Robert Neuwirth: The "shadow cities" of the future

53,986 views ใƒป 2007-01-12

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Zyi Ryong Kim ๊ฒ€ํ† : Gyoung-tae Kim
00:25
Let me show you some images
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์šฐ์„  ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ๋„์‹œ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š”
00:26
of what I consider to be the cities of tomorrow.
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์žฅ์†Œ๋“ค์˜ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณด์‹œ์ฃ .
00:29
So, that's Kibera, the largest squatter community in Nairobi.
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๋จผ์ € 'ํ‚ค๋ฒ ๋ผ'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜์ด๋กœ๋น„ ์ตœ๋Œ€์˜ ๋ฌด๋‹จ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:39
This is the squatter community in Sanjay Gandhi National Park
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” '์ƒจ์ œ์ด ๊ฐ„๋”” ๊ตญ๋ฆฝ ๊ณต์›'์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌด๋‹จ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:44
in Bombay, India, what's called Mumbai these days.
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์ธ๋„ ๋ด„๋ฒ ์ด์— ์žˆ์ฃ . ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ๋ญ„๋ฐ”์ด๋กœ ์ด๋ฆ„์ด ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:48
This is Hosinia, the largest and most urbanized favela
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์ด ๊ณณ์€ ๋ฆฌ์šฐ ๋ฐ ์ž๋„ค์ด๋ฃจ ์ตœ๋Œ€์˜ ํŒŒ๋ฒจ๋ผ*์ธ 'ํ˜ธ์‹œ๋‹ˆ์•„'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (*ํŒŒ๋ฒจ๋ผ: ๋ธŒ๋ผ์งˆ์˜ ๋นˆ๋ฏผ๊ฐ€, ๋ฌด๋‹จ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€)
00:52
in Rio de Janeiro.
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๊ณ ๋„๋กœ ๋„์‹œํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:54
And this is Sultanbelyi,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” '์ˆ ํƒ„๋ฒ ์ผ๋ฆฌ'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:56
which is one of the largest squatter communities in Istanbul.
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์ด์Šคํƒ„๋ถˆ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ๋ฌด๋‹จ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ์ง€ ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ฃ .
01:03
They are what I consider to be the cities of tomorrow,
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฐ ์ด ๊ณณ๋“ค์„ ์ €๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ๋„์‹œ,
01:05
the new urban world.
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์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฐ์ถฐ์ ธ ์žˆ๋˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋„์‹œ์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:07
Now, why do I say that?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์™œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ฃผ์žฅ์„ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
01:09
To tell you about that I have to talk about this fellow here,
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๋‹ต์„ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ ค๋ฉด, ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ์ด ์นœ๊ตฌ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•ด์•ผํ•  ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:12
his name is Julius.
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์ด๋ฆ„์€ ์ฅด๋ฆฌ์šฐ์Šค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:14
And I met Julius the last week that I was living in Kibera.
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ํ‚ค๋ฒ ๋ผ์—์„œ์˜ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์ฃผ์— ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด ์นœ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:19
So, I had been there almost three months,
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๊ทธ๋•Œ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฏธ ์„ ๋‹ฌ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ด ํ‚ค๋ฒ ๋ผ์— ์žˆ๋˜ ๋•Œ์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ,
01:22
and I was touring around the city going to different squatter areas
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์ €๋Š” ๋‚˜์ด๋กœ๋น„์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌด๋‹จ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ค‘์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:26
and Julius was tagging along, and he was bug eyed
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์ฅด๋ฆฌ์šฐ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์ €๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์† ๋”ฐ๋ผ๋…”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋†€๋ž€ ๋ชจ์Šต์œผ๋กœ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
01:29
and at certain points we were walking around,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ„์† ๊ฑท๋˜ ์ค‘์—
01:32
he grabbed my hand for support,
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์ฅด๋ฆฌ์šฐ์Šค๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ๋ถ€ํƒํ•˜๋Š” ํˆฌ๋กœ ์ œ ์†์„ ์žก๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
01:34
which is something most Kenyans would never consider doing.
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๋ณดํ†ต ์ผ€๋ƒ์ธ๋“ค์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:37
They're very polite and they don't get so forward so quickly.
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์˜ˆ์˜๋ฐ”๋ฅด๊ณ , ์„ฑ๊ธ‰ํ•œ ํ–‰๋™์€ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด์ฃ .
01:42
And I found out later that it was Julius' first day in Nairobi,
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๋‚˜์ค‘์—์„œ์•ผ ๊ทธ ๋‚  ์ฅด๋ฆฌ์šฐ์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์ด๋กœ๋น„์— ์ฒ˜์Œ ์™”๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:48
and he's one of many.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜์ด๋กœ๋น„๋กœ ์˜จ ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜€๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
01:52
So, close to 200,000 people a day
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๋งค์ผ 20๋งŒ๋ช… ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ด๊ฐ€
01:56
migrate from the rural to the urban areas.
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๋†์ดŒ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ๋„์‹œ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:00
That's, and I'm going to be fair to the statisticians
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์ข€ ์ „ ์•„์นจ์— ์ฃผ๋‹น ์•ฝ 150๋งŒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ 140๋งŒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ง์”€ํ•˜์‹ 
02:03
who talked this morning, not almost 1.5 million people a week,
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ํ†ต๊ณ„ํ•™์ž๋ถ„๋“ค์˜ ์˜๊ฒฌ์— ๋™์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋งŒ,
02:06
but almost 1.4 million people a week but I'm a journalist,
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์ €๋„๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋ผ๋Š” ์ง์—…์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์ƒ,
02:09
and we exaggerate, so almost 1.5 million people a week,
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์กฐ๊ธˆ ๊ณผ์žฅ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋งˆ๋ จ์ด๋ผ์„œ ์ฃผ๋‹น 150๋งŒ,
02:13
close to 70 million people a year.
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์—ฐ๊ฐ„ 7์ฒœ๋งŒ์— ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ด์ฃผํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ง์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:17
And if you do the math, that's 130 people every minute.
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๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•ด๋ณด๋ฉด ์ด ์ˆ˜์น˜๋Š” ๋ถ„๋‹น 130๋ช…์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์–˜๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:21
So, that'll be -- in the 18 minutes that I'm given to talk here,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ œ๊ฐ€ 18๋ถ„ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ฐ•์—ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์ค‘์—๋„
02:24
between two and three thousand people will have journeyed to the cities.
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2~3์ฒœ๋ช…์ด ๋„์‹œ๋กœ ํ–ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:28
And here are the statistics.
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์ด์ œ ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ํ†ต๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์‹œ์ฃ .
02:31
Today -- a billion squatters,
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋ฌด๋‹จ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ์ž๋Š” 10์–ต๋ช…์— ์ด๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:33
one in six people on the planet.
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ธ๊ตฌ 6๋ช… ๋‹น 1๋ช… ๊ผด์ธ ์…ˆ์ด์ฃ .
02:35
2030 -- two billion squatters,
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2030๋…„์—๋Š” 20์–ต์— ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์‚ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:38
one in four people on the planet.
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4๋ช… ๋‹น 1๋ช…์ด์ฃ .
02:40
And the estimate is that in 2050, there'll be three billion squatters,
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2050๋…„ ์ถ”์‚ฐ์น˜๋Š” 30์–ต๋ช…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:43
better than one in three people on earth.
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3๋ช… ๋‹น 1๋ช…์ด ๋„˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ์…ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:47
So, these are the cities of the future, and we have to engage them.
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์ž, ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ๋„์‹œ ํ˜„์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋“ค์„ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์—ฌ์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:56
And I was thinking this morning of the good life,
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์•„์นจ์— ์ข‹์€ ์‚ถ์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํ•ด๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:02
and before I show you the rest of my presentation,
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๊ฐ•์—ฐ์„ ๋” ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ์•ž์„œ,
03:04
I'm going to violate TED rules here,
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TED ๊ทœ์ •์„ ์–ด๊ธฐ๋Š” ์…ˆ์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋งŒ,
03:06
and I'm going to read you something from my book as quickly as I can.
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์ œ ์ฑ… ๋‚ด์šฉ ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์งค๋ง‰ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ฝ์–ด๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:12
Because I think it says something about reversing our perception
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๋ณดํ†ต ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์ข‹์€ ์‚ถ์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
03:17
of what we think the good life is.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด๋Š” ๊ณ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š” ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:24
So -- "The hut was made of corrugated metal, set on a concrete pad.
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(์ฑ… ๋‚ด์šฉ ์‹œ์ž‘) ํŒ์ž์ง‘์€ ์–‘์ฒ ํŒ์œผ๋กœ ์ฝ˜ํŠธ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์œ„์— ์„ธ์šด ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:29
It was a 10 by 10 cell.
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๊ฐ€๋กœ, ์„ธ๋กœ๋กœ 10๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ฐฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:32
Armstrong O'Brian, Jr. shared it with three other men.
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์•”์ŠคํŠธ๋กฑ ์˜ค๋ธŒ๋ผ์ด์–ธ 2์„ธ๋Š” ๊ทธ ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ 3๋ช…๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:36
Armstrong and his friends had no water --
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์ˆ˜๋„์‹œ์„ค์ด ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
03:39
they bought it from a nearby tap owner --
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์ธ๊ทผ์— ์ˆ˜๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒํ•œํ…Œ์„œ ๋ฌผ์„ ์‚ฌ์„œ ์จ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:41
no toilet -- the families in this compound shared a single pit-latrine --
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ํ™”์žฅ์‹ค์ด ์—†์–ด์„œ, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ์ „๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๋‹จ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ž„์‹œ ํ™”์žฅ์‹ค์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:46
and no sewers or sanitation.
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ํ•˜์ˆ˜๋„๋‚˜ ์œ„์ƒ์„ค๋น„๋„ ์ „ํ˜€ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:48
They did have electricity,
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๋‹คํ–‰ํžˆ ์ „๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋“ค์–ด์˜ค๊ธด ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
03:50
but it was illegal service tapped from someone else's wires,
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๊ทธ๋งˆ์ €๋„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์ „๊ธฐํšŒ์„ ์— ๋ชฐ๋ž˜ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•ด์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:53
and could only power one feeble bulb.
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ํฌ๋ฏธํ•œ ์ „๊ตฌํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๊ฒจ์šฐ ๋ฐํž ์ •๋„์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:56
This was Southland, a small shanty community
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์ด๊ณณ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ '์‚ฌ์šฐ์Šค๋žœ๋“œ'๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š”
03:59
on the western side of Nairobi, Kenya.
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์ผ€๋ƒ ๋‚˜์ด๋กœ๋น„ ์„œ์ชฝ์˜ ์ž๊ทธ๋งˆํ•œ ํŒ์ž์ดŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:01
But it could've been anywhere in the city,
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๋„์‹œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณณ์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต๋„ ์ด์™€ ๋ณ„๋ฐ˜ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:04
because more than half the city of Nairobi lives like this.
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๋‚˜์ด๋กœ๋น„ ์ธ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜ ์ด์ƒ์ด ์ด๊ฐ™์€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:07
1.5 million people stuffed into mud or metal huts
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150๋งŒ๋ช…์ด๋‚˜ ๋˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ง„ํ™๊ณผ ์ฒ ๋กœ ์ง€์€ ํŒ์ž์ง‘์—์„œ
04:11
with no services, no toilets, no rights.
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๊ณต๊ณต์„œ๋น„์Šค๋Š” ๊ณ ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ , ํ™”์žฅ์‹ค๋„ ์—†์ด, ์•„๋ฌด๋Ÿฐ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋„ ๋ถ€์—ฌ๋ฐ›์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ์ฑ„ ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:14
"Armstrong explained the brutal reality of their situation:
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์•”์ŠคํŠธ๋กฑ์ด ์ด๊ฐ™์€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ ์ž”์ธํ•œ ์‹ค์ƒ์„ ์ „ํ•ด์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:18
they paid 1,500 shillings in rent, about 20 bucks a month,
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์ž„์ฐจ๋ฃŒ๋กœ ๋งค๋‹ฌ 1,500 ์‹ค๋ง์„ ๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 20 ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ •๋„ ๋˜์ฃ .
04:21
a relatively high price for a Kenyan shantytown,
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์ผ€๋ƒ ํŒ์ž์ดŒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๊ธฐ์—” ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋น„์‹ผ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:24
and they could not afford to be late with the money.
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์ž„์ฐจ๋ฃŒ๋Š” ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ๋ฏธ๋ฃฐ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:27
'In case you owe one month, the landlord will come with his henchmen
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'ํ•œ ๋‹ฌ์ด๋ผ๋„ ๋ฐ€๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด, ์ง‘์ฃผ์ธ์ด ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋“ค์„ ๋ฐ๋ ค์™€์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์„
04:29
and bundle you out. He will confiscate your things,' Armstrong said.
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๋‚ด์ซ“์•„๋ฒ„๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌผ๊ฑด๋“ค์€ ๋ง ํ•  ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์—†์ฃ .' ๋ผ๊ณ  ์•”์ŠคํŠธ๋กฑ์ด ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:33
'Not one month, one day,' his roommate Hilary Kibagendi Onsomu,
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'ํ•œ ๋‹ฌ์€ ๊ณ ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฃจ๋ผ๋„ ๋Šฆ์œผ๋ฉด ์•ˆ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
04:38
who was cooking ugali, the spongy white cornmeal concoction
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๋ผ๋ฉฐ ์šฐ๊ฐˆ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์žˆ๋˜ ํž๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ ํ‚ค๋ฐ”๊ฒ๋”” ์˜จ์†Œ๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ๋ผ์–ด๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:41
that is the staple food in the country, cut into the conversation.
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์šฐ๊ฐˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์˜ฅ์ˆ˜์ˆ˜๊ฐ€๋ฃจ๋ฅผ ์„ž์–ด ๋งŒ๋“  ํ•˜์–€ ์Šคํฐ์ง€ ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ƒ๊ธด ์Œ์‹์ธ๋ฐ ์ผ€๋ƒ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด๊ฑธ ์ฃผ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋จน์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:45
They called their landlord a Wabenzi, meaning that he is a person
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” ์ง‘์ฃผ์ธ์„ ์™€๋ฒค์ง€๋ผ๊ณ  ์นญํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ,
04:48
who has enough money to drive a Mercedes-Benz.
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๋ฉ”๋ฅด์„ธ๋ฐ์Šค ๋ฒค์ธ ๋ฅผ ๋ชฐ ์ •๋„์˜ ์žฌ๋ ฅ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋œปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:54
Hilary served the ugali with a fry of meat and tomatoes;
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ํž๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ๊ธฐ์™€ ํ† ๋งˆํ† ๋ฅผ ๊ณ๋“ค์ธ ์šฐ๊ฐˆ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:57
the sun slammed down on the thin steel roof;
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์–‡์€ ์–‘์ฒ ์ง€๋ถ• ์œ„๋กœ ๋œจ๊ฑฐ์šด ๋ณ•์ด ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ์ฌ๋Š” ํ†ต์—
05:00
and we perspired as we ate.
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์šฐ๊ฐˆ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋จน์œผ๋ฉด์„œ ๋•€์ด ๋งˆ๊ตฌ ํ˜๋ €์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:02
"After we finished, Armstrong straightened his tie,
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์‹์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋๋‚˜๊ณ , ์•”์ŠคํŠธ๋กฑ์€ ํƒ€์ด๋ฅผ ๊ณ ์ณ๋งค๊ณ ๋Š”,
05:05
put on a wool sports jacket, and we headed out into the glare.
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์šธ๋กœ ๋œ ์Šคํฌ์ธ ์žฌํ‚ท์„ ๊ฑธ์ณค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ˆˆ๋ถ€์‹  ํ–‡์‚ด์ด ๋น„์น˜๋Š” ๋ฐ–์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:09
Outside a mound of garbage formed the border
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๋ฐ–์—๋Š” ์‚ฌ์šฐ์Šค๋žœ๋“œ์™€ ์ธ์ ‘ํ•ด์žˆ๋Š” ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€๋œ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€์ธ ๋ž‘๊ฐ€ํƒ€
05:12
between Southland and the adjacent legal neighborhood of Langata.
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์™€ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃจ๋Š” ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ๋”๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:15
It was perhaps eight feet tall, 40 feet long, and 10 feet wide.
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๊ฑฐ์˜ 8ํ”ผํŠธ ๋†’์ด์— ๊ธธ์ด์™€ ํญ์ด ๊ฐ๊ฐ 40ํ”ผํŠธ, 10ํ”ผํŠธ๋‚˜ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:20
And it was set in a wider watery ooze.
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์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์Šค๋ฉฐ๋‚˜์˜จ ์ง€์ €๋ถ„ํ•œ ๋ฌผ์ด ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์— ๋„“๊ฒŒ ํผ์ ธ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:24
As we passed, two boys were climbing the mount Kenya of trash.
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๊ผฌ๋งˆ ๋‘˜์ด์„œ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด ์ผ€๋ƒ์˜ ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ์‚ฐ์„ ์˜ค๋ฅด๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:28
They couldn't have been more than five or six years old.
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๊ธฐ๊ปํ•ด์•ผ 5~6์‚ด ์ •๋„ ๋˜์–ด๋ณด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:30
They were barefoot, and with each step their toes sank into the muck
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์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŽ์€ ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ ์•„๋“œ๋Š” ๋ถ€ํŒจ๋œ ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ ๋”๋ฏธ๋ฅผ,
05:34
sending hundreds of flies scattering from the rancid pile.
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์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ ์˜ค๋ฌผ ๋ฉ์–ด๋ฆฌ์— ๋งจ๋ฐœ์„ ๋น ๋œจ๋ ค๊ฐ€๋ฉฐ ์œ„๋กœ ์˜ค๋ฅด๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:38
I thought they might be playing King of the Hill, but I was wrong.
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์ฒ˜์Œ์—๋Š” ๊ณจ๋ชฉ๋Œ€์žฅ๋†€์ด๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:42
Once atop the pile, one of the boys lowered his shorts,
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๊ผญ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์•„์ด ํ•œ ๋ช…์ด ๋ฐ”์ง€๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
05:46
squatted, and defecated.
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์šฉ๋ณ€์„ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:48
The flies buzzed hungrily around his legs.
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์•„์ด์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์— ๊ตถ์ฃผ๋ฆฐ ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์ด ๋‚ ์•„๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:52
When 20 families -- 100 people or so -- share a single latrine,
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100๋ช…์ด๋‚˜ ๋˜๋Š” 20๊ฐ€๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹จ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ž„์‹œํ™”์žฅ์‹ค์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ฒ˜์ง€๋‹ˆ
05:57
a boy pooping on a garbage pile is perhaps no big thing.
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์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ๋”๋ฏธ ์œ„์—์„œ ๋ณ€์„ ๋ณด๋Š” ์•„์ด์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์€ ๋ณ„๋กœ ์ด์ƒํ•œ ๊ด‘๊ฒฝ์ด ์•„๋‹์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ฃ .
06:01
But it stood in jarring contrast
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‹์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์•”์ŠคํŠธ๋กฑ์ด
06:03
to something Armstrong had said as we were eating --
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์ด ๊ณณ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ์„ ์ค‘์š”์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋ง๊ณผ๋Š”
06:06
that he treasured the quality of life in his neighborhood.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชจ์Šต์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:09
"For Armstrong, Southland wasn't constrained by its material conditions.
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์•”์ŠคํŠธ๋กฑ์—๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฐ์Šค๋žœ๋“œ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:14
Instead, the human spirit radiated out
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์ฒ ํŒ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€์–ด์ง„ ๋ฒฝ๊ณผ ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ ๋”๋ฏธ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ
06:17
from the metal walls and garbage heaps to offer something
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๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ท€ํ•œ ์ •์‹ ๊ณผ๋„ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ž์œ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:20
no legal neighborhood could: freedom.
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ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€๋œ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:23
'This place is very addictive,' he had said.
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์•”์ŠคํŠธ๋กฑ์€ '์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ •๋ง ์ค‘๋…์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”.'๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:26
'It's a simple life, but nobody is restricting you.
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'ํ‰๋ฒ”ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ์‚ถ์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ๊ทœ์ œํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.'
06:29
Nobody is controlling what you do.
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'์•„๋ฌด๋„ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•˜๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ฐ•์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”.'
06:32
Once you have stayed here, you cannot go back.'
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'์ผ๋‹จ ์ด ๊ณณ์— ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ๋“ค์–ด์˜ค๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด, ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ๋Œ์•„ ๋‚˜๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
06:36
He meant back beyond that mountain of trash,
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๋Œ์•„๊ฐ„๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ € ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ์‚ฐ ๋„ˆ๋จธ์— ์žˆ๋Š”
06:38
back in the legal city, of legal buildings,
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์ž„๋Œ€์ฐจ๊ณ„์•ฝ๊ณผ ๋ฒ•์ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜๋ฐ˜๋˜๋Š” ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€๋œ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ๋“ค๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„
06:41
with legal leases and legal rights.
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ํ•ฉ๋ฒ•์ ์ธ ๋„์‹œ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ„๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:44
'Once you have stayed here,' he said,
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์•”์ŠคํŠธ๋กฑ์ด ๋ง์„ ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:47
'you can stay for the rest of your life.'"
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'์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ์‚ด๊ฒŒ๋˜๋ฉด, ๋‚จ์€ ์—ฌ์ƒ์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.' (์ฑ… ๋‚ด์šฉ ๋)
06:51
So, he has hope, and this is where these communities start.
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์ž, ์•”์ŠคํŠธ๋กฑ์€ ํฌ๋ง์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌด๋‹จ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ์ง€์˜ ์‹œ์ž‘์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ํฌ๋ง์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:56
This is perhaps the most primitive shanty that you can find in Kibera,
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ๊ด‘๊ฒฝ์€ ํ‚ค๋ฒ ๋ผ์—์„œ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‚™ํ›„๋œ ํŒ์ž์ดŒ์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:01
little more than a stick-and-mud hut next to a garbage heap.
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์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ ๋”๋ฏธ ์˜†์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋ง‰๋Œ€์™€ ์ง„ํ™์œผ๋กœ ์ง€์–ด์ง„ ์˜ค๋‘๋ง‰์ด ์ „๋ถ€์ฃ .
07:06
This is getting ready for the monsoon in Bombay, India.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ชฌ์ˆœ์— ๋Œ€๋น„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ธ๋„ ๋ญ„๋ฐ”์ด์˜ ํŒ์ž์ดŒ ๋ชจ์Šต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:09
This is home improvement:
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๋งˆ์น˜ ์ฃผํƒ๊ฐœ๋Ÿ‰์„ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ข‹์•„์กŒ์ฃ ?
07:11
putting plastic tarps on your roof.
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ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ ๋ฐฉ์ˆ˜ํฌ๋กœ ์ง€๋ถ•์„ ๋ฎ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:15
This is in Rio de Janeiro, and it's getting a bit better, right?
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์ด ๊ณณ์€ ๋ฆฌ์šฐ ๋ฐ ์ž๋„ค์ด๋ฃจ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋–ป์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ๋ชจ์Šต์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
07:19
We're seeing scavenged terra cotta tile and little pieces of signs,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์ €๊ธฐ์„œ ๊ธ์–ด๋ชจ์€ ์ ๊ฐˆ์ƒ‰ ํƒ€์ผ๊ณผ ํ‘œ์ง€ํŒ์กฐ๊ฐ๋“ค์ด ๋ณด์ด๊ณ 
07:25
and plaster over the brick, some color,
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๋ฒฝ๋Œ์— ํšŒ๋ฒฝ์น , ํŽ˜์ธํŠธ์น ๋„ ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:28
and this is Sulay Montakaya's house in Sultanbelyi, and it's getting even better.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ˆ ํƒ„ ๋ฒ ์ผ๋ฆฌ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ˆ ๋ ˆ ๋ชฌํƒ€์นด์•ผ์˜ ์ง‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ๋ชจ์Šต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:33
He's got a fence; he scavenged a door;
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์šธํƒ€๋ฆฌ๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ , ์–ด๋””์„œ์ธ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜จ ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€๋Š” ๋ชฐ๋ผ๋„ ์ถœ์ž…๊ตฌ๋„ ๋‹ฌ๋ ค ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:35
he's got new tile on the roof.
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์ง€๋ถ•์€ ์ƒˆ ํƒ€์ผ๋กœ ํฌ์žฅ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:38
And then you get Rocinha
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ํ˜ธ์‹œ๋ƒ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋ณด๋ฉด
07:40
and you can see that it's getting even better.
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๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ฐœ์ „๋œ ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:44
The buildings here are multi-story.
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์ด ๊ณณ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑด๋ฌผ๋“ค์€ ๋‹ค์ธต๊ฑด๋ฌผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:46
They develop -- you can see on the far right
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๋งจ ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ์— ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ, ์ด ๊ณณ์—์„œ๋Š”
07:49
one where it seems to just stack on top of each other,
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๊ฑด๋ฌผ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ์ธต์ธต์ด ์Œ“์€ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‘์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:52
room, after room, after room.
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๋ฐฉ ์œ„์— ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ์ด ์žˆ๊ณ , ๊ทธ ์œ„์— ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
07:54
And what people do is they develop their home on one or two stories,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ๋Š” 1~2์ธต ์งœ๋ฆฌ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์„ ์ง€์–ด์„œ
07:58
and they sell their loggia or roof rights,
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๋กœ์ง€์•„*๋‚˜ ์ง€๋ถ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ํŒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (*๋กœ์ง€์•„: ํ•œ ์ชฝ๋ฉด์ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ๋œ ๋ณต๋„)
08:01
and someone else builds on top of their building,
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๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฐ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๊ทธ ์œ„์— ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์„ ์–น์–ด,
08:02
and then that person sells the roof rights,
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๊ทธ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ ์ง€๋ถ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ํŒ”๊ณ ,
08:04
and someone else builds on top of their building.
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๊ทธ ์ง€๋ถ•์„ ์‚ฐ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๊ทธ ์œ„์— ๋˜ ์ง‘์„ ์ง“์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:06
All of these buildings are made out of reinforced concrete and brick.
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์ด ๊ณณ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์€ ์ „๋ถ€ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์™€ ๋ฒฝ๋Œ๋กœ ์ง€์–ด์ง„ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:10
And then you get Sultanbelyi, in Turkey, where it's even built
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ํ„ฐํ‚ค ์ˆ ํƒ„๋ฒ ์ผ๋ฆฌ์— ๊ฐ€๋ณด๋ฉด
08:14
to a higher level of design.
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๊ฑด๋ฌผ๋“ค์˜ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋†’์•„์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:15
The crud in the front is mattress stuffing,
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์•ž์ชฝ์— ์ง€์ €๋ถ„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋„๋ ค์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์นจ๋Œ€ ๋งคํŠธ๋ฆฌ์Šค ์ถฉ์ง„์žฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:18
and you see that all over Turkey.
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ํ„ฐํ‚ค์—์„œ๋Š” ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ด‘๊ฒฝ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:20
People dry out or air out their mattress stuffing on their roofs.
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์ด ๊ณณ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋งคํŠธ๋ฆฌ์Šค ์ถฉ์ง„์žฌ๋ฅผ ์ง€๋ถ•์— ๋„์–ด์„œ ๋ง๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:24
But the green building, on behind,
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๊ทธ ๋’ค์— ๋…น์ƒ‰ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์„ ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด,
08:26
you can see that the top floor is not occupied,
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๋งจ ์œ—์ธต์ด ๋น„์–ด์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:28
so people are building with the possibility of expansion.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ฆ์ถ•์˜ ์—ฌ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋‚จ๊ฒจ๋‘” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
08:31
And it's built to a pretty high standard of design.
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๋ณด์‹œ๋“ฏ์ด ๊ณ„ํš์ด ์ž˜ ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:34
And then you finally get squatter homes like this,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฌด๋‹จ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ์ง€์˜ ์ฃผํƒ์€
08:36
which is built on the suburban model.
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๊ต์™ธ์ „์›์ฃผํƒ์œ ํ˜•์„ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:38
Hey, that's a single family home in the squatter community.
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์ž, ์ด๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋ฌด๋‹จ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ์ง€์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹จ๋ž€ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์ฃผํƒ์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:41
That's also in Istanbul, Turkey.
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์—ญ์‹œ ํ„ฐํ‚ค ์ด์Šคํƒ„๋ถˆ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:43
They're quite vital places, these communities.
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์ „๋ถ€ ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ํ™œ๋ ฅ์ด ๋„˜์น˜๋Š” ์žฅ์†Œ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ™œ๊ธฐ์ฐฌ ๊ณต๋™์ฒด์ฃ .
08:45
This is the main drag of Rocinha, the Estrada da Gavea,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” '์—์ŠคํŠธ๋ผ๋‹ค ๋‹ค ๊ฐ€๋น„์•„'๋ผ๋Š” ํ˜ธ์”จ๋ƒ์˜ ๋ฒˆํ™”๊ฐ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:49
and there's a bus route that runs through it,
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๋ฒ„์Šค๋…ธ์„ ์ด ์ง€๋‚˜๊ณ 
08:51
lots of people out on the street.
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๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋“ ์ฐจ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:53
These communities in these cities are actually more vital
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์ด๋“ค ๋„์‹œ ์† ๊ณต๋™์ฒด๋“ค์€ ๋ฌดํ—ˆ๊ฐ€ ๊ณต๋™์ฒด๋ณด๋‹ค
08:56
than the illegal communities.
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ํ›จ์”ฌ ์ƒ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋„˜์น˜๋Š” ๊ณณ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:58
They have more things going on in them.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ–‰์œ„๋“ค์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์ฃ .
09:01
This is a typical pathway in Rocinha called a "beco" --
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ '๋ฒ ์ฝ”'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ˜ธ์”จ๋ƒ์˜ ์ „ํ˜•์ ์ธ ๊ณจ๋ชฉ๊ธธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:04
these are how you get around the community.
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ํ˜ธ์”จ๋ƒ ๋‚ด๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ์ฃผ์š”์ด๋™๊ฒฝ๋กœ์ด์ฃ .
09:06
It's on very steep ground.
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๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ€ํŒŒ๋ฅธ ๊ฒฝ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ธธ์ด ๋‚˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
09:08
They're built on the hills, inland from the beaches in Rio,
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๋ฆฌ์šฐ ํ•ด๋ณ€์—์„œ ๋–จ์–ด์ง„ ๋‚ด๋ฅ™์˜ ๊ฒฝ์‚ฌ์ง€์— ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:11
and you can see that the houses are just cantilevered over the natural obstructions.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด ์ง€ํ˜•์ƒ ๋ฐฉํ•ด๋ฌผ ์œ„๋กœ ์ฃผํƒ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋‚˜๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ ?
09:15
So, that's just a rock in the hillside.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ๋ฐฉํ•ด๋ฌผ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์–ธ๋• ์–ด๋””์„œ๋“  ๋‚˜์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐ”์œ„ ๋ฉ์–ด๋ฆฌ์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:17
And these becos are normally very crowded,
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'๋ฒ ์ฝ”'๋Š” ๋Š˜ ๋ถ๋น•๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:21
and people hump furniture up them, or refrigerators up them,
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๊ฐ€๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€์ „์ œํ’ˆ์€ ๋ฌผ๋ก ์ด๊ณ 
09:24
all sorts of things.
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์˜จ๊ฐ– ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์ด '๋ฒ ์ฝ”'๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ด๋™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:26
Beer is all carried in on your shoulders.
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๋งฅ์ฃผ๋„ ์–ด๊นจ์— ์ง€๊ณ  ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ์•ผ ํ•˜์ฃ .
09:28
Beer is a very important thing in Brazil.
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๋ธŒ๋ผ์งˆ์—์„œ ๋งฅ์ฃผ๋Š” ์ •๋ง ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:31
This is commerce in Kenya, right along the train tracks,
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ฒ ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ์ผ€๋ƒ์˜ ํ•œ ์‹œ์žฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:36
so close to the train tracks that the merchants
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์ฒ ๋กœ์— ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ด ๋‹ฟ์•„ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ,
09:38
sometimes have to pull the merchandise out of the way.
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๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ๋ฌผ๊ฑด๋“ค์„ ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋„ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:41
This is a marketplace, also in Kenya, Toi Market,
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์ด ๊ณณ์€ ํˆฌ์ด์‹œ์žฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ญ์‹œ ์ผ€๋ƒ์— ์žˆ์ฃ .
09:44
lots of dealers, in almost everything you want to buy.
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์ฐพ๋Š” ๋ฌผ๊ฑด ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ชจ๋‘๋ฅผ ์ทจ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒ์ธ๋“ค์ด ์ •๋ง ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:48
Those green things in the foreground are mangoes.
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์•ž์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ดˆ๋ก์ƒ‰ ๊ณผ์ผ์€ ๋ง๊ณ ์ฃ .
09:51
This is a shopping street in Kibera,
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ํ‚ค๋ฒ ๋ผ์˜ ์‡ผํ•‘๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด,
09:53
and you can see that there's a soda dealer, a health clinic,
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์Œ๋ฃŒ์ˆ˜์žฅ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ , ์ง„๋ฃŒ์†Œ๋„ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:58
two beauty salons, a bar, two grocery stores, and a church, and more.
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๋ฐ”๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ , ๋ฏธ์šฉ์‹ค, ์‹๋ฃŒํ’ˆ์ ์€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๋‘ ๊ณณ, ๊ตํšŒ๋ฅผ ๋น„๋กฏํ•ด์„œ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:03
It's a typical downtown street; it just happens to be self-built.
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์–ด๋””์„œ๋“  ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ „ํ˜•์ ์ธ ๋ฒˆํ™”๊ฐ€์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์ด์ฃ . ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ์ž์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:08
This here, on the right-hand side,
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์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„ ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ
10:11
is what's called a -- if you look at the fine print under the awning --
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์ฒœ๋ง‰ ์•„๋ž˜์—
10:14
it's a hotel.
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ํ˜ธํ…”์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์“ฐ์—ฌ์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:16
And what hotel means, in Kenya and India, is an eating-place.
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์ผ€๋ƒ, ์ธ๋„์—์„œ ํ˜ธํ…”์€ ์ˆ™๋ฐ•ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณณ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ,
10:22
So, that's a restaurant.
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์Œ์‹์„ ๋จน๋Š” ์žฅ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋œปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์‹๋‹น์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
10:24
People steal electrical power -- this is Rio.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ „๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ›”์ณ ์”๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ณณ์€ ๋ฆฌ์šฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:26
People tap in and they have thieves who are called "grillos" or "crickets,"
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๋ชฐ๋ž˜ ์ „์‹ ์ฃผ์—์„œ ์„ ์„ ๋Œ์–ด์˜ค์ฃ .
10:33
and they steal the electrical power
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ „๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ›”์ณ์˜ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„
10:35
and wire the neighborhood.
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๊ท€๋šœ๋ผ๋ฏธ๋ผ๋Š” ๋œป์˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์š”์Šค๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:37
People burn trash to get rid of the garbage,
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์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์†Œ๊ฐํ•ด์„œ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:40
and they dig their own sewer channels.
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์ง์ ‘ ํ•˜์ˆ˜๊ด€์„ ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์ฃ .
10:44
Talk about more plastic bags than plankton.
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๊ทธ ๊ณณ์„ ๋“ค์—ฌ๋‹ค๋ณด๋ฉด ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋“์ฐจ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:47
And sometimes they have natural trash-disposal.
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์ด๋”ฐ๊ธˆ์”ฉ ๋ผ์ง€๋‚˜ ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋จน์–ด์น˜์šฐ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ์ข…์˜ ์ž์—ฐ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋ฒ•์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:51
And when they have more money they cement their streets,
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๋น„์šฉ์ด ๋งˆ๋ จ๋˜๋ฉด, ๋„๋กœ๋ฅผ ํฌ์žฅํ•˜๊ณ ,
10:54
and they put in sewers and good water pipes, and stuff like that.
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์ƒํ•˜์ˆ˜๋„๊ด€์„ ์ •๋น„ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:58
This is water going to Rio. People run their water pipes all over the place,
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฆฌ์šฐ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋„์‹œ์„ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜๋„๊ด€์ด ์‚ฌ๋ฐฉ์œผ๋กœ ์–ฝํ˜€์žˆ์ฃ .
11:04
and that little hut right there has a pump in it, and that's what people do:
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์‚ฌ์ง„์— ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ์ง‘ ์•ˆ์—๋Š” ํŽŒํ”„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๋ฌผ์„ ๋Œ์–ด์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋“ค ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:07
they steal electricity; they install a pump
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์ „๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ›”์ณ์“ฐ๋“ฏ ๋ฌผ์„ ๋Œ์–ด์˜ค๋ ค๊ณ  ํŽŒํ”„๋ฅผ ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:09
and they tap into the water main, and pump water up to their houses.
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์ˆ˜๋„๊ด€์— ๋ชฐ๋ž˜ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•ด์„œ ์ง‘๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ฌผ์„ ๋Œ์–ด์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:13
So, the question is how do you go from the mud-hut village,
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์ด์ฏค์—์„œ ์˜๋ฌธ์ด ์ƒ๊ธธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง„ํ™์œผ๋กœ ์ง€์€ ๋งˆ์„์—์„œ ์ถœ๋ฐœํ•ด์„œ
11:19
to the more developed city, to the even highly developed Sultanbelyi?
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๋” ๋‚˜์€ ๋„์‹œ์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต, ๊ณ ๋„๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ „๋œ ์ˆ ํƒ„๋ฒ ์ผ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ชจ์Šต์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€์ฒด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
11:24
I say there are two things.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:26
One is people need a guarantee they won't be evicted.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ•์ œํ‡ด๊ฑฐ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•  ์žฅ์น˜๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:28
That does not necessarily mean property rights,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ์žฌ์‚ฐ๊ถŒ์ผ ํ•„์š”๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:30
and I would disagree with Hernando de Soto on that question,
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์—๋ฅด๋‚œ๋„ ๋“œ ์†Œํ† ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์ œ๋„ํ™”๋œ ์žฌ์‚ฐ๊ถŒ์€ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:34
because property rights create a lot of complications.
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์žฌ์‚ฐ๊ถŒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ์›์ธ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:36
They're most often sold to people, and people then wind up in debt
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์žฌ์‚ฐ๊ถŒ์„ ๋„˜๊ธฐ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด, ๋นš์„ ์ง€๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ƒ๊ธฐ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ฃ .
11:40
and have to pay back the debt,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๋นš์€ ์ฒญ์‚ฐํ•ด์•ผํ•  ์˜๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ ,
11:42
and sometimes have to sell their property
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๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ๋นš์„ ๊ฐš๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
11:44
in order to pay back the debt.
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๊ทธ ์žฌ์‚ฐ์„ ํŒ”์•„์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:46
There's a whole variety of other reasons why property rights
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์žฌ์‚ฐ๊ถŒ์ด ํšจ๋ ฅ์„ ์ƒ์‹คํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ์—๋Š”
11:48
sometimes don't work in these cases,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:50
but they do need security of tenure.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ์˜ ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์ด์ฃ .
11:52
And they need access to politics, and that can mean two things.
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ์ •์น˜์ฐธ์—ฌ์˜ ํ†ต๋กœ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ฃ . ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:56
That can mean community organizing from below,
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ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์•„๋ž˜๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์กฐ์ง๋˜๋Š” ๊ณต๋™์ฒด์ด๊ณ ,
12:00
but it can also mean possibilities from above.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์œ„๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ์˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:03
And I say that because the system in Turkey is notable.
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ํ„ฐํ‚ค์˜ ๋…ํŠนํ•œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—์„œ ๊ทธ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:08
Turkey has two great laws that protect squatters.
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ํ„ฐํ‚ค์—๋Š” ๋ฌด๋‹จ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ์ž๋ฅผ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฒ•์ด ์กด์žฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:10
One is that -- it's called "gecekondu" in Turkish,
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ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ํ„ฐํ‚ค์–ด๋กœ '๊ฒŒ์ œ์ฝ˜๋‘'๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ธ๋ฐ,
12:13
which means "built overnight," and if you build your house overnight
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๋ฌธ์ž๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ํ•ด์„ํ•˜๋ฉด 'ํ•˜๋ฃป๋ฐค ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์ง“๋Š”๋‹ค.'๋ผ๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ„ฐํ‚ค์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•˜๋ฃป๋ฐค ์‚ฌ์ด
12:17
in Turkey, you can't be evicted without due process of law,
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์ผ๋‹จ ์ง‘์„ ์ง“๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด 'ํ‚ค๋ฒ ๋ผ'์—์„œ ๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ ์ธ ๊ฐ•์ œํ‡ด๊ฑฐ๋Š” ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ์ ๋ฒ•ํ•œ ์ ˆ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์ณ์•ผ ํ•˜์ฃ .
12:21
if they don't catch you during the night.
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๊ทธ ํ•˜๋ฃป๋ฐค ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์ ๋ฐœ๋˜์ง€๋งŒ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:24
And the second aspect is that once you have 2,000 people
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ํ•œ ๊ณต๋™์ฒด์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›์ด 2,000๋ช…์ด ๋˜๋ฉด,
12:28
in the community, you can petition the government
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์ •๋ถ€์— ํ•ฉ๋ฒ•์  ๋„์‹œ๊ตฌ์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์ •ํ•ด ์ค„ ๊ฒƒ์„
12:30
to be recognized as a legal sub-municipality.
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์ฒญ์›ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋ณด์žฅํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š” ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:34
And when you're a legal sub-municipality, you suddenly have politics.
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ํ•ฉ๋ฒ•์  ๋„์‹œ๊ตฌ์—ญ์ด ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ–‰์ •์˜ ์‹œ์ž‘์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜์ฃ .
12:37
You're allowed to have an elected government, collect taxes,
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์ •๋ถ€๋ผ๋Š” ์กฐ์ง์„ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ , ์„ธ๊ธˆ์„ ์ง•์ˆ˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ,
12:39
provide municipal services, and that's exactly what they do.
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๊ณต๊ณต์„œ๋น„์Šค๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ค„์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ํ–‰์ •์ด์ฃ .
12:43
So, these are the civic leaders of the future.
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์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„ ์†์— ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ์ด๋“ค์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ์‹œ๋ฏผ ์ง€๋„์ž๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:47
The woman in the center is Geeta Jiwa.
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๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ์„œ์žˆ๋Š” ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋ถ„์€ ๊ธฐํƒ€ ์ง€์™€ ์”จ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:48
She lives in one of those tents on the highway median in Mumbai.
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๋ญ„๋ฐ”์ด์˜ ๋„๋กœ์ค‘์•™๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋Œ€์— ํ…ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์น˜๊ณ  ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:54
That's Sureka Gundi; she also lives with her family
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์Šˆ๋ ˆ์นด ๊ตฐ๋”” ์”จ ์—ญ์‹œ ๊ฐ€์กฑ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜
12:56
on the tent along the same highway median.
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๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณณ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ํ…ํŠธ์— ์‚ด์ฃ .
12:58
They're very outspoken. They're very active.
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์ •๋ง ๊ฑฐ์นจ์—†์ด ์†”์งํ•˜๊ณ  ํ™œ๋ ฅ์ด ๋„˜์น˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:00
They can be community leaders.
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๊ณต๋™์ฒด ์ง€๋„์ž๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:03
This woman is Nine, which means "grandma" in Turkish.
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๋‹ˆ๋„ค๋ผ๋Š” ๋ถ„์ธ๋ฐ์š”, ํ„ฐํ‚ค๋ง๋กœ๋Š” ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋ฅผ ๋œปํ•˜์ฃ .
13:06
And there were three old ladies who lived in --
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์ € ๊ณณ์—๋Š” ๋…ธ์ธ์—ฌ์„ฑ ์„ธ ๋ถ„์ด ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
13:08
that's her self-built house behind her -- and they've lived there for 30 or 40 years,
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๋’ค๋กœ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ์ง‘์€ ์ด๋ถ„์ด ์ง์ ‘ ์ง€์€ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๊ธฐ์—์„œ 30๋…„, 40๋…„์„ ์‚ด์•˜์ฃ .
13:13
and they are the backbone of the community there.
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์ €๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ์ด ๊ณต๋™์ฒด์˜ ๊ทผ๊ฐ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:16
This is Richard Muthama Peter,
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์ด ๋ถ„์€ ๋ฆฌ์ฐจ๋“œ ๋ฌดํƒ€๋งˆ ํ”ผํ„ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:18
and he is an itinerant street photographer in Kibera.
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ํ‚ค๋ฒ ๋ผ์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌ์ง„์‚ฌ์ธ๋ฐ,
13:21
He makes money taking pictures of the neighborhood,
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ํ‚ค๋ฒ ๋ผ์˜ ์ƒํ™œ์ƒ๊ณผ ๊ทธ ์•ˆ์— ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์„
13:24
and the people in the neighborhood,
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์‚ฌ์ง„์œผ๋กœ ์ฐ์–ด ์ƒ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ด์–ด๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:26
and is a great resource in the community.
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์ด ๊ณต๋™์ฒด์˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ž์›์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:28
And finally my choice to run for mayor of Rio is Cezinio,
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๋์œผ๋กœ, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฆฌ์˜ค ์‹œ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฝ‘๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ์Ž„์ง€๋‡จ๋ผ๋Š” ๋ถ„์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ด๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ฃ .
13:32
the fruit merchant with his two kids here,
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๋‘ ์•„์ด์˜ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€์ด์ž ๊ณผ์ผ์žฅ์ˆ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:34
and a more honest and giving and caring man I don't know.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ž˜ ์•Œ์ง€๋Š” ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋งŒ, ์ •๋ง ์ •์งํ•˜๊ณ , ์–‘๋ณด์‹ฌ ๋งŽ์€ ๋”ฐ๋œปํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:39
The future of these communities is in the people
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์ด๋“ค ๊ณต๋™์ฒด์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ ์•ˆ์— ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:41
and in our ability to work with those people.
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๋˜ํ•œ ์ด๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ณต์กดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์— ๋‹ฌ๋ ค์žˆ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:45
So, I think the message I take, from what I read from the book,
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์•ž์„œ ์ฝ์–ด๋“œ๋ฆฐ ์ œ ์ฑ…์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด๋‚˜, ์•”์ŠคํŠธ๋กฑ์ด ์ „ํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š” ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋‚˜,
13:49
from what Armstrong said, and from all these people,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ก€ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๊ณตํ†ต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋Š”
13:51
is that these are neighborhoods.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด๋“ค ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๊ณต๋™์ฒด๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:53
The issue is not urban poverty.
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์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ ์€ ๋„์‹œ๋นˆ๊ณค ๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด๋„ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ ,
13:55
The issue is not the larger, over-arching thing.
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์•„์ฃผ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ทธ ๋ฌด์—‡๋„ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ฃ .
13:58
The issue is for us to recognize that these are neighborhoods --
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์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋ฌด๋‹จ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ์ง€์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๊ณต๋™์ฒด๋กœ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๋Š๋ƒ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:01
this is a legitimate form of urban development --
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋„์‹œ๋ฐœ์ „์˜ ํ•œ ์œ ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๊ณ ,
14:04
and that cities have to engage these residents,
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๋„์‹œ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:07
because they are building the cities of the future.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ๋„์‹œ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:10
Thank you very much.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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