Robert Neuwirth: The "shadow cities" of the future

55,163 views ใƒป 2007-01-12

TED


ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุฃุฏู†ุงู‡ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ.

ุงู„ู…ุชุฑุฌู…: Juwayria Osman ุงู„ู…ุฏู‚ู‘ู‚: Hashim Ibnauf Sulieman
00:25
Let me show you some images
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ุงุณู…ุญูˆุง ู„ูŠ ุฃู† ุฃูุฑููŠูƒู… ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุตู‘ูˆุฑ
00:26
of what I consider to be the cities of tomorrow.
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ู„ู…ุง ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุณุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุฏู† ุงู„ุบุฏ.
00:29
So, that's Kibera, the largest squatter community in Nairobi.
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ูู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒูŠุจูŠุฑุงุŒ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ุฌุชู…ุน ุนุดูˆุงุฆูŠ ููŠ ู†ูŠุฑูˆุจูŠ.
00:39
This is the squatter community in Sanjay Gandhi National Park
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ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ู…ุฌุชู…ุน ุงู„ุนุดูˆุงุฆูŠุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ูˆุทู†ูŠุฉ ุณุงู†ุฌุงูŠ ุบุงู†ุฏูŠ
00:44
in Bombay, India, what's called Mumbai these days.
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ููŠ ุจูˆู…ุจุงูŠ ุŒ ุจุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุŒ ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุณู…ู‰ ู…ูˆู…ุจุงูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃูŠุงู….
00:48
This is Hosinia, the largest and most urbanized favela
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ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆุณูŠู†ูŠุงุŒ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ูˆ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุงู„ุฃุญูŠุงุก ุงู„ูู‚ูŠุฑุฉ ุญุถุฑูŠุฉู‹
00:52
in Rio de Janeiro.
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ููŠ ุฑูŠูˆ ุฏูŠ ุฌุงู†ูŠุฑูˆ.
00:54
And this is Sultanbelyi,
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ูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุณู„ุทุงู†ุจูŠู„ูŠุŒ
00:56
which is one of the largest squatter communities in Istanbul.
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ุฅุญุฏู‰ ูƒุจุฑู‰ ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุนุงุช ุงู„ุนุดูˆุงุฆูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงุณุชุงู†ุจูˆู„.
01:03
They are what I consider to be the cities of tomorrow,
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ูˆุชู„ูƒู… ู…ุง ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุณุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุฏู† ุงู„ุบุฏุŒ
01:05
the new urban world.
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ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ุงู„ุญุถุฑูŠ ุงู„ุฌุฏูŠุฏ.
01:07
Now, why do I say that?
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ุงู„ุขู† ุŒ ู„ู…ุงุฐุง ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุงุŸ
01:09
To tell you about that I have to talk about this fellow here,
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ู„ุฃุฎุจุฑูƒู… ุนู† ุฐู„ูƒ ุนู„ูŠู‘ูŽ ุฃู† ุฃุชุญุฏู‘ูŽุซ ุนู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฒู…ูŠู„ ู‡ู†ุงุŒ
01:12
his name is Julius.
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ุงุณู…ู‡ ูŠูˆู„ูŠูˆุณ.
01:14
And I met Julius the last week that I was living in Kibera.
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ูˆ ู‚ุฏ ู‚ุงุจู„ุช ูŠูˆู„ูŠูˆุณ ููŠ ุขุฎุฑ ุฃุณุจูˆุน ู„ูŠ ู…ูƒุซุชู‡ ููŠ ูƒูŠุจูŠุฑุง.
01:19
So, I had been there almost three months,
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ูู‚ุฏ ู…ูƒุซุช ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู…ุฏุฉ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุฃุดู‡ุฑ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุงุŒ
01:22
and I was touring around the city going to different squatter areas
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ูˆ ูƒู†ุช ุฃุชุฌูˆู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ูˆ ุฃุฐู‡ุจ ู„ู…ุฎุชู„ู ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุทู‚ ุงู„ุนุดูˆุงุฆูŠุฉ
01:26
and Julius was tagging along, and he was bug eyed
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ูˆ ูƒุงู† ูŠูˆู„ูŠูˆุณ ูŠุชุจุนู†ุง ุŒ ูˆู‚ุฏ ูƒุงู† ุฌุงุญุธ ุงู„ุนูŠู†ูŠู†
01:29
and at certain points we were walking around,
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ูˆุนู†ุฏ ุฃู…ุงูƒู† ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุญูŠุซ ูƒู†ุง ู†ุชุฌูˆู„ุŒ
01:32
he grabbed my hand for support,
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ูƒุงู† ูŠู…ุณูƒ ุจูŠุฏูŠ ู„ู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ.
01:34
which is something most Kenyans would never consider doing.
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ูˆู‡ูˆ ุฃู…ุฑ ู„ุง ูŠู‚ูˆู… ุจู‡ ู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ูƒูŠู†ูŠูŠู†.
01:37
They're very polite and they don't get so forward so quickly.
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ุฅู†ู‡ู… ู…ู‡ุฐุจูˆู† ู„ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ ูˆู„ุง ูŠู‚ุฏู…ูˆู† ุจุณุฑุนุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุทู„ุจ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ.
01:42
And I found out later that it was Julius' first day in Nairobi,
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ูˆู‚ุฏ ุนู„ู…ุช ู„ุงุญู‚ุงู‹ ุฃู† ุฐู„ูƒ ูƒุงู† ุฃูˆู„ ูŠูˆู… ู„ูŠูˆู„ูŠูˆุณ ุจู†ูŠุฑูˆุจูŠุŒ
01:48
and he's one of many.
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ูˆู‡ูˆ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ.
01:52
So, close to 200,000 people a day
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ู…ุง ูŠู‚ุงุฑุจ ุงู„ ูขู ู ,ู ู ู  ุดุฎุต ููŠ ุงู„ูŠูˆู…
01:56
migrate from the rural to the urban areas.
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ูŠู‡ุงุฌุฑูˆู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุฑูŠู ุงู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุทู‚ ุงู„ุญุถุฑูŠุฉ.
02:00
That's, and I'm going to be fair to the statisticians
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ูˆุณูˆู ุฃูƒูˆู† ุนุงุฏู„ุงู‹ ู…ุน ุงู„ุฅุญุตุงุฆูŠูŠู†
02:03
who talked this morning, not almost 1.5 million people a week,
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ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ุชุญุฏุซูˆุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุตุจุงุญุŒ ู„ูŠุณ ู…ุง ูŠู‚ุฑุจ ู…ู† ูก,ูฅ ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ุดุฎุต ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุณุจูˆุน
02:06
but almost 1.4 million people a week but I'm a journalist,
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ู…ุง ูŠู‚ุฑุจ ู…ู† ูก,ูค ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ุดุฎุต ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุณุจูˆุน ูˆู„ูƒู†ู‘ููŠ ุตุญููŠ ุŒ
02:09
and we exaggerate, so almost 1.5 million people a week,
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ูˆู†ุญู† ู†ุจุงู„ุบ ุŒ ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ูู‡ูŠ ู…ุง ูŠู‚ุฑุจ ู…ู† ูก,ูฅ ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ุดุฎุต ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุณุจูˆุนุŒ
02:13
close to 70 million people a year.
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ู…ุง ูŠู‚ุฑุจ ู…ู† ูงู  ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ุดุฎุต ุณู†ูˆูŠุงู‹.
02:17
And if you do the math, that's 130 people every minute.
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ูˆ ุญุณุงุจูŠู‘ุงู‹ุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูกูฃู  ุดุฎุต ูƒู„ ุฏู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ.
02:21
So, that'll be -- in the 18 minutes that I'm given to talk here,
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ูˆู‡ูƒุฐุง ุŒ ูุณูˆู ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฐู„ูƒ -- ููŠ ุงู„ ูกูจุฏู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุฃุนุทูŠุช ู„ู„ุชุญุฏุซ ู‡ู†ุง
02:24
between two and three thousand people will have journeyed to the cities.
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ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุฃู„ููŠู† ูˆ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุขู„ุงู ุดุฎุต ูŠุฑุญู„ูˆู† ู„ู„ู…ุฏู†.
02:28
And here are the statistics.
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ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฅุญุตุงุฆูŠุงุช.
02:31
Today -- a billion squatters,
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ุงู„ูŠูˆู… - ู…ู„ูŠุงุฑ ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุนุดูˆุงุฆูŠุฉุŒ
02:33
one in six people on the planet.
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ุดุฎุต ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู† ุจูŠู† ุณุชุฉ ุฃุดุฎุงุต ุนู„ูŠ ูƒูˆูƒุจ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ.
02:35
2030 -- two billion squatters,
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ุนุงู… ูขู ูฃู  - ู…ู„ูŠุงุฑุงู† ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุนุดูˆุงุฆูŠุฉุŒ
02:38
one in four people on the planet.
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ุดุฎุตูŒ ูˆุงุญุฏูŒ ู…ู† ุจูŠู† ุฃุฑุจุน ุฃุดุฎุงุต ุนู„ู‰ ูƒูˆูƒุจ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ.
02:40
And the estimate is that in 2050, there'll be three billion squatters,
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ูˆุงู„ุชู‚ุฏูŠุฑุงุช ุชู‚ูˆู„ ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ ุนุงู… ูขู ูฅู ุŒ ุณูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุซู„ุงุซ ู…ู„ูŠุงุฑุงุช ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุนุดูˆุงุฆูŠุฉ.
02:43
better than one in three people on earth.
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ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุดุฎุต ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจูŠู† ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุฃุดุฎุงุต ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ.
02:47
So, these are the cities of the future, and we have to engage them.
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ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ู…ุฏู† ุงู„ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ ุŒ
02:56
And I was thinking this morning of the good life,
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ูˆู‚ุฏ ูƒู†ุช ุฃููƒุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุตุจุงุญ ููŠ ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉ ุงู„ูƒุฑูŠู…ุฉุŒ
03:02
and before I show you the rest of my presentation,
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ูˆู‚ุจู„ ุฃู† ุฃุนุฑุถ ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ุจู‚ูŠุฉ ู…ูˆุถูˆุนูŠ ู‡ุฐุงุŒ
03:04
I'm going to violate TED rules here,
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ุณูˆู ุฃุฎุงู„ู ู‚ูˆุงุนุฏ ุชูŠุฏุŒ
03:06
and I'm going to read you something from my book as quickly as I can.
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ูˆุณูˆู ุฃู‚ุฑุฃ ู„ูƒู… ุจุนุถุงู‹ ู…ู† ูƒุชุงุจูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุฃุณุฑุน ู…ุง ูŠู…ูƒู†.
03:12
Because I think it says something about reversing our perception
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ู„ุฃู†ู†ูŠ ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุจุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุชุญุฏุซ ุนู† ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ุชุตูˆุฑู†ุง
03:17
of what we think the good life is.
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ู„ู…ุง ู†ุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู†ู‡ ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉ ุงู„ูƒุฑูŠู…ุฉ.
03:24
So -- "The hut was made of corrugated metal, set on a concrete pad.
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ูˆู‚ุฏ ุจู†ูŠ ุงู„ูƒูˆุฎ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุนุฏู† ุงู„ู…ู…ูˆุฌ ุŒ ู…ุซุจุช ุนู„ู‰ ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ ู…ุชูŠู†ุฉ.
03:29
It was a 10 by 10 cell.
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ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุญุฌุฑุฉ ุฃุจุนุงุฏู‡ุง ูกู  ููŠ ูกู .
03:32
Armstrong O'Brian, Jr. shared it with three other men.
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ูŠุณูƒู†ู‡ ุฃุฑู…ุณุชุฑูˆู†ุบ ุฃูˆุจุฑูŠุงู† ุงู„ุงุจู† ู…ุน ู…ุดุงุฑูƒุฉ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุฑุฌุงู„ ุขุฎุฑูŠู†.
03:36
Armstrong and his friends had no water --
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ุฃุฑู…ุณุชุฑูˆู†ุบ ูˆ ุฃุตุฏู‚ุงุคู‡ ู„ู… ูŠูƒู† ู„ุฏูŠู‡ู… ุงู„ู…ุงุกุŒ
03:39
they bought it from a nearby tap owner --
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ูŠุดุชุฑูˆู†ู‡ ู…ู† ุตุงุญุจ ุตู†ุจูˆุฑ ู…ูŠุงู‡ ุจุงู„ู‚ุฑุจ ู…ู† ุณูƒู†ู‡ู….
03:41
no toilet -- the families in this compound shared a single pit-latrine --
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ู„ุง ุชูˆุฌุฏ ู…ุฑุงุญูŠุถุŒ ุชุดุชุฑูƒ ุงู„ุฃุณุฑ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ุน ุงู„ุณูƒู†ูŠ ููŠ ู…ุฑุญุงุถ ุญูุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏ.
03:46
and no sewers or sanitation.
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ู„ุง ุชูˆุฌุฏ ู…ุฌุงุฑูŠ ุฃูˆ ุตุฑู ุตุญูŠ.
03:48
They did have electricity,
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ู„ุฏูŠู‡ู… ูƒู‡ุฑุจุงุกุŒ
03:50
but it was illegal service tapped from someone else's wires,
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ูˆู„ูƒู†ู‡ุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุฎุฏู…ุฉ ุบูŠุฑ ู‚ุงู†ูˆู†ูŠุฉ ุชูˆุตู„ ู…ู† ุฃุณู„ุงูƒ ุดุฎุต ุขุฎุฑุŒ
03:53
and could only power one feeble bulb.
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ูˆูŠู…ูƒู†ู‡ุง ูู‚ุท ุฅุถุงุกุฉ ู…ุตุจุงุญ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุถุนูŠู.
03:56
This was Southland, a small shanty community
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ูƒุงู†ุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุณุงูˆุซู„ุงู†ุฏุŒ ู…ุฌู…ุน ุฃูƒูˆุงุฎ ุตุบูŠุฑ
03:59
on the western side of Nairobi, Kenya.
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ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุงู†ุจ ุงู„ุบุฑุจูŠ ู…ู† ู†ูŠุฑูˆุจูŠ ุจูƒูŠู†ูŠุง.
04:01
But it could've been anywhere in the city,
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู…ูƒู† ูˆุฌูˆุฏู‡ ููŠ ุฃูŠ ู…ูƒุงู† ุจุงู„ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉุŒ
04:04
because more than half the city of Nairobi lives like this.
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ู„ุฃู†ู‘ูŽ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ู†ุตู ุณูƒุงู† ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ู†ูŠุฑูˆุจูŠ ูŠุนูŠุดูˆู† ู‡ูƒุฐุง.
04:07
1.5 million people stuffed into mud or metal huts
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ู€ ูก,ูฅู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ุดุฎุต ูŠุชูƒุฏุณูˆู† ุฏุงุฎู„ ุฃูƒูˆุงุฎ ู…ู† ุงู„ุทูŠู† ูˆุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ
04:11
with no services, no toilets, no rights.
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ุจู„ุง ุฎุฏู…ุงุช ุŒ ุจู„ุง ู…ุฑุงุญูŠุถ ุŒ ุจู„ุง ุญู‚ูˆู‚.
04:14
"Armstrong explained the brutal reality of their situation:
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ูˆุฃูˆุถุญ ุฃุฑู…ุณุชุฑูˆู†ุบ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุงู„ูˆุญุดูŠ ู„ูˆุถุนู‡ู…ุŒ
04:18
they paid 1,500 shillings in rent, about 20 bucks a month,
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ุฅู†ู‘ูŽู‡ู… ูŠุฏูุนูˆู† ูกูฅู ู  ุดู„ู† ู„ู„ุฅูŠุฌุงุฑ ุŒ ู…ุง ูŠุนุงุฏู„ ูขู  ุฏูˆู„ุงุฑุงู‹ ููŠ ุงู„ุดู‡ุฑุŒ
04:21
a relatively high price for a Kenyan shantytown,
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ุณุนุฑูŒ ู…ุฑุชูุนูŒ ู†ุณุจูŠุงู‹ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู…ุฏู† ุงู„ุตููŠุญ ููŠ ูƒูŠู†ูŠุง ุŒ
04:24
and they could not afford to be late with the money.
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ูˆู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู†ู‡ู… ุชุญู…ู‘ูู„ ุงู„ุชุฃุฎู‘ูุฑ ููŠ ุฏูุน ุงู„ู…ุงู„.
04:27
'In case you owe one month, the landlord will come with his henchmen
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'ููŠ ุญุงู„ ูƒู†ุช ู…ุฏูŠู†ุงู‹ ุดู‡ุฑุฃู‹ ูˆุงุญุฏุงู‹ ุŒ ุณูˆู ูŠุฃุชูŠ ุงู„ู…ุงู„ูƒ ู…ุน ุฃุชุจุงุนู‡
04:29
and bundle you out. He will confiscate your things,' Armstrong said.
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ูˆูŠุฑู…ูˆู† ุจูƒ ุฎุงุฑุฌุงู‹. ูˆุณูˆู ูŠุตุงุฏุฑ ุฃุดูŠุงุกูƒ ุงู„ุฎุงุตุฉ ุŒ ูƒู…ุง ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุงุฑู…ุณุชุฑูˆู†ุบ.
04:33
'Not one month, one day,' his roommate Hilary Kibagendi Onsomu,
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" ู„ูŠุณ ุดู‡ุฑุงู‹ ูˆุงุญุฏุงู‹ุŒ ุจู„ ูŠูˆู…ุงู‹ ูˆุงุญุฏุงู‹!" ูƒู…ุง ุชู‚ูˆู„ ู‡ูŠู„ุงุฑูŠ ูƒุจูŠุงุบู†ุฏูŠ ุฃูˆู†ุณูˆู…ูˆ ุดุฑูŠูƒุชู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุณูƒู†ุŒ
04:38
who was cooking ugali, the spongy white cornmeal concoction
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ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ูƒุงู†ุช ุชู‚ูˆู… ุจุทุจุฎ ุงู„ูŠูˆู‚ุงู„ูŠุŒ ุฎู„ุทุฉ ุงุณูู†ุฌูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุฏู‚ูŠู‚ ุงู„ุฐุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฃุจูŠุถ
04:41
that is the staple food in the country, cut into the conversation.
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ูˆู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุบุฐุงุก ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠ ู„ู„ุจู„ุฏุŒ ู…ู‚ุชุทุนุฉ ู„ู„ุญูˆุงุฑ.
04:45
They called their landlord a Wabenzi, meaning that he is a person
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ูˆูŠุณู…ูˆู† ุงู„ู…ู„ุงูƒ ุจู€ ูˆุงุจูŠู†ุฒูŠุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ู‡ ุดุฎุต
04:48
who has enough money to drive a Mercedes-Benz.
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ุนู†ุฏู‡ ู…ุง ูŠูƒููŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุงู„ ู„ู‚ูŠุงุฏุฉ ุณูŠุงุฑุฉ ู…ุฑุณูŠุฏูŠุณ ุจู†ุฒ.
04:54
Hilary served the ugali with a fry of meat and tomatoes;
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ู‚ุฏู…ุช ู‡ูŠู„ุงุฑูŠ ุงู„ูŠูˆู‚ุงู„ูŠ ู…ุน ุงู„ู„ุญู… ูˆุงู„ุทู…ุงุทู… ุงู„ู…ู‚ู„ูŠูŠู†ุŒ
04:57
the sun slammed down on the thin steel roof;
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ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ุดู…ุณ ุชุถุฑุจ ุจุดุฏุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุณู‚ู ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏูŠ ุงู„ุฑู‚ูŠู‚ุŒ
05:00
and we perspired as we ate.
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ูˆูƒู†ุง ู†ุชุตุจุจ ุนุฑู‚ุง ุฃุซู†ุงุก ุงู„ุฃูƒู„.
05:02
"After we finished, Armstrong straightened his tie,
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ุจุนุฏ ุฃู† ูุฑุบู†ุง ุŒ ุงุณุชุนุฏู„ ุงุฑู…ุณุชุฑูˆู†ุบ ุฑุจุทุฉ ุนู†ู‚ู‡ุŒ
05:05
put on a wool sports jacket, and we headed out into the glare.
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ูˆู„ุจุณ ู…ุนุทู ุฑูŠุงุถุฉ ุตูˆููŠุŒ ุซู… ุฎุฑุฌู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ูˆู‡ุฌ.
05:09
Outside a mound of garbage formed the border
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ุจุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุชุดูƒู„ ูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุงู„ู‚ู…ุงู…ุฉ ุงู„ุญุฏูˆุฏ
05:12
between Southland and the adjacent legal neighborhood of Langata.
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ุจูŠู† ุณุงูˆุซู„ุงู†ุฏ ูˆุญูŠ ู„ุงู†ู‚ุงุชุง ุงู„ู‚ุงู†ูˆู†ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุชุงุฎู….
05:15
It was perhaps eight feet tall, 40 feet long, and 10 feet wide.
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ูƒุงู†ุช ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุจุงุฑุชูุงุน ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฃู‚ุฏุงู… ุŒ ุจุทูˆู„ ูคู  ู‚ุฏู… ุŒ ูˆุจุนุฑุถ ูกู  ุฃู‚ุฏุงู….
05:20
And it was set in a wider watery ooze.
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ูˆู‚ุฏ ูˆูุถูุนุช ููŠ ู…ุณุชู†ู‚ุน ุทูŠู†ูŠ ุนุฑูŠุถ.
05:24
As we passed, two boys were climbing the mount Kenya of trash.
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ุนู†ุฏ ู…ุฑูˆุฑู†ุง ูƒุงู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุตุจูŠุงู† ูŠุชุณู„ู‚ุงู† "ุฌุจู„ ูƒูŠู†ูŠุง" ู„ู„ู‚ู…ุงู…ุฉ.
05:28
They couldn't have been more than five or six years old.
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ู„ู… ุชูƒู† ุฃุนู…ุงุฑู‡ู…ุง ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุฎู…ุณ ุฃูˆ ุณุช ุณู†ูˆุงุช.
05:30
They were barefoot, and with each step their toes sank into the muck
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ูˆูƒุงู†ุง ุญุงููŠูŠ ุงู„ู‚ุฏู…ูŠู†ุŒ ูˆู…ุน ูƒู„ ุฎุทูˆุฉ ูƒุงู†ุช ุฃุตุงุจุน ุฃู‚ุฏุงู…ู‡ู…ุง ุชุบูˆุต ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ู…ุงู…ุฉ
05:34
sending hundreds of flies scattering from the rancid pile.
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ุจุงุนุซุฉู‹ ู…ุฆุงุช ุงู„ุฐุจุงุจ ูˆู‚ุฏ ุชู†ุงุซุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุงู„ู†ุชู†ุฉ.
05:38
I thought they might be playing King of the Hill, but I was wrong.
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ุงุนุชู‚ุฏุช ุฃู†ู‡ู… ูŠู„ุนุจูˆู† ู„ุนุจุฉ ู…ู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฌุจู„ุŒ ูˆู„ูƒู†ูŠ ูƒู†ุช ู…ุฎุทุฆุงู‹.
05:42
Once atop the pile, one of the boys lowered his shorts,
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ูˆุนู†ุฏ ู‚ู…ุฉ ุงู„ูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุŒ ุฎูุถ ุฃุญุฏ ุงู„ูˆู„ุฏูŠู† ุณุฑูˆุงู„ู‡ ุŒ
05:46
squatted, and defecated.
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ุฌู„ุณ ุงู„ู‚ุฑูุตุงุก ุŒ ุซู… ุชุบูˆุท.
05:48
The flies buzzed hungrily around his legs.
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ุญู„ู‘ูŽู‚ ุงู„ุฐุจุงุจ ุฌุงุฆุนุงู‹ ุญูˆู„ ุณุงู‚ูŠู‡.
05:52
When 20 families -- 100 people or so -- share a single latrine,
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ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุชุดุชุฑูƒ ูขู  ุฃุณุฑุฉ - ู…ุง ูŠู‚ุงุฑุจ ูกู ู  ุดุฎุต- ู…ุฑุญุงุถุงู‹ ูˆุงุญุฏุงู‹ุŒ
05:57
a boy pooping on a garbage pile is perhaps no big thing.
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ูุฅู† ุชุบูˆู‘ูุทูŽ ุตุจูŠู‘ู ุนู„ู‰ ูƒูˆู…ุฉ ู‚ู…ุงู…ุฉ ู‚ุฏ ู„ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุดูŠุฆุงู‹ ูƒุจูŠุฑุงู‹.
06:01
But it stood in jarring contrast
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ูˆู„ูƒู†ู’ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู†ู‚ูŠุถ ุชู…ุงู…ุงู‹
06:03
to something Armstrong had said as we were eating --
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ู…ู† ู…ุง ุฐูƒุฑู‡ ุงุฑู…ุณุชุฑูˆู†ุบ ุฃุซู†ุงุก ุชู†ุงูˆู„ู†ุง ู„ู„ุทุนุงู…-
06:06
that he treasured the quality of life in his neighborhood.
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ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠู‚ุฏู‘ูุฑ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉ ููŠ ู…ุฌุงูˆุฑุชู‡.
06:09
"For Armstrong, Southland wasn't constrained by its material conditions.
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ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ุงุฑู…ุณุชุฑูˆู†ุบุŒ ูุงู† ุณุงูˆุซู„ุงู†ุฏ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ู‚ูŠุฏุฉ ุจุญุงู„ุชู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ุงุฏูŠู‘ุฉ.
06:14
Instead, the human spirit radiated out
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ุจุฏู„ุงู‹ ุนู† ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ูุฅู†ู‘ูŽ ุฑูˆุญ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุชุดุนู‘ู ู…ู†ุจุนุซุฉู‹
06:17
from the metal walls and garbage heaps to offer something
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ู…ู† ุงู„ุญูˆุงุฆุท ุงู„ู…ุนุฏู†ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุฃูƒูˆุงู… ุงู„ู‚ู…ุงู…ุฉ ู„ุชู‚ุฏู… ุดูŠุฆุงู‹
06:20
no legal neighborhood could: freedom.
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ู„ุง ุชู‚ุฏู…ู‡ ุฃูŠ ู…ุฌุงูˆุฑุฉ ู‚ุงู†ูˆู†ูŠุฉ - ุงู„ุญุฑูŠุฉ.
06:23
'This place is very addictive,' he had said.
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ุซู… ู‚ุงู„" ู‚ุฏ ุชุฏู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูƒุงู† ุจุฏุฑุฌุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉุŒ".
06:26
'It's a simple life, but nobody is restricting you.
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"ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุญูŠุงุฉ ุจุณูŠุทุฉุŒ ูˆู„ูƒู† ู„ุง ุฃุญุฏ ูŠูุฑุถ ุนู„ูŠูƒ ู‚ูŠูˆุฏ
06:29
Nobody is controlling what you do.
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ูˆู„ุง ุฃุญุฏ ูŠุญูƒู… ู…ุง ุชูุนู„
06:32
Once you have stayed here, you cannot go back.'
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ุญุงู„ู…ุง ู…ูƒุซุช ู‡ู†ุงุŒ ู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุงู„ุนูˆุฏุฉ."
06:36
He meant back beyond that mountain of trash,
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ูˆู‚ุตุฏ ุจุงู„ุนูˆุฏุฉุŒ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุง ูˆุฑุงุก ุฌุจุงู„ ุงู„ู‚ู…ุงู…ุฉุŒ
06:38
back in the legal city, of legal buildings,
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ุงู„ุนูˆุฏุฉ ู„ู„ู…ุฏู† ุงู„ู‚ุงู†ูˆู†ูŠุฉุŒ ุฐุงุช ุงู„ู…ุจุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ู‚ุงู†ูˆู†ูŠุฉุŒ
06:41
with legal leases and legal rights.
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ุจุนู‚ูˆุฏ ุงู„ุฅูŠุฌุงุฑ ุงู„ู‚ุงู†ูˆู†ูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ุญู‚ูˆู‚ ุงู„ู‚ุงู†ูˆู†ูŠุฉ.
06:44
'Once you have stayed here,' he said,
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ูˆู‚ุงู„ "ุญุงู„ู…ุง ู…ูƒุซุช ู‡ู†ุงุŒ"
06:47
'you can stay for the rest of your life.'"
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ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุงู„ุจู‚ุงุก ู…ุง ุชุจู‚ู‰ ู„ูƒ ู…ู† ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉ."
06:51
So, he has hope, and this is where these communities start.
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ู„ุฐุง ูู‡ูˆ ู„ุฏูŠู‡ ุฃู…ู„ุŒ ูˆู…ู† ู‡ู†ุง ุชุจุฏุฃ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุนุงุช.
06:56
This is perhaps the most primitive shanty that you can find in Kibera,
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ุฑุจู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒูˆุฎ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุจุฏุงุฆูŠุฉ ููŠ ูƒูŠุจูŠุฑุงุŒ
07:01
little more than a stick-and-mud hut next to a garbage heap.
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ุฃุตุบุฑ ุจู‚ู„ูŠู„ ู…ู† ูƒูˆุฎ ุงู„ู‚ุด ูˆุงู„ุทูŠู† ุงู„ู‚ุฑูŠุจ ู…ู† ูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุงู„ู‚ู…ุงู…ุฉ.
07:06
This is getting ready for the monsoon in Bombay, India.
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ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุงุณุชุนุฏุงุฏ ู„ุฑูŠุงุญ ุงู„ู…ู†ุณูˆู† ููŠ ุจูˆู…ุจุงูŠ ุจุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏ.
07:09
This is home improvement:
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ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุชุญุณูŠู† ุงู„ู…ู†ุฒู„.
07:11
putting plastic tarps on your roof.
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ูˆุถุน ุงู„ุฃู‚ู…ุดุฉ ุงู„ุจู„ุงุณุชูŠูƒูŠุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุณุทุญ.
07:15
This is in Rio de Janeiro, and it's getting a bit better, right?
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ูˆู‡ุฐุง ููŠ ุฑูŠูˆ ุฏูŠ ุฌุงู†ูŠุฑูˆุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฃูุถู„ ุญุงู„ุงู‹ุŒ ุฃู„ูŠุณ ูƒุฐู„ูƒุŸ
07:19
We're seeing scavenged terra cotta tile and little pieces of signs,
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ูู†ุฑู‰ ุจู„ุงุท ุชูŠุฑุงูƒูˆุชุง ุงู„ู…ู†ุธู‘ูŽู ูˆู‚ุทุน ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ุงูุชุงุชุŒ
07:25
and plaster over the brick, some color,
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ูˆุงู„ุฌุต ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุทูˆุจุŒ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃู„ูˆุงู†ุŒ
07:28
and this is Sulay Montakaya's house in Sultanbelyi, and it's getting even better.
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ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู…ู†ุฒู„ ุณูˆู„ูŠ ู…ูˆู†ุชุงูƒุงูŠุง ููŠ ุณู„ุทุงู†ุจูŠู„ูŠุŒ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุฃูŠุถุง ุฃุญุณู† ุญุงู„ุงู‹.
07:33
He's got a fence; he scavenged a door;
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ุจู‡ ุณูŠุงุฌุŒ
07:35
he's got new tile on the roof.
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ู„ุฏูŠู‡ ุจู„ุงุท ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุณุทุญ.
07:38
And then you get Rocinha
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ุซู… ู„ุฏูŠูƒู… ู‡ู†ุง ุฑูˆุณูŠู†ู‡ุง
07:40
and you can see that it's getting even better.
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ูˆูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุฃู† ุชุฑู‰ ุฃู†ู‘ู‡ ุฃูุถู„ ุญุงู„ุงู‹.
07:44
The buildings here are multi-story.
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ูƒู„ ุงู„ู…ุจุงู†ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ู…ุชุนุฏุฏุฉ ุงู„ุทูˆุงุจู‚.
07:46
They develop -- you can see on the far right
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ูˆู‚ุฏ ุจู†ูˆุง-- ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุฃู† ุชุฑู‰ ููŠ ุฃู‚ุตู‰ ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู†
07:49
one where it seems to just stack on top of each other,
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ุญูŠุซ ูŠุจุฏูˆ ุฃุจู†ูŠุฉู‹ ู…ูƒูˆู…ุฉู‹ ููˆู‚ ุจุนุถู‡ุง ุงู„ุจุนุถุŒ
07:52
room, after room, after room.
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ุบุฑูุฉ ุจุนุฏ ุบุฑูุฉ ุจุนุฏ ุบุฑูุฉ.
07:54
And what people do is they develop their home on one or two stories,
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ูˆู…ุง ูŠูุนู„ู‡ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ู‡ูˆ ุฃู†ู‡ู… ูŠุจู†ูˆู† ู…ู†ุงุฒู„ู‡ู… ู…ู† ุทุงุจู‚ ุฃูˆ ุทุงุจู‚ูŠู†ุŒ
07:58
and they sell their loggia or roof rights,
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ุซู… ูŠุจูŠุนูˆู† ู…ู„ูƒูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูˆุฌูŠุง ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุณุทุญุŒ
08:01
and someone else builds on top of their building,
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ุซู… ูŠุจู†ูŠ ุดุฎุต ุขุฎุฑ ููˆู‚ ู…ุจู†ุงู‡ู…ุŒ
08:02
and then that person sells the roof rights,
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ุซู… ูŠุจูŠุน ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ุดุฎุต ู…ู„ูƒูŠุฉ ุงู„ุณุทุญุŒ
08:04
and someone else builds on top of their building.
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ุซู… ูŠุจู†ูŠ ุดุฎุต ุขุฎุฑ ููˆู‚ ู…ุจู†ุงู‡ู….
08:06
All of these buildings are made out of reinforced concrete and brick.
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ูƒู„ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ู…ุจุงู†ูŠ ู…ุตู†ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎุฑุณุงู†ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุณู„ุญุฉ ูˆุงู„ุทูˆุจ.
08:10
And then you get Sultanbelyi, in Turkey, where it's even built
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ุซู… ู‡ู†ุง ู†ุฌุฏ ุณู„ุทุงู†ุจูŠู„ูŠ ุจุชุฑูƒูŠุง ุญูŠุซ ุจู†ูŠุช
08:14
to a higher level of design.
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ุจู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุนุงู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ุชุตู…ูŠู… .
08:15
The crud in the front is mattress stuffing,
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ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุชู†ุงุซุฑ ุจุงู„ุฃู…ุงู… ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุญุดูˆ ู…ุฑุชุจุฉุŒ
08:18
and you see that all over Turkey.
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ูˆู†ุฑู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ ููŠ ูƒู„ ุฃุฑุฌุงุก ุชุฑูƒูŠุง.
08:20
People dry out or air out their mattress stuffing on their roofs.
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ูุงู„ู†ุงุณ ูŠุฌูููˆู† ุฃูˆ ูŠุนุฑุถูˆู† ู…ุฑุงุชุจู‡ู… ู„ู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทูˆุญ ู…ู†ุงุฒู„ู‡ู….
08:24
But the green building, on behind,
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ุฃู…ู‘ุง ุงู„ู…ุจู†ู‰ "ุฐุง ุงู„ุนู…ุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุฏุงู…ุฉ" ุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ูุŒ
08:26
you can see that the top floor is not occupied,
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ูุจุฅู…ูƒุงู†ูƒ ุฃู† ุชุฑู‰ ุฃู† ุงู„ุทุงุจู‚ ุงู„ุนู„ูˆูŠ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุฃู‡ูˆู„ ุจุงู„ุณูƒุงู†ุŒ
08:28
so people are building with the possibility of expansion.
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ูุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุจู†ุงุก ูŠุถุน ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ุชูˆุณุน ููŠ ุญุณุจุงู†ู‡ู… .
08:31
And it's built to a pretty high standard of design.
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ูˆุงู„ุฐูŠ ุจูู†ููŠูŽ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุณุชูˆู‹ ุนุงู„ู ุฌุฏุงู‹ ู…ู† ุงู„ุชุตู…ูŠู….
08:34
And then you finally get squatter homes like this,
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ุซู… ุฃุฎูŠุฑุง ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ู…ู†ุงุฒู„ ุนุดูˆุงุฆูŠุฉ ูƒู‡ุฐู‡ุŒ
08:36
which is built on the suburban model.
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ูˆู‡ูŠ ู…ุจู†ูŠุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุทุฑุงุฒ ุงู„ุถูˆุงุญูŠ.
08:38
Hey, that's a single family home in the squatter community.
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ู…ู‡ู„ุงู‹ุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ู†ุฒู„ ู„ุฃุณุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุน ุงู„ุนุดูˆุงุฆูŠ.
08:41
That's also in Istanbul, Turkey.
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ูˆู‡ูˆ ุฃูŠุถุง ููŠ ุงุณุชุงู†ุจูˆู„ ุจุชุฑูƒูŠุง.
08:43
They're quite vital places, these communities.
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ูู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุนุงุช ุฃู…ุงูƒู† ุญูŠูˆูŠุฉ ุฌุฏุงู‹ ุŒ .
08:45
This is the main drag of Rocinha, the Estrada da Gavea,
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ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฌุฑุงุฑ ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠ ููŠ ุฑูˆุณูŠู†ู‡ุง ุŒ ุงุณุชุฑุงุฏุง ุฏุง ู‚ุงููŠุงุŒ
08:49
and there's a bus route that runs through it,
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ูˆู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุทุฑูŠู‚ ู„ู„ุญุงูู„ุฉ ูŠู…ุฑู‘ู ุนุจุฑู‡ุงุŒ
08:51
lots of people out on the street.
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ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ููŠ ุงู„ุดุงุฑุน.
08:53
These communities in these cities are actually more vital
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ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุนุงุช ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฏู† ููŠ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุญูŠูˆูŠุฉู‹
08:56
than the illegal communities.
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ู…ู† ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุนุงุช ุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ู‚ุงู†ูˆู†ูŠุฉ.
08:58
They have more things going on in them.
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ู„ุฏูŠู‡ู… ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุชุญุฏุซ ู„ู‡ู….
09:01
This is a typical pathway in Rocinha called a "beco" --
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ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุฑ ุงู„ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌูŠ ููŠ ุฑูˆุณูŠู†ู‡ุง ูˆูŠุณู…ู‰ ุจูŠูƒูˆ--
09:04
these are how you get around the community.
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ูˆุนุจุฑู‡ุง ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุงู„ุชุฌูˆุงู„ ุญูˆู„ ุงู„ู…ูุฌูŽู…ู‘ูŽุน.
09:06
It's on very steep ground.
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ุฅู†ู‘ู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุฑุถ ู…ู†ุญุฏุฑุฉ ุฌุฏุงู‹.
09:08
They're built on the hills, inland from the beaches in Rio,
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ูู‡ูŠ ู…ุจู†ูŠุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชู„ุงู„ ุŒ ู†ุญูˆ ุงู„ุฏุงุฎู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ุดูˆุงุทุฆ ููŠ ุฑูŠูˆุŒ
09:11
and you can see that the houses are just cantilevered over the natural obstructions.
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ูˆูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุฃู† ุชุฑู‰ ุฃู† ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุฒู„ ู†ุงุชุฆุฉ ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ ู…ู† ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุนู‚ุจุงุช ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠุฉ.
09:15
So, that's just a rock in the hillside.
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ูู‡ุฐุง ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ุตุฎุฑุฉ ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฌุงู†ุจ ุงู„ุชู„.
09:17
And these becos are normally very crowded,
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ูˆุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ู€ ุจูŠูƒูˆ ุชูƒูˆู† ุนุงุฏุฉ ู…ุฒุฏุญู…ุฉ ุฌุฏุงุŒ
09:21
and people hump furniture up them, or refrigerators up them,
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ูุงู„ู†ุงุณ ูŠุฌู…ุนูˆู† ุงู„ุฃุซุงุซุงุช ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุซู„ุงุฌุงุช ุจุงู„ู‚ู…ุฉุŒ
09:24
all sorts of things.
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ูƒู„ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก.
09:26
Beer is all carried in on your shoulders.
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ูˆุงู„ุจูŠุฑุฉ ู‡ูŠ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุชุญู…ู„ู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃูƒุชุงููƒ.
09:28
Beer is a very important thing in Brazil.
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ูุงู„ุจูŠุฑุฉ ุดุฆ ู…ู‡ู… ุฌุฏุง ููŠ ุงู„ุจุฑุงุฒูŠู„.
09:31
This is commerce in Kenya, right along the train tracks,
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ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุทู‚ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑูŠุฉ ููŠ ูƒูŠู†ูŠุง ุŒ ู…ู…ุชุฏุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„ ู…ุณุงุฑ ุงู„ู‚ุทุงุฑุŒ
09:36
so close to the train tracks that the merchants
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ู‚ุฑูŠุจุฉูŒ ุฌุฏุงู‹ ู…ู† ู…ุณุงุฑ ุงู„ู‚ุทุงุฑ ู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุฃู†ู‘ูŽ ุงู„ุจุงุนุฉ
09:38
sometimes have to pull the merchandise out of the way.
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ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃุญูŠุงู† ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ุฃู† ูŠุณุญุจูˆุง ุงู„ุจุถุงุฆุน ุจุนูŠุฏุงู‹ ุนู† ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚.
09:41
This is a marketplace, also in Kenya, Toi Market,
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ู‡ุฐุง ุณูˆู‚ ุŒ ุฃูŠุถุง ููŠ ูƒูŠู†ูŠุงุŒ ุณูˆู‚ ุชูˆูŠุŒ
09:44
lots of dealers, in almost everything you want to buy.
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ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑ ุŒ ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ูƒู„ ุดูŠุก ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชุฑูŠุฏ ุดุฑุงุคู‡.
09:48
Those green things in the foreground are mangoes.
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ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุงู„ุฎุถุฑุงุก ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุฏู…ุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ู…ุงู†ุฌูˆ.
09:51
This is a shopping street in Kibera,
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ู‡ุฐุง ุดุงุฑุน ุชุณูˆู‚ ููŠ ูƒูŠุจูŠุฑุงุŒ
09:53
and you can see that there's a soda dealer, a health clinic,
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ูˆูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุฃู† ุชุฑู‰ ุฃู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุจุงุฆุน ู…ูŠุงู‡ ุบุงุฒูŠุฉุŒ ูˆุนูŠุงุฏุฉ ุตุญูŠุฉุŒ
09:58
two beauty salons, a bar, two grocery stores, and a church, and more.
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ุตุงู„ูˆู†ูŠู† ู„ู„ุชุฌู…ูŠู„ ุŒ ุญุงู†ุฉุŒ ุจู‚ุงู„ุชูŠู†ุŒ ูˆูƒู†ูŠุณุฉ ุŒ ูˆุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ.
10:03
It's a typical downtown street; it just happens to be self-built.
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ุฅู†ู‡ ุดุงุฑุน ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌูŠ ููŠ ูˆุณุท ุงู„ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ุŒ ูˆู‚ุฏ ุญุฏุซ ุฃู†ู’ ุชูƒูˆู‘ูŽู† ุจุงู„ุจู†ุงุก ุงู„ุฐุงุชูŠ.
10:08
This here, on the right-hand side,
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ูˆู‡ู‡ู†ุง ุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌุงู†ุจ ุงู„ุฃูŠู…ู†ุŒ
10:11
is what's called a -- if you look at the fine print under the awning --
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ู…ุง ูŠุณู…ู‰ -- ุงุฐุง ู†ุธุฑุช ุงู„ู‰ ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ุงู„ุฏู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ุชุญุช ุงู„ู…ุธู„ุฉ--
10:14
it's a hotel.
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ุงู†ู‡ ูู†ุฏู‚.
10:16
And what hotel means, in Kenya and India, is an eating-place.
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ูˆู…ุง ูŠู‚ุตุฏ ุจุงู„ูู†ุฏู‚ ุŒ ููŠ ูƒูŠู†ูŠุง ูˆุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุŒ ู‡ูˆ ู…ูƒุงู† ู„ุชู†ุงูˆู„ ุงู„ุทุนุงู….
10:22
So, that's a restaurant.
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ูุฐู„ูƒ ู…ุทุนู….
10:24
People steal electrical power -- this is Rio.
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ูŠุณุฑู‚ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ุทุงู‚ุฉ ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุงุฆูŠุฉ-- ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฑูŠูˆ.
10:26
People tap in and they have thieves who are called "grillos" or "crickets,"
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ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ูŠูˆุตู„ูˆู† ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุงุก ูˆู„ุฏูŠู‡ู… ู„ุตูˆุต ูŠุฏุนูˆู† ุงู„ุฌุฑุงุฏ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุตุฑุงุตูŠุฑุŒ
10:33
and they steal the electrical power
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ูˆูŠุณุฑู‚ูˆู† ุงู„ุทุงู‚ุฉ ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุงุฆูŠุฉุŒ
10:35
and wire the neighborhood.
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ุซู… ูŠุบุฐูˆู† ุงู„ู…ุฌุงูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ุณูƒู†ูŠุฉ.
10:37
People burn trash to get rid of the garbage,
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ูŠุญุฑู‚ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู‚ู…ุงู…ุฉ ูƒูŠ ูŠุชุฎู„ุตูˆุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃูˆุณุงุฎ.
10:40
and they dig their own sewer channels.
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ูˆูŠุญูุฑูˆู† ู‚ู†ูˆุงุช ุงู„ุตุฑู ุงู„ุตุญูŠ ุจุฃู†ูุณู‡ู….
10:44
Talk about more plastic bags than plankton.
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ูˆุญุฏู‘ูุซู’ ุนู† ุฃูƒูŠุงุณ ุงู„ุจู„ุงุณุชูŠูƒ ุงู„ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุนูˆุงู„ู‚.
10:47
And sometimes they have natural trash-disposal.
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ูˆููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃุญูŠุงู† ู„ุฏูŠู‡ู… ู…ุนุงู„ุฌุฉ ู†ูุงูŠุงุช ุทุจูŠุนูŠุฉ.
10:51
And when they have more money they cement their streets,
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ูˆุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ุฏูŠู‡ู… ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุงู„ ูุงู†ู‡ู… ูŠุฑุตููˆู† ุงู„ุดูˆุงุฑุน.
10:54
and they put in sewers and good water pipes, and stuff like that.
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ูˆูŠุญูุฑูˆู† ู…ุฌุงุฑูŠ ุงู„ุตุฑู ุงู„ุตุญูŠ ูˆุฃู†ุงุจูŠุจ ู…ูŠุงู‡ ุงู„ุดุฑุจ ูˆุฃุดูŠุงุก ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู‚ุจูŠู„.
10:58
This is water going to Rio. People run their water pipes all over the place,
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ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุงุก ุฐุงู‡ุจ ุงู„ู‰ ุฑูŠูˆุŒ ูˆุงู„ู†ุงุณ ูŠู…ุฑุฑูˆู† ุฃู†ุงุจูŠุจ ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡ ููŠ ูƒู„ ู…ูƒุงู† ุŒ
11:04
and that little hut right there has a pump in it, and that's what people do:
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ูˆุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ูƒูˆุฎ ุงู„ุตุบูŠุฑ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุจู‡ ู…ุถุฎุฉุŒ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู…ุง ูŠูุนู„ู‡ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ.
11:07
they steal electricity; they install a pump
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ูŠุณุฑู‚ูˆู† ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุงุก ุŒ ุซู… ูŠุฑูƒุจูˆู† ุงู„ู…ุถุฎุฉ
11:09
and they tap into the water main, and pump water up to their houses.
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ุซู… ูŠูˆุตู„ูˆู†ู‡ุง ู…ุน ุฃู†ุจูˆุจ ุงู„ู…ุงุก ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠุŒ ูˆูŠุถุฎูˆู† ุงู„ู…ุงุก ุงู„ู‰ ู…ู†ุงุฒู„ู‡ู….
11:13
So, the question is how do you go from the mud-hut village,
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ู„ุฐุง ุŒ ูุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ู‡ูˆ ูƒูŠู ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุฃู† ุชุฐู‡ุจ ู…ู† ู‚ุฑูŠุฉ ูƒูˆุฎ ุงู„ุทูŠู† ุŒ
11:19
to the more developed city, to the even highly developed Sultanbelyi?
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ู„ู„ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ุงู„ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุชุทูˆุฑุงู‹ุŒ ุฅู„ู‰ ุณู„ุทุงู†ุจูŠู„ูŠ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุณุชูˆู‹ ุนุงู„ู ู…ู† ุงู„ุชุทูˆุฑุŸ
11:24
I say there are two things.
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ุฃู†ุง ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุดูŠุฆุงู† ุงุซู†ุงู†.
11:26
One is people need a guarantee they won't be evicted.
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ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ู‡ูˆ ุฃู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุจุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ู‰ ุฃู† ูŠุถู…ู†ูˆุง ุจุฃู†ู‡ู… ู„ู† ูŠุทุฑุฏูˆุง.
11:28
That does not necessarily mean property rights,
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ู‡ุฐุง ู„ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุงู„ุถุฑูˆุฑุฉ ุญู‚ูˆู‚ ุงู„ู…ู„ูƒูŠุฉ ุŒ
11:30
and I would disagree with Hernando de Soto on that question,
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ูุฃู†ุง ุฃุฎุชู„ู ู…ุน ู‡ูŠุฑู†ุงู†ุฏูˆ ุฏูŠ ุณูˆุชูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ุŒ
11:34
because property rights create a lot of complications.
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ู„ุฃู† ุญู‚ูˆู‚ ุงู„ู…ู„ูƒูŠุฉ ุชุฎู„ู‚ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุชุนู‚ูŠุฏุงุชุŒ
11:36
They're most often sold to people, and people then wind up in debt
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ูู‡ูŠ ููŠ ู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ุฃุญูŠุงู† ุชุจุงุน ู„ู„ู†ุงุณุŒ ุซู… ูŠู†ุชู‡ูˆู† ุจุงู„ุฏูŠูˆู†
11:40
and have to pay back the debt,
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ูˆุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ุชุณุฏูŠุฏ ุงู„ุฏูŠูˆู†
11:42
and sometimes have to sell their property
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ูˆููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃุญูŠุงู† ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ุจูŠุน ู…ู…ุชู„ูƒุงุชู‡ู…
11:44
in order to pay back the debt.
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ูƒูŠ ูŠุณุชุทูŠุนูˆุง ุชุณุฏูŠุฏ ุงู„ุฏูŠูˆู†.
11:46
There's a whole variety of other reasons why property rights
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ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ุชู†ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุณุจุงุจ ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุชูˆุถุญ ุฃู† ุญู‚ูˆู‚ ุงู„ู…ู„ูƒูŠุฉ
11:48
sometimes don't work in these cases,
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ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃุญูŠุงู† ู„ุง ุชู†ุฌุญ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุชุŒ
11:50
but they do need security of tenure.
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ู„ูƒู†ู‡ู… ูŠุญุชุงุฌูˆู† ุงู„ู‰ ุฃู…ู† ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฒุฉ.
11:52
And they need access to politics, and that can mean two things.
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ูˆู‡ู… ูŠุญุชุงุฌูˆู† ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุณูŠูŠู† ุŒ ูˆุฐู„ูƒ ู‚ุฏ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุดูŠุฆูŠู†.
11:56
That can mean community organizing from below,
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ู‚ุฏ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฐู„ูƒ ุชู†ุธูŠู… ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุณูู„ุŒ
12:00
but it can also mean possibilities from above.
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ู‚ุฏ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃูŠุถุง ุงู„ุฅู…ูƒุงู†ูŠุงุช ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุนู„ู‰.
12:03
And I say that because the system in Turkey is notable.
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ูˆุฃู‚ูˆู„ ุฐู„ูƒ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู†ุธุงู… ููŠ ุชุฑูƒูŠุง ู…ุฑู…ูˆู‚.
12:08
Turkey has two great laws that protect squatters.
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ุชุฑูƒูŠุง ู„ุฏูŠู‡ุง ู‚ุงู†ูˆู†ุงู† ูŠุญู…ูŠุงู† ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุนุงุช ุงู„ุนุดูˆุงุฆูŠุฉ.
12:10
One is that -- it's called "gecekondu" in Turkish,
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ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ูˆู‡ูˆ-- ูŠุณู…ู‰ ุฌูŠุณูŠูƒูˆู†ุฏูˆ ุจุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุฉุŒ
12:13
which means "built overnight," and if you build your house overnight
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ูˆู‡ูˆ ู…ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠู† ุนุดูŠุฉ ูˆุถุญุงู‡ุง ุŒ ูุฅุฐุง ุจู†ูŠุช ู…ู†ุฒู„ูƒ ููŠ ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ
12:17
in Turkey, you can't be evicted without due process of law,
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ููŠ ุชุฑูƒูŠุงุŒ ู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ุชุทุฑุฏ ุฏูˆู† ุงุชุจุงุน ุงู„ุฅุฌุฑุงุกุงุช ุงู„ู‚ุงู†ูˆู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ุงุฒู…ุฉ ุŒ
12:21
if they don't catch you during the night.
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ุงุฐุง ู„ู… ูŠู…ุณูƒ ุจูƒ ุฃุญุฏ ุฃุซู†ุงุก ุงู„ู„ูŠู„.
12:24
And the second aspect is that once you have 2,000 people
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ูˆุงู„ุฌุงู†ุจ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฃู†ู‡ ุจู…ุฌุฑุฏ ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ุฏูŠูƒ ูขู ู ู  ุดุฎุต
12:28
in the community, you can petition the government
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ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุนุŒ ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ู…ุทุงู„ุจุฉ ุงู„ุญูƒูˆู…ุฉ
12:30
to be recognized as a legal sub-municipality.
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ุจุฃู† ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุนุชุฑู ุจูƒ ูƒุจู„ุฏูŠุฉ ูุฑุนูŠุฉ ุดุฑุนูŠุฉ.
12:34
And when you're a legal sub-municipality, you suddenly have politics.
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ูˆุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุชูƒูˆู† ุจู„ุฏูŠุฉ ูุฑุนูŠุฉ ุดุฑุนูŠุฉ ุŒ ูุฌุฃุฉ ูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ุฏูŠูƒ ุณูŠุงุณูŠูŠู†.
12:37
You're allowed to have an elected government, collect taxes,
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ูˆูŠุณู…ุญ ู„ูƒ ุจุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ุฏูŠูƒ ุญูƒูˆู…ุฉ ู…ู†ุชุฎุจุฉุŒ ุชุฌู…ุน ุงู„ุถุฑุงุฆุจุŒ
12:39
provide municipal services, and that's exactly what they do.
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ูˆุชูˆูุฑ ุฎุฏู…ุงุช ุงู„ุจู„ุฏูŠุฉ ุŒ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุจุงู„ุถุจุท ู…ุง ูŠูุนู„ูˆู†ู‡.
12:43
So, these are the civic leaders of the future.
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ูู‡ุคู„ุงุก ู‡ู… ู‚ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ู…ุฏู†ูŠูˆู†.
12:47
The woman in the center is Geeta Jiwa.
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ุงู„ุณูŠุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุณุท ู‡ูŠ ุฌูŠุชุง ุฌูŠูˆุง.
12:48
She lives in one of those tents on the highway median in Mumbai.
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ุชุณูƒู† ููŠ ุฅุญุฏู‰ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฎูŠุงู… ููŠ ู…ู†ุชุตู ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ุณุฑูŠุน ููŠ ู…ูˆู…ุจุงูŠ.
12:54
That's Sureka Gundi; she also lives with her family
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ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุณูˆุฑูŠูƒุง ู‚ูˆู†ุฏูŠุŒ ูˆู‡ูŠ ุฃูŠุถุง ุชุณูƒู† ู…ุน ุฃุณุฑุชู‡ุง
12:56
on the tent along the same highway median.
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ููŠ ุงู„ุฎูŠู…ุฉ ุจู…ุญุงุฐุงุฉ ู†ูุณ ูˆุณุท ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ุณุฑูŠุน.
12:58
They're very outspoken. They're very active.
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ุฅู†ู‡ู… ุตุฑูŠุญูˆู† ุฌุฏุงู‹. ูˆ ู†ุดุทูˆู† ู„ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ.
13:00
They can be community leaders.
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ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ู‚ุงุฏุฉ ู…ุฌุชู…ุน.
13:03
This woman is Nine, which means "grandma" in Turkish.
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ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุณูŠุฏุฉ ู‡ูŠ ู†ูŠู†ูŠุŒ ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุนู†ูŠ ุฌุฏุฉ ุจุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุฉ.
13:06
And there were three old ladies who lived in --
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ูˆูƒุงู†ุช ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุซู„ุงุซ ุณูŠุฏุงุช ู…ุชู‚ุฏู…ุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ุณู† ูŠุณูƒู†ู‘ูŽ ููŠ --
13:08
that's her self-built house behind her -- and they've lived there for 30 or 40 years,
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ุฐู„ูƒ ู‡ูˆ ู…ู†ุฒู„ู‡ุง ุฐุงุชูŠ ุงู„ุจู†ุงุก ู…ู† ุฎู„ูู‡ุง-- ูˆู‚ุฏ ุณูƒู†ู‘ูŽ ููŠู‡ ู„ู…ุฏุฉ ูฃู  ุฃูˆ ูคู  ุนุงู…ุงู‹ุŒ
13:13
and they are the backbone of the community there.
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ูˆู‡ู†ู‘ูŽ ุงู„ุนู…ูˆุฏ ุงู„ูู‚ุฑูŠ ู„ู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุน ู‡ู†ุงูƒ.
13:16
This is Richard Muthama Peter,
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ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุฑูŠุชุดุงุฑุฏ ู…ูˆุซุงู…ุง ุจูŠุชุฑุŒ
13:18
and he is an itinerant street photographer in Kibera.
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ูˆู‡ูˆ ู…ุตูˆู‘ูุฑ ููˆุชูˆุบุฑุงููŠ ู…ุชุฌูˆู‘ูู„ ููŠ ูƒูŠุจูŠุฑุง.
13:21
He makes money taking pictures of the neighborhood,
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ุงู†ู‡ ูŠูƒุณุจ ุงู„ู…ุงู„ ุจุงู„ุชู‚ุงุท ุตูˆุฑ ู„ู„ู…ุฌุงูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ุณูƒู†ูŠุฉ ุŒ
13:24
and the people in the neighborhood,
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ูˆุณูƒุงู† ุงู„ู…ุฌุงูˆุฑุฉ
13:26
and is a great resource in the community.
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ูˆูŠุนุฏ ู…ุตุฏุฑุงู‹ ุนุธูŠู…ุงู‹ ู„ู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุน.
13:28
And finally my choice to run for mayor of Rio is Cezinio,
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ูˆุฃุฎูŠุฑุงู‹ ุฎูŠุงุฑูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุชุฑุดุญ ูƒุนู…ุฏุฉ ุฑูŠูˆ ู‡ูˆ ุณูŠุฒูŠู†ูŠูˆุŒ
13:32
the fruit merchant with his two kids here,
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ุจุงุฆุน ุงู„ููˆุงูƒู‡ู‡ ู…ุน ุทูู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ุงุซู†ูŠู†ุŒ
13:34
and a more honest and giving and caring man I don't know.
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ูˆู„ุง ุฃุนุฑู ุฑุฌู„ุงู‹ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุฃู…ุงู†ุฉ ูˆุนุทุงุก ูˆุฑุนุงูŠุฉ ู…ุซู„ู‡.
13:39
The future of these communities is in the people
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ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ู…ุฏู† ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ
13:41
and in our ability to work with those people.
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ูˆููŠ ู…ู‚ุฏุฑุชู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ ู…ุน ุฃูˆู„ุฆูƒ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ.
13:45
So, I think the message I take, from what I read from the book,
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ู„ุฐุงุŒ ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู† ุงู„ุฑุณุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุฃุณุชุฎู„ุตู‡ุงุŒ ู…ู…ุง ู‚ุฑุฃุชู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจุŒ
13:49
from what Armstrong said, and from all these people,
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ู…ู…ุง ู‚ุงู„ู‡ ุขุฑู…ุณุชุฑูˆู†ุฌุŒ ูˆู…ู† ูƒู„ ุฃูˆู„ุฆูƒ ุงู„ู†ุงุณุŒ
13:51
is that these are neighborhoods.
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ู‡ูŠ ุฃู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุฌุงูˆุฑุงุช ุณูƒู†ูŠุฉ.
13:53
The issue is not urban poverty.
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ุงู„ู…ุณุฃู„ุฉ ู„ูŠุณุช ูู‚ุฑ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุทู‚ ุงู„ุญุถุฑูŠุฉ.
13:55
The issue is not the larger, over-arching thing.
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ูˆุงู„ู‚ุถูŠุฉ ู„ูŠุณุช ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุดุฆ ุงู„ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุงู„ู…ู‡ูŠู…ู†.
13:58
The issue is for us to recognize that these are neighborhoods --
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ุงู„ู…ุณุฃู„ุฉ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู†ุง ุฃู† ู†ุนุชุฑู ุจุฃู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ู…ุฌุงูˆุฑุงุช ุณูƒู†ูŠุฉ.
14:01
this is a legitimate form of urban development --
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ู‡ุฐุง ุดูƒู„ ุดุฑุนูŠ ู„ู„ุชู†ู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุญุถุฑูŠุฉ ุŒ
14:04
and that cities have to engage these residents,
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ูˆูŠุฌุจ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุฏู† ุฅุดุฑุงูƒ ู‡ุคู„ุงุก ุงู„ุณูƒุงู† ุŒ
14:07
because they are building the cities of the future.
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ู„ุฃู†ู‡ู… ูŠู‚ูˆู…ูˆู† ุจุจู†ุงุก ู…ุฏู† ุงู„ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„.
14:10
Thank you very much.
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ุดูƒุฑุงู‹ ุฌุฒูŠู„ุงู‹.
ุญูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน

ุณูŠู‚ุฏู… ู„ูƒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน ู…ู‚ุงุทุน ููŠุฏูŠูˆ YouTube ุงู„ู…ููŠุฏุฉ ู„ุชุนู„ู… ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ. ุณุชุฑู‰ ุฏุฑูˆุณ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุชู… ุชุฏุฑูŠุณู‡ุง ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุฏุฑุณูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู…ู† ุฌู…ูŠุน ุฃู†ุญุงุก ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…. ุงู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูˆุถุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุตูุญุฉ ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ. ูŠุชู… ุชู…ุฑูŠุฑ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุงุช ุจุงู„ุชุฒุงู…ู† ู…ุน ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ. ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู„ุฏูŠูƒ ุฃูŠ ุชุนู„ูŠู‚ุงุช ุฃูˆ ุทู„ุจุงุช ุŒ ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ุจู†ุง ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ู‡ุฐุง.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7