Paul MacCready: Nature vs. humans, and what we can do about

36,386 views ใƒป 2008-10-23

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Shahar Rodrig ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:18
You hear that this is the era of environment -- or biology, or information technology ...
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ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉื–ื”ื• ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” -- ืื• ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”, ืื• ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข...
00:25
Well, it's the era of a lot of different things
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืื ื• ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืขื™ื“ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื
00:27
that we're in right now. But one thing for sure:
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ื›ื™ื•ื. ืื‘ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“ ื‘ื˜ื•ื—:
00:29
it's the era of change. There's more change going on
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ื–ื”ื• ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™. ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืžืชืจื—ืฉื™ื ื›ืขืช
00:32
than ever has occurred in the history of human life on earth.
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืฉืจ ื”ืชืจื—ืฉื• ืœื›ืœ ืื•ืจืš ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื›ื“ื•ืจ-ื”ืืจืฅ.
00:38
And you all sort of know it, but it's hard to get it
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ื•ื›ื•ืœื›ื ื‘ืขืจืš ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื–ืืช, ืืš ืงืฉื” ืœืชืคื•ืฉ ืืช ื–ื”
00:41
so that you really understand it.
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ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื‘ืืžืช ื™ื•ื‘ืŸ.
00:43
And I've tried to put together something that's a good start for this.
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ื ื™ืกื™ืชื™ ืœื—ื‘ืจ ื“ื•ื’ืžื ื›ืœืฉื”ื™ ืฉืชื“ื’ื™ื ื–ืืช.
00:48
I've tried to show in this -- though the color doesn't come out --
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ื ื™ืกื™ืชื™ ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ื‘ืขืงื•ืžื” ื”ื–ื• -- ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืœื ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื”ืฆื‘ืข --
00:52
that what I'm concerned with is the little 50-year time bubble
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ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืžื ื• ืื ื™ ืžื•ื“ืื’ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื•ืขืช ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื‘ืช 50 ื”ืฉื ื™ื
00:56
that you are in. You tend to be interested in a generation past,
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ื‘ื” ืืชื ื ืžืฆืื™ื. ืื ื—ื ื• ื ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœื”ืชืขืกืง ื‘ื“ื•ืจ ืฉืขื‘ืจ
01:00
a generation future -- your parents, your kids, things you can change
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ื‘ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืขืชื™ื“ -- ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื›ื, ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืœื›ื, ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉื ื•ืช
01:04
over the next few decades -- and this 50-year time bubble
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ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืขืฉื•ืจื™ื ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื -- ื•ืืชื ืžืชื ื”ืœื™ื
01:06
you kind of move along in. And in that 50 years,
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ื‘ืชื•ืš ื‘ื•ืขืช ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื–ื•. ื‘ืžื”ืœืš 50 ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืœืœื•
01:10
if you look at the population curve, you find the population of humans
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ืื ืชืกืชื›ืœื• ืขืœ ืขืงื•ืžืช ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื”, ืชืžืฆืื• ื›ื™ ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื” ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช
01:14
on the earth more than doubles and we're up three-and-a-half times
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ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžื›ืคื™ืœื” ืืช ืขืฆืžื”, ื”ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืคื™ 3.5
01:19
since I was born. When you have a new baby,
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ืžืื– ืฉืื ื™ ื ื•ืœื“ืชื™. ืžื”ืจื’ืข ืฉื ื•ืœื“ ืœื›ื ืชื™ื ื•ืง
01:22
by the time that kid gets out of high school
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ืขื“ ืœืจื’ืข ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืกื™ื™ื ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ
01:26
more people will be added than existed on earth when I was born.
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื ืฉื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื• (ืœืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื”) ืžืืฉืจ ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื” ืงื™ื™ื ื›ืฉืื ื™ ื ื•ืœื“ืชื™.
01:30
This is unprecedented, and it's big.
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ื–ื” ื—ืกืจ ืชืงื“ื™ื, ื•ืขืฆื•ื.
01:33
Where it goes in the future is questioned. So that's the human part.
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ืžื•ื˜ืœ ื‘ืกื™ืžืŸ ืฉืืœื” ืœืืŸ ื–ื” ื”ื•ืœืš ื‘ืขืชื™ื“. ืื–, ื–ื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืื“ื.
01:37
Now, the human part related to animals: look at the left side of that.
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ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื: ื”ืกืชื›ืœื• ืขืœ ื”ืฆื“ ื”ืฉืžืืœื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืงืฃ
01:42
What I call the human portion -- humans and their livestock and pets --
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ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืžื›ื ื” ื”ื ืชื— ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ -- ื‘ื ื™-ืื“ื, ื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืง ื•ื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื—ืžื“ --
01:45
versus the natural portion -- all the other wild animals and just --
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ืœืขื•ืžืช ื”ื ืชื— ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ -- ื›ืœ ืฉืืจ ื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ืคืจื --
01:49
these are vertebrates and all the birds, etc.,
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ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื—ื•ืœื™ื™ืชื ื™ื ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื•ื›ื•ืœื™
01:53
in the land and air, not in the water. How does it balance?
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ืขืœ ื”ื™ื‘ืฉื” ื•ื‘ืื•ื™ืจ, ืœื ื‘ื™ื. ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื–ื” ืžืชืื–ืŸ?
01:57
Certainly, 10,000 years ago, the civilization's beginning,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื™ืœื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ื”ื—ืœื” ืœืคื ื™ ื›-10,000 ืฉื ื™ื,
02:02
the human portion was less than one tenth of one percent. Let's look at it now.
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ื”ื ืชื— ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ ื”ื™ื•ื•ื” ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืขืฉื™ืจื™ืช ื”ืื—ื•ื–. ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื‘ื—ืŸ ื–ืืช ื›ืขืช.
02:07
You follow this curve and you see the whiter spot in the middle --
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ืื ืชืขืงื‘ื• ืื—ืจ ื”ืขืงื•ืžื”, ืชืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘ ืœื ืง' ื”ืœื‘ื ื” ื‘ืืžืฆืข
02:11
that's your 50-year time bubble. Humans, livestock and pets
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื‘ื•ืขืช ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื‘ืช 50 ื”ืฉื ื”. ื‘ื ื™-ืื“ื, ื—ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืง ื•ื—ื™ื•ืช ืžื—ืžื“
02:16
are now 97 percent of that integrated total mass on earth
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ื”ื ื›ืขืช 97 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืžื”ืžืกื” ื”ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ
02:20
and all wild nature is three percent. We have won. The next generation
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ื›ืœ ื™ืชืจ ื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ืคืจื ืžื”ื•ื•ืช ื›-3 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื. ื ื™ืฆื—ื ื•. ื”ื“ื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื
02:24
doesn't even have to worry about this game -- it is over.
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ืœื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื“ืื•ื’ -- ื–ื” ื ื’ืžืจ.
02:27
And the biggest problem came in the last 25 years:
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ื•ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืฆืฆื” ื‘ืžื”ืœืš 25 ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช:
02:31
it went from 25 percent up to that 97 percent.
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ืขืœื™ื ื• ืž-25 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืœ-97 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื.
02:34
And this really is a sobering picture upon realizing that we, humans,
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืื›ืŸ ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ื’ื•ืจืžืช ืœื ื• ืœื”ืชืคื›ื— ื•ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ืื ื—ื ื•, ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื,
02:40
are in charge of life on earth; we're like the capricious Gods
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ืื—ืจืื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ; ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืขื™ืŸ ืืœื™ื ื’ื—ืžื ื™ื™ื
02:44
of old Greek myths, kind of playing with life --
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ื›ืžื• ืืœื• ื”ืžื•ืคื™ืขื™ื ื‘ืžื™ืชื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ืช, ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื ืขื ื—ื™ื™ื --
02:49
and not a great deal of wisdom injected into it.
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ืœืœื ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืื• ื—ื›ืžื” ื”ืžื•ืฉืงืขืช ื‘ื›ืš.
02:53
Now, the third curve is information technology.
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ื”ืขืงื•ืžื” ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกืช ืœื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข.
02:57
This is Moore's Law plotted here, which relates to density
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ื”ื’ืจืฃ ืžืฆื™ื’ ืืช ื—ื•ืง ืžื•ึผืจ, ื”ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช
03:01
of information, but it has been pretty good for showing
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ืฉืœ ืžื™ื“ืข, ืื•ืœื ื”ื•ื ื—ืœ ืขืœ
03:04
a lot of other things about information technology --
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ื”ืจื‘ื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ืœื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ืžื™ื“ืข --
03:07
computers, their use, Internet, etc. And what's important
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ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื, ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื”ื, ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื•ื›ื•'. ืžื” ืฉื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ื•ื
03:11
is it just goes straight up through the top of the curve,
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ืฉื”ื’ืจืฃ ืขื•ืœื” ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ืช
03:14
and has no real limits to it. Now try and contrast these.
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ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ืืžื™ืชื™. ื ืกื• ืœื”ืฉื•ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ 2 ื”ื’ืจืคื™ื.
03:20
This is the size of the earth going through that same --
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ื–ื”ื• ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ืžื•ืฆื’ ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืื•ืคืŸ --
03:22
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
03:24
-- frame. And to make it really clear, I've put all four on one graph.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื”ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื, ืื™ื—ื“ืชื™ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืืจื‘ืขื” ืœื’ืจืฃ ืื—ื“.
03:30
There's no need to see the little detailed words on it.
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ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœื›ื™ืชื•ื‘.
03:33
That first one is humans-versus-nature;
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ื”ื’ืจืฃ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืžืฆื™ื’ ืืช ื”ืื“ื ืžื•ืœ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข;
03:38
we've won, there's no more gain. Human population.
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ื ื™ืฆื—ื ื•, ืื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื” ืœื”ืจื•ื•ื™ื—. ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช.
03:41
And so if you're looking for growth industries to get into,
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ืื ืืชื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ืชืขืฉื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ืฉื›ื“ืื™ ืœื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืืœื™ื”ืŸ,
03:43
that's not a good one -- protecting natural creatures. Human population
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืื™ื ื ื” ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” -- ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข. ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช
03:48
is going up; it's going to continue for quite a while.
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ื’ื“ืœื” ื•ืžืชืจื—ื‘ืช; ื”ื™ื ืขื•ืžื“ืช ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื‘ื›ืš ืœืžืฉืš ื–ืžืŸ ืžื”.
03:51
Good business in obstetricians, morticians, and farming, housing, etc. --
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ืจืคื•ืื” ืžื™ื™ืœื“ืช, ืงื‘ืจื ื•ืช, ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ืื“ืžื”, ืขืกืงื™ ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื•ื›ื“' --
03:57
they all deal with human bodies, which require being fed,
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ื›ื•ืœื ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืื“ื, ื”ื“ื•ืจืฉ ืžื–ื•ืŸ,
04:02
transported, housed and so on. And the information technology,
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ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื”, ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืœืื”. ื•ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข,
04:07
which connects to our brains, has no limit -- now, that is a wonderful
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ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื” ืœืžื•ื— ื”ืื“ื, ืื™ืŸ ืœื” ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช -- ื–ื” ืชื—ื•ื ื ืคืœื
04:11
field to be in. You're looking for growth opportunity?
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ืœื”ืชืขืกืง ื‘ื•. ืืชื ืžื—ืคืฉื™ื ืื•ืคืฆื™ื•ืช ืœืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช?
04:13
It's just going up through the roof.
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ื”ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื–ื” ืžืจืงื™ืข ืฉื—ืงื™ื.
04:16
And then, the size of the Earth. Somehow making these all compatible
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ื•ื”ื’ืจืฃ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ, ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ. ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื–ื”
04:19
with the Earth looks like a pretty bad industry to be involved with.
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ืœื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ื ื“ืžื” ื›ืชืขืฉื™ื” ืฉืœื ื›ื“ืื™ ืœื”ืฉืงื™ืข ื‘ื”.
04:24
So, that's the stage out of all this. I find,
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ืื– ื–ื”ื• ื”ืžืฆื‘. ืื ื™ ืžื•ืฆื,
04:28
for reasons I don't understand, I really do have a goal.
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ืžืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื‘ืจื•ืจื•ืช ืœื™, ืฉืื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืžื˜ืจื”.
04:31
And the goal is that the world be desirable and sustainable
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ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ืขื•ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืงื•ื ืจืื•ื™ ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื•
04:35
when my kids reach my age -- and I think that's -- in other words,
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืœื“ื™ื™ ื™ื’ื™ืขื• ืœื’ื™ืœื™ -- ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื” -- ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช,
04:39
the next generation. I think that's a goal that we probably all share.
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ื”ื“ื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื. ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื•ื”ื™ ืžื˜ืจื” ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื• ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœื•ื•ื“ืื™ ื—ื•ืœืงื™ื.
04:42
I think it's a hopeless goal. Technologically, it's achievable;
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ื›ื™ ื–ื• ืžื˜ืจื” ื—ืกืจืช ืชืงื•ื•ื”. ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ื”;
04:45
economically, it's achievable; politically,
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ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช, ื‘ืจืช ื”ืฉื’ื”; ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืช,
04:48
it means sort of the habits, institutions of people -- it's impossible.
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ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื”ืจื’ืœื™ื, ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช -- ื–ื” ื‘ืœืชื™ ืืคืฉืจื™.
04:53
The institutions of the past with all their inertia
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ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ืจ, ืขื ื›ืœ ื›ื— ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื”ืชืžื“ื”,
04:55
are just irrelevant for the future, except they're there
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ืื™ื ื ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื™ื ืœืขืชื™ื“, ืืœื ืฉื”ื ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื
04:59
and we have to deal with them. I spend about 15 percent of my time
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขืžื. ืื ื™ ืžื›ืœื” ื›-15 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืžื–ืžื ื™
05:05
trying to save the world, the other 85 percent, the usual --
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ื‘ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื•ืืช 85 ื”ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ื”ื ื•ืชืจื™ื, ื›ืžื• ื›ื•ืœื --
05:08
and whatever else we devote ourselves to.
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ืœืฉืืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืœื™ื”ื ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชืžืกืจื™ื.
05:11
And in that 15 percent, the main focus is on human mind, thinking skills,
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ื‘-15 ื”ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ื”ืœืœื•, ื”ืคื•ืงื•ืก ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื”ื•ื ืขืœ ื”ืชื•ื“ืขื” ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช, ื›ื™ืฉื•ืจื™ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื”,
05:17
somehow trying to unleash kids from the straightjacket of school,
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ืื™ื›ืฉื”ื• ืœื ืกื•ืช ื•ืœืฉื—ืจืจ ืืช ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืžื›ืชื•ื ืช ื”ืžืฉื•ื’ืขื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ,
05:20
which is putting information and dogma into them,
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ื”ืžืงื‘ืขืช ืื•ืชื ืœื›ื“ื™ ื“ื•ืื’ืžื•ืช,
05:23
get them so they really think, ask tough questions, argue
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ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื”ื ื‘ืืžืช ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘, ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืฉืืœื•ืช, ืœื”ืชื•ื•ื›ื—
05:26
about serious subjects, don't believe everything that's in the book,
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ืขืœ ืื•ื“ื•ืช ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืจืฆื™ื ื™ื™ื, ืœื ืœื”ืืžื™ืŸ ืœื›ืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ืกืคืจ,
05:30
think broadly or creative. They can be.
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ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืจื—ื‘ื” ืื• ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ืช. ื”ื ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœื›ืš.
05:33
Our school systems are very flawed and do not reward you
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ืžืขืจื›ืช ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ ืฉืœื ื• ืคื’ื•ืžื”, ื”ื™ื ืื™ื ื ื” ืžืชื’ืžืœืช ืื•ืชืš
05:37
for the things that are important in life
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื
05:39
or for the survival of civilization; they reward you
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ืื• ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืฉืจื“ื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื™ืœื™ื–ืฆื™ื”; ื”ื™ื ืžืชื’ืžืœืช ืื•ืชืš
05:41
for a lot of learning and sopping up stuff.
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœืžื™ื“ื” ืžืจื•ื‘ื” ื•ืกืคื™ื’ื” ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืžืจ ืจื‘.
05:46
We can't go into that today because there isn't time --
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ืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ื–ืžืŸ ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœื›ืš ื”ื™ื•ื --
05:50
it's a broad subject. One thing for sure, in the future
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ื–ื”ื• ื ื•ืฉื ืจื—ื‘. ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“ ื‘ื˜ื•ื—, ืœืขืชื™ื“
05:53
there is an essential feature -- necessary, but not sufficient --
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ื™ืฉ ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ ื”ื›ืจื—ื™ ืืš ืœื ืžืกืคื™ืง --
06:00
which is doing more with less. We've got to be doing things
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื ืคื—ื•ืช. ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื‘ืฆืข ื“ื‘ืจื™ื
06:04
with more efficiency using less energy, less material.
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ื‘ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืชื•ืš ื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ืคื—ื•ืช ืื ืจื’ื™ื”, ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื.
06:06
Your great-great grandparents got by on muscle power,
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ื”ืกื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืกื‘ื™ื ืฉืœื›ื ื”ืกืชื“ืจื• ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื›ื— ืฉืจื™ืจ,
06:10
and yet we all think there's this huge power that's essential
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ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ, ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœื›ื— ืขืฆื•ื ืืฉืจ ื”ื›ืจื—ื™
06:14
for our lifestyle. And with all the wonderful technology we have
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ืœื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืื•ืจื— ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•. ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื›ืœ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ื ืคืœืื” ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ืืžืชื—ืชื ื•
06:18
we can do things that are much more efficient: conserve, recycle, etc.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื‘ืฆืข ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ: ืœืฉืžืจ, ืœืžื—ื–ืจ, ื•ื›ื•'.
06:26
Let me just rush very quickly through things that we've done.
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ืชื ื• ืœื™ ืœืกืงื•ืจ ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื›ืžื” ืžื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืขืฉื™ื ื•.
06:29
Human-powered airplane -- Gossamer Condor sort of started me
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ื›ืœื™ ืชืขื•ืคื” ื”ืžื•ื ืขื™ื ืข"ื™ ื›ื— ืื“ื -- ื’ื•ืกืืžืจ ืงื•ื ื“ื•ืจ ื”ื™ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ
06:32
in this direction in 1976 and 77,
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ื‘ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ื‘-1976 ื•-77',
06:38
winning the Kremer prize in aviation history,
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ื”ื•ื ื–ื›ื” ื‘ืคืจืก ืงืจืžืจ
06:40
followed by the Albatross. And we began
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ืœืื—ืจ ื–ื›ื™ื™ืช ื”ืืœื‘ืื˜ืจื•ืก. ื”ืชื—ืœื ื•
06:43
making various odd planes and creatures.
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ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ื›ืœื™ ืชืขื•ืคื” ื•ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื•ืžืฉื•ื ื™ื.
06:46
Here's a giant flying replica of a pterosaur that has no tail.
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ื”ื ื” ื”ืขืชืง ืฉืœ ืคื˜ืจื•ื–ืื•ืจ ืขื ืง ืžืขื•ืคืฃ ืœืœื ื–ื ื‘.
06:51
Trying to have it fly straight is like trying to shoot an arrow
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ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื• ืœืขื•ืฃ ื™ืฉืจ ื–ื” ื›ืžื• ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœื™ืจื•ืช ื—ืฅ
06:54
with the feathered end forward. It was a tough job,
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื–ื ื‘ื• ืคื•ื ื” ืงื“ื™ืžื”. ื–ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžืฉื™ืžื” ืงืฉื”,
06:57
and boy it made me have a lot of respect for nature.
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ื•ื‘ื—ื™ื™, ื”ื™ื ื’ืจืžื” ืœื™ ืœื”ืขืจื™ืš ืžืื•ื“ ืืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืข.
07:00
This was the full size of the original creature.
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ื–ื”ื• ื”ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ืžืœื ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™.
07:04
We did things on land, in the air, on water --
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ื™ืฆืจื ื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื™ื‘ืฉื”, ื‘ืื•ื™ืจ, ืขืœ ื”ืžื™ื --
07:07
vehicles of all different kinds, usually with some electronics
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ื›ืœื™ ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืžืกื•ื’ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ืืฉืจ ื‘ื“"ื› ื›ืœืœื• ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™ืงื”
07:11
or electric power systems in them. I find they're all the same,
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ืื• ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื—ืฉืžืœื™ื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ื›ืŸ. ืื ื™ ืžื•ืฆื ืื•ืชื ื–ื”ื™ื,
07:14
whether its land, air or water.
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืขืœ ื”ื™ื‘ืฉื”, ื‘ืื•ื™ืจ ืื• ื‘ืžื™ื.
07:18
I'll be focusing on the air here. This is a solar-powered airplane --
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ืืชืžืงื“ ื‘ืืœื• ื”ืื•ื™ืจื™ื™ื ื›ืืŸ. ื–ื”ื• ืžื˜ื•ืก ืžื•ื ืข ืกื•ืœืืจื™ืช --
07:22
165 miles carrying a person from France to England
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ื”ื•ื ื ื•ืฉื ืื“ื ืžืฆืจืคืช ืœืื ื’ืœื™ื”, 265 ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจื™ื
07:25
as a symbol that solar power is going to be an important part
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ื›ืกืžืœ ืœื›ืš ืฉืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืกื•ืœืืจื™ืช ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ืœื”ื•ื•ืช ื ื“ื‘ืš ื—ืฉื•ื‘
07:29
of our future. Then we did the solar car for General Motors --
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ื‘ืขืชื™ื“ื ื•. ืื– ื™ืฆืจื ื• ืืช ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ื”ืกื•ืœืืจื™ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื’'ื ืจืœ ืžื•ื˜ื•ืจืก --
07:32
the Sunracer -- that won the race in Australia.
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ื”ืกืื ืจื™ื™ืกืจ -- ืืฉืจ ื–ื›ืชื” ื‘ืžื™ืจื•ืฅ ื‘ืื•ืกื˜ืจืœื™ื”.
07:36
We got a lot of people thinking about electric cars,
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ื’ืจืžื ื• ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื—ืฉืžืœื™ื•ืช,
07:38
what you could do with them. A few years later, when we suggested to GM that
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ืžื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืื™ืชืŸ. ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื›ืฉื”ืฆืขื ื• ืœื’'ื ืจืœ ืžื•ื˜ื•ืจืก
07:41
now is the time and we could do a thing called the Impact,
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ืฉื–ื”ื• ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื•ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžื•ืฆืจ ื”ื ืงืจื "ืื™ืžืคืงื˜",
07:44
they sponsored it, and here's the Impact that we developed with them
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ื”ื ืžื™ืžื ื• ื–ืืช, ื•ื”ื ื” ื”"ืื™ืžืคืงื˜" ืืฉืจ ืคื™ืชื—ื ื• ืื™ืชื
07:47
on their programs. This is the demonstrator. And they put huge effort
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ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืฉืœื”ื. ื–ื”ื• ื”ืžื•ื“ืœ, ื”ื ื”ืฉืงื™ืขื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืืžืฆื™ื
07:51
into turning it into a commercial product.
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ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืื•ืชื• ืœืžื•ืฆืจ ืžืกื—ืจื™.
07:54
With that preamble, let's show the first two-minute videotape,
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ืœืื•ืจ ื”ื”ืงื“ืžื” ื”ื–ื•, ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืฆืคื” ื‘ืงืœื˜ืช ื‘ืช 2 ื“ืงื•ืช,
07:59
which shows a little airplane for surveillance
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ืืฉืจ ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ื‘ื”ืฆื’ืช ืžื˜ื•ืก ืžืขืงื‘ ืงื˜ืŸ
08:02
and moving to a giant airplane.
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ื•ืžืกื™ื™ืžืช ื‘ืžื˜ื•ืก ืขื ืง.
08:06
Narrator: A tiny airplane, the AV Pointer serves for surveillance --
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ืงืจื™ื™ืŸ: ื”-AV ืคื•ื™ื ื˜ืจ ื”ื™ื ื• ืžื˜ื•ืก ื–ืขื™ืจ ื”ืžืฉืžืฉ ืœืžืขืงื‘ --
08:10
in effect, a pair of roving eyeglasses. A cutting-edge example
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ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืขื“ืฉื•ืช ื ืขื•ืช. ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื“ื•ื’ืžื ืœื—ื–ื™ืช ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”,
08:14
of where miniaturization can lead if the operator is remote
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ื‘ื” ื›ืœื™ ืžืžื•ื–ืขืจ ื ืฉืœื˜ ืžืจื—ื•ืง.
08:17
from the vehicle. It is convenient to carry, assemble
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ืงืœ ืœืฉืืช ืืช ื”ืžื˜ื•ืก, ืœื”ืจื›ื™ื‘ื•,
08:20
and launch by hand. Battery-powered, it is silent and rarely noticed.
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ื•ืœืฉื’ืจ ืื•ืชื• ื™ื“ื ื™ืช. ื”ื•ื ืžื•ื ืข ืข"ื™ ื‘ื˜ืจื™ื•ืช, ืฉืงื˜ ื•ื›ืžืขื˜ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžื•ื‘ื—ืŸ.
08:26
It sends high-resolution video pictures back to the operator.
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ื”ื›ืœื™ ืžื‘ื™ื ืฉื˜ืฃ ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืจื–ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื‘ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืžืคืขื™ืœ.
08:29
With onboard GPS, it can navigate autonomously,
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ืงื‘ื•ืข ื‘ืžื˜ื•ืก ื’'ื™.ืคื™.ืืก, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœื ื•ื•ื˜ ืขืฆืžืื™ืช,
08:33
and it is rugged enough to self-land without damage.
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ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœื ื—ื•ืช ืขืฆืžืื™ืช ืœืœื ื ื–ืง ื‘ืฉืœ ืงืฉื™ื—ื•ืชื•.
08:38
The modern sailplane is superbly efficient.
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ื”ื“ืื•ืŸ ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ ื”ื•ื ื™ืขื™ืœ ืœื”ืคืœื™ื.
08:41
Some can glide as flat as 60 feet forward for every foot of descent.
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ื™ืฉ ื“ืื•ื ื™ื ื”ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœื“ืื•ืช ื›-18 ืžื˜ืจื™ื ืงื“ื™ืžื”, ืขืœ ื›ืœ 0.3 ืžื˜ืจ ื’ื•ื‘ื”.
08:46
They are powered only by the energy
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ื”ื ื ืขื™ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื”
08:47
they can extract from the atmosphere --
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ืฉื”ื ืžืคื™ืงื™ื ืžื”ืื˜ืžื•ืกืคื™ืจื” ื‘ืœื‘ื“ --
08:50
an atmosphere nature stirs up by solar energy.
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ื”ืžื•ืคื™ืขื” ื‘ื˜ื‘ืข ื›ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืกื•ืœืืจื™ืช.
08:53
Humans and soaring birds have found nature to be generous
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ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื ื•ื”ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื’ื™ืœื• ืืช ื ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข
08:56
in providing replenishable energy. Sailplanes have flown
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ื”ืžืกืคืง ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื•ื˜ืฃ. ื“ืื•ื ื™ื ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœืขื•ืฃ
09:00
over 1,000 miles, and the altitude record is over 50,000 feet.
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ืžืขืœ 1,500 ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจื™ื, ื•ืฉื™ื ื”ื’ื•ื‘ื” ืืœื™ื• ื”ื ืžืžืจื™ืื™ื ื”ื™ื ื• ืžืขืœ 15 ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจ.
09:04
(Music)
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(ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื”)
09:09
The Solar Challenger was made to serve as a symbol
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ื”"ืกื•ืœืืจ ืฆ'ืœื ื’'ืจ" ื ื•ืฆืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืžืฉ ื›ืชืขื•ื“ื” ืœื›ืš
09:12
that photovoltaic cells can produce real power
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ืฉืชืื™ื ืคื•ื˜ื•ืืœืงื˜ืจื™ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ื—ืฉืžืœ ืืžื™ืชื™
09:15
and will be part of the world's energy future.
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ื•ืฉื”ื ื™ื”ื™ื• ื—ืœืง ืžืขืชื™ื“ ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
09:18
In 1981, it flew 163 miles from Paris to England,
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ื‘-1981, ื”ืฆ'ืœื ื’'ืจ ื˜ืก 260 ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจื™ื ืžืคืจื™ืก ืœืื ื’ืœื™ื”,
09:22
solely on the power of sunbeams,
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ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืื ืจื’ื™ื™ืช ืงืจื ื™ ื”ืื•ืจ ื‘ืœื‘ื“,
09:24
and established a basis for the Pathfinder.
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ื•ื‘ืกืก ืืช ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ืœ"ืคืืช'ืคื™ื™ื ื“ืจ".
09:27
(Music)
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(ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื”)
09:30
The message from all these vehicles is that ideas and technology
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ื”ืžืกืจ ืžื›ืœ ื›ืœื™ ื”ืชืขื•ืคื” ื”ืœืœื• ื”ื™ื ื• ืฉืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื
09:34
can be harnessed to produce remarkable gains in doing more with less --
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ืœืืคืฉืจ ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื ืื“ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื ืคื—ื•ืช --
09:39
gains that can help us attain a desirable balance
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ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืจ ื”ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ
09:42
between technology and nature. The stakes are high
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืœื˜ื‘ืข. ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื
09:45
as we speed toward a challenging future.
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ื•ืื ื• ื‘ืคืชื— ืขืชื™ื“ ืžืืชื’ืจ.
09:49
Buckminster Fuller said it clearly: "there are no passengers
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ื‘ืืงืžื™ื ืกื˜ืจ ืคื•ืœืจ ืืžืจ ื–ืืช ื‘ื‘ื”ื™ืจื•ืช: "ืื™ืŸ ื ื•ืกืขื™ื
09:52
on spaceship Earth, only crew. We, the crew,
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ืขืœ ืกืคื™ื ืช ื”ื—ืœืœ "ืืจืฅ", ืจืง ืฆื•ื•ืช. ืื ื—ื ื•, ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช,
09:56
can and must do more with less -- much less."
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ื•ืจืฆื•ื™ ื›ื™ ื ืขืฉื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื ืคื—ื•ืช -- ื”ืจื‘ื” ืคื—ื•ืช."
10:02
Paul MacCready: If we could have the second video, the one-minute,
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ืคื•ืœ ืžืงืงืจื™ื“ื™: ืื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™, ื‘ืื•ืจืš ื“ืงื” ืื—ืช,
10:05
put in as quickly as you can, which -- this will show
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ืื ื ื”ื›ื ื™ืกื• ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื™ืช, ื”ื•ื ื™ืฆื™ื’ ืืช
10:09
the Pathfinder airplane in some flights this past year in Hawaii,
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ืžื˜ื•ืก ื”ืคืืช'ืคื™ื™ื ื“ืจ ื‘ื›ืžื” ื˜ื™ืกื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื” ื‘ื”ื•ื•ืื™,
10:18
and will show a sequence of some of the beauty behind it
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ื•ืืช ื”ื™ื•ืคื™ ืฉืขื•ืžื“ ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ื•
10:22
after it had just flown to 71,530 feet --
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ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืžืจืื” ืœื’ื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœ 21.8 ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจื™ื --
10:27
higher than any propeller airplane has ever flown.
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ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืœ ืžื˜ื•ืก ื‘ืขืœ ืžื“ื—ืฃ.
10:30
It's amazing: just on the puny power of the sun --
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ื–ื” ืžื“ื”ื™ื: ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ื›ื— ื”ืงื˜ื ื˜ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืžืฉ ื‘ืœื‘ื“ --
10:33
by having a super lightweight plane, you're able to get it up there.
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ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืžื˜ื•ืก ื‘ืขืœ ืžืฉืงืœ ืืคืกื™ ืœื”ืชืจื•ืžื ืœื’ื‘ื”ื™ื ืฉื›ืืœื”.
10:38
It's part of a long-term program NASA sponsored.
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ื–ื”ื• ื—ืœืง ืžืชื›ื ื™ืช ืืจื•ื›ืช-ื˜ื•ื•ื— ืฉื ืืก"ื ืžื™ืžื ื”.
10:41
And we worked very closely with the whole thing being a team effort,
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ืขื‘ื“ื ื• ืขืœ ื–ื” ื‘ืžืืžืฅ ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ,
10:47
and with wonderful results like that flight.
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ื•ื”ื‘ืื ื• ืœืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื ืคืœืื•ืช ื›ืžื• ื”ื˜ื™ืกื” ื”ื–ื•.
10:52
And we're working on a bigger plane -- 220-foot span --
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ืžื˜ื•ืก ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ -- ื”ืžืชืคืจืฉ ืขืœ 67 ืžื˜ืจื™ื --
10:55
and an intermediate-size, one with a regenerative fuel cell
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ื•ืื—ื“ ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™, ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ืชื ื“ืœืง ื‘ืขืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืชื—ื“ืฉื•ืช
10:58
that can store excess energy during the day, feed it back at night,
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ืืฉืจ ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœืื—ืกืŸ ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืขื•ื“ืคืช ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื™ื•ื, ืœืกืคืง ืื•ืชื” ื‘ืœื™ืœื”,
11:01
and stay up 65,000 feet for months at a time.
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ื•ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ื›ืš 20 ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจื™ื ื‘ืื•ื™ืจ ืœืžืฉืš ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื˜ื™ืกื”.
11:05
(Music)
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(ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื”)
11:10
Ray Morgan's voice will come in here.
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ื”ืงื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืจื™ื™ ืžื•ืจื’ืŸ ื™ื•ืคื™ืข.
11:12
There he's the project manager. Anything they do
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ื”ื•ื ืžื ื”ืœ ื”ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜. ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื
11:14
is certainly a team effort. He ran this program. Here's ...
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ื”ื•ื ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืžืืžืฅ ืงื‘ื•ืฆืชื™. ื”ื•ื ื ื™ื”ืœ ืืช ื”ืชื›ื ื™ืช. ื”ื ื”...
11:21
some things he showed as a celebration at the very end.
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ืžืกืคืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ื—ื’ื™ื’ื•ืช ื”ืกื™ื•ื.
11:25
Ray Morgan: We'd just ended a seven-month deployment of Hawaii.
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ืจื™ื™ ืžื•ืจื’ืŸ: ื›ืจื’ืข ืกื™ื™ืžื ื• ื ื™ืกื•ื™ ื‘ืŸ 7 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื‘ื”ื•ื•ืื™.
11:29
For those who live on the mainland, it was tough being away from home.
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืืœื• ืฉื”ื™ื• ืจื—ื•ืงื™ื ืžืืจืฅ ืžื•ืœื“ืชื, ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื–ื• ืชืงื•ืคื” ืงืฉื”.
11:35
The friendly support, the quiet confidence, congenial hospitality
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ื”ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจื™ืช, ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ืฉืงื˜, ื”ื›ื ืกืช ื”ืื•ืจื—ื™ื ื”ืœื‘ื‘ื™ืช
11:39
shown by our Hawaiian and military hosts --
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ืฉืœ ืžืืจื—ื™ื ื• ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื•ื•ืื™ ื•ื”ืฆื‘ื --
11:41
(Music)
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(ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื”)
11:44
this is starting --
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ืคื•ืœ ืžืงืงืจื™ื“ื™ (ืค.ืž.): ื–ื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœ --
11:45
made the experience enjoyable and unforgettable.
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ืจื™ื™ ืžื•ืจื’ืŸ (ืจ.ืž.): ื”ืคื›ื• ืืช ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืœืžื”ื ื” ื•ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืฉื›ื—ืช.
11:48
PM: We have real-time IR scans going out through the Internet
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ืค.ืž.: ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืกืจื™ืงื•ืช ืื™ื ืคืจื-ืื“ื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืืžืช ื”ืžื•ืคื™ืขื•ืช ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜
11:52
while the plane is flying. And it's exploring
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ื‘ื• ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื‘ื• ื”ืžื˜ื•ืก ื‘ืื•ื™ืจ. ื”ื•ื ืกื•ืจืง
11:55
without polluting the stratosphere. That's its goal: the stratosphere,
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ืœืœื ื–ื™ื”ื•ื ื”ืกื˜ืจื˜ื•ืกืคื™ืจื”. ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ืžื˜ืจื”: ื”ืกื˜ืจื˜ื•ืกืคื™ืจื”,
11:58
the blanket that really controls the radiation of the earth
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ื”ืฉื›ื‘ื” ืฉื‘ืืžืช ืฉื•ืœื˜ืช ื‘ืงืจื™ื ืช ื›ื“ื•ืจ-ื”ืืจืฅ
12:02
and permits life on earth to be the success that it is --
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ื•ืžืืคืฉืจืช ื—ื™ื™ื ืžื•ืฆืœื—ื™ื ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ.
12:06
probing that is very important. And also we consider it
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื“ืžื™ื ืืช ื”ื›ืœื™ ื”ื–ื”
12:11
as a sort of poor man's stationary satellite,
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ืœืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืœื•ื•ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื™ื— ืœืขื ื™ื™ื,
12:15
because it can stay right overhead for months at a time,
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉืืจ ื‘ืื•ื™ืจ ืœื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื˜ื™ืกื”,
12:19
2,000 times closer than the real GFC synchronous satellite.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืงืจื•ื‘ ืคื™ ืืœืคื™ื™ื ืžืืฉืจ ืœื•ื•ื™ืŸ GFC ื’ื™ืื•ืกื™ื ื›ืจื•ื ื™.
12:24
We couldn't bring one here to fly it and show you.
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ืœื ื”ืฆืœื—ื ื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืื—ื“ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื˜ื™ืก ื•ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ืœื›ื ื‘ืื•ืœื.
12:28
But now let's look at the other end.
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ื”ืฆื“ ื”ืฉื ื™.
12:32
In the video you saw that nine-pound or eight-pound Pointer airplane
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ื‘ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืฉืจืื™ืชื ื”ื•ืคื™ืข ืžื˜ื•ืก ืคื•ื™ื ื˜ืจ ืฉืฉืงืœ 4-4.5 ืงื™ืœื•ื’ืจืžื™ื
12:36
surveillance drone that Keenan has developed
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ื–ื”ื• ืžื˜ื•ืก ืžืขืงื‘ ืœืœื ื˜ื™ื™ืก ืฉืงื™ื ืืŸ ืคื™ืชื—
12:41
and just done a remarkable job. Where some have servos
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ื•ืขืฉื” ื‘ื›ืš ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื ืคืœืื”. ื™ืฉ ืฉื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื•
12:44
that have gotten down to, oh, 18 or 25 grams,
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ืœืฆืžืฆื ืืช ืžืฉืงืœ ื”ืกืจื•ื• ืœ-18 ืื• 25 ื’ืจื,
12:47
his weigh one-third of a gram. And what he's going to bring out here
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ืฉืœ ืงื™ื ืืŸ ืฉื•ืงืœ ื›ืฉืœื™ืฉ ื’ืจื. ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืžื“ ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื
12:52
is a surveillance drone that weighs about 2 ounces --
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ืžื˜ื•ืก ืžืขืงื‘ ืœื ื˜ื™ื™ืก ื”ืฉื•ืงืœ 56 ื’ืจื --
12:56
that includes the video camera, the batteries that run it,
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ื•ื–ืืช ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ืžืฆืœืžืช ื”ื•ื™ื“ืื•, ื”ืกื•ืœืœื•ืช ื”ืžืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืื•ืชื•,
12:59
the telemetry, the receiver and so on. And we'll fly it, we hope,
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ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื˜ืœืžื˜ืจื™ื”, ื”ืžืงืœื˜ ื•ื›ื•ืœื™. ืื ื—ื ื• ื ื˜ื™ืก ืื•ืชื•, ื‘ืชืงื•ื•ื”,
13:06
with the same success that we had last night when we did the practice.
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ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ืฉื”ื˜ืกื ื• ืื•ืชื• ืืชืžื•ืœ ื‘ื˜ื™ืกืช ื”ืžื‘ื—ืŸ.
13:10
So Matt Keenan, just any time you're --
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ืžืื˜ ืงื™ื ืืŸ, ื‘ื–ืžื ืš ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื™, ืืชื” ืžื•ื–ืžืŸ --
13:13
all right
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ
13:14
-- ready to let her go. But first, we're going to make sure
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-- ืœืฉื—ืจืจ ืื•ืชื•. ืื‘ืœ ืงื•ื“ื, ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื•ื•ื“ื ื›ื™
13:18
that it's appearing on the screen, so you see what it sees.
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ื”ื”ืงืœื˜ื” ืžื•ืคื™ืขื” ืขืœ ื”ืžืกืš, ื›ืš ืฉืชืจืื• ืžื” ืฉื”ืžื˜ื•ืก ืจื•ืื”.
13:22
You can imagine yourself being a mouse or fly inside of it,
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžื›ื ื›ืขื›ื‘ืจ ืื• ื–ื‘ื•ื‘ ื”ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืžื˜ื•ืก,
13:26
looking out of its camera.
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ื•ืžืฆื™ืฆื™ื ืžื‘ืขื“ ืœืขื“ืฉื”.
13:33
Matt Keenan: It's switched on.
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ืžืื˜ ืงื™ื ืืŸ: ื”ื•ื ืคื•ืขืœ.
13:35
PM: But now we're trying to get the video. There we go.
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ืค.ืž.: ืื‘ืœ ื›ืขืช ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื ืกื™ื ืœืกื“ืจ ืืช ื”ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ื”ื ื”, ื”ืฆืœื—ื ื•.
13:41
MK: Can you bring up the house lights?
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ืž.ืง.: ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ืืช ื”ืื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืœื?
13:43
PM: Yeah, the house lights and we'll see you all better
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ืค.ืž.: ื›ืŸ, ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื”ืื•ืจื•ืช ื ืจืื” ืืช ื›ื•ืœื›ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ
13:46
and be able to fly the plane better.
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ื•ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื˜ื™ืก ืืช ื”ืžื˜ื•ืก ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
13:48
MK: All right, we'll try to do a few laps around and bring it back in.
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ืž.ืง.: ื‘ืกื“ืจ, ื ื ืกื” ืœื‘ืฆืข ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืงืคื•ืช ื•ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืžื˜ื•ืก ืœื‘ืžื”.
13:54
Here we go.
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ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืœื“ืจืš.
14:00
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
14:08
PM: The video worked right for the first few and I don't know why it --
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ืค.ืž.: ื”ื”ืงืœื˜ื” ืขื‘ื“ื” ื›ืžื• ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ื‘ืฉื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืœืžื” --
14:14
there it goes.
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ื”ื ื”, ื”ื™ื ื”ืกืชื“ืจื”.
14:21
Oh, that was only a minute, but I think you'd be safe
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื–ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืจืง ื“ืงื” ืื—ืช, ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื˜ื•ื—
14:25
to have that near the end of the flight, perhaps.
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืงืจืืช ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื˜ื™ืกื”.
14:30
We get to do the classic.
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--
14:35
All right.
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ.
14:36
If this hits you, it will not hurt you.
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ืืœ ืชื“ืื’ื•, ืื ื”ื•ื ื ื•ื—ืช ืขืœื™ื›ื ื”ื•ื ืœื ืžื›ืื™ื‘.
14:38
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
14:41
OK.
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ืื•ืงื™ื™.
14:42
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
14:58
Thank you very much. Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”. ืชื•ื“ื”.
14:59
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
15:06
But now, as they say in infomercials,
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืขืช, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ืคืจืกื•ืžื•ืช,
15:09
we have something much better for you, which we're working on:
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืžืฉื”ื• ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื›ื, ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขืœื™ื•:
15:13
planes that are only six inches -- 15 centimeters -- in size.
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ืžื˜ื•ืกื™ื ื‘ืื•ืจืš ืฉืœ 15 ืกื ื˜ื™ืžื˜ืจื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“.
15:18
And Matt's plane was on the cover of Popular Science last month,
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ื”ืžื˜ื•ืก ืฉืœ ืžืื˜ ื”ื™ื” ืขืœ ื”ืฉืืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื’ื–ื™ืŸ "ืคื•ืคื™ื•ืœืจ ืกื™ื™ื ืก" ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืฉืขื‘ืจ,
15:24
showing what this can lead to. And in a while, something this size
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ื‘ื‘ื•ื ื”ืขืช, ืžื˜ื•ืก ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ื–ื”
15:28
will have GPS and a video camera in it. We've had one of these fly
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ื™ืฉื ื’'ื™.ืคื™.ืืก ื•ืžืฆืœืžืช ื•ื™ื“ืื• ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ื•. ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืื—ื“ ื›ื–ื” ืืฉืจ ื˜ืก
15:34
nine miles through the air at 35 miles an hour
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14 ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจื™ื ื‘ืื•ื™ืจ ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ 56 ืงืž"ืฉ
15:37
with just a little battery in it.
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ื•ื–ืืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื‘ื˜ืจื™ื” ืงื˜ื ื” ื‘ืœื‘ื“.
15:39
But there's a lot of technology going.
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ื™ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ื ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื.
15:40
There are just milestones along the way of some remarkable things.
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ื™ืฉ ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ ื“ืจืš ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื™ื•ืฆืื™ ื“ื•ืคืŸ.
15:45
This one doesn't have the video in it,
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ื”ืžื˜ื•ืก ื”ื–ื” ืœื ื ื•ืฉื ืžืฆืœืžืช ื•ื™ื“ืื• ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ื•,
15:48
but you get a little feel from what it can do.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœื›ื ืžื•ืฉื’ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืžื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืื™ืชื•.
15:52
OK, here we go.
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ืื•ืงื™ื™, ื ืฆื ืœื“ืจืš.
15:58
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
16:04
MK: Sorry.
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ืž.ืง.: ืžืฆื˜ืขืจ.
16:05
OK.
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ืื•ืงื™ื™.
16:06
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื).
16:10
PM: If you can pass it down when you're done. Yeah, I think --
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ืž.ืง.: ืื ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืžืกื•ืจ ืœื™ ืื•ืชื• ื›ืฉืืชื” ืžืกื™ื™ื. ื›ืŸ, ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ --
16:14
I lost a little orientation; I looked up into this light.
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ืื™ื‘ื“ืชื™ ืื•ืจื™ื™ื ื˜ืฆื™ื”; ื”ืกืชื›ืœืชื™ ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืื•ืจ.
16:18
It hit the building. And the building was poorly placed, actually.
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ืค.ืž.:ื”ื•ื ืคื’ืข ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ. ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžืžื•ืงื ืœื ื ื›ื•ืŸ.
16:22
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
16:24
But you're beginning to see what can be done.
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ืื‘ืœ ืืชื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืžื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืขืฉื•ืช.
16:28
We're working on projects now -- even wing-flapping things
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื›ืขืช ืขืœ ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื -- ืืคื™ืœื• ื›ืœื™ ืชืขื•ืคื” ื”ืžื ื•ืคืคื™ื ื‘ื›ื ืคื™ื”ื
16:30
the size of hawk moths -- DARPA contracts, working with Caltech, UCLA.
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ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืขืฉ -- ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขื ื“ืืจืค"ื, ืงืืœื˜ืง, ื™ื•.ืกื™.ืืœ.ืื™ื™.
16:36
Where all this leads, I don't know. Is it practical? I don't know.
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ืœืืŸ ื–ื” ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ? ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืข. ื”ืื ื–ื” ืคืจืงื˜ื™? ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืข.
16:39
But like any basic research, when you're really forced to do things
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืžื• ื›ืœ ืžื—ืงืจ ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ ืื—ืจ, ื›ืืฉืจ ืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื‘ืฆืข ื“ื‘ืจื™ื
16:43
that are way beyond existing technology,
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ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ืงื™ื™ืžืช,
16:45
you can get there with micro-technology, nanotechnology.
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ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืฉื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžื™ืงืจื•-ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”, ื ืื ื•-ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”.
16:49
You can do amazing things when you realize
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ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืžืžืฉ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื›ืืฉืจ ืืชื” ืžื‘ื™ืŸ
16:51
what nature has been doing all along. As you get to these small scales,
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ืฉื”ื˜ื‘ืข ืขื•ืฉื” ื–ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ. ื›ืฉืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœืกื“ืจื™ ื”ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ื–ืขื™ืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื•,
16:54
you realize we have a lot to learn from nature -- not with 747s --
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ืืชื” ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžื”ื˜ื‘ืข -- ืœื ืขื ืžื˜ื•ืกื™ 747 --
16:58
but when you get down to the nature's realm,
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœื˜ืจื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข,
17:01
nature has 200 million years of experience.
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ืœื˜ื‘ืข ื™ืฉ 200 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื ื•ืช ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ.
17:04
It never makes a mistake. Because if you make a mistake,
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ื”ื•ื ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ื˜ื•ืขื”, ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืื ื”ื•ื ื˜ื•ืขื”
17:07
you don't leave any progeny.
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ืœื ื ื•ืชืจ ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืžืฉืš.
17:09
We should have nothing but success stories from nature,
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ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ืžืกืคืง ืœื ื• ืจืง ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ ื”ืฆืœื—ื”,
17:12
for you or for birds, and we're learning a lot
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ืœื›ื ืื• ืœืฆื™ืคื•ืจื™ื, ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืŸ
17:16
from its fascinating subjects.
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ืžืžืงืจื™ื ืžื•ืคืœืื™ื ื”ืžืชืจื—ืฉื™ื ื‘ื•.
17:18
In concluding, I want to get back to the big picture
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ืœืกื™ื›ื•ื, ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื”,
17:24
and I have just two final slides to try and put it in perspective.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืฉืชื™ ืฉืงื•ืคื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื™ื›ื ื™ืกื• ืœืคืจืกืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื”.
17:31
The first I'll just read. At last, I put in three sentences
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ืืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืื ื™ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืืงืจื. ืกื•ืฃ ืกื•ืฃ, ื—ื™ื‘ืจืชื™ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื
17:35
and had it say what I wanted.
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ืฉื™ื‘ื˜ืื• ืืช ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื’ื™ื“.
17:37
Over billions of years on a unique sphere, chance has painted
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"ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื‘ื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืฉื ื™ื ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื”ื–ื”, ื™ื“ ื”ืžืงืจื” ืฆื™ื™ืจื”
17:40
a thin covering of life -- complex, improbable, wonderful
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ืฉื›ื‘ื” ื“ืงื” ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™ื -- ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื, ื‘ืœืชื™ ืกื‘ื™ืจื™ื, ืžื•ืคืœืื™ื
17:44
and fragile. Suddenly, we humans -- a recently arrived species,
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ื•ืฉื‘ื™ืจื™ื. ืœืคืชืข, ืื ื—ื ื•, ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื -- ื–ืŸ ืฉืœื ืžื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื•ืคื™ืข,
17:47
no longer subject to the checks and balances inherent in nature --
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ื›ื‘ืจ ืื™ื ื ื• ื ืชื•ืŸ ืœืžืื–ืŸ ื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืข ื‘ื˜ื‘ืข,
17:51
have grown in population, technology and intelligence
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ื”ื•ื ื’ื“ืœ ื”ืŸ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืžืกืคืจื™ืช, ื”ืŸ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ื•ื”ืŸ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืื™ื ื˜ื™ืœื™ื’ื ืฆื™ื”
17:55
to a position of terrible power. We now wield the paintbrush.
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ืœื ืงื•ื“ื” ื‘ื” ื”ื•ื ืื•ื—ื– ื‘ื›ื— ืื™ื•ื. ื›ืขืช ืื ื—ื ื• ืื•ื—ื–ื™ื ื‘ืžื›ื—ื•ืœ."
17:59
And that's serious: we're not very bright. We're short on wisdom;
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ื–ื” ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืจืฆื™ื ื™: ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืžืื•ื“ ืคืงื—ื™ื. ืื ื—ื ื• ืงืฆืจื™ื ื‘ื—ื›ืžื”,
18:03
we're high on technology. Where's it going to lead?
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ืืš ื—ื–ืงื™ื ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”. ืœืืŸ ื–ื” ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ?
18:07
Well, inspired by the sentences, I decided to wield the paintbrush.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืžืœื ื‘ื”ืฉืจืืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื ื”ืœืœื•, ื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื™ ืœืื—ื•ื– ื‘ืžื›ื—ื•ืœ.
18:11
Every 25 years I do a picture. Here's the one --
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ื›ืœ 25 ืฉื ื™ื, ืื ื™ ืžืฆื™ื™ืจ ืชืžื•ื ื”. ื”ื ื” ืื—ืช --
18:14
tries to show that the world isn't getting any bigger.
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ื”ืžืจืื” ื›ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืœื ื ื”ื™ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
18:17
Sort of a timeline, very non-linear scale, nature rates
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ื–ื”ื• ืžืขื™ืŸ ืฆื™ืจ ื–ืžืŸ, ืœื ืœื™ื ืืจื™, ืงืฆื‘ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข
18:21
and trilobites and dinosaurs, and eventually we saw some humans
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ื˜ืจื™ืœื•ื‘ื™ื˜ื™ื ื•ื“ื™ื ื•ื–ืื•ืจื™ื, ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื›ืžื” ื‘ื ื™-ืื“ื
18:25
with caves ... Birds were flying overhead, after pterosaurs.
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ืขื ืืชื™ ื—ืคื™ืจื”... ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืขืคื•ืช, ืœืื—ืจ ืคื˜ืจื•ื–ืื•ืจื™ื”.
18:30
And then we get to the civilization above the little TV set
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ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœืฆื™ื‘ื™ืœื™ื–ืฆื™ื”, ืขื ื”ื˜ืœื•ื™ื–ื™ื”,
18:33
with a gun on it. Then traffic jams, and power systems,
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ื”ืืงื“ื—ื™ื. ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืคืงืงื™ ืชื ื•ืขื”, ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื—ืฉืžืœ,
18:37
and some dots for digital. Where it's going to lead -- I have no idea.
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ื•ื›ืžื” ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžืฆื™ื™ื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™. ืœืืŸ ื–ื” ืขื•ืžื“ ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ? ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ ืžื•ืฉื’.
18:42
And so I just put robotic and natural cockroaches out there,
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ืื ื™ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืฆื™ื™ืจืชื™ ืžืงืงื™ื ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ื™ื ื•ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื™ื ืฉื,
18:46
but you can fill in whatever you want. This is not a forecast.
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ืื‘ืœ ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ื• ืืชื ืจื•ืฆื™ื. ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืื™ื ื ื” ืชื—ื–ื™ืช.
18:49
This is a warning, and we have to think seriously about it.
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืื–ื”ืจื”, ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืฉืงื•ืœ ื–ืืช ื‘ืจืฆื™ื ื•ืช.
18:53
And that time when this is happening is not 100 years or 500 years.
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ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื‘ื• ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื™ืชืจื—ืฉ ืื™ื ื ื• 100 ืื• 500 ืฉื ื™ื ืžื›ืืŸ.
18:57
Things are going on this decade, next decade;
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืขืฉื•ืจ ื”ื–ื”, ื”ืขืฉื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื.
19:03
it's a very short time that we have to decide what we are going to do.
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ื–ื”ื• ื–ืžืŸ ืงืฆืจ ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ื• ืื ื—ื ื• ื ื™ื“ืจืฉ ืœื”ื—ืœื˜ื” - ืžื” ื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช.
19:08
And if we can get some agreement on where we want the world to be --
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ืื ื ื’ื‘ืฉ ื”ืกื›ืžื” ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืžืงื•ื ื‘ื• ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื”ืขื•ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” --
19:12
desirable, sustainable when your kids reach your age --
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ื‘ืจ ืงื™ื™ืžื ื›ืฉื™ืœื“ื™ื ื• ื™ื’ื™ืขื• ืœื’ื™ืœ ืฉืœื ื• ื›ื™ื•ื --
19:15
I think we actually can reach it. Now, I said this was a warning,
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ื›ื™ ื ื™ืชืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ื–ืืช. ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืืžืจืชื™ ื›ื™ ื–ื• ืื–ื”ืจื”
19:19
not a forecast. That was before --
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ื•ืœื ืชื—ื–ื™ืช. ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืงื•ื“ื --
19:21
I painted this before we started in on making robotic versions
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ืฆื™ื™ืจืชื™ ืืช ื–ื” ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื’ืจืกืื•ืช ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ื•ืช
19:26
of hawk moths and cockroaches, and now I'm beginning to wonder
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ืฉืœ ืขืฉื™ ืœื™ืœื” ื•ืžืงืงื™ื, ื•ื›ืขืช ืื ื™ ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืชื”ื•ืช
19:30
seriously -- was this more of a forecast than I wanted?
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ื‘ืจืฆื™ื ื•ืช -- ื”ืื ื”ืฆื™ื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืื›ืŸ ืชื—ื–ื™ืช?
19:32
I personally think the surviving intelligent life form on earth
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ืื™ืฉื™ืช, ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ื ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ
19:35
is not going to be carbon-based; it's going to be silicon-based.
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ืœื ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื™ ืคื—ืžืŸ; ื”ื ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื™ ืกื™ืœื™ืงื•ืŸ.
19:39
And so where it all goes, I don't know.
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ืœืืŸ ื›ืœ ื–ื” ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ, ืื™ื ื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข.
19:45
The one final bit of sparkle we'll put in at the very end here
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ื”ื“ื•ื‘ื“ื‘ืŸ ืฉื‘ืงืฆืคืช
19:51
is an utterly impractical flight vehicle,
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ื”ื•ื ื›ืœื™ ืชืขื•ืคื” ืฉืื™ื ื ื• ืคืจืงื˜ื™ ื‘ืขืœื™ืœ,
19:55
which is a little ornithopter wing-flapping device that --
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ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืื•ืจื ื™ืชื”ื•ืคื˜ืจ ื”ืžื ื•ืคืฃ ื‘ื›ื ืคื™ื• --
20:02
rubber-band powered -- that we'll show you.
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ื”ืžื•ื ืข ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื’ื•ืžื™ื”.
20:12
MK: 32 gram. Sorry, one gram.
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ืž.ืง.: 32 ื’ืจื. ืกืœื™ื—ื”, ื’ืจื ืื—ื“.
20:24
PM: Last night we gave it a few too many turns
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ืค.ืž.: ืืชืžื•ืœ ืกื•ื‘ื‘ื ื• ืื•ืชื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™ ืคืขืžื™ื
20:27
and it tried to bash the roof out also. It's about a gram.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื ื™ืกื” ืœืชืงื•ืฃ ื’ื ืืช ื”ื’ื’. ืžืฉืงืœื• ื‘ืขืจืš ื’ืจื ืื—ื“.
20:32
The tube there's hollow, about paper-thin.
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ื”ืฆื™ื ื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื—ืœื•ืœ, ื‘ืขื•ื‘ื™ ืฉืœ ื“ืฃ ื ื™ื™ืจ.
20:38
And if this lands on you, I assure you it will not hurt you.
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ืื ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื ื•ื—ืช ืขืœื™ื›ื, ืื ื™ ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉื–ื” ืœื ื™ื›ืื™ื‘.
20:41
But if you reach out to grab it or hold it, you will destroy it.
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ืืš ืื ืชื ืกื• ืœื”ื•ืฉื™ื˜ ื™ื“ ื•ืœืชืคื•ืก ืื•ืชื• - ืืชื ืชื”ืจืกื• ืื•ืชื•.
20:44
So, be gentle, just act like a wooden Indian or something.
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ืื ื ื”ื™ื• ืขื“ื™ื ื™ื, ืชืชื ื”ื’ื• ืฉื ื™ื” ื›ื ืฆื™ื‘ ืžืœื—.
20:49
And when it comes down -- and we'll see how it goes.
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ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ื ื•ื—ืช -- ื ืจืื” ืžื” ื ืขืฉื”.
20:55
We consider this to be sort of the spirit of TED.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ืจื•ื— ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ TED.
21:00
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
21:05
And you wonder, is it practical? And it turns out if I had not been --
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ื•ืืชื ื•ื“ืื™ ืชื•ื”ื™ื, ื”ืื ื–ื” ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™? ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉืื ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ --
21:09
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
21:15
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
21:21
Unfortunately, we have some light bulb changes.
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ืœืจื•ืข ื”ืžื–ืœ, ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ื›ืžื” ื ื•ืจื•ืช ื—ืฉืžืœ.
21:24
We can probably get it down,
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ื›ื ืจืื” ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื“ ืื•ืชื•,
21:25
but it's possible it's gone up to a greater destiny up there --
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืžืงื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื ืœืžืขืœื” --
21:28
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
21:29
-- than it ever had. And I wanted to make --
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ืจืฆื™ืชื™ --
21:32
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
21:35
just --
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ืจืง --
21:36
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
21:37
But I want to make just two points. One is, you think it's frivolous;
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืจืง ืฉื ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื. ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื, ืืชื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื–ื” ื˜ืคืฉื™
21:43
there's nothing to it. And yet if I had not been making ornithopters
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ื•ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื–ื” ืฉื•ื ืชื•ืขืœืช. ืื•ืœื ืื ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื™ื•ืฆืจ ืื•ืจื ื™ืชื”ื•ืคืจื™ื
21:46
like that, a little bit cruder, in 1939 -- a long, long time ago --
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ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื–ื”, ืื• ื’ื•ืœืžื™ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘-1939 --
21:52
there wouldn't have been a Gossamer Condor,
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ื”ื’ื•ืกืืžืจ ืงื•ื ื“ื•ืจ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืงื™ื™ื,
21:54
there wouldn't have been an Albatross, a Solar Challenger,
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ื”ืืœื‘ืื˜ืจื•ืก ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืงื™ื™ื, ื”ืกื•ืœืืจ ืฆ'ืœื ื’'ืจ,
21:56
there wouldn't be an Impact car, there wouldn't be a mandate
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ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ื”ืื™ืžืคืงื˜, ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžืงื•ื
21:58
on zero-emission vehicles in California.
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ืœืจื›ื‘ื™ ืืคืก ืชืื•ืฆื” ื‘ืงืœื™ืคื•ืจื ื™ื”.
22:01
A lot of these things -- or similar -- would have happened some time,
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ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื”ื›ืœื™ื ื”ืœืœื• -- ืื• ื“ื•ืžื™ื ืœื”ื -- ื”ื™ื• ื ื•ืฆืจื™ื ื‘ืื™ื–ืฉื”ื• ืฉืœื‘,
22:03
probably a decade later. I didn't realize at the time
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ื›ื ืจืื” ื›ืขืฉื•ืจ ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืœื ืชื™ืืจืชื™ ื–ืืช ืœืขืฆืžื™
22:06
I was doing inquiry-based, hands-on things with teams,
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ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื—ืงืจื ื• ื•ื”ืชื ืกื™ื ื• ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”,
22:10
like they're trying to get in education systems.
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ื›ืžื• ืฉืžื ืกื™ื
22:13
So I think that, as a symbol, it's important.
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื›ืกืžืœ, ื›ืžื•ื“ืœ, ื–ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘.
22:16
And I believe that also is important. You can think of it
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื’ื ื–ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘, ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื–ื”
22:19
as a sort of a symbol for learning and TED
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ื›ืขืœ ืžืขื™ืŸ ืกืžืœ ืœืœืžื™ื“ื” ื•ืœื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ TED
22:26
that somehow gets you thinking of technology and nature,
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ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืœืš ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื•ืขืœ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข,
22:31
and puts it all together in things that are --
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ื•ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื --
22:34
that make this conference, I think, more important than any
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ื”ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ืชื›ื ืกื•ืช ื”ื–ื•, ืœื˜ืขืžื™, ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ
22:36
that's taken place in this country in this decade.
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ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉื”ืชืจื—ืฉื• ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ื–ื• ืžื–ื” ืขืฉื•ืจ.
22:39
Thank you. (Applause)
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”. (ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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