Paul MacCready: Nature vs. humans, and what we can do about

36,442 views ใƒป 2008-10-23

TED


ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุฃุฏู†ุงู‡ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ.

ุงู„ู…ุชุฑุฌู…: Mokhtar Fikre ุงู„ู…ุฏู‚ู‘ู‚: Faisal Jeber
00:18
You hear that this is the era of environment -- or biology, or information technology ...
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ุฅู†ู†ุง ููŠ ุญู‚ุจุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฒู…ู† ู‡ูŠ ุญู‚ุจุฉ ุงู„ุจูŠุฆุฉ ุฃูˆ ุนู„ู… ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉ ุฃูˆ ุชู‚ู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช -
00:25
Well, it's the era of a lot of different things
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ุญุณู†ุงู‹ุŒ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุญู‚ุจุฉ ู…ูƒูˆู†ุงุชู‡ุง ุฃุดูŠุงุก ูƒุซูŠุฑุฉ ู…ุชุบุงูŠุฑุฉ
00:27
that we're in right now. But one thing for sure:
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ุญู‚ุจุฉ ู†ุญู† ู†ุนูŠุด ููŠู‡ุง ููŠ ุฃูŠุงู…ู†ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุงู„ุฐุงุช. ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุดูŠุก ุงู„ูˆุญูŠุฏ ุงู„ู…ุคูƒุฏ ููŠู‡ุง:
00:29
it's the era of change. There's more change going on
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ู‡ูˆ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุญู‚ุจุฉ ู…ู† ุญู‚ุจุงุช ุงู„ุชุบูŠุฑ. ูˆ ุฅู† ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุชุบูŠุฑ ููŠ ุทูˆุฑ ุงู„ุญุตูˆู„
00:32
than ever has occurred in the history of human life on earth.
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ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ูŠููˆู‚ ุฃูŠ ุชุบูŠุฑ ุญุตู„ ููŠ ุฃูŠุฉ ุญู‚ุจุฉ ุณุจู‚ุช ู…ู† ุญู‚ุจุงุช ุชุงุฑูŠุฎ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุฌู‡ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ.
00:38
And you all sort of know it, but it's hard to get it
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ูˆ ู„ุง ูŠู…ุงุซู„ู‡ ุฃูŠ ู†ูˆุน ู…ุนุฑูˆู ู…ู…ุง ุญุตู„ ู…ู† ุชุบูŠุฑุงุชุŒ ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุฅุญุงุทุฉ ุจู‡ ุตุนุจุฉ
00:41
so that you really understand it.
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ูˆุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ุญูˆ ุฃู†ุชู… ุชูู‡ู…ูˆู†ู‡ ููŠ ูˆุงู‚ุน ุฃู…ุฑู‡.
00:43
And I've tried to put together something that's a good start for this.
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ูˆ ู„ู‚ุฏ ุณุนูŠุช ุฌู‡ุฏูŠ ุฃู† ุฃุฌู…ุน ู…ุนุงู‹ ุงุดูŠุงุก ู…ุญุฏุฏุฉ ุฑุฃูŠุชู‡ุง ุฌูŠุฏุฉ ูƒุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน.
00:48
I've tried to show in this -- though the color doesn't come out --
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ูˆ ุญุงูˆู„ุช ุฃู† ุฃุนุฑุถ ู„ูƒู… ู‡ุฐุงุŒ ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ู„ูˆู† ู„ู… ูŠูƒู† ูˆุงุถุญุง.
00:52
that what I'm concerned with is the little 50-year time bubble
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ุฃู…ุง ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุฃู‡ุชู…ุงู…ูŠ ูู‡ูˆ ูู‚ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุณู†ูˆุงุช ุงู„ู€50 ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑุฉ ุงู„ุถุฆูŠู„ุฉ ุงู„ุนุฏุฏ
00:56
that you are in. You tend to be interested in a generation past,
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ุงู„ุชูŠ ุนุงูŠุดุชู…ูˆู‡ุง ูˆ ุชุนูŠุดูˆู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ุขู†. ุฃู†ุชู… ุชู…ูŠู„ูˆู† ุฃู† ุชุฑูƒุฒูˆุง ุงู‡ุชู…ุงู…ูƒู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠุŒ
01:00
a generation future -- your parents, your kids, things you can change
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ูˆ ุฌูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ุŒ ูˆ ุงู‡ู„ูƒู…ุŒ ูˆ ุฃุทูุงู„ูƒู…ุŒ ูˆ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุงู„ุชูŠ ููŠ ุงุณุชุทุงุนุชูƒู… ุชุบูŠูŠุฑู‡ุง
01:04
over the next few decades -- and this 50-year time bubble
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ููŠ ุงู„ุนู‚ูˆุฏ ุงู„ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฏู…ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุณู†ูŠู†ุŒ ูˆ ุฎู„ุงู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูู‚ุงุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุณู†ูˆุงุช ุงู„ู€50 ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑุฉ
01:06
you kind of move along in. And in that 50 years,
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ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุณูŠุฑูˆู† ููŠู‡ุง ู‚ุฏูู…ุงู‹. ูˆ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุณู†ูˆุงุช ุงู„ุฎู…ุณูŠู†
01:10
if you look at the population curve, you find the population of humans
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ุฅุฐุง ู†ุธุฑุชู… ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ู†ุญู†ู‰ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุณูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุงู„ู†ู…ูˆ ุงู„ุณูƒุงู†ูŠุŒ ู„ูˆุฌุฏุชู… ุฃู† ุงุนุฏุงุฏ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ
01:14
on the earth more than doubles and we're up three-and-a-half times
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ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ ุฒุงุฏุช ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุถูุนู ูˆ ู†ุญู† ุงู„ุขู† ุชุถุงุนูู†ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุง ูŠู‚ุงุฑุจ ุงู„ุซู„ุงุซ ู…ุฑุช ูˆ ู†ุตู
01:19
since I was born. When you have a new baby,
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ู…ู†ุฐ ูˆู„ุงุฏุชู†ุง. ูˆ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠูˆู„ุฏ ู„ูƒู… ุทูู„ ุฌุฏูŠุฏุŒ
01:22
by the time that kid gets out of high school
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ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุตู„ ููŠู‡ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ุทูู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูˆูŠุฉ
01:26
more people will be added than existed on earth when I was born.
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ุชูƒูˆู† ุฃุนุฏุงุฏ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ู‚ุฏ ุฒุงุฏุช ุงูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุงุนุฏุงุฏ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูƒุงู†ุช ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ูŠูˆู… ูˆู„ุงุฏุชูŠ-
01:30
This is unprecedented, and it's big.
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ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ู„ู… ุชุญุตู„ ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ูˆู‡ูŠ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ.
01:33
Where it goes in the future is questioned. So that's the human part.
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ูˆ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃูŠู† ุชุตู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ ุฐู„ูƒ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„. ุฅู† ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุง ูŠุชุนู„ู‚ ุจุฃุนุฏุงุฏ ุงู„ุจุดุฑ.
01:37
Now, the human part related to animals: look at the left side of that.
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ูˆ ุงู„ุขู† ู…ุงุฐุง ุนู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ู…ุชุตู„ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ูˆ ุงู„ุญูŠูˆุงู†: ุฅู†ุธุฑูˆุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุงู„ูŠุณุฑู‰ ู‡ู†ุง.
01:42
What I call the human portion -- humans and their livestock and pets --
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ุฅู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ู…ุง ุงุฏุนูˆู‡ ุญุตุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู†- ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ูˆ ู…ุง ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ู…ู† ุญูŠูˆุงู†ุงุช ุฏุงุฌู†ุฉ ูˆ ุญูŠูˆุงู†ุงุช ุจูŠุชูŠุฉ -
01:45
versus the natural portion -- all the other wild animals and just --
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ููŠ ู…ู‚ุงุจู„ ู…ุง ุฃุฏุนูˆู‡ ุญุตุฉ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนุฉ- ูˆู‡ูŠ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุญูŠูˆุงู†ุงุช ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุงู„ุจุฑูŠุฉ ูู‚ุท -
01:49
these are vertebrates and all the birds, etc.,
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ูˆู‡ูŠ ุชุดู…ู„ ุงู„ูู‚ุงุฑูŠุงุช ูˆ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุทูŠูˆุฑุŒ ุฅู„ุฎ.
01:53
in the land and air, not in the water. How does it balance?
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ููŠ ุงู„ุจุฑ ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌูˆ ูˆ ู„ูŠุณ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุงุก. ูƒูŠู ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู† ูŠุชูˆุงุฒู†ุŸ
01:57
Certainly, 10,000 years ago, the civilization's beginning,
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ุญุณู†ุงุŒ ุจุงู„ุชุฃูƒูŠุฏ ู‚ุจู„ 10ุŒ000ุณู†ุฉ ู…ุถุชุŒ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ุญุถุงุฑุฉ ููŠ ุจุฏุงูŠุชู‡ุงุŒ
02:02
the human portion was less than one tenth of one percent. Let's look at it now.
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ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุญุตุฉ ุงู„ุจุดุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนุฉ ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุนุดุฑ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจุงู„ู…ุงุฆุฉ. ุฏุนู†ุง ู†ู†ุธุฑ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุขู†.
02:07
You follow this curve and you see the whiter spot in the middle --
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ุชุงุจุนูˆุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ู†ุญู†ู‰ ุฅู†ูƒู… ุชุฑูˆู† ููŠู‡ ุจู‚ุนุฉ ุจูŠุถุงุก ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุณุท -
02:11
that's your 50-year time bubble. Humans, livestock and pets
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ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุชู…ุซู„ ูู‚ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ู€50 ุณู†ุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑุฉ. ุฅู† ุงู„ุจุดุฑ ูˆ ู…ุงุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ู…ู† ุญูŠูˆุงู†ุงุช ุฏุงุฌู†ุฉ ูˆ ุญูŠูˆุงู†ุงุช ุจูŠุชูŠุฉ
02:16
are now 97 percent of that integrated total mass on earth
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ูŠู…ุซู„ูˆู† 97 ุจุงู„ู…ุงุฆุฉ ู…ู† ู…ุฌู…ูˆุน ูƒุชู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ
02:20
and all wild nature is three percent. We have won. The next generation
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ูˆ ู„ู„ุทุจูŠุนุฉ ุงู„ุจุฑูŠุฉ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุจุงู„ู…ุงุฆุฉ ุงู„ุจุงู‚ูŠุฉ. ู„ู‚ุฏ ุฑุจุญู†ุง. ูˆ ู„ูŠุณ ุงู„ุฏู‰ ุงู„ุฌูŠู„ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฏู…
02:24
doesn't even have to worry about this game -- it is over.
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ุดูŠุฆุงู‹ ูŠู‚ู„ู‚ุฉ ุจุดุฃู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุจุงุฑุงุฉ - ุฃู†ู‡ุง ู…ู†ุชู‡ูŠุฉ.
02:27
And the biggest problem came in the last 25 years:
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ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุญุตู„ุช ููŠ ุงู„ุณู†ูˆุงุช ุงู„ู€ 25 ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑุฉ:
02:31
it went from 25 percent up to that 97 percent.
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ูุฅู†ู‡ุง ุงู†ุชู‚ู„ุช ู…ู† 25 ุจุงู„ู…ุงุฆุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ 97 ุจุงู„ู…ุงุฆุฉ.
02:34
And this really is a sobering picture upon realizing that we, humans,
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ูˆ ู„ุง ุชุนูˆุฏ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุฒุงู‡ูŠุฉ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ู†ุชุญู‚ู‚ ู…ู† ุฃู†ู†ุง ู†ุญู† ุงู„ุจุดุฑุŒ
02:40
are in charge of life on earth; we're like the capricious Gods
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ุตุฑู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุณุคูˆู„ูŠู† ุนู† ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถุŒ ูู†ุญู† ุงู„ุขู† ุขู„ู‡ุฉ ุบุฑูŠุจุฉ ุงู„ุฃุทูˆุงุฑ
02:44
of old Greek myths, kind of playing with life --
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ู…ู† ุขู„ู‡ุฉ ุงู„ุงุณุงุทูŠุฑ ุงู„ูŠูˆู†ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุฏูŠู…ุฉุŒ ู…ู† ุทุจุงุฆุนู†ุง ุฃู† ู†ู„ุนุจ ุจุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉุŒ
02:49
and not a great deal of wisdom injected into it.
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ู…ู† ุฏูˆู† ุฃู† ู†ุฏุฎู„ ููŠ ู„ุนุจุชู†ุง ู…ู‚ุฏุงุฑุงู‹ ูƒุจูŠุฑุงู‹ ู…ู† ุงู„ุญูƒู…ุฉ.
02:53
Now, the third curve is information technology.
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ูˆ ุงู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู…ู†ุญู†ู‰ ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซ ู‡ูˆ ู…ู†ุญู‰ ุชู‚ู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช.
02:57
This is Moore's Law plotted here, which relates to density
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ุฅู† ู‚ุงู†ูˆู† ู…ูˆุฑ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุชุขู…ุฑ ู‡ู†ุงุŒ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุชุนู„ู‚ู‡ ุจุงู„ูƒุซุงูุฉ
03:01
of information, but it has been pretty good for showing
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ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุชูŠุฉุŒ ู„ูƒู†ู‡ ู…ู† ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุฌูŠุฏ ููŠ ุจุฑุงุนู†ุชู‡ ููŠ ุงู† ูŠูุธู‡ุฑู„ู†ุง
03:04
a lot of other things about information technology --
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ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุงู„ู…ุชุนู„ู‚ุฉ ุจุชู‚ู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช:
03:07
computers, their use, Internet, etc. And what's important
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ุงู„ูƒูˆู…ุจูŠุชูˆุฑุงุช ูˆ ุงุณุชุนู…ุงู„ุงุชู‡ุงุŒ ูˆ ุงู„ุฅู†ุชุฑู†ุชุŒ ุฅู„ุฎ. ูˆ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ุงู„ู…ู‡ู…
03:11
is it just goes straight up through the top of the curve,
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ู‡ูˆ ุงู†ู‡ ูŠุฐู‡ุจ ุตูุนูุฏุงู‹ ูˆ ู…ู† ุบูŠุฑ ู…ูˆุงุฑุจุฉ ูˆุตูˆู„ุงู‹ ุฅู„ู‰ ู‚ู…ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู†ุญู†ู‰
03:14
and has no real limits to it. Now try and contrast these.
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ูˆ ู„ูŠุณ ู„ู‡ ุญุฏูˆุฏ ูˆุงู‚ุนูŠุฉ ูŠุชูˆู‚ู ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง. ูˆ ุงู„ุขู† ุญุงูˆู„ูˆุง ุฃู† ุชุชุจูŠู†ูˆุง ู…ุง ูŠู„ูŠ.
03:20
This is the size of the earth going through that same --
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ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุญุฌู… ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ ูŠุฏุฎู„ ููŠ ู†ูุณ --
03:22
(Laughter)
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(ุถุญูƒ)
03:24
-- frame. And to make it really clear, I've put all four on one graph.
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ุงู„ุฅุทุงุฑ. ูˆ ู…ู† ุฃุฌู„ ุฌุนู„ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ูˆุงุถุญุงู‹ุŒ ุดู…ู„ุช ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ููŠ ุฑุณู… ุจูŠุงู†ูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ.
03:30
There's no need to see the little detailed words on it.
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ูˆ ู„ูŠุณ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู…ู† ุถุฑูˆุฑุฉ ุฃู† ุชุจุฏูˆ ููŠู‡ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ุงู„ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ุงู„ุชูุตูŠู„ูŠุฉ.
03:33
That first one is humans-versus-nature;
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ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุจุดุฑ ู…ู‚ุงุจู„ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนุฉ.
03:38
we've won, there's no more gain. Human population.
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ุฑุจุญู†ุงุŒ ูˆ ู„ูŠุณ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู…ุฌุงู„ ู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูƒุงุณุจ. ุณูƒุงู† ุงู„ุนุงู„ู….
03:41
And so if you're looking for growth industries to get into,
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ูˆ ูƒุฐู„ูƒ ุฅู† ูƒู†ุชู… ุชุชุทู„ุนูˆู† ุฅู„ู‰ ุชู†ู…ูŠุฉ ุตู†ุงุนุงุชูƒู… ู„ุจู„ูˆุบ ุฐู„ูƒุŒ
03:43
that's not a good one -- protecting natural creatures. Human population
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ูุฐู„ูƒ ู„ูŠุณ ุจุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ุงู„ุฌูŠุฏ-- ุญู…ุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ุงุช ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠุฉ. ุณูƒุงู† ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…
03:48
is going up; it's going to continue for quite a while.
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ููŠ ุงุฒุฏูŠุงุฏุŒ ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุณูˆู ูŠุณุชู…ุฑ ููŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃู…ุฏ ุทูˆูŠู„.
03:51
Good business in obstetricians, morticians, and farming, housing, etc. --
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ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุตู†ุงุนุงุช ู†ุงุฌุญุฉ ู‡ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุชูˆู„ูŠุฏ ูˆ ููŠ ุชุฌู‡ูŠุฒ ุงู„ุฌู†ุงุฒุงุช ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฒุงุฑุน ูˆ ููŠ ุจู†ุงุก ุงู„ุจูŠูˆุชุŒ ุฅู„ุฎ --
03:57
they all deal with human bodies, which require being fed,
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ูˆู‡ูŠ ุตู†ุงุนุงุช ุชุชุนุงุทู‰ ุฎุฏู…ุฉ ุฃุฌุณุงุฏ ุงู„ุจุดุฑ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุชุทู„ุจ ู…ู† ูŠุทุนู…ู‡ุงุŒ
04:02
transported, housed and so on. And the information technology,
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ูˆ ูŠุคู…ู† ู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ู†ู‚ู„ูŠุงุช ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุฃูˆู‰ ูˆ ู…ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ. ุฃู…ุง ุชู‚ู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุชุŒ
04:07
which connects to our brains, has no limit -- now, that is a wonderful
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ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุชูˆุงุตู„ ู…ุน ุฃุฏู…ุบุชู†ุง ูู„ูŠุณ ู„ู‡ุง ุญุฏูˆุฏ -- ููŠ ูˆู‚ุชู†ุง ุงู„ุญุงุถุฑุŒ ุฅู†ู‡ ุญู‚ู„
04:11
field to be in. You're looking for growth opportunity?
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ุฑุงุฆุน ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู…ุฑุก ููŠู‡. ุงู† ูƒู†ู… ุชุชุทู„ุนูˆู† ุฅู„ู‰ ูุฑุต ู„ู„ู†ู…ูˆ--
04:13
It's just going up through the roof.
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ุฅู† ุงู„ู†ู…ูˆ ููŠู‡ ูŠุชุทุงูˆู„ ุนู„ูˆุง ูˆ ูŠุชุฌุงูˆุฒ ุงู„ุณู‚ูˆู.
04:16
And then, the size of the Earth. Somehow making these all compatible
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ุซู… ู…ุงุฐุง ุนู† ุญุฌู… ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ. ู‡ู„ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุฃูˆ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ู„ุฌุนู„ ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆุฑ ู…ุชู„ุงุฆู…ุฉ
04:19
with the Earth looks like a pretty bad industry to be involved with.
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ู…ุน ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุจุฏูˆ ูƒู„ ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุชุชุนู„ู‚ ุจู‡ุง ุณูŠุฆุฉ ู„ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ.
04:24
So, that's the stage out of all this. I find,
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ูˆู‡ูƒุฐุงุŒ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู†ุญู† ููŠู‡ุง. ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ูˆุฌุฏุชุŒ
04:28
for reasons I don't understand, I really do have a goal.
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ู„ุฃุณุจุงุจู ู„ุง ุฃูู‡ู…ู‡ุงุŒ ุฃู† ู„ูŠ ู‡ุฏูุงู‹.
04:31
And the goal is that the world be desirable and sustainable
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ูˆ ุงู„ู‡ุฏู ู‡ูˆ ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ู…ุญุจุจุง ุงู„ุนูŠุด ููŠู‡ ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ุณุชุฏูŠู…
04:35
when my kids reach my age -- and I think that's -- in other words,
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ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠุตู„ ุฃุทูุงู„ูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนู…ุฑ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุงู†ุง ููŠู‡ ุงู„ุขู†.ูˆ ุฃุธู† ุงู† ุชู„ูƒ ู‡ูŠ-- ุจุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰
04:39
the next generation. I think that's a goal that we probably all share.
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ุฑุบุจุฉ ุงู„ุฌูŠู„ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฏู…. ุฃู†ุง ุฃุธู† ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู‡ุฏู ู‡ูˆ ุฑุจู…ุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู‡ุฏู ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู†ุดุชุฑูƒ ุฌู…ูŠุนู†ุง ููŠู‡.
04:42
I think it's a hopeless goal. Technologically, it's achievable;
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ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุฃุธู† ุฃู†ู‡ ู‡ุฏู ู…ูŠุคูˆุณูŒ ู…ู†ู‡. ุฅู†ู‡ ู‡ุฏู ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฅู†ุฌุงุฒู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูƒู†ูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุฉ.
04:45
economically, it's achievable; politically,
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ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ุฃู‚ุชุตุงุฏูŠุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌุงุฒุŒ ูˆ ุณูŠุงุณูŠุงู‹ ู‡ูˆ ูƒุฐู„ูƒ--
04:48
it means sort of the habits, institutions of people -- it's impossible.
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ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุงู„ุฎุฑูˆุฌ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนุงุฏุงุช ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุคุณุณุงุช ูˆ ุงู„ู†ุงุณุŒ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู…ุณุชุญูŠู„.
04:53
The institutions of the past with all their inertia
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ุฅู† ู…ุคุณุณุงุช ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠ ุจูƒู„ ู…ุง ููŠู‡ุง ู…ู† ุฌู…ูˆุฏ ูˆ ูƒุณู„
04:55
are just irrelevant for the future, except they're there
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ู„ุง ุชุนู„ู‚ ู„ู‡ุง ุจู‡ุง ุจุงู…ูˆุฑ ุงู„ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ุŒ ูŠุงุณุชุซู†ุงุก ุฃู†ู‡ู… ู‡ู†ุง
04:59
and we have to deal with them. I spend about 15 percent of my time
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ูˆุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุฃู† ู†ุนุงู„ุฌ ุฃู…ุฑู‡ู…. ุฅู†ู†ูŠ ุฃู‚ุถูŠ 15 ุจุงู„ู…ุฆุฉ ู…ู† ูˆู‚ุชูŠ
05:05
trying to save the world, the other 85 percent, the usual --
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ููŠ ู…ุญุงูˆู„ุฉ ุฅู†ู‚ุงุฐ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ุŒ ุงู…ุง ุงู„ู€ 85 ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุนุชุงุฏ...
05:08
and whatever else we devote ourselves to.
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ูˆ ููŠ ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ู…ู…ุง ู…ู…ุง ู†ูƒุฑุณ ุฃู†ูุณู†ุง ู„ู‡ุง.
05:11
And in that 15 percent, the main focus is on human mind, thinking skills,
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ุฃู…ุง ุงู„ู€15 ุจู…ุงุฆุฉุŒุง ูุฅู† ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠ ูŠู†ุตุจ ุฎู„ุงู„ู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ู…ู‡ุงุฑุงุช ุงู„ุนู‚ู„ ุงู„ุจุดุฑูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุชููƒูŠุฑุŒ
05:17
somehow trying to unleash kids from the straightjacket of school,
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ู„ู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุฃูˆ ุจุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุฅู„ู‰ ุนุชู‚ ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ู…ู† ู‚ูŠุฏ ุงู„ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ
05:20
which is putting information and dogma into them,
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ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุถุน ููŠ ุฏุงุฎู„ู‡ู… ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช ูˆ ุนู‚ุงุฆุฏุŒ
05:23
get them so they really think, ask tough questions, argue
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ุจุญูŠุซ ู†ุฌุนู„ู‡ู… ูŠููƒุฑูˆู† ุจูˆุงู‚ุนูŠุฉ ูˆ ูŠุทุฑุญูˆู† ุงู„ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉุŒ ูˆ ูŠู†ุงู‚ุดูˆู† ุจุงู„ุฃุฏู„ุฉ
05:26
about serious subjects, don't believe everything that's in the book,
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ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุนุงุช ุงู„ุฌุฏูŠุฉุŒ ูˆ ู„ุง ูŠุคู…ู†ูˆู† ุจูƒู„ ุดูŠุก ุชุดุชู…ู„ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูƒุชุจู‡ู…ุŒ
05:30
think broadly or creative. They can be.
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ูˆุงู† ูŠููƒุฑูˆุง ุจุงูู‚ ู…ุชุณุน ูˆ ุฎู„ุงู‚. ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุฃู…ุฑ ูŠุณุชุทูŠุนูˆู†ู‡.
05:33
Our school systems are very flawed and do not reward you
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ุฅู† ุฃู†ุธู…ุฉ ู…ุฏุงุฑุณู†ุง ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุนูŠูˆุจ ูˆ ู„ุงุชุฒูˆุฏ ุงู„ู…ุฑุก
05:37
for the things that are important in life
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ุจุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุงู„ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ู„ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉ
05:39
or for the survival of civilization; they reward you
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ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ููŠ ุงุณุชู…ุฑุงุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ุญุถุงุฑุฉ. ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุชุฒูˆุฏ ุงู„ู…ุฑุก
05:41
for a lot of learning and sopping up stuff.
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ุจุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุชุนู„ู… ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ุชุบู…ูŠุณ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก.
05:46
We can't go into that today because there isn't time --
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ู„ูŠุณ ููŠ ุฅู…ูƒุงู†ู†ุง ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุฃู† ู†ู…ุถูŠ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ูุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุชุณุน--
05:50
it's a broad subject. One thing for sure, in the future
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ุฅู†ู‡ ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ูˆุงุณุน. ูˆ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุดูŠุกูŒ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฃูƒูŠุฏุŒ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„
05:53
there is an essential feature -- necessary, but not sufficient --
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ู…ูŠุฒุฉ ุฌูˆู‡ุฑูŠุฉ ู…ุชูˆุงุฌุฏุฉ-- ุถุฑูˆุฑูŠ ูˆ ู„ูƒู†ู‡ ุฌุงู†ุจ ุบูŠุฑ ูƒุงู--
06:00
which is doing more with less. We've got to be doing things
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ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฃูƒุซุฑ ูุนู„ุงู‹ ูˆ ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฃู‚ู„. ุฅู† ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุฃู† ู†ูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ู†ูุนู„ ููŠู‡ุง ุฃุดูŠุงุก
06:04
with more efficiency using less energy, less material.
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ุฃูƒุซุฑ ูุงุนู„ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงุณุชุนู…ุงู„ู‡ุง ู„ุทุงู‚ุฉ ุฃู‚ู„ุŒ ูˆ ู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุฃู‚ู„.
06:06
Your great-great grandparents got by on muscle power,
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ุฃุฌุฏุงุฏ ุงุฌุฏุงุฏ ุงุฌุฏุงุฏูƒู… ู„ู… ูŠูƒู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ุฅู„ุง ุทุงู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุชุŒ
06:10
and yet we all think there's this huge power that's essential
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ู„ูƒู†ู†ุง ู…ุน ู‡ุฐุง ู†ุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฌู…ูŠุนู†ุง ุงู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุฏุงุฑ ุงู„ู‡ุงุฆู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ุทุงู‚ุฉ ู‡ูˆ ุฃู…ุฑ ุฌูˆู‡ุฑูŠ
06:14
for our lifestyle. And with all the wonderful technology we have
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ู„ู†ู…ุท ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู†ุนูŠุดู‡. ุฃู†ู†ุง ุจูˆุงุณุทุฉ ุงู„ุชูƒู†ูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู†ู…ู„ูƒู‡ุง
06:18
we can do things that are much more efficient: conserve, recycle, etc.
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ู†ุณุชุทูŠุน ุฃู† ู†ูุนู„ ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุจูƒุซูŠุฑ ูุงุนู„ูŠุฉ: ููŠ ุงู„ุญูุธ ูˆ ููŠ ุฅุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ุฅู„ุฎ.
06:26
Let me just rush very quickly through things that we've done.
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ุฏุนูˆู†ูŠ ูู‚ุท ุงู…ุฑ ุจุณุฑุนุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุงุดูŠุงุก ุงู„ุชูŠ ูุนู„ู†ุงู‡ุง.
06:29
Human-powered airplane -- Gossamer Condor sort of started me
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ุทุงุฆุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃู†ุณุงู†- ุทุงู‚ุชู‡ุง-- ุบูˆุณู…ุงุฑ ูƒูˆู†ุฏูˆุฑ ูƒุงู†ุช ู…ู†ู‡ ุงู„ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ
06:32
in this direction in 1976 and 77,
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ููŠ ู‡ุงุฐ ุงู„ุฅุชุฌุงู‡ ุนุงู… 1976 ูˆ 77
06:38
winning the Kremer prize in aviation history,
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ูˆ ู„ู‚ุฏ ูุงุฒ ุจุฌุงุฆุฒุฉ ูƒุฑูŠู…ุฑ ููŠ ุทูŠุฑุงู†ู‡ ุงู„ุชุงุฑูŠุฎูŠุŒ
06:40
followed by the Albatross. And we began
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ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุชุจุนู‡ ููŠู‡ ุฃู„ุจุงุชุฑูˆุณ. ูˆ ุจุฏุฃุช ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ
06:43
making various odd planes and creatures.
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ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุทุงุฆุฑุงุช ุบุฑูŠุจุฉ ูˆ ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ุงุช.
06:46
Here's a giant flying replica of a pterosaur that has no tail.
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ููƒุงู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุนู…ู„ุงู‚ ุทุงุฆุฑ ู‡ูˆ ู†ุณุฎุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฒุงุญู ุงู„ุทุงุฆุฑ ุงู„ุจุชุฑูˆุณูˆุฑ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู„ุง ุฐูŽู†ูŽุจูŽ ู„ู‡.
06:51
Trying to have it fly straight is like trying to shoot an arrow
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ู…ุญุงูˆู„ุฉ ุงู„ุทูŠุฑุงู† ุงู„ู…ุณุชู‚ูŠู… ูƒุงู†ุช ู…ุดุงุจู‡ุฉ ู„ู…ุญุงูˆู„ุฉ ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ ุงู„ุณู‡ู…
06:54
with the feathered end forward. It was a tough job,
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ุฑูŠุดุชู‡ ููŠ ุทุฑูู‡ ุงู„ุฃู…ุงู…ูŠ. ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ุงู‹ ุนุณูŠุฑุงู‹ ุฌุฏุงู‹ุŒ
06:57
and boy it made me have a lot of respect for nature.
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ูˆ ุงุนุชุฑุงู†ูŠ ุนุฌุจ ุฌุนู„ู†ูŠ ุงู†ุธุฑ ุจุงุญุชุฑุงู… ูุงุฆู‚ ู„ู„ุทุจูŠุนุฉ.
07:00
This was the full size of the original creature.
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ูƒุงู†ุช ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ู†ุณุฎุฉ ููŠ ุญุฌู…ู‡ุง ู…ุณุงูˆูŠุฉ ุชู…ุงู…ุงู‹ ู„ู„ุญุฌู… ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠ ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚.
07:04
We did things on land, in the air, on water --
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ูุนู„ู†ุง ุฃูุนุงู„ุงู‹ ููŠ ุงู„ุจุฑ ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌูˆ ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ุจุญุฑ.
07:07
vehicles of all different kinds, usually with some electronics
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ุนุฑุจุงุช ู…ู† ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉุŒ ู…ุฒูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ูŠุงุช
07:11
or electric power systems in them. I find they're all the same,
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ุฃูˆ ุจูู†ูุธู…ู ูƒู‡ุฑุจุงุฆูŠุฉ ููŠ ุฏุงุฎู„ู‡ุง. ุฅู†ูŠ ูˆุฌุฏุชู‡ุง ูƒู„ู‡ุง ู…ุชู…ุงุซู„ุฉ.
07:14
whether its land, air or water.
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ูˆ ู„ู… ุงุนุฏ ุงู‡ุชู… ููŠู…ุง -- ู„ูˆูƒุงู†ุช ุนุฑุจุงุช ู„ู„ุจุฑ ุงูˆ ู„ู„ุจุญุฑ.
07:18
I'll be focusing on the air here. This is a solar-powered airplane --
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ุฃู†ู†ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ุฃุฑูƒุฒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌูˆ ูู‚ุท. ุชู„ูƒ ู‡ูŠ ุทุงุฆุฑุฉ ุชุฏูุนู‡ุง ุทุงู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุดู…ุณ--
07:22
165 miles carrying a person from France to England
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ูˆ ู„ู‚ุฏ ุญู…ู„ุช ู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ 165 ู…ูŠู„ุงู‹ ุดุฎุตุงู‹ ู…ู† ูุฑู†ุณุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู†ูƒู„ุชุฑุฉ
07:25
as a symbol that solar power is going to be an important part
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ูˆ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุชุฑู…ุฒ ู„ู…ุง ุณูˆู ุชุญุชู„ู‡ ุงู„ุทุงู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุดู…ุณูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุญูŠุฒ ู…ู‡ู…
07:29
of our future. Then we did the solar car for General Motors --
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ููŠ ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ู†ุง. ุซู… ุงู†ู†ุง ุตู†ุนู†ุง ุณูŠุงุฑุฉ ุดู…ุณูŠุฉ ููŠ ุดุฑูƒุฉ ุฌู†ุฑุงู„ ู…ูˆุชูˆุฑุฒ--
07:32
the Sunracer -- that won the race in Australia.
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ูˆ ูุงุฒุช โ€˜ุงู„ู…ุชุณุงุจู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุดู…ุณูŠุฉโ€˜ ููŠ ุณุจุงู‚ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุงุช ููŠ ุฃุณุชุฑุงู„ูŠุง.
07:36
We got a lot of people thinking about electric cars,
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ูˆู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุจูŠู†ู†ุง ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ูŠููƒุฑูˆู† ุจุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุงุช ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุงุฆูŠุฉุŒ
07:38
what you could do with them. A few years later, when we suggested to GM that
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ู…ุง ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ู†ูุนู„ู‡ ุจู‡ุง. ูˆ ุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ุจุณู†ูˆุงุช ุฃุดุฑุช ุนู„ู‰ ุฌู†ุฑุงู„ ู…ูˆุชูˆุฑุฒ
07:41
now is the time and we could do a thing called the Impact,
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ุฃู† ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ู‚ุฏ ุญุงู† ู„ุตู†ุน ุดูŠุฆู ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠุชุฑูƒ ุฃุซุฑุงู‹ุŒ
07:44
they sponsored it, and here's the Impact that we developed with them
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ูˆ ู„ู‚ุฏ ุชุนู‡ุฏูˆุง ุจุฐู„ูƒุŒ ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฃุซุฑ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุฎุฑุฌ ุจุนุฏ ุฃู† ู†ู…ูŠู†ุงู‡ ู†ุญู† ูˆ ุฅูŠุงู‡ู…
07:47
on their programs. This is the demonstrator. And they put huge effort
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ููŠ ุจุฑุงู…ุฌู‡ู…. ุงู„ุจุฑู‡ุงู†. ูˆ ู„ู‚ุฏ ุจุฐู„ูˆุง ุฌู‡ุฏุงู‹ ู‡ุงุฆู„ุงู‹
07:51
into turning it into a commercial product.
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ููŠ ุชุญูˆูŠู„ู‡ ู„ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ูู†ู’ุชูŽุฌุงู‹ ุชุฌุงุฑูŠุงู‹.
07:54
With that preamble, let's show the first two-minute videotape,
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ูˆ ุจุนุฏ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุชู…ู‡ูŠุฏุŒ ุฏุนู†ุง ู†ุดุงู‡ุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู‚ูŠู‚ุชูŠู† ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠุชูŠู† ุดุฑูŠุทุงู‹ ู„ู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ
07:59
which shows a little airplane for surveillance
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ูŠุตูˆุฑ ุทุงุฆุฑุฉ ู…ุฑุงู‚ุจุฉ ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ
08:02
and moving to a giant airplane.
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ุงู†ุชู‚ู„ุช ู„ุชุตูŠุฑ ุทุงุฆุฑุฉ ุนู…ู„ุงู‚ุฉ.
08:06
Narrator: A tiny airplane, the AV Pointer serves for surveillance --
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ูƒุงู†ุช ุทุงุฆุฑุฉ ุถุฆูŠู„ุฉ ุงู„ุญุฌู…ุŒ ูŠุนู…ู„ ุงู„ู…ูˆุดุฑ ููŠู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงู‚ุจุฉ:
08:10
in effect, a pair of roving eyeglasses. A cutting-edge example
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ูƒุงู†ุช ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุฒูˆุฌุงู‹ ู…ู† ุนูŠู†ูŠู† ุฒุฌุงุฌุชูŠู† ู…ุชุญุฑูƒุชูŠู†. ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌ ูุงุฆู‚ ุงู„ุชุทูˆุฑ
08:14
of where miniaturization can lead if the operator is remote
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ู…ู†ู‡ุง ูŠูุณูŠู‘ูŽุฑ ุงู„ุชุตุบูŠุฑ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู…ุดุบู„
08:17
from the vehicle. It is convenient to carry, assemble
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ุจุนูŠุฏุงู‹ ุนู† ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุจุฉ. ูˆ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃู†ุณุจ ุฃู† ุชูุญู…ู„ุŒ ูˆ ุชุฌู…ุน
08:20
and launch by hand. Battery-powered, it is silent and rarely noticed.
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ูˆ ุชุทู„ู‚ ุจุงู„ูŠุฏ. ูˆุจู…ุง ุฃู† ุทุงู‚ุชู‡ุง ู…ุนุทุงุฉ ู…ู† ุจุทุงุฑูŠุฉ ูุฅู†ู‡ุง ุตุงู…ุชุฉ ูˆ ู†ุงุฏุฑุงู‹ ู…ุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุชูู„ู…ุญ.
08:26
It sends high-resolution video pictures back to the operator.
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ูˆ ู‡ูŠ ุชุฑุณู„ ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ุนุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ุฏู‚ุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุดุบู„.
08:29
With onboard GPS, it can navigate autonomously,
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ูˆ ู‡ูŠ ุชุณุชุทูŠุน ุจู…ุง ุชุญู…ู„ู‡ ู…ู† ู†ุธุงู… ุชุญุฏูŠุฏ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุนุŒ ุฃู† ุชุชุฌูˆู„ ุจุงุณุชู‚ู„ุงู„ูŠุฉุŒ
08:33
and it is rugged enough to self-land without damage.
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ูˆ ููŠู‡ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ู…ุง ูŠุณู…ุญ ู„ู‡ุง ุฃู† ุชู‡ุจุท ุจู†ูุณู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ ู…ู† ุบูŠุฑ ุถุฑุฑ.
08:38
The modern sailplane is superbly efficient.
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ูˆ ุงู„ุทุงุฆุฑุฉ ุงู„ุดุฑุงุนูŠุฉ ูุนุงู„ุฉ ุจุงู…ุชูŠุงุฒ.
08:41
Some can glide as flat as 60 feet forward for every foot of descent.
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ูุฅู† ุงู„ุจุนุถ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ูŠุณุชุทูŠุน ุฃู† ูŠู†ุฒู„ู‚ ุจุงุณุชูˆุงุก ู…ุณุงูุฉ 60 ู‚ุฏู…ุงู‹ ู…ู‚ุงุจู„ ุฃู† ุชู†ุญุฏุฑ ู‚ุฏู…ุงู‹ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู†ุญูˆ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ.
08:46
They are powered only by the energy
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ุฃู…ุง ุงู„ุทุงู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู„ุฏูŠู‡ุง ูุฅู†ู‡ุง ุชุฃุชูŠู‡ุง ูู‚ุท ู…ู…ุง
08:47
they can extract from the atmosphere --
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ุชุณุชู…ุฏู‡ ู…ู† ุทุงู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุบู„ุงู ุงู„ุฌูˆูŠ--
08:50
an atmosphere nature stirs up by solar energy.
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ูˆุงู„ุบู„ุงู ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ุงู„ุฌูˆูŠ ูŠุชุญุฑูƒ ุจูˆุงุณุทุฉ ุทุงู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุดู…ุณ.
08:53
Humans and soaring birds have found nature to be generous
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ุฅู† ุงู„ุจุดุฑ ูˆ ุงู„ุทูŠูˆุฑ ุงู„ู…ุญู„ู‚ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌูˆ ูŠุฌุฏูˆู† ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนุฉ ูƒุฑูŠู…ุฉ ู…ุนุทุงุก
08:56
in providing replenishable energy. Sailplanes have flown
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ูƒูˆู†ู‡ุง ู…ุตุฏุฑุงู‹ ู„ุทุงู‚ุฉ ู…ุชุฌุฏุฏุฉ. ู„ู‚ุฏ ุทุงุฑุช ุงู„ุทุงุฆุฑุฉ ุงู„ุดุฑุงุนูŠุฉ
09:00
over 1,000 miles, and the altitude record is over 50,000 feet.
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ู…ุง ูŠููˆู‚ ุนู† ุงู„ู€ 1ุŒ000ู…ูŠู„ู ูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ุนู„ูˆ ู‚ูŠุงุณูŠ ูุงู‚ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ 50ุŒ000 ู‚ุฏู….
09:04
(Music)
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(ู…ูˆุณูŠู‚ู‰)
09:09
The Solar Challenger was made to serve as a symbol
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ุตูู†ุนุช "ุงู„ุชุดุงู„ู†ุฌุฑ ุงู„ุดู…ุณูŠุฉ" ูƒูŠ ุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ูƒู…ุซุงู„
09:12
that photovoltaic cells can produce real power
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ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ุถูˆุฆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุณุชุทูŠุน ุฃู†ุชุงุฌ ุทุงู‚ุฉ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠุฉ
09:15
and will be part of the world's energy future.
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ูˆ ู‡ูŠ ุณูˆู ุชูƒูˆู† ุฌุฒุกุงู‹ ู…ู† ุทุงู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู….
09:18
In 1981, it flew 163 miles from Paris to England,
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ุทุงุฑุช ููŠ ุนุงู… 1981ุŒ ู…ู† ุจุงุฑูŠุณ ุฅู„ู‰ ุจุฑูŠุทุงู†ูŠุง ู…ุณูุฉ 163 ู…ูŠู„ุงู‹
09:22
solely on the power of sunbeams,
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ุจุงู„ุฅุนุชู…ุงุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุดุนุฉ ุงู„ุดู…ุณ ูู‚ุทุŒ
09:24
and established a basis for the Pathfinder.
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ูˆ ุฃุฑุณุช ุฃุณุณุงู‹ ู„ู„ู…ุณุชูƒุดููŠู† ุจุนุฏู‡ุง.
09:27
(Music)
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(ู…ูˆุณูŠู‚ู‰)
09:30
The message from all these vehicles is that ideas and technology
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ุฅู† ุงู„ุฑุณุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุญู…ู„ู‡ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุจุงุช ู‡ูŠ ุฃู† ุงู„ุฃููƒุงุฑ ูˆ ุงู„ุชูƒู†ูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุง
09:34
can be harnessed to produce remarkable gains in doing more with less --
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ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ุชูุณุฎู‘ูŽุฑูŽ ู„ุชู†ุชุฌ ู…ูƒุงุณุจ ุบูŠุฑ ุนุงุฏูŠุฉ ุจุฃู† ุชู‚ุฏู… ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู‚ุงุจู„ ุงู„ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุ›
09:39
gains that can help us attain a desirable balance
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ุฅู†ู‡ุง ู…ูƒุงุณุจ ูŠู…ูƒู† ู†ุชูˆุตู„ ุจู‡ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชูˆุงุฒู† ุงู„ู…ู†ุดูˆุฏ
09:42
between technology and nature. The stakes are high
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ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุชูƒู†ูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนุฉ. ุฅู† ุงู„ู…ุฎุงุทุฑ ุชุฑุชูุน
09:45
as we speed toward a challenging future.
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ููŠ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู†ุณุฑุน ููŠู‡ ู†ุญูˆ ุชุญุฏูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„.
09:49
Buckminster Fuller said it clearly: "there are no passengers
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ุฃู…ุง ุจูˆูƒู…ูŠู†ุณุชุฑ ููˆู„ุง ูู‚ุฏ ู‚ุงู„ู‡ุง ุจูˆุถูˆุญ: ู„ูŠุณ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู…ู† ุฑูƒุงุจ
09:52
on spaceship Earth, only crew. We, the crew,
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ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุจุฉ ุงู„ูุถุงุฆูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฏุนูˆุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถุŒ ุงู„ุทุงู‚ู… ูู‚ุท. ู†ุญู†ุŒ ุงู„ุทุงู‚ู…ุŒ
09:56
can and must do more with less -- much less."
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ู†ุณุชุทูŠุน ุงู† ู†ูุนู„ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุŒ ูˆ ุงู„ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู‚ู„ุฉ.
10:02
Paul MacCready: If we could have the second video, the one-minute,
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ู‡ู†ุง ู†ุณุชุทูŠุน ุงู† ู†ุฑู‰ ุดุฑูŠุท ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ุซุงู†ุŒ ุฅู†ู‡ ุดุฑูŠุท ู„ุฏู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉุŒ
10:05
put in as quickly as you can, which -- this will show
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ุถุนู‡ ุจุงุณุฑุน ู…ุง ุชุณุชุทูŠุนุŒ ุงูŠ -- ู‡ุฐุง ุณูˆู ูŠุนุฑุถ
10:09
the Pathfinder airplane in some flights this past year in Hawaii,
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ุงู„ุทุงุฆุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูƒุดูุฉ ููŠ ุนุฏุฉ ุทูŠุฑุงู†ุงุช ู„ู‡ุง ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ุณู†ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠุฉ ููŠ ู‡ุงูˆุงูŠุŒ
10:18
and will show a sequence of some of the beauty behind it
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ูˆ ุณูˆู ู†ุฑู‰ ุณู„ุณู„ุฉ ู…ุชุนุงู‚ุจุฉ ู…ู† ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌู…ุงู„ ุงู„ูƒุงู…ู† ูˆุฑุงุกู‡ุง
10:22
after it had just flown to 71,530 feet --
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ุจุนุฏ ุงู† ุญู„ู‚ุช ุนู„ู‰ ุนู„ูˆ ู„ู… ูŠุฒุฏ ุนู† 71ุŒ530 ู‚ุฏู…ุงู‹--
10:27
higher than any propeller airplane has ever flown.
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ุฃุนู„ู‰ ู…ู…ุง ูˆุตู„ุชู‡ ุฃูŠ ุทุงุฆุฑุฉ ู…ุฑูˆุญูŠุฉ ู‚ุจู„ู‡ุง.
10:30
It's amazing: just on the puny power of the sun --
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ุฅู†ู‡ ู„ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฏู‡ุด ุฃู†ู‡ ุจุทุงู‚ุฉ ุถุนูŠูุฉ ู…ุณุชู…ุฏุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุดู…ุณ--
10:33
by having a super lightweight plane, you're able to get it up there.
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ูˆ ุจุทุงุฆุฑุฉ ูุงุฆู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุฎูุฉ ููŠ ูˆุฒู†ู‡ุง ุงู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ู†ุญู† ุงู„ุจุดุฑ ุฃู† ู†ุตู„ ุงู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ุนู„ูˆ.
10:38
It's part of a long-term program NASA sponsored.
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ูˆ ู„ู‚ุฏ ูƒุงู† ุฐู„ูƒ ุฌุฒุกุงู‹ ู…ู† ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌ ุทูˆูŠู„ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฏ ุชุฑุนุงู‡ ู†ุงุณุง.
10:41
And we worked very closely with the whole thing being a team effort,
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ูˆ ู‚ุฏ ูƒุงู† ู„ู†ุง ุงู† ู†ุนู…ู„ ุนู„ู‰ ู†ุญูˆ ู…ุชุฑุงุต ููŠ ูƒู„ ุดูŠุก ูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุนู…ู„ ูŠุชุทู„ุจ ุฌู‡ุฏ ุงู„ูุฑูŠู‚ุŒ
10:47
and with wonderful results like that flight.
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ูˆ ุงู†ุชู‡ู‰ ุฅู„ู‰ ู†ุชุงุฆุฌ ุฑุงุฆุนุฉ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุทุงุฆุฑุฉ.
10:52
And we're working on a bigger plane -- 220-foot span --
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ูˆู†ุญู† ู†ุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุขู† ุนู„ู‰ ุฅู†ุชุงุฌ ุทุงุฆุฑุฉ ุฃูƒุจุฑ-- ุงู…ุชุฏุงุฏ ุฌู†ุงุญูŠู‡ุง 220-ู‚ุฏู…ุงู‹--
10:55
and an intermediate-size, one with a regenerative fuel cell
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ู…ุชูˆุณุทุฉ ุงู„ุญุฌู… ุนู„ู‰ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ู…ูˆู„ุฏุฉ ู„ู„ูˆู‚ูˆุฏ
10:58
that can store excess energy during the day, feed it back at night,
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ุชุณุชุทูŠุน ุชุฎุฒูŠู† ูุงุฆุถ ุงู„ุทุงู‚ุฉ ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงุฑุŒ ู„ุชุฒูˆุฏ ุจู‡ุง ุงู„ุทุงุฆุฑุฉ ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠู„ุŒ
11:01
and stay up 65,000 feet for months at a time.
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ูˆ ุชุธู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุนู„ูˆ 65ุŒ000 ู‚ุฏู…ู ุทูˆุงู„ ุงุดู‡ุฑ ููŠ ูƒู„ ู…ุฑุฉ.
11:05
(Music)
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(ู…ูˆุณูŠู‚ู‰)
11:10
Ray Morgan's voice will come in here.
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ูˆ ุณูˆู ูŠุฃุชูŠู†ุง ุตูˆุช โ€˜ุฑุงูŠ ู…ูˆุฑุบูˆู†โ€˜ ุฅู„ู‰ ู‡ู†ุง.
11:12
There he's the project manager. Anything they do
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ุงู†ู‡ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู…ุฏูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ุดุฑูˆุน. ูˆ ุงูŠ ุดูŠุก ูŠุนู…ู„ูˆู†ู‡
11:14
is certainly a team effort. He ran this program. Here's ...
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ู‡ูˆ ู…ู† ุฏูˆู† ุดูƒ ุนู…ู„ ุฌู…ุงุนูŠ. ุฅู†ู‡ ูŠู‚ูˆุฏ ุงู„ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌ. ูˆ ู‡ุงูƒู… ...
11:21
some things he showed as a celebration at the very end.
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ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุงู„ุชูŠ ุนุฑุถู‡ุง ููŠ ู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉ ุงู„ุฅุญุชูุงู„ ุจุงู†ุชู‡ุงุก ุงู„ุนู…ู„.
11:25
Ray Morgan: We'd just ended a seven-month deployment of Hawaii.
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ู‡ุง ู†ุญู† ู‚ุฏ ุฃู†ู‡ูŠู†ุง ุณุจุนุฉ ุฃุดู‡ุฑ ู…ู† ุนู…ู„ู†ุง ููŠ ู‡ุงูˆุงูŠ.
11:29
For those who live on the mainland, it was tough being away from home.
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ูˆ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ู…ู‚ูŠู…ูŠู† ููŠ ุฃุฑุถ ุงู„ูˆุทู†ุŒ ูŠุจุฏูˆ ุงู„ุจุนุฏ ุนู†ู‡ ุงู…ุฑุงู‹ ุดุงู‚ุงู‹.
11:35
The friendly support, the quiet confidence, congenial hospitality
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ูˆ ูƒุงู† ู…ู† ุฃู…ุฑ ุงู„ุฏุนู… ุงู„ูˆุฏูŠ ูˆ ุงู„ุซู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู…ุฉ ูˆ ูƒุฑู… ุงู„ุทุจุงุน ููŠ ุงู„ุถูŠุงูุฉ
11:39
shown by our Hawaiian and military hosts --
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ุงู„ุชูŠ ุฃุจุฏุงู‡ุง ู„ู†ุง ุฃุจู†ุงุก ู‡ุงูˆุงูŠ ูˆ ู…ุถูŠููˆู†ุง ุงู„ุนุณูƒุฑูŠูˆู†--
11:41
(Music)
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(ู…ูˆุณูŠู‚ู‰)
11:44
this is starting --
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ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฅู†ุทู„ุงู‚ุฉ--
11:45
made the experience enjoyable and unforgettable.
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ุฌุนู„ุช ุงู„ุชุฌุฑุจุฉ ู…ู…ุชุนุฉ ูˆ ู„ุง ุชู†ุณู‰.
11:48
PM: We have real-time IR scans going out through the Internet
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ูˆ ู‚ุฏ ุญุถูŠู†ุง ุจู…ุณุญ ุจุงู„ุฃุดุนุฉ ู…ุงุชุญุช ุงู„ุญู…ุฑุงุก ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ุจุงุดุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฅู†ุชุฑู†ุช
11:52
while the plane is flying. And it's exploring
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ููŠ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ุทุงุฆุฑุฉ ู…ุญู„ู‚ุฉ ููŠู‡. ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู…ุณุญ ูŠุฌุฑูŠ
11:55
without polluting the stratosphere. That's its goal: the stratosphere,
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ุญุชู‰ ู…ู† ุฏูˆู† ุงู„ุชู„ูˆุซ ููŠ ุงู„ุทุจู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุนู„ูŠุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุบู„ุงู ุงู„ุฌูˆูŠ. ุฐู„ูƒ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู‡ุฏู: ุฅู†ู‡ ุงู„ุทุจู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุนู„ูŠุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุบู„ุงู ุงู„ุฌูˆูŠุŒ
11:58
the blanket that really controls the radiation of the earth
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ุฅู†ู‡ ุงู„ุฏุซุงุฑ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุชุญูƒู… ุญู‚ุงู‹ ุจุงู„ุฅุดุนุงุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ
12:02
and permits life on earth to be the success that it is --
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ูˆ ูŠุณู…ุญ ู„ู„ุญูŠุงุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ ุฃู† ุชูƒูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุงู‡ูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุฌุงุญ.
12:06
probing that is very important. And also we consider it
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ุงู„ุชุญู‚ู‚ ู…ู† ูˆุถุนู‡ ู…ู‡ู… ุฌุฏุงู‹. ูˆ ู†ุญู† ุฃูŠุถุงู‹ ู†ุนุชุจุฑ ุงู„ุทุงุฆุฑุฉ
12:11
as a sort of poor man's stationary satellite,
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ุจู…ุซุงุจุฉ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุชุงุจุน ู„ู„ุฃุฑุถ ู‡ูˆ ู‚ู…ุฑ ุงุตุทู†ุงุนูŠ ู…ู† ุตู†ุน ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุฒู‡ูŠุฏ ุงู„ุซู…ู†ุŒ
12:15
because it can stay right overhead for months at a time,
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ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุณุชุทูŠุน ุฃู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ููŠ ุงู„ุณู…ุงุก ู„ุฃุดู‡ุฑ ููŠ ูƒู„ ู…ุฑุฉ--
12:19
2,000 times closer than the real GFC synchronous satellite.
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ุฃู‚ุฑุจ ุฅู„ูŠู†ุง 2ุŒ000 ู…ุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ู‚ู…ุฑ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนูŠ ุงู„ู…ุชุฒุงู…ู† ู…ุนู‡ GFC.
12:24
We couldn't bring one here to fly it and show you.
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ุฅู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุทุงุน ุฃู† ู†ุฌู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ู„ุชุทูŠุฑ ู‡ู†ุง ูˆ ู†ุฑูŠูƒู….
12:28
But now let's look at the other end.
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ู„ูƒู† ุฏุนูˆู†ุง ุงู„ุขู† ู†ู†ุธุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุทุฑู ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ. ู…ูˆุงูู‚ูˆู†. ู„ู‚ุฏ ุฃุฑูŠุชูƒู… --
12:32
In the video you saw that nine-pound or eight-pound Pointer airplane
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ููŠ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุฑุฃูŠุชู…ูˆู‡ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ู…ุคุดุฑ ุงู„ุทุงุฆุฑุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุฒู† ุชุณุนุฉ ุฃูˆ ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฃุฑุทุงู„ ุงู†ูƒู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ
12:36
surveillance drone that Keenan has developed
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ุทุงุฆุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงู‚ุจุฉ ุฐุงุช ุงู„ุฃุฒูŠุฒ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุทูˆุฑู‡ุง โ€˜ูƒูŠู†ุงู†โ€˜
12:41
and just done a remarkable job. Where some have servos
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ูˆ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุฃุฏุช ุนู…ู„ุง ู…ุฑู…ูˆู‚ุงู‹ ุจุงู„ูุนู„. ูˆ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ู…ุงูƒูŠู†ุงุช
12:44
that have gotten down to, oh, 18 or 25 grams,
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ู‚ุฏ ุงู†ุญุฏุฑ ูˆุฒู†ู‡ุง ู†ุฒูˆู„ุงู‹ุŒ ุฃู‡ ุŒ ุฅู„ู‰ 18 ุฃูˆ 25 ุบุฑุงู…ุงู‹ุŒ
12:47
his weigh one-third of a gram. And what he's going to bring out here
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ูˆ ุงุฎุฑู‰ ุฅู„ู‰ ุซู„ุซ ุงู„ุบุฑุงู…. ูˆ ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ููŠ ุทุฑูŠู‚ู‡ ู„ุฃู† ูŠุฌู„ุจ ู‡ู†ุง
12:52
is a surveillance drone that weighs about 2 ounces --
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ู‡ูˆ ุทุงุฆุฑุฉ ู…ุฑุงู‚ุจุฉ ุฐุงุช ุฃุฒูŠุฒ ุชุฒู† ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ุฃูˆู‚ูŠุชูŠู† --
12:56
that includes the video camera, the batteries that run it,
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ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุดู…ู„ ูƒุงู…ูŠุฑุฉ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆุŒ ูˆ ุงู„ุจุทุงุฑูŠุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุณูŠู‘ูุฑู‡ุงุŒ
12:59
the telemetry, the receiver and so on. And we'll fly it, we hope,
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ุขู„ุฉ ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงุณ ุนู† ุจุนุฏุŒ ูˆุงู„ู…ุชู„ู‚ูŠุฉ ูˆ ู…ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ. ูˆ ุณูˆู ู†ุทูŠู‘ูŽุฑู‡ุงุŒ ูƒู…ุง ู†ุฃู…ู„ุŒ
13:06
with the same success that we had last night when we did the practice.
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ุจู†ูุณ ุงู„ู†ุฌุงุญ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุญู‚ู‚ู†ุงู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠุฉ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ู…ุงุฑุณู†ุง ุชุทุจูŠู‚ู‡ุง.
13:10
So Matt Keenan, just any time you're --
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ูˆ ู‡ูƒุฐุง โ€˜ู…ูŽุงุชู‘ู’ ูƒูŠู†ุงู†โ€˜ ุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุงู‹ ููŠ ุฃูŠ ูˆู‚ุช --
13:13
all right
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ู…ูˆุงูู‚ูˆู†
13:14
-- ready to let her go. But first, we're going to make sure
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-- ู…ุณุชุนุฏูˆู† ุงู† ู†ุฌุนู„ู‡ุง ุชู†ุทู„ู‚. ู„ูƒู† ุณูˆู ู†ุชุฃูƒุฏ
13:18
that it's appearing on the screen, so you see what it sees.
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ู…ู† ุธู‡ูˆุฑู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุดุงุดุฉุŒ ุจุญูŠุซ ุชุฑูˆู† ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุฃู†ุชู… ู…ุง ู†ุฑุงู‡ ู†ุญู†ุŒ
13:22
You can imagine yourself being a mouse or fly inside of it,
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ุฅู† ููŠ ูˆุณุน ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู†ูƒู… ุงุชู† ูŠุชุตูˆุฑ ู†ูุณู‡ ูุฃุฑุฉ ูˆ ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ุณุงูุฑ ููŠู‡ุง
13:26
looking out of its camera.
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ูŠู†ุธุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ูƒุงู…ูŠุฑุชู‡ุง.
13:33
Matt Keenan: It's switched on.
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ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุดุบุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุขู†.
13:35
PM: But now we're trying to get the video. There we go.
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ุฅู„ุง ุฃู†ู†ุง ู†ุญุงูˆู„ ุงู„ุขู† ุฃู† ู†ุญุตู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ. ู‡ุง ู†ุญู† ู†ู†ุทู„ู‚.
13:41
MK: Can you bring up the house lights?
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ู‡ู„ ุจุฅู…ูƒุงู†ูƒ ุฃู† ุชุดุบู„ ุถูˆุก ุงู„ู‚ุงุนุฉุŸ
13:43
PM: Yeah, the house lights and we'll see you all better
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ุจู„ู‰ุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุถูˆุงุก ุงู„ู‚ุงุนุฉ ุณูˆู ู†ุฑู‰ ูƒู„ ุดูŠุกู ุจุตูˆุฑุฉ ุฃูุถู„
13:46
and be able to fly the plane better.
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ูˆ ุณูˆู ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุทุงุน ุชุทูŠูŠุฑ ุงู„ุทุงุฆุฑุฉ ุจุตูˆุฑุฉ ุฃูุถู„.
13:48
MK: All right, we'll try to do a few laps around and bring it back in.
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ุตุญูŠุญุŒ ุณูˆู ู†ุญุงูˆู„ ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุจุนุฏุฉ ู„ูุงุช ุซู… ู†ุนูŠุฏู‡ุง ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ.
13:54
Here we go.
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ู‡ุง ู†ุญู† ู†ู†ุทู„ู‚.
14:00
(Applause)
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(ุชุตููŠู‚)
14:08
PM: The video worked right for the first few and I don't know why it --
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ุงุดุชุบู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ุจุดูƒู„ ุตุญูŠุญ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„. ูˆ ู„ุง ู†ุฏุฑูŠ ู„ู…ุงุฐุง ู‡ูˆ --
14:14
there it goes.
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ู‡ุง ู‡ูˆ ูŠู†ุทู„ู‚.
14:21
Oh, that was only a minute, but I think you'd be safe
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ุขู‡ุŒ ู„ู‚ุฏ ูƒุงู† ุฐู„ูƒ ู„ุฏู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ูู‚ุทุŒ ู„ูƒู†ู†ูŠ ุฃุธู† ุงู†ูƒู… ุจุงู…ุงู†
14:25
to have that near the end of the flight, perhaps.
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ุฐู„ูƒ ู‚ุฑูŠุจุงู‹ ู…ู† ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุทูŠุฑุงู†ุŒ ุฑุจู…ุง.
14:30
We get to do the classic.
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ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุฃู† ู†ุดุบู„ ุงู„ู…ูˆุณูŠู‚ู‰ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงุณูŠูƒูŠุฉ.
14:35
All right.
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ู…ูˆุงูู‚ูˆู†.
14:36
If this hits you, it will not hurt you.
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ุฅุฐุง ุตุฏู…ุชูƒู…ุŒ ูู„ู† ุชุคุฐูŠูƒู….
14:38
(Laughter)
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(ุถุญูƒ)
14:41
OK.
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ุญุณู†ุง.
14:42
(Applause)
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(ุชุตููŠู‚)
14:58
Thank you very much. Thank you.
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ุฃุดูƒุฑูƒู… ุฌุฒูŠู„ ุงู„ุดูƒุฑ. ุดูƒุฑุงู‹.
14:59
(Applause)
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(ุชุตููŠู‚)
15:06
But now, as they say in infomercials,
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ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุขู†ุŒ ูƒู…ุง ูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ุฅุนู„ุงู†ุงุชุŒ
15:09
we have something much better for you, which we're working on:
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ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ุดูŠุฆุงู‹ ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุฃูุถู„ ุจูƒุซูŠุฑุŒ ุดูŠุฆุงู‹ ู†ุนู…ู„ ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุขู†:
15:13
planes that are only six inches -- 15 centimeters -- in size.
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ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุทุงุฆุฑุฉ ู„ู‡ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุญุฌู… -- 15 ุณู†ุชูŠู…ุชุฑุงู‹- ุณุชุฉ ุฅู†ุดุงุช ูู‚ุท.
15:18
And Matt's plane was on the cover of Popular Science last month,
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ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุทุงุฆุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุบู„ุงู ู…ุฌู„ุฉ "ุงู„ุนู„ู… ุงู„ุดุงุฆุน" ุงู„ุดู‡ุฑ ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠุŒ
15:24
showing what this can lead to. And in a while, something this size
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ู„ุชุธู‡ุฑ ู…ุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠู‚ูˆุฏ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุนู…ู„ ุฅู„ูŠู‡. ูˆ ู„ู† ูŠุทูˆู„ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดูŠุกูŒ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู„ู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุญุฌู…
15:28
will have GPS and a video camera in it. We've had one of these fly
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ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุฏุงุฎู„ู‡ ู†ุธุงู… ุชุญุฏูŠุฏ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงู‚ุน ูˆ ูƒุงู…ูŠุฑุฉ ููŠุฏูŠูˆ. ูˆูƒุงู†ุช ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุทุงุฆุฑุฉ ุทูŠุฑุฉ
15:34
nine miles through the air at 35 miles an hour
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ุญู„ู‚ุช ููŠู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุนู„ูˆ ุชุณุนุฉ ุฃู…ูŠุงู„ู ููŠ ุงู„ุฌูˆ ูˆ ุจุณุฑุนุฉ 35 ู…ูŠู„ุงู‹ ููŠ ุงู„ุณุงุนุฉ
15:37
with just a little battery in it.
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ูˆ ูƒุงู† ููŠู‡ุง ุจุทุงุฑูŠุฉ ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ู„ุงุบูŠุฑ ุชู…ุฏู‡ุง ุจุงู„ุทุงู‚ุฉ.
15:39
But there's a lot of technology going.
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ู„ูƒู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ููŠ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุชูƒู†ูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุงุช ู‚ุงุฏู…ุฉ.
15:40
There are just milestones along the way of some remarkable things.
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ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง ู„ูŠุณ ุฅู„ุง ู…ูŽุนู’ู„ูŽู…ุงู‹ ูˆุงุญุฏุงู‹ ู…ู† ู…ุนุงู„ู… ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุจุงุฑุฒุฉ ู„ู† ุชู„ุจุซ ุฃู† ุชุตู„.
15:45
This one doesn't have the video in it,
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ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุทุงุฆุฑุฉ ู„ูŠุณุช ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ููŠ ุฏุงุฎู„ู‡ุงุŒ
15:48
but you get a little feel from what it can do.
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ู„ูƒู† ู„ุฏูŠูƒู… ุฅุญุณุงุณ ุจู…ุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ู„ู‡ุง ุฃู† ุชูุนู„.
15:52
OK, here we go.
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ุญุณู†ุงุŒ ุชุนุงู„ูˆุง ู‡ูŠุง ุจู†ุง !
15:58
(Laughter)
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(ุถุญูƒ)
16:04
MK: Sorry.
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ุนููˆุงู‹.
16:05
OK.
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ุญุณู†ุง.
16:06
(Applause)
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(ุชุตููŠู‚)
16:10
PM: If you can pass it down when you're done. Yeah, I think --
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ุฅุฐุง ูƒู†ุชู… ุชุณุทูŠุนูˆู† ุฃู† ุชู…ุฑุฑูˆู‡ุง ุฅู„ูŠู‘ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุชูู†ุชู‡ูˆู† ู…ู†ู‡ุง. ุจู„ู‰ุŒ ุฃุธู† --
16:14
I lost a little orientation; I looked up into this light.
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ุงุถุนุช ุงู„ุชูˆุฌูŠู‡ ุ› ู„ู‚ุฏ ู†ุธุฑุช ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุนู„ู‰ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ุถูˆุกุŒ ู„ูƒู†
16:18
It hit the building. And the building was poorly placed, actually.
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ู„ูƒู†ู‡ุง ุงุตุทุฏู…ุช ุจุงู„ุจู†ุงูŠุฉ. ูˆููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุงู„ุจู†ุงูŠุฉ ู„ู… ุชูˆุถุน ุญูŠุซ ูŠุฌุจ.
16:22
(Laughter)
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(ุถุญูƒ)
16:24
But you're beginning to see what can be done.
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ู„ูƒู†ูƒู… ุจุฏุฃุชู… ุชุฑูˆู† ู…ุง ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุตู†ุนู‡.
16:28
We're working on projects now -- even wing-flapping things
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ู†ุญู† ู†ุนู…ู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฅู†ุฌุงุฒ ู…ุดุฑูˆุน ุงู„ุขู†ุŒ ุฅู† ู„ู‡ ุฌู†ุงุญุงู† ูŠุฎูู‚ุงู†
16:30
the size of hawk moths -- DARPA contracts, working with Caltech, UCLA.
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ู„ู‡ ุญุฌู… ุญุดุฑุฉ ุงู„ุนุซุŒ ุงู„ุนู‚ุฏ ู„ู€ ุฏูŠ ุขูŠ ุขุฑ ุจูŠ ุขูŠ ุŒ ูˆ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ ู…ู† ูƒุงู„ุชูŠุชุดุŒ ูŠูˆ ุณูŠ ุฅู„ ุขูŠ. ู„ุณุช ุฃุฏุฑูŠ
16:36
Where all this leads, I don't know. Is it practical? I don't know.
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ุฅู„ู‰ ุงูŠู† ูŠุตู„ ุจู†ุง ู‡ุฐุงุŒ ู„ุณุช ุฃุฏุฑูŠ. ู‡ู„ ู‡ูˆ ุนู…ู„ูŠุŸ ู„ุณุช ุฃุฏุฑูŠ.
16:39
But like any basic research, when you're really forced to do things
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ู„ูƒู†ู‡ ู…ู…ุงุซู„ ู„ุฃูŠ ุนู…ู„ ุจุญุซูŠุŒ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ูุฑุบู…ุงู‹ ุนู„ู‰ ุตู†ุน ุฃุดูŠุงุก
16:43
that are way beyond existing technology,
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ุชุชุฎุทู‰ ุจู…ุณุงูุงุช ุงู„ุชูƒู†ูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉุŒ
16:45
you can get there with micro-technology, nanotechnology.
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ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ุชุตู„ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุจุชูƒู†ูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุง ู…ุชู†ุงู‡ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุตุบุฑุŒ ู†ุงู†ูˆุชูƒู†ูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุง.
16:49
You can do amazing things when you realize
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ุฅู†ูƒ ุชุณุทูŠุน ุฃู† ุชูุนู„ ุฃุดูŠุงุก ู…ุฐู‡ู„ุฉ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุชุชุญู‚ู‚
16:51
what nature has been doing all along. As you get to these small scales,
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ู…ู…ุง ุชู‚ูˆู… ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนุฉ ุจูุนู„ู‡ ุทูˆุงู„ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช. ูˆ ุฃู†ุช ู…ุง ุฃู† ุชุตู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงูŠูŠุณ ุงู„ุจุงู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุตุบุฑุŒ
16:54
you realize we have a lot to learn from nature -- not with 747s --
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ุณูˆู ุชุชุญู‚ู‚ ุฃู† ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุงู† ู†ุชุนู„ู… ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนุฉ -- ู„ูŠุณ ุจุทุงุฆุฑุงุช 747--
16:58
but when you get down to the nature's realm,
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ู„ูƒู† ุนู†ุฏู… ุชู†ุฒู„ ุนู…ูŠู‚ุงู‹ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ู…ู„ูƒุฉ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนุฉุŒ
17:01
nature has 200 million years of experience.
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ูุฅู† ู„ู„ุทุจูŠุนุฉ 200 ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ุณู†ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎุจุฑุฉุŒ
17:04
It never makes a mistake. Because if you make a mistake,
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ูˆ ู‡ูŠ ู„ุง ุชุฎุทุฆู ู…ุทู„ู‚ุงู‹. ู„ุฃู†ูƒ ุฃู† ู‚ู…ุช ุจุฎุทุฃ ู…ุงุŒ
17:07
you don't leave any progeny.
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ู„ู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ูƒ ุฐุฑูŠุฉ ู…ุทู„ู‚ุงู‹.
17:09
We should have nothing but success stories from nature,
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ู„ูŠุณ ู„ู†ุง ุงู† ู†ุนู…ู„ ุดูŠุฆุงู‹ ู„ู„ุทุจูŠุนุฉ ุบูŠุฑ ู‚ุตุต ุงู„ู†ุฌุงุญุŒ
17:12
for you or for birds, and we're learning a lot
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ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ูƒู… ูˆ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ุทูŠูˆุฑุŒ ู†ุญู† ู†ุชุนู„ู… ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ
17:16
from its fascinating subjects.
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ู…ู† ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุณุงุญุฑ.
17:18
In concluding, I want to get back to the big picture
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ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงุตุฉุŒ ุฃุฑูŠุฏ ุฃู† ุฃุนูˆุฏ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฅุฌู…ุงู„ูŠุฉ
17:24
and I have just two final slides to try and put it in perspective.
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ูˆ ู…ุนูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ููŠู„ู…ุงู† ุดูุงูุงู† ู†ู‡ุงุฆูŠุงู† ู„ู„ุชุฌุฑุจุฉ ูˆู„ู„ูˆุถุน ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุดู‡ุฏ.
17:31
The first I'll just read. At last, I put in three sentences
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ุฃู„ุฃูˆู„ ุงู†ุชู‡ูŠุช ู…ู† ู‚ุฑุงุกุชู‡ ู„ู„ุชูˆ. ูˆ ู„ู‚ุฏ ุนุจุฑุช ุนู†ู‡ ู…ุคุฎุฑุงู‹ ููŠ ุซู„ุงุซ ุฌู…ู„
17:35
and had it say what I wanted.
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ูˆูƒุงู† ุนู„ูŠ ุงู† ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ู…ุง ุฃุฑูŠุฏ ู‚ูˆู„ู‡.
17:37
Over billions of years on a unique sphere, chance has painted
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ูˆ ุฎู„ุงู„ ุจู„ุงูŠูŠู† ุงู„ุณู†ูŠู† ุงู„ุชูŠ ู…ุฑุช ุนู„ู‰ ูƒูˆูƒุจู†ุงุŒ ุฑุณุณู…ุช ุงู„ุธุฑูˆู ุนู„ูŠู‡
17:40
a thin covering of life -- complex, improbable, wonderful
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ุบุทุงุก ุฑู‚ูŠู‚ุงู‹ ู…ู† ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉ: ู…ุนู‚ุฏุงู‹ ูˆ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุชูˆู‚ุน ูˆ ุฎู„ุงุจุงู‹
17:44
and fragile. Suddenly, we humans -- a recently arrived species,
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ูˆ ู‡ุดุงู‹. ูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ู†ุญูˆ ูุฌุงุฆูŠุŒ ุฃุฎุฐู†ุง ู†ุญู† ุงู„ุจุดุฑุŒ ูˆู†ุญู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ุชูŠ ุธู‡ุฑุช ุญุฏูŠุซุงูุŒ
17:47
no longer subject to the checks and balances inherent in nature --
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ูˆ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู„ู… ุชุนุฏ ุฎุงุถุนุฉ ู„ู„ุถุจุท ูˆ ู„ู„ุชูˆุงุฒู† ุงู„ู…ุชุฃุตู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนุฉุŒ
17:51
have grown in population, technology and intelligence
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ู†ู†ู…ูˆ ุณูƒุงู†ูŠุง ูˆ ุชูƒู†ูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุงู‹ ูˆ ุฐูƒุงุฆูŠุงู‹
17:55
to a position of terrible power. We now wield the paintbrush.
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ูˆ ูˆุตู„ู†ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ูˆุถุน ู…ุฑุนุจ ู…ู† ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ. ูˆ ู†ุญู† ู†ู…ุณูƒ ุงู„ุขู† ูุฑุดุงุฉ ุงู„ุฑุณู…ุŒ
17:59
And that's serious: we're not very bright. We're short on wisdom;
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ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุฃู…ุฑ ุฎุทูŠุฑ. ูู†ุญู† ู„ุณู†ุง ู…ุชุฃู„ู‚ูŠู†. ูˆ ู†ุญู† ู†ูุชู‚ุฑ ู„ู„ุญูƒู…ุฉุ›
18:03
we're high on technology. Where's it going to lead?
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ูˆ ู†ุญู† ู„ุงู…ุนูˆู† ููŠ ู…ุฌุงู„ ุงู„ุชูƒู†ูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุง. ูˆ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงูŠู† ุณูˆู ูŠู‚ูˆุฏ ู‡ุฐุงุŸ
18:07
Well, inspired by the sentences, I decided to wield the paintbrush.
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ุญุณู†ุงุŒ ูˆ ู…ู† ูˆุญูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฌูู…ู„ุŒ ู‚ุฑุฑุช ุฃู† ุงุณุชุฎุฏู… ูุฑุดุงุฉ ุงู„ุฑุณู….
18:11
Every 25 years I do a picture. Here's the one --
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ูˆ ุงู† ุฃุฑุณู… ุตูˆุฑุฉ ูƒู„ 25 ุณู†ุฉ. ูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ --
18:14
tries to show that the world isn't getting any bigger.
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ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุฑูŠู†ุง ุงู† ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ู„ู… ูŠุฒุฏุฏ ูƒูุจุฑุงู‹.
18:17
Sort of a timeline, very non-linear scale, nature rates
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ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุฌุฏูˆู„ ุฒู…ู†ูŠุŒ ู…ู‚ุงูŠูŠุณู‡ ุจุนูŠุฏุฉ ุฌุฏุงู‹ ุนู† ุงุณุชู‚ุงู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุทุŒ ูˆ ู†ุณุจ ุทุจูŠุนูŠุฉ
18:21
and trilobites and dinosaurs, and eventually we saw some humans
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ูˆ ุซู„ุงุซูŠุฉ ุงู„ูุตูˆุต ูˆ ุฏูŠู†ุงุตูˆุฑุงุชุŒ ูˆ ููŠ ุขุฎุฑ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ู†ุฑู‰ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุจุดุฑ
18:25
with caves ... Birds were flying overhead, after pterosaurs.
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ููŠ ุงู„ูƒู‡ูˆู... ูˆ ุทูŠูˆุฑ ุชุทูŠุฑ ููˆู‚ ุฑุคูˆุณ ุงู„ุชุฑูŠุตูˆุฑุงุช.
18:30
And then we get to the civilization above the little TV set
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ูˆ ู†ุญุตู„ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุฏู†ูŠุฉ ููˆู‚ ุชู„ูุฒูŠูˆู† ุตุบูŠุฑ
18:33
with a gun on it. Then traffic jams, and power systems,
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ููˆู‚ู‡ ุณู„ุงุญ ู†ุงุฑูŠ. ูˆ ุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ุชุงุชูŠ ุฃุฎุชู†ุงู‚ุงุช ุงู„ู…ุฑูˆุฑุŒ ูˆ ุฃู†ุธู…ุฉ ุงู„ุทุงู‚ุฉุŒ
18:37
and some dots for digital. Where it's going to lead -- I have no idea.
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ูˆ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุงุท ุชุฑู…ุฒ ู„ู„ุฑู‚ู…ูŠุงุช-- ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃูŠู† ุณูˆู ูŠู‚ูˆุฏู†ุง ู‡ุฐุงุŒ ู„ูŠุณ ู„ุฏูŠ ุฃูŠ ููƒุฑุฉ.
18:42
And so I just put robotic and natural cockroaches out there,
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ูˆ ู‡ูƒุฐุง ูˆุถุนุช ููŠู‡ุง ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุตุฑุงุตูŠุฑ ุจุนุถู‡ุง ุฑูˆุจูˆุชูŠ ูˆ ุจุนุถู‡ุง ุทุจูŠุนูŠ.
18:46
but you can fill in whatever you want. This is not a forecast.
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ู„ูƒู†ูƒ ุชุณุทูŠุน ุฃู† ุชู…ู„ุฃ ุงู„ู…ูƒุงู† ุจู…ุง ุชุฑูŠุฏ. ุฅู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ู„ูŠุณุช ู†ุจูˆุกุฉ.
18:49
This is a warning, and we have to think seriously about it.
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ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุฅู†ุฐุงุฑุŒ ูˆ ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุฃู† ู†ููƒุฑ ุจุฌุฏูŠุฉ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ.
18:53
And that time when this is happening is not 100 years or 500 years.
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ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ู„ู… ูŠุญุตู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ู…ู†ุฐ 100 ุณู†ุฉ ุฃูˆ 500 ุณู†ุฉ.
18:57
Things are going on this decade, next decade;
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ุฅู†ู‡ ุฃู…ุฑ ุญุตูˆู„ู‡ ู…ุชูˆุงุตู„ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุนู‚ุฏ ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุณู†ูŠู†ุŒ ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ุนู‚ุฏ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฏู… ู…ู†ู‡ุง.
19:03
it's a very short time that we have to decide what we are going to do.
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ูˆ ู…ู†ุฐ ูˆู‚ุช ู‚ุตูŠุฑ ุฌุฏุงู‹ ู‚ุฑุฑู†ุง ุงู† ู†ู‚ูˆู… ุจู…ุง ู†ุญู† ู†ูุนู„ู‡ ุงู„ุขู†.
19:08
And if we can get some agreement on where we want the world to be --
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ูˆุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู„ู†ุง ุฃู† ู†ุตู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุดูŠุกู ู…ู† ุงู„ุชูˆุงูู‚ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃูŠู† ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู†ุฑูŠุฏ ู„ู„ุนุงู„ู… ุฃู† ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ --
19:12
desirable, sustainable when your kids reach your age --
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ุงู„ุฃูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุฑุบูˆุจุŒ ุงู„ู…ุชูŠู† ุงู„ุฃุณุณ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุณูˆู ูŠุชูˆุงุฌุฏ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠุตู„ ุฃุทูุงู„ูƒู… ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนู…ุฑ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุงู†ุชู… ููŠู‡ --
19:15
I think we actually can reach it. Now, I said this was a warning,
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ุฃู†ุง ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ุฃู†ู†ุง ู†ุณุชุทูŠุน ุญู‚ุงู ุฃู† ู†ุตู„ ุฅู„ูŠู‡. ุงู„ุขู† ุฃู†ุง ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุฅู†ุฐุงุฑ
19:19
not a forecast. That was before --
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ูˆ ู„ูŠุณ ู†ุจุคุฉ. ูƒุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ู‚ุจู„ุงู‹ --
19:21
I painted this before we started in on making robotic versions
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ุฑุณู…ุช ู‡ุฐุง ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ุฃู† ุฃุจุฏุฃ ููŠ ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ู†ู…ุงุฐุฌ ุงู„ุฑูˆุจูˆุช
19:26
of hawk moths and cockroaches, and now I'm beginning to wonder
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ูˆ ุตู‚ุฑ ุงู„ุนุซ ูˆ ุงู„ุตุฑุงุตูŠุฑุŒ ูˆ ุงู„ุขู† ู„ู‚ุฏ ุจุฏุฃุช ุฃุชุณุงุกู„ ู…ุชุนุฌุจุงู‹
19:30
seriously -- was this more of a forecast than I wanted?
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ุจุดูƒู„ ุฌุฏูŠุŒ ู‡ู„ ูƒุงู† ุฐู„ูƒ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุจุคุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุฃุฑุฏุชู‡ุงุŸ
19:32
I personally think the surviving intelligent life form on earth
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ุฃู†ุง ุดุฎุตูŠุงู‹ ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู† ุงุณุชู…ุฑุงุฑ ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉ ุงู„ุฐูƒูŠุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ
19:35
is not going to be carbon-based; it's going to be silicon-based.
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ู„ู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุฑุชูƒุฒุงู‹ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู†ุ› ุจู„ ุณูˆู ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุฑุชูƒุฒุงู‹ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุณู„ูŠูƒูˆู†.
19:39
And so where it all goes, I don't know.
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ูˆ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃูŠู† ู‡ู… ูƒู„ู‡ู… ุณุงุฆุฑูˆู†ุŒ ู„ุณุช ุฃุฏุฑูŠ.
19:45
The one final bit of sparkle we'll put in at the very end here
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ูˆ ุงู„ุดุฑุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุณูˆู ุชู†ู‚ุฏุญ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุทุฑู ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงุฆูŠ ู‡ู†ุง
19:51
is an utterly impractical flight vehicle,
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ู‡ูŠ ุชู…ุงู…ุง ูˆ ุจุงู„ุถุจุท ุงู„ุนุฑุจุฉ ุงู„ุทุงุฆุฑุฉ ุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉุŒ
19:55
which is a little ornithopter wing-flapping device that --
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ู‡ูŠ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุขู„ุฉ ุงู„ุญูˆุงู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฎูุงู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฌู†ุญุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ--
20:02
rubber-band powered -- that we'll show you.
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ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุณุชู…ุฏ ู‚ูˆุชู‡ุง ู…ู† ุฑุจุทุฉ ุงู„ู…ุทุงุท -- ุณูˆู ุชูุนุฑุถ ุนู„ูŠูƒู….
20:12
MK: 32 gram. Sorry, one gram.
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32 ุบุฑุงู…. ุนููˆุงู‹ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุบุฑุงู… ูˆุงุญุฏ.
20:24
PM: Last night we gave it a few too many turns
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ู„ุง ุฃูƒุซุฑ. ุงู„ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠุฉ ุฌุนู„ุชู‡ุง ุชุฏูˆุฑ ุฏูˆุฑุงุช ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฏูˆุฑุงุช ุงู„ูุงุฆุถุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู„ุฒูˆู….
20:27
and it tried to bash the roof out also. It's about a gram.
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ูˆ ู„ู‚ุฏ ุญุงูˆู„ุช ุฃู† ุชุตุฏู… ุงู„ุณุทุญ ุฃูŠุถุงู‹. ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุบุฑุงู… ูˆุงุญุฏ.
20:32
The tube there's hollow, about paper-thin.
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ุงู„ุฃู†ุจูˆุจ ุงู„ู…ุฌูˆูุŒ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ููŠ ุณู…ุงูƒุฉ ุงู„ูˆุฑู‚ุฉ.
20:38
And if this lands on you, I assure you it will not hurt you.
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ูˆ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุฅู† ุญุทุช ุนู„ูŠูƒุŒ ุฃู†ุง ุฃุคูƒุฏ ู„ูƒ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ู„ู† ุชุคุฐูŠูƒ.
20:41
But if you reach out to grab it or hold it, you will destroy it.
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ูˆ ู„ูƒู†ูƒ ุฅุฐุง ุญุงูˆู„ุช ุงู„ุชู‚ุงุทู‡ุง ูˆ ุงู„ุฅู…ุณุงูƒ ุจู‡ุง ูุณูˆู ุชุฏู…ุฑู‡ุง.
20:44
So, be gentle, just act like a wooden Indian or something.
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ูˆ ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุนู„ูŠูƒ ุฃู† ุชูƒูˆู† ู„ุทูŠูุงู‹ุŒ ุชุตุฑู ูู‚ุท ูƒู…ุง ู„ูˆ ุฃู†ูƒ ู‡ู†ุฏูŠ ู…ุชุฎุดุจ ุฃูˆ ุดูŠุฆุงู‹ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง.
20:49
And when it comes down -- and we'll see how it goes.
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ูˆ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุชุตู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ-- ุณูˆู ุชุฑู‰ ูƒูŠู ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุญุงู„.
20:55
We consider this to be sort of the spirit of TED.
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ุฅู†ู†ุง ู†ู†ุธุฑ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ุง ูƒู…ุง ู„ูˆ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุฑูˆุญ ู„ู€ โ€˜ุชูŠ ุฅูŠ ุฏูŠโ€˜.
21:00
(Applause)
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(ุชุตููŠู‚)
21:05
And you wonder, is it practical? And it turns out if I had not been --
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ูˆ ุฃู†ูƒู… ู„ุชู†ุฏู‡ุดูˆู†ุŒ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉุŸ ูˆ ุณูˆู ูŠุชุจูŠู† ุฅู† ู„ู… ุฃูƒู†--
21:09
(Laughter)
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(ุถุญูƒ)
21:15
(Applause)
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(ุชุตููŠู‚)
21:21
Unfortunately, we have some light bulb changes.
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ูˆ ู„ุณูˆุก ุงู„ุญุธุŒ ู„ุฏูŠู†ุงุŒ ู…ุตุจุงุญ ูŠุญุชุงุฌ ู„ู„ุชุบูŠุฑ.
21:24
We can probably get it down,
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ุฅู†ู†ุง ุฑุจู…ุง ุงุณุชุทุนู†ุง ุฅู†ุฒุงู„ู‡ุง.
21:25
but it's possible it's gone up to a greater destiny up there --
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ูˆ ู‚ุฏ ูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ู‡ุง ู…ุตูŠุฑ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุนุงู„ูŠ --
21:28
(Laughter)
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(ุถุญูƒ)
21:29
-- than it ever had. And I wanted to make --
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-- ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุง ูŠุญุตู„ ุฏูˆู…ุงู‹. ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุง ุฃุฑุฏุช ุนู…ู„ู‡ --
21:32
(Applause)
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(ุชุตููŠู‚)
21:35
just --
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-- ุชู…ุงู…ุงู‹--
21:36
(Applause)
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(ุชุตููŠู‚)
21:37
But I want to make just two points. One is, you think it's frivolous;
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ู„ูƒู†ู†ูŠ ุฃุฑุฏุช ุฃู† ุฃู‚ุฏู… ู†ู‚ุทุชูŠู† ูู‚ุท. ุฃูˆู„ุงู‡ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุฃู†ูƒู… ุชุธู†ูˆู†ู‡ุง ุชุงูู‡ุฉุ›
21:43
there's nothing to it. And yet if I had not been making ornithopters
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ูˆ ุงู†ู‡ ู„ุง ุดูŠุก ู…ุณุชู‡ุฏู ู…ู†ู‡ุง. ูˆ ุงู†ู‡ ู„ู… ุชุตู†ุน ุจุนุฏ ุญูˆุงู…ุฉ
21:46
like that, a little bit cruder, in 1939 -- a long, long time ago --
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ู…ุซู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ุŒ ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุญูˆุงู…ุฉ ุฃุบู„ุธ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุงู‹ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ุŒ ุนุงู… 1939-- ููŠ ุฒู…ู† ุจุนูŠุฏุŒ ุจุนูŠุฏ ู…ุถู‰--
21:52
there wouldn't have been a Gossamer Condor,
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ูˆ ู„ู… ูŠูƒู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ โ€˜ุบูˆุณู†ุงุฑ ูƒู†ุฏูˆุฑโ€˜
21:54
there wouldn't have been an Albatross, a Solar Challenger,
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ู„ูˆ ู„ู… ูŠุณุจู‚ู‡ โ€˜ุฃู„ุจุงุชุฑูˆุณโ€˜ ุŒ โ€˜ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏูŠ ุงู„ุดู…ุณูŠโ€˜ุŒ
21:56
there wouldn't be an Impact car, there wouldn't be a mandate
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ูˆ ู…ุงูƒู†ุช ู„ุชูˆุฌุฏ ุณูŠุงุฑุฉ โ€˜ุฅู…ุจุงูƒุชโ€˜ ู„ูˆ ูŠูƒู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฃู…ุฑ ุฑุณู…ูŠ
21:58
on zero-emission vehicles in California.
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ุจุฅูŠุฌุงุฏ ุณูŠุงุฑุงุช ููŠ ูƒุงู„ูŠููˆุฑู†ูŠุง ุฅู†ุจุนุงุซู ุงู„ุบุงุฒุงุช ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุตูุฑ.
22:01
A lot of these things -- or similar -- would have happened some time,
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ูˆ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก --ุงู„ู…ู…ุงุซู„ุฉ -- ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ุชุญุตู„ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุฐุงุชู‡ุŒ
22:03
probably a decade later. I didn't realize at the time
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ุงูˆ ููŠ ุนู‚ุฏ ู„ุงุญู‚ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฒู…ู†. ุฃู†ุง ู„ู… ุฃุชุญู‚ู‚ ู…ู† ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช
22:06
I was doing inquiry-based, hands-on things with teams,
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ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูƒู†ุช ุฃุญู‚ู‚ - ุงูˆู„ูŠุงู‹ุŒ ุจุงู„ุชุนุงูˆู† ู…ุน ูุฑู‚ุŒ
22:10
like they're trying to get in education systems.
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ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุจุฏุง ู„ูŠ ุฃู†ู‡ู… ูŠุญุงูˆู„ูˆู† ุฃู† ูŠุชุฏุฎู„ูˆุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฃู†ุธู…ุฉ ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู…ูŠุฉ.
22:13
So I think that, as a symbol, it's important.
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ูˆ ุฃุธู† ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง ู…ู‡ู… ุจุตูุชู‡ ุงู„ุฑู…ุฒูŠุฉ.
22:16
And I believe that also is important. You can think of it
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ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู†ู‡ ุจุฐุงุชู‡ ู…ู‡ู…ูŒ ุฃูŠุถุงู‹. ุจุงู…ูƒุงู†ูƒู… ุงู„ุชููƒูŠุฑ ุจู‡
22:19
as a sort of a symbol for learning and TED
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ุจูˆุตูู‡ ุฑู…ุฒุงู‹ ู„ู€ [ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุบูŠุฑ ูˆุงุถุญุฉ] ูˆ ู„ู€ ุชูŠ ุฅูŠ ุฏูŠ
22:26
that somehow gets you thinking of technology and nature,
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ุงู„ุชูŠ ุฌุนู„ุชูƒู… ุนู„ู‰ ู†ุญูˆ ู…ุง ุชููƒุฑูˆู† ุจุงู„ุชูƒู†ูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุง ูˆ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนุฉุŒ
22:31
and puts it all together in things that are --
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ูˆ ุชุถุนูˆู† ุงู„ุฅุซู†ูŠู† ู…ุนุงู‹ ููŠ ุฃุดูŠุงุก ู‡ูŠ --
22:34
that make this conference, I think, more important than any
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ุงู„ุชูŠ ุฌุนู„ุช ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุคุชู…ุฑุŒ ุฃุธู†ุŒ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุฃู‡ู…ูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุฃูŠ
22:36
that's taken place in this country in this decade.
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ู…ุคุชู…ุฑ ุงู†ุนู‚ุฏ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุจู„ุฏ ู…ู†ุฐ ุนู‚ูˆุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฒู…ู†.
22:39
Thank you. (Applause)
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ุดูƒุฑุงู‹
ุญูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน

ุณูŠู‚ุฏู… ู„ูƒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน ู…ู‚ุงุทุน ููŠุฏูŠูˆ YouTube ุงู„ู…ููŠุฏุฉ ู„ุชุนู„ู… ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ. ุณุชุฑู‰ ุฏุฑูˆุณ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุชู… ุชุฏุฑูŠุณู‡ุง ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุฏุฑุณูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู…ู† ุฌู…ูŠุน ุฃู†ุญุงุก ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…. ุงู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูˆุถุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุตูุญุฉ ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ. ูŠุชู… ุชู…ุฑูŠุฑ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุงุช ุจุงู„ุชุฒุงู…ู† ู…ุน ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ. ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู„ุฏูŠูƒ ุฃูŠ ุชุนู„ูŠู‚ุงุช ุฃูˆ ุทู„ุจุงุช ุŒ ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ุจู†ุง ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ู‡ุฐุง.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7