืกื‘ื•ืœ,
11:11
to squander his life.
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ืฉื™ื‘ื–ื‘ื– ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื•.
11:12
They would want him to live more fully,
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ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื—ื™ื” ื—ื™ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืœืื™ื,
11:14
which they were unable to do.
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ืžื” ืฉื”ื ืœื ื™ื›ืœื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช.
11:16
And so he realized that there was a new way to honor their memory,
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ื•ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ื“ืจืš ื—ื“ืฉื” ืœื›ื‘ื“ ืืช ื–ื›ืจื,
11:20
which was to live as fully as possible.
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ืฉื”ื™ื, ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืœื ื›ื›ืœ ื”ืืคืฉืจ.
11:23
He also realized that he was telling himself a story
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ื”ื•ื ื’ื ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ืกื™ืคืจ ืœืขืฆืžื• ืกื™ืคื•ืจ
11:26
that he was taking opiates for pain.
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ืฉื”ื•ื ื ื˜ืœ ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืื•ืคื™ืื˜ื™ื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉื›ืš ื›ืื‘ื™ื.
11:29
But actually, he realized, he was taking them for escape.
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื”ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ, ืฉื”ื•ื ื ื˜ืœ ืื•ืชืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ืจื•ื—.
11:32
So he decided he didn't need the opiates anymore,
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ืื– ื”ื•ื ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืฉืื™ื ื• ื ื–ืงืง ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืื•ืคื™ืื˜ื™ื,
11:35
he didn't need the MDMA anymore,
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ื”ื•ื ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืช ื”-MDMA ,
11:37
and he was dropping out of the study.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืขื–ื‘ ืืช ื”ืžื—ืงืจ.
11:39
That was seven years ago.
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ื.
11:41
Tony is still free of PTSD,
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ื˜ื•ื ื™ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืฉื•ื—ืจืจ ืž- PTSD,
11:43
has never returned to opiates
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ื”ื•ื ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื—ื–ืจ ืœืื•ืคื™ืื˜ื™ื
11:46
and is helping others less fortunate than himself in Cambodia.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืขื•ื–ืจ ืœืื—ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ืคื—ื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ ืžื–ืœ ืžืžื ื•, ื‘ืงืžื‘ื•ื“ื™ื”.
11:50
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
11:55
The data that we presented to FDA
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ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉื”ืฆื’ื ื• ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”-FDA:
11:58
from 107 people in our pilot studies, including Tony,
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ืžืชื•ืš 107 ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ืฉืชืชืคื• ื‘ืžื—ืงืจ ื”ื’ื™ืฉื•ืฉ ืฉืœื ื•, ื›ื•ืœืœ ื˜ื•ื ื™,
12:01
showed that 23 percent of the people that received therapy without active MDMA
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ื”ืจืื• ืฉ-23% ืžื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื• ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืœืœื MDMA ืคืขื™ืœ
12:07
no longer had PTSD at the end of treatment.
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ืœื ืกื‘ืœื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž- PTSD ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ.
12:10
This is really pretty good for this patient population.
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ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืช ื™ืคื” ื›ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ืช ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื ื–ื•.
12:13
However, when you add MDMA,
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ืขื ื–ืืช, ื›ืฉืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื MDMA,
12:15
the results more than double, to 56 percent no longer having PTSD.
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ืื—ื•ื– ื”ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืคื•ืœ, 56% ืœื ืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืคื•ืกื˜ ื˜ืจืื•ืžื”..
12:21
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
12:24
But most importantly,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื›ื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘,
12:25
once people learn that if they don't need to suppress their trauma,
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ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืฉืื ืื™ื ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื“ื›ื ืืช ื”ื˜ืจืื•ืžื” ืฉืœื”ื,
12:29
but they can process it,
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ืืœื ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื ืœืขื‘ื“ ืื•ืชื”,
12:30
they keep getting better on their own.
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ื”ื ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืคืจ ื‘ืขืฆืžื.
12:32
So at the 12-month follow-up one year after the last treatment session,
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ื›ืš ืฉื‘ืžืขืงื‘ ืฉื ืžืฉืš 12 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื, ืฉื ื” ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืคื’ื™ืฉื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื”,
12:36
two-thirds no longer have PTSD.
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ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœื™ืฉ ืžื”ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื ืœื ืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืคื•ืกื˜ ื˜ืจืื•ืžื”.
12:39
And of the one-third that do,
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ื•ืžื”ืฉืœื™ืฉ ืฉื ื•ืชืจ ืขื ื”ืชืกืžื•ื ืช,
12:41
many have clinically significant reductions in symptoms.
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ืืฆืœ ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื”ื ื™ืฉ ื”ืคื—ืชื” ืงืœื™ื ื™ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ื‘ืชืกืžื™ื ื™ื.
12:45
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
12:49
On the basis of this data,
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ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืืœื”,
12:51
the FDA has declared MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for PTSD
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ื”- FDA ื”ื›ืจื™ื– ืขืœ ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืชืจืคื™ื” ืœืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืขื ืคื•ืกื˜ ื˜ืจืื•ืžื” ื‘ืกื™ื•ืข MDMA
12:55
a breakthrough therapy.
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ื›ืขืœ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืคื•ืจืฅ ื“ืจืš.
12:57
FDA has also declared psilocybin a breakthrough therapy
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ื”- FDA ื”ืฆื”ื™ืจ ื’ื ืขืœ ืคื™ืœื•ืกื™ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืขืœ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืคื•ืจืฅ ื“ืจืš
13:01
for treatment-resistant depression
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ืœืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืžื“ื™ื›ืื•ืŸ ืขืžื™ื“.
13:03
and just recently approved esketamine for depression.
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ื•ืจืง ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืื•ืฉืจ ืืกืงื˜ืžื™ืŸ ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื“ื™ื›ืื•ืŸ.
13:08
I'm proud to say that we have now initiated our Phase 3 studies.
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ืื ื™ ื’ืื” ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ื–ื” ืขืชื” ืืช ื”ืฉืœื‘ ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืฉืœื ื•.
13:14
And if the results are as we hope,
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ื•ืื ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื™ื”ื™ื• ื›ืคื™ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืงื•ื•ื™ื,
13:17
and if they're similar to the Phase 2 studies,
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ื•ืื ื”ืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื• ื“ื•ืžื•ืช ืœืืœื” ืฉืœ ืžื—ืงืจื™ ืฉืœื‘ 2,
13:19
by the end of 2021, FDA will approve MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for PTSD.
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ื‘ืกื•ืฃ 2021 ื”- FDA ื™ืืฉืจ ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืชืจืคื™ื” ื‘ืกื™ื•ืข MDMA ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืคื•ืกื˜ ื˜ืจืื•ืžื”
13:25
If approved,
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ืื ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื™ืื•ืฉืจ,
13:27
the only therapists who will be able to directly administer it to patients
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ื”ืžื˜ืคืœื™ื ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ื ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืกืคืง ืื•ืชื• ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœื—ื•ืœื™ื
13:31
are going to be therapists that have been through our training program,
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ื™ื”ื™ื• ืื•ืชื ืžื˜ืคืœื™ื ืฉืขื‘ืจื• ืืช ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื”ื›ืฉืจื” ืฉืœื ื•,
13:34
and they will only be able to administer MDMA
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ื•ืจืง ื”ื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืกืคืง ืืช ื”-MDMA
13:36
under direct supervision in clinic settings.
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ืชื—ืช ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื™ืฉื™ืจ ื‘ืžืกื’ืจื•ืช ืžืจืคืื”.
13:41
We anticipate that over the next several decades,
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ืื ื• ืฆื•ืคื™ื ืฉื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืขืฉื•ืจื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื,
13:45
there will be thousands of psychedelic clinics established,
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ื™ื•ืงืžื• ืืœืคื™ ืžืจืคืื•ืช ืคืกื™ื›ื“ืœื™ื•ืช,
13:48
at which, therapists will be able to administer MDMA,
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ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ื”ืžื˜ืคืœื™ื ืœื ื”ืœ ืืกืคืงื” ืฉืœ MDMA,
13:52
psilocybin, ketamine and other psychedelics
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ืคืกื™ืœื•ืกื™ื‘ื™ืŸ, ืงื˜ืžื™ืŸ ื•ืกืžื™ื ืคืกื™ื›ื“ืœื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื
13:55
to potentially millions of patients.
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ืœืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื.
13:58
These clinics can also evolve into centers where people can come
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ืžืจืคืื•ืช ืืœื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ื’ื ืœื”ืชืคืชื— ืœืžืจื›ื–ื™ื ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืืœื™ื”ื
14:03
for psychedelic psychotherapy for personal growth,
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ืœืคืกื™ื›ื•ืชืจืคื™ื” ืคืกื™ื›ื“ืœื™ืช ืฉืžื›ื•ื•ื ืช ืœืฆืžื™ื—ื” ืื™ืฉื™ืช,
14:06
for couples therapy
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ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื–ื•ื’ื™,
14:08
or for spiritual, mystical experiences.
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ืื• ืœืฉื ื”ืชื ืกื•ืช ื‘ื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ืžื™ืกื˜ื™ื•ืช.
14:12
Humanity now is in a race between catastrophe and consciousness.
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ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช ื ืžืฆืืช ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื‘ืžื™ืจื•ืฅ ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืงื˜ืกื˜ืจื•ืคื” ืœืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช.
14:20
The psychedelic renaissance is here to help consciousness triumph.
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ื”ืจื ืกื ืก ื”ืคืกื™ื›ื“ืœื™ ื ืžืฆื ื›ืืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืœื ืฆื—.
14:26
And now, if you all just look under your seats ...
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ื•ื›ืขืช, ืื ื›ื•ืœื›ื ืจืง ืชืกืชื›ืœื• ืžืชื—ืช ืœืžื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉืœื›ื ...
14:30
Just joking!
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ืจืง ืžืชื‘ื“ื—!!
14:31
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
14:32
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื”.
14:33
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
14:35
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
14:36
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
14:41
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื”.
14:42
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
14:48
Corey Hajim: You've got to stay up here for a minute.
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ืงื•ืจื™ ื”ื™ื™ื’'ื: ืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ื›ืืŸ ืœืžืขืœื” ืœืจื’ืข.
14:50
Thank you so much, Rick.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœืš, ืจื™ืง.
14:52
I guess it's a supportive audience.
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ืื ื™ ืžื ื™ื—ื” ืฉื–ื” ืงื”ืœ ืชื•ืžืš.
14:54
Rick Doblin: Yes, very.
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ืจื™ืง ื“ื•ื‘ืœื™ืŸ: ื›ืŸ, ืžืื•ื“.
14:57
Many of them have also been to Burning Man.
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ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื”ื ื”ื™ื• ื’ื ื‘ืคืกื˜ื™ื‘ืœ ื”"ื‘ืจื ื™ื ื’ ืžืŸ."
14:59
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
15:01
CH: There's some synergy.
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ืง.ื”: ื™ืฉ ืกื™ื ืจื’ื™ื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช.
15:03
RD: (Laughs)
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ืจ.ื“: (ืฆื•ื—ืง)
15:04
CH: So, in your talk, you talked about using these drugs
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ืง.ื”: ืื– ื‘ืฉื™ื—ืชืš ื“ื™ื‘ืจืช ืขืœ ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืกืžื™ื ื”ืืœื”
15:08
to address some pretty serious traumas.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื›ืžื” ื˜ืจืื•ืžื•ืช ืจืฆื™ื ื™ื•ืช.
15:10
So what about some more common mental illnesses
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ืื– ืžื” ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื›ืžื” ืžื—ืœื•ืช ื ืคืฉื™ื•ืช ืฉื›ื™ื—ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ,
15:14
like anxiety and depression,
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ื›ืžื• ื—ืจื“ื” ื•ื“ื™ื›ืื•ืŸ,
15:15
and is that where microdosing comes in?
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ื•ื”ืื ื–ื” ื”ืžืงื•ื ืืœื™ื• ื ื›ื ืก ื”ืžื™ืงืจื•-ืžื™ื ื•ืŸ?
15:18
RD: Well, microdosing can be helpful for depression,
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ืจ.ื“: ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืžื™ืงืจื•-ืžื™ื ื•ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื•ืขื™ืœ ืœื“ื™ื›ืื•ืŸ,
15:21
I do know someone that has been using it.
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ืื ื™ ืžื›ื™ืจ ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฉื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื–ื”.
15:23
But in general, for therapeutic purposes,
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ืœืœื™, ืœืžื˜ืจื•ืช ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ื•ืช,
15:26
we prefer macro-dosing rather than microdosing,
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ืื ื• ืžืขื“ื™ืคื™ื ืžืงืจื•-ืžื™ื ื•ืŸ ืขืœ ืžื™ืงืจื•-ืžื™ื ื•ืŸ,
15:29
in order to really help people deal with the root causes.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืžืžืฉ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื”.
15:32
Microdosing is more for creativity,
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ืžื™ืงืจื•-ืžื™ื ื•ืŸ ื ื•ืขื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื•ืช,
15:35
for artistic inspiration,
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ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืฉืจืื” ืืžื ื•ืชื™ืช,
15:37
for focus ...
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ืœืžื™ืงื•ื“ ...
15:38
And it also does have a mood-elevation lift.
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ื•ื’ื ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืจื•ื—.
15:42
But I think for serious illnesses,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื‘ืžื—ืœื•ืช ืงืฉื•ืช,
15:43
we'd rather not get people thinking that they need a daily drug,
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ืขื“ื™ืฃ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื”ื ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœืชืจื•ืคื” ื™ื•ืžื™ืช,
15:47
but do more deeper, intense work.
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ืืœื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืขืžื•ืงื” ื•ืื™ื ื˜ื ืกื™ื‘ื™ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ.
15:49
CH: And what about outside the United States and North America,
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ืง.ื”: ื•ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืืจื”"ื‘ ื•ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืืžืจื™ืงื”?
15:53
is this research being done there?
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ื”ืื ืžื—ืงืจ ื–ื” ื ืขืจืš ืฉื?
15:55
RD: Oh yeah, we're globalizing.
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ืจ.ื“: ื›ืŸ, ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืœืœ-ืขื•ืœืžื™ื™ื.
15:57
Our Phase 3 studies are actually being done
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ืžื—ืงืจื™ ืฉืœื‘ 3 ืฉืœื ื• ื ืขืจื›ื™ื ืœืžืขืฉื”
16:00
in Israel, Canada and the United States.
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ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื‘ืงื ื“ื” ื•ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช.
16:02
So once we get approval in FDA,
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ื•ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉื ืงื‘ืœ ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื”- FDA,
16:04
it will also become approved in Israel and in Canada.
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ื–ื” ื’ื ื™ืื•ืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื‘ืงื ื“ื”.
16:07
We're just starting research in Europe.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืžืฉ ื›ืขืช ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœืขืจื•ืš ืžื—ืงืจ ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืคื”.
16:10
And we're actually going to be training some therapists from China.
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ื•ืœืžืขืฉื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชื›ื ื ื™ื ืœืืžืŸ ื›ืžื” ืžื˜ืคืœื™ื ืžืกื™ืŸ.
16:15
CH: That's great.
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ืง.ื”: ื–ื” ื ื”ื“ืจ.
16:16
We were going to do an audience vote
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ื”ืชื›ื•ื•ื ื• ืœืงื™ื™ื ื”ืฆื‘ืขื”
16:18
to see if people felt like this was a good idea
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืจืื•ืช ืื ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉื• ืฉื–ื” ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘
16:20
to move forward with this research or not,
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ืœื”ืชืงื“ื ืขื ืžื—ืงืจ ื–ื” ืื• ืฉืœื,
16:22
but I have a feeling I know the answer to that, so ...
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืฉืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืžื”ื™ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœื–ื”, ืื– ...
16:25
Thank you so much, Rick.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœืš, ืจื™ืง.
16:27
RD: Thank you. Thank you all.
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ืจ.ื“: ืชื•ื“ื”. ืชื•ื“ื” ืœื›ื•ืœื›ื.
16:28
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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