How to have better political conversations | Robb Willer

251,207 views ใƒป 2017-02-09

TED


ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุฃุฏู†ุงู‡ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ.

00:00
Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Joanna Pietrulewicz
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ุงู„ู…ุชุฑุฌู…: Mo'az Galbat ุงู„ู…ุฏู‚ู‘ู‚: Lollia Shaban
00:12
So you probably have the sense, as most people do,
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ุฑุจู…ุง ู„ุฏูŠูƒู… ุงู„ุดุนูˆุฑุŒ ูƒูŽู…ูุนุธูŽู… ุงู„ู†ุงุณุŒ
00:15
that polarization is getting worse in our country,
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ุจุฃู† ุงู„ู‚ุทุจูŠุฉ ุชุฒุฏุงุฏ ุณูˆุกู‹ุง ููŠ ุจู„ุงุฏู†ุงุŒ
00:19
that the divide between the left and the right
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ุจุฃู† ุงู„ุงู†ู‚ุณุงู… ุจูŠู† ุงู„ูŠุณุงุฑ ูˆุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู†
00:22
is as bad as it's been in really any of our lifetimes.
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ุฃุณูˆุฃ ู…ู…ุง ูƒุงู† ุนู„ูŠู‡ ููŠ ุฃูŠ ูุชุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุญูŠุงุชู†ุง
00:26
But you might also reasonably wonder if research backs up your intuition.
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ู„ูƒู†ูƒู… ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ู‚ุฏ ุชุชุณุงุกู„ูˆู† ุจุนู‚ู„ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฅู† ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ุจุญูˆุซ ุชุฏุนู… ุญุฏุณูƒู…
00:32
And in a nutshell, the answer is sadly yes.
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ูˆุจุงุฎุชุตุงุฑุŒ ุงู„ุฌูˆุงุจ ู„ู„ุฃุณู ู‡ูˆ ู†ุนู….
00:38
In study after study, we find
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ุจูุฏุฑุงุณูŽุฉ ุชู„ูˆ ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰ุŒ ู†ุฌุฏ
00:40
that liberals and conservatives have grown further apart.
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ุฃู† ุงู„ู„ูŠุจุฑุงู„ูŠูŠู† ูˆุงู„ู…ุญุงูุธูŠู† ุฃุตุจุญูˆุง ุฃูƒุซุฑ ููุฑู‚ูŽุฉ.
00:45
They increasingly wall themselves off in these ideological silos,
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ุฅู†ู‡ู… ูŠุนุฒู„ูˆู† ุฃู†ูุณู‡ู… ุจุดูƒู„ู ู…ุชุฒุงูŠุฏ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุตูˆุงู…ุน ุงู„ุฅูŠุฏูŠูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุฉุŒ
00:50
consuming different news, talking only to like-minded others
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ูŠุนุงู„ุฌูˆู† ุฃุฎุจุงุฑ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉุŒ ูŠุชุญุฏุซูˆู† ูู‚ุท ู„ู„ู…ุดุงุจู‡ูŠู† ู„ู‡ู… ููƒุฑูŠู‹ุง
00:54
and more and more choosing to live in different parts of the country.
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ูˆุฃูƒุซุฑ ูุฃูƒุซุฑุŒ ูŠุฎุชุงุฑูˆู† ุงู„ุนูŠุด ููŠ ุฃุฌุฒุงุก ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ุฉ.
00:58
And I think that most alarming of all of it
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ูˆุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู†ู‡ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ุง ูŠุซูŠุฑ ุงู„ู‚ู„ู‚ ููŠ ุฐู„ูƒ
01:01
is seeing this rising animosity on both sides.
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ู‡ูˆ ุฑุคูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุนุฏุงุก ุงู„ู…ุชุตุงุนุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ุง ุงู„ุฌุงู†ุจูŠู†.
01:06
Liberals and conservatives,
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ู„ูŠุจุฑุงู„ูŠูˆู† ูˆู…ุญุงูุธูˆู†ุŒ
01:07
Democrats and Republicans,
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ุฏูŠู…ูˆู‚ุฑุงุทูŠูˆู† ูˆุฌู…ู‡ูˆุฑูŠูˆู†ุŒ
01:09
more and more they just don't like one another.
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ูˆุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ูˆุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏุŒ ุฅู†ู‡ู… ูู‚ุท ู„ุง ูŠุญุจูˆู† ุจุนุถู‡ู… ุงู„ุจุนุถ.
01:14
You see it in many different ways.
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ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒู… ุฑุคูŠุฉ ุฐู„ูƒ ุจุนุฏุฉ ุทุฑู‚ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ.
01:16
They don't want to befriend one another. They don't want to date one another.
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ุฅู†ู‡ู… ู„ุง ูŠุฑูŠุฏูˆู† ู…ุตุฏุงู‚ุฉ ุจุนุถู‡ู… ุงู„ุจุนุถ. ู„ุง ูŠุฑูŠุฏูˆู† ู…ูˆุงุนุฏุฉ ุจุนุถู‡ู… ุงู„ุจุนุถ.
01:19
If they do, if they find out, they find each other less attractive,
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ู„ูˆ ูุนู„ูˆุงุŒ ูˆุงูƒุชุดููˆุง ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑุŒ ูŠุฌุฏูˆู† ุจุนุถู‡ู… ุฃู‚ู„ ุฌุงุฐุจูŠุฉ.
01:23
and they more and more don't want their children to marry someone
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ูˆุฃูƒุซุฑ ูุฃูƒุซุฑุŒ ูู‡ู… ู„ุง ูŠุฑูŠุฏูˆู† ุฃู† ูŠุชุฒูˆุฌ ุฃูˆู„ุงุฏู‡ู…
01:26
who supports the other party,
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ุจู…ู† ูŠุณุงู†ุฏ ุงู„ุญุฒุจ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑุŒ
01:28
a particularly shocking statistic.
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ุฅุญุตุงุฆูŠุฉ ุตุงุฏู…ุฉ ูุนู„ู‹ุง.
01:31
You know, in my lab, the students that I work with,
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ุชุนู„ู…ูˆู†ุŒ ููŠ ู…ุฎุชุจุฑูŠุŒ ุงู„ุทู„ุงุจ ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ุฃุนู…ู„ ู…ุนู‡ู…ุŒ
01:34
we're talking about some sort of social pattern --
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ู†ุชุญุฏุซ ุนู† ุจุนุถ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ุฃู†ู…ุงุท ุงู„ุฅุฌุชู…ุงุนูŠุฉ --
01:37
I'm a movie buff, and so I'm often like,
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ุฃู†ุง ู…ูˆู„ุนูŒ ุจุงู„ุฃูู„ุงู…ุŒ ูˆู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุบุงู„ุจู‹ุง ู…ุง ุฃู‚ูˆู„ุŒ
01:41
what kind of movie are we in here with this pattern?
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ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ู†ูˆุนูŠุฉ ุงู„ููŠู„ู… ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู†ุญู† ููŠู‡ ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ู…ุทุŸ
01:44
So what kind of movie are we in with political polarization?
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ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ู†ูˆุนูŠุฉ ุงู„ููŠู„ู… ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู†ุญู† ููŠู‡ ุจู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู‚ุทุจูŠุฉ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุณูŠุฉุŸ
01:48
Well, it could be a disaster movie.
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ุญุณู†ู‹ุงุŒ ู‚ุฏ ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู„ู…ุงู‹ ูƒุงุฑุซูŠุงู‹.
01:52
It certainly seems like a disaster.
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ุฅู†ู‡ ูŠุจุฏูˆ ูƒูƒุงุฑุซุฉ ุญู‚ู‹ุง.
01:54
Could be a war movie.
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ู‚ุฏ ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู„ู…ุงู‹ ุญุฑุจูŠุงู‹.
01:57
Also fits.
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ู…ู„ุงุฆู… ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง.
01:59
But what I keep thinking is that we're in a zombie apocalypse movie.
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ู„ูƒู† ู…ุง ุฃูˆุงุตู„ ุงู„ุชููƒูŠุฑ ุจู‡ ุฃู†ู†ุง ููŠ ููŠู„ู… "ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุนุงู„ู… ุงู„ุฒูˆู…ุจูŠ".
02:03
(Laughter)
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(ุถุญูƒ)
02:04
Right? You know the kind.
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ุตุญูŠุญุŸ ุชุนุฑููˆู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุน.
02:06
There's people wandering around in packs,
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ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฃุดุฎุงุต ูŠุชุฌูˆู„ูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ุฃู†ุญุงุก ููŠ ุฌู…ุงุนุงุชุŒ
02:09
not thinking for themselves,
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ู„ุง ูŠููƒุฑูˆู† ุจุฃู†ูุณู‡ู…ุŒ
02:11
seized by this mob mentality
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ุงุณุชูˆู„ุช ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ุนู‚ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุบูˆุบุงุก
02:12
trying to spread their disease and destroy society.
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ูŠุญุงูˆู„ูˆู† ู†ุดุฑ ุฃู…ุฑุงุถู‡ู… ูˆุชุฏู…ูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุน.
02:17
And you probably think, as I do,
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ูˆุบุงู„ุจู‹ุง ุฃู†ูƒ ุชุธู†ุŒ ูƒู…ุง ุฃู†ุง ุฃุธู†ุŒ
02:19
that you're the good guy in the zombie apocalypse movie,
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ุฃู†ูƒ ุงู„ุดุฎุต ุงู„ุฌูŠุฏ ููŠ ููŠู„ู… ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุนุงู„ู… ุงู„ุฒูˆู…ุจูŠุŒ
02:23
and all this hate and polarization, it's being propagated by the other people,
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ูˆุฃู† ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒุฑู‡ ูˆุงู„ุชุจุงุนุฏุŒ ูŠุฌุฑูŠ ู†ุดุฑู‡ ู…ู† ู‚ูุจูŽู„ ุฃุดุฎุงุต ุขุฎุฑูŠู†ุŒ
02:26
because we're Brad Pitt, right?
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ู„ุฃู†ู†ุง ุจุฑุงุฏ ุจูŠุชุŒ ุฃู„ูŠุณ ูƒุฐู„ูƒุŸ
02:29
Free-thinking, righteous,
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ู…ููƒุฑูˆู† ุฃุญุฑุงุฑุŒ ุตุงู„ุญูˆู†ุŒ
02:32
just trying to hold on to what we hold dear,
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ู†ุญุงูˆู„ ูู‚ุท ุงู„ุชู…ุณูƒ ุจู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุนุฒูŠุฒ ุนู„ูŠู†ุงุŒ
02:34
you know, not foot soldiers in the army of the undead.
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ูƒู…ุง ุชุนู„ู…ูˆู†ุŒ ู„ุณู†ุง ุฌู†ูˆุฏ ู…ุดุงุฉ ููŠ ุฌูŠุด ุงู„ู…ูˆุชู‰ ุงู„ุฃุญูŠุงุก.
02:38
Not that.
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ู„ูŠุณ ู‡ุฐุง.
02:39
Never that.
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ุฃุจุฏู‹ุง.
02:41
But here's the thing:
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ:
02:43
what movie do you suppose they think they're in?
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ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ููŠู„ู… ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุชุธู†ูˆู† ุฃู†ู‡ู… ูŠุนุชู‚ุฏูˆู† ุฃู†ูุณู‡ู… ููŠู‡ุŸ
02:47
Right?
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ุฃู„ูŠุณ ูƒุฐู„ูƒุŸ
02:48
Well, they absolutely think that they're the good guys
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ุญุณู†ู‹ุงุŒ ุฃู†ู‡ู… ุจู„ุง ุดูƒ ูŠุนุชู‚ุฏูˆู† ุฃู†ู‡ู… ู‡ู… ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุงุฑ
02:51
in the zombie apocalypse movie. Right?
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ููŠ ููŠู„ู… ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุนุงู„ู… ุงู„ุฒูˆู…ุจูŠ. ุตุญูŠุญุŸ
02:52
And you'd better believe that they think that they're Brad Pitt
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ูˆู…ู† ุงู„ุฃูุถู„ ู„ูƒ ุฃู† ุชุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู†ู‡ู… ูŠุญุณุจูˆู† ุฃู†ูุณู‡ู… ุจุฑุงุฏ ุจูŠุช
02:55
and that we, we are the zombies.
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ูˆุฃู†ู†ุงุŒ ู†ุญู† ุงู„ุฒูˆู…ุจูŠ.
03:00
And who's to say that they're wrong?
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ูˆู…ู† ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุฃู†ู‡ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุฎุทุฃุŸ
03:04
I think that the truth is that we're all a part of this.
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ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู† ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุฃู†ู†ุง ุฌู…ูŠุนู‹ุง ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง.
03:08
And the good side of that is that we can be a part of the solution.
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ูˆุงู„ุดูŠุก ุงู„ุฌูŠุฏ ููŠ ุฐู„ูƒ ุฃู†ู†ุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ู†ูƒูˆู† ุฌุฒุกู‹ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุญู„.
03:12
So what are we going to do?
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ุฅุฐู† ู…ุงุฐุง ุณู†ูุนู„ุŸ
03:15
What can we do to chip away at polarization in everyday life?
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ู…ุง ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ูุนู„ู‡ ู„ุชู‚ู„ูŠุต ุงู„ุชุจุงุนุฏ ููŠ ุญูŠุงุชู†ุง ุงู„ูŠูˆู…ูŠุฉุŸ
03:19
What could we do to connect with and communicate with
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ู…ุงุฐุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ู†ูุนู„ู‡ ู„ู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ูˆุงู„ุชูˆุงุตู„ ู…ุน
03:23
our political counterparts?
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ู†ุธุฑุงุฆู†ุง ุงู„ุณูŠุงุณูŠูŠู†ุŸ
03:25
Well, these were exactly the questions that I and my colleague, Matt Feinberg,
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ุญุณู†ู‹ุงุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒุงู†ุช ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุฃุตุจุญู†ุง ุฃู†ุง ูˆุฒู…ูŠู„ูŠุŒ ู…ุงุช ููŠู†ุจูŠุฑุบุŒ
03:29
became fascinated with a few years ago,
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ู…ูˆู„ุนูŠู† ุจู‡ุง ู…ู†ุฐ ุจุถุน ุณู†ูˆุงุชุŒ
03:31
and we started doing research on this topic.
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ูˆุจุฏุฃู†ุง ุจุฅุฌุฑุงุก ุจุญุซ ุญูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน.
03:34
And one of the first things that we discovered
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ูˆู…ู† ุฃูˆู„ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุงู„ุชูŠ ุงูƒุชุดูู†ุงู‡ุงุŒ
03:37
that I think is really helpful for understanding polarization
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ุฃู†ู†ูŠ ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ููŠุฏ ุญู‚ู‹ุง ููŠ ูู‡ู… ุงู„ู‚ุทุจูŠุฉ
03:41
is to understand
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ู‡ูˆ ูู‡ู…
03:42
that the political divide in our country is undergirded by a deeper moral divide.
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ุฃู†ู‘ ุงู„ุงู†ู‚ุณุงู… ุงู„ุณูŠุงุณูŠ ููŠ ุจู„ุฏู†ุง ู…ุฏุนูˆู… ุจุงู†ู‚ุณุงู…ู ุฃุฎู„ุงู‚ูŠู ุฃุนู…ู‚.
03:46
So one of the most robust findings in the history of political psychology
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ูˆู„ุฐู„ูƒ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ู† ุฃู‚ูˆู‰ ุงู„ู†ุชุงุฆุฌ ููŠ ุชุงุฑูŠุฎ ุนู„ู… ุงู„ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุณูŠ
03:51
is this pattern identified by Jon Haidt and Jesse Graham,
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ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุญูุฏุฏ ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุฌูˆู† ู‡ุงูŠุช ูˆุฌูŠุณูŠ ุบุฑุงู‡ุงู…ุŒ
03:55
psychologists,
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ุนู„ู…ุงุก ู†ูุณูŠูˆู†ุŒ
03:56
that liberals and conservatives tend to endorse different values
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ุฃู†ู‘ ุงู„ู„ูŠุจุฑุงู„ูŠูŠู† ูˆุงู„ู…ุญุงูุธูŠู† ูŠู…ูŠู„ูˆู† ู„ุชุฃูŠูŠุฏ ู‚ูŠู… ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ
04:00
to different degrees.
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ุจุฏุฑุฌุงุช ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ.
04:02
So for example, we find that liberals tend to endorse values like equality
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ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ุŒ ู†ุฌุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠุจุฑุงู„ูŠูŠู† ูŠู…ูŠู„ูˆู† ู„ุชุฃูŠูŠุฏ ู‚ูŠู… ูƒุงู„ู…ุณุงูˆุงุฉ
04:07
and fairness and care and protection from harm
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ูˆุงู„ุนุฏู„ ูˆุงู„ุฑุนุงูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ุญู…ุงูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุถุฑุฑ
04:11
more than conservatives do.
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ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู…ุง ูŠูุนู„ ุงู„ู…ุญุงูุธูˆู†.
04:13
And conservatives tend to endorse values like loyalty, patriotism,
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ูˆุงู„ู…ุญุงูุธูˆู† ูŠู…ูŠู„ูˆู† ุฅู„ู‰ ุชุฃูŠูŠุฏ ู‚ูŠู… ูƒุงู„ูˆู„ุงุก ูˆุงู„ูˆุทู†ูŠุฉ
04:19
respect for authority and moral purity
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ูˆุงุญุชุฑุงู… ุงู„ุณู„ุทุงุช ูˆุงู„ู†ู‚ุงุก ุงู„ุฃุฎู„ุงู‚ูŠ
04:22
more than liberals do.
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ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู…ุง ูŠูุนู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠุจุฑุงู„ูŠูˆู†.
04:25
And Matt and I were thinking that maybe this moral divide
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ุฃู†ุง ูˆู…ุงุช ูƒู†ู‘ุง ู†ููƒุฑ ุฃู†ู‡ ุฑุจู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงู†ู‚ุณุงู… ุงู„ุฃุฎู„ุงู‚ูŠ
04:29
might be helpful for understanding how it is
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ู…ููŠุฏู‹ุง ููŠ ูู‡ู… ุงู„ูƒูŠููŠุฉ
04:32
that liberals and conservatives talk to one another
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ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุชุญุฏุซ ุจู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠุจุฑุงู„ูŠูˆู† ูˆุงู„ู…ุญุงูุธูˆู† ู„ุจุนุถู‡ู… ุงู„ุจุนุถ
04:35
and why they so often seem to talk past one another
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ูˆู„ู…ุงุฐุง ุบุงู„ุจู‹ุง ู…ุง ูŠุจุฏูˆ ุฃู†ู‡ู… ูŠุชุญุฏุซูˆู† ุนู† ุดูŠุกู ู…ุฎุชู„ู
04:37
when they do.
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ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠุชุญุฏุซูˆู†.
04:39
So we conducted a study
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ูˆู„ุฐู„ูƒ ู‚ู…ู†ุง ุจุฅุฌุฑุงุก ุฏุฑุงุณุฉ
04:41
where we recruited liberals to a study
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ุญูŠุซ ู‚ู…ู†ุง ุจุงู„ุงุณุชุนุงู†ุฉ ุจุจุนุถ ุงู„ู„ูŠุจุฑุงู„ูŠูŠู† ู„ุฅุฌุฑุงุก ุฏุฑุงุณุฉ
04:44
where they were supposed to write a persuasive essay
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ุญูŠุซ ูƒุงู† ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูุชุฑุถ ุฃู† ูŠู‚ูˆู…ูˆุง ุจูƒุชุงุจุฉ ู…ู‚ุงู„ ุฅู‚ู†ุงุนูŠ
04:46
that would be compelling to a conservative in support of same-sex marriage.
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ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ู‚ู†ุนู‹ุง ู„ุดุฎุต ู…ุญุงูุธ ู„ุฏุนู… ุฒูˆุงุฌ ุงู„ู…ุซู„ูŠูŠู†.
04:51
And what we found was that liberals tended to make arguments
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ูˆู…ุง ูˆุฌุฏู†ุงู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุฃู† ุงู„ู„ูŠุจุฑุงู„ูŠูŠู† ูŠู…ูŠู„ูˆู† ู„ุจู†ุงุก ุญุฌุฌู‡ู…
04:54
in terms of the liberal moral values of equality and fairness.
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ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู‚ูŠู… ุงู„ุฃุฎู„ุงู‚ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠุจุฑุงู„ูŠุฉุŒ ุนู† ุงู„ุนุฏู„ ูˆุงู„ู…ุณุงูˆุงุฉ.
04:59
So they said things like,
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ูˆู„ุฐู„ูƒ ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ุฃุดูŠุงุก ู…ุซู„ุŒ
05:00
"Everyone should have the right to love whoever they choose,"
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"ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ูƒู„ ุดุฎุต ุงู„ุญู‚ ููŠ ุญุจ ุฃูŠ ุดุฎุต ูŠุฎุชุงุฑู‡"
05:04
and, "They" -- they being gay Americans --
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ูˆ"ู‡ู… -- ูƒูˆู†ู‡ู… ู…ุซู„ูŠูŠู† ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠูŠู†--
05:06
"deserve the same equal rights as other Americans."
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ูŠุณุชุญู‚ูˆู† ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู…ุณุงูˆุงุฉ ุจุงู„ุญู‚ูˆู‚ ูƒุงู„ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠู† ุงู„ุขุฎุฑูŠู†."
05:10
Overall, we found that 69 percent of liberals
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ุจุตูˆุฑุฉ ุดุงู…ู„ุฉุŒ ูˆุฌุฏู†ุง ุฃู† 96% ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ูŠุจุฑุงู„ูŠูŠู†
05:13
invoked one of the more liberal moral values in constructing their essay,
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ุงุณุชู†ุฏูˆุง ุฅู„ู‰ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุฃูˆ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ู‚ูŠู…ู‡ู… ุงู„ุฃุฎู„ุงู‚ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุจู†ุงุก ู…ู‚ุงู„ุงุชู‡ู….
05:18
and only nine percent invoked one of the more conservative moral values,
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ูˆ9% ูู‚ุท ุงุณุชู†ุฏูˆุง ุฅู„ู‰ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุฃูˆ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ู‚ูŠู… ุงู„ู…ุญุงูุธูŠูŠู† ุงู„ุฃุฎู„ุงู‚ูŠุฉุŒ
05:22
even though they were supposed to be trying to persuade conservatives.
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ุจุฑุบู… ุฃู†ู‡ู… ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูุชุฑุถ ุฃู† ูŠุญุงูˆู„ูˆุง ุฅู‚ู†ุงุน ุงู„ู…ุญุงูุธูŠู†.
05:26
And when we studied conservatives and had them make persuasive arguments
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ูˆุนู†ุฏู…ุง ู‚ู…ู†ุง ุจุฏุฑุงุณุฉ ุงู„ู…ุญุงูุธูŠู† ูˆุฌุนู„ู†ุงู‡ู… ูŠู‚ูˆู…ูˆุง ุจูƒุชุงุจุฉ ุญุฌุฌ ุฅู‚ู†ุงุนูŠุฉ
05:30
in support of making English the official language of the US,
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ู„ุฏุนู… ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ูƒุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฑุณู…ูŠุฉ ู„ู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉุŒ
05:33
a classically conservative political position,
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ู…ูˆู‚ู ุณูŠุงุณูŠ ุชู‚ู„ูŠุฏูŠ ู…ุญุงูุธุŒ
05:35
we found that they weren't much better at this.
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ู„ู… ู†ุฌุฏู‡ู… ุฃูุถู„ ุจูƒุซูŠุฑ.
05:38
59 percent of them made arguments
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59% ู…ู†ู‡ู… ุจู†ูˆุง ุญุฌุฌู‡ู…
05:39
in terms of one of the more conservative moral values,
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ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุฃูˆ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ู‚ูŠู… ุงู„ู…ุญุงูุธูŠู† ุงู„ุฃุฎู„ุงู‚ูŠุฉ
05:42
and just eight percent invoked a liberal moral value,
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ูˆ8% ูู‚ุท ุงุณุชู†ุฏูˆุง ุฅู„ู‰ ู‚ูŠู… ุงู„ู„ูŠุจุฑุงู„ูŠูŠู† ุงู„ุฃุฎู„ุงู‚ูŠุฉ.
05:44
even though they were supposed to be targeting liberals for persuasion.
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ุจุงู„ุฑุบู… ู…ู† ุฃู†ู‡ ูƒุงู† ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูุชุฑุถ ุฃู† ูŠุณุชู‡ุฏููˆุง ุงู„ู„ูŠุจุฑุงู„ูŠูŠู† ุจุงู„ุฅู‚ู†ุงุน.
05:49
Now, you can see right away why we're in trouble here. Right?
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ุงู„ุขู†ุŒ ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุฃู† ุชุฑู‰ ู„ู… ู†ุญู† ููŠ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู‡ู†ุงุŒ ุฃู„ูŠุณ ูƒุฐู„ูƒุŸ
05:54
People's moral values, they're their most deeply held beliefs.
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ู‚ูŠู… ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ุฃุฎู„ุงู‚ูŠุฉุŒ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุฃุนู…ู‚ ุงู„ู…ุนุชู‚ุฏุงุช.
05:57
People are willing to fight and die for their values.
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ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุนู„ู‰ ุงุณุชุนุฏุงุฏ ู„ู„ู‚ุชุงู„ ูˆุงู„ู…ูˆุช ู…ู† ุฃุฌู„ ู‚ูŠู…ู‡ู… ุงู„ุฃุฎู„ุงู‚ูŠุฉ.
06:01
Why are they going to give that up just to agree with you
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ู„ู…ุงุฐุง ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ุงู„ุชุฎู„ูŠ ุนู† ูƒู„ ุฐู„ูƒ ู„ู„ุงุชูุงู‚ ู…ุนูƒ
06:04
on something that they don't particularly want to agree with you on anyway?
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ุนู„ู‰ ุดูŠุก ู‡ู… ู„ุง ูŠุฑูŠุฏูˆู† ุชุญุฏูŠุฏู‹ุง ุงู„ุงุชูุงู‚ ู…ุนูƒ ููŠู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃูŠุฉ ุญุงู„ุŸ
06:07
If that persuasive appeal that you're making to your Republican uncle
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ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุทู„ุจ ุงู„ู…ูู‚ู’ู†ูุน ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุชู‚ุฏู…ู‡ ุฅู„ู‰ ุนู…ูƒ ุงู„ุฌู…ู‡ูˆุฑูŠ
06:11
means that he doesn't just have to change his view,
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ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ูŠุณ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูู‚ุท ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ุฑุฃูŠู‡ุŒ
06:13
he's got to change his underlying values, too,
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ู‚ูŠู…ู‡ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุงุŒ
06:15
that's not going to go very far.
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ุฅู† ู‡ุฐุง ู„ู† ูŠุฌุฏูŠ ู†ูุนู‹ุง.
06:17
So what would work better?
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ุฅุฐู† ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุฃูุถู„ุŸ
06:20
Well, we believe it's a technique that we call moral reframing,
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ุญุณู†ู‹ุงุŒ ู†ุญู† ู†ุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู†ู‡ ุฃุณู„ูˆุจ ู†ุทู„ู‚ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุฅุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุตูŠุงุบุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฎู„ุงู‚ูŠุฉุŒ
06:24
and we've studied it in a series of experiments.
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ูˆู‚ู…ู†ุง ุจุฏุงุฑุณุชู‡ุง ููŠ ุณู„ุณู„ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุจ.
06:26
In one of these experiments,
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ููŠ ุฅุญุฏู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุจุŒ
06:28
we recruited liberals and conservatives to a study
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ุงุณุชู‚ุฏู…ู†ุง ู„ูŠุจุฑุงู„ูŠูŠู† ูˆู…ุญุงูุธูŠู† ู„ุฅุฌุฑุงุก ุฏุฑุงุณุฉ
06:31
where they read one of three essays
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ูŠู‚ูˆู…ูˆู† ููŠู‡ุง ุจู‚ุฑุงุกุฉ ู…ู‚ุงู„ุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ู† ุซู„ุงุซ ู…ู‚ุงู„ุงุช
06:33
before having their environmental attitudes surveyed.
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ู‚ุจู„ ุงุณุชุทู„ุงุน ู…ูˆุงู‚ูู‡ู… ู†ุญูˆ ุงู„ุจูŠุฆุฉ.
06:37
And the first of these essays
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ูˆุฃูˆู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงู„ุงุช
06:38
was a relatively conventional pro-environmental essay
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ูƒุงู† ู…ู‚ุงู„ู‹ุง ุชู‚ู„ูŠุฏูŠู‹ุง ู…ู†ุงุตุฑู‹ุง ู„ู„ุจูŠุฆุฉ
06:42
that invoked the liberal values of care and protection from harm.
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ูˆุงู„ุฐูŠ ุงุณุชู†ุฏ ุฅู„ู‰ ู‚ูŠู… ุงู„ู„ูŠุจุฑุงู„ูŠูŠู† ุนู† ุงู„ุฑุนุงูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ุญู…ุงูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุถุฑุฑ.
06:46
It said things like, "In many important ways
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ุชุถู…ู† ุฌูู…ู„ู‹ุง ู…ุซู„ุŒ "ู†ุญู† ู†ุณุจุจ ุถุฑุฑุงู‹ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠุงู‹ ุจุทุฑู‚ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ
06:48
we are causing real harm to the places we live in,"
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ู„ู„ุฃู…ุงูƒู† ุงู„ุชูŠ ู†ุนูŠุด ุจู‡ุง"
06:51
and, "It is essential that we take steps now
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ูˆ"ูˆู…ู† ุงู„ุถุฑูˆุฑูŠ ุงู„ุขู† ุฃู† ู†ุชุฎุฐ ุฅุฌุฑุงุกุงุช
06:54
to prevent further destruction from being done to our Earth."
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ู„ู…ู†ุน ุญุฏูˆุซ ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏู…ุงุฑ ู„ูƒูˆูƒุจ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ."
06:58
Another group of participants
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ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุดุงุฑูƒูŠู†
07:00
were assigned to read a really different essay
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ุทูู„ุจ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ู‚ุฑุงุกุฉ ู…ู‚ุงู„ ู…ุฎุชู„ู ุชู…ุงู…ู‹ุง
07:02
that was designed to tap into the conservative value of moral purity.
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ูˆุงู„ุฐูŠ ูƒูุชุจ ุจู†ุงุกู‹ุง ุนู„ู‰ ู‚ูŠู… ุงู„ู…ุญุงูุธูŠู† ุนู† ุงู„ู†ู‚ุงุก ุงู„ุฃุฎู„ุงู‚ูŠ.
07:08
It was a pro-environmental essay as well,
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ูˆูƒุงู† ู…ู‚ุงู„ู‹ุง ู…ู†ุงุตุฑู‹ุง ู„ู„ุจูŠุฆุฉ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุงุŒ
07:10
and it said things like,
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ูˆุชุถู…ู† ุฌูู…ูŽู„ ู…ุซู„ุŒ
07:11
"Keeping our forests, drinking water, and skies pure is of vital importance."
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"ุงู„ุญูุงุธ ุนู„ู‰ ุบุงุจุงุชู†ุง ูˆู…ูŠุงู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ุตุงู„ุญุฉ ู„ู„ุดุฑุจ ูˆู†ู‚ุงุก ุณู…ุงุกู†ุงุŒ ู‡ูˆ ุฃู…ุฑ ุฐูˆ ุฃู‡ู…ูŠุฉ ู‚ุตูˆู‰."
07:16
"We should regard the pollution
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"ูŠุฌุจ ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุฃู† ู†ุนุชุจุฑ ุชู„ูˆุซ
07:18
of the places we live in to be disgusting."
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ุงู„ุฃู…ุงูƒู† ุงู„ุชูŠ ู†ุนูŠุด ููŠู‡ุง ุฃู…ุฑู‹ุง ู…ู‚ุฑูู‹ุง."
07:20
And, "Reducing pollution can help us preserve
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ูˆ"ุงู„ุญุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุชู„ูˆุซ ู‚ุฏ ูŠุณุงุนุฏู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุญูุงุธ ุนู„ู‰
07:23
what is pure and beautiful about the places we live."
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ูƒู„ ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุฌู…ูŠู„ ูˆู†ู‚ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃู…ุงูƒู† ุงู„ุชูŠ ู†ุนูŠุด ููŠู‡ุง."
07:27
And then we had a third group
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ูˆู…ู† ุซู… ูƒุงู† ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุซุงู„ุซุฉ
07:29
that were assigned to read just a nonpolitical essay.
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ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ุทูู„ุจ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ู‚ุฑุงุกุฉ ู…ู‚ุงู„ ุบูŠุฑ ุณูŠุงุณูŠ.
07:31
It was just a comparison group so we could get a baseline.
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ูƒุงู†ุช ูู‚ุท ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู„ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ุงู„ู†ุชุงุฆุฌ.
07:34
And what we found when we surveyed people
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ูˆู…ุง ูˆุฌุฏู†ุงู‡ ุนู†ุฏ ุงุณุชุทู„ุงุน ุขุฑุงุฆู‡ู…
07:36
about their environmental attitudes afterwards,
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ุนู† ู…ูˆุงู‚ูู‡ู… ู†ุญูˆ ุงู„ุจูŠุฆุฉ ุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒุŒ
07:38
we found that liberals, it didn't matter what essay they read.
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ูˆุฌุฏู†ุง ุฃู† ุงู„ู„ูŠุจุฑุงู„ูŠูŠู†ุŒ ู„ุง ูŠู‡ู… ุฃูŠ ู…ู‚ุงู„ ู‚ุฑุฃูˆุง.
07:41
They tended to have highly pro-environmental attitudes regardless.
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ุฅู†ู‡ู… ุจุบุถ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑ ูŠู…ูŠู„ูˆู† ู„ุงู…ุชู„ุงูƒ ู…ูˆุงู‚ู ู‚ูˆูŠุฉ ู…ู†ุงุตุฑุฉ ู„ู„ุจูŠุฆุฉ.
07:44
Liberals are on board for environmental protection.
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ุงู„ู„ูŠุจุฑุงู„ูŠูˆู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏุงุนู…ูŠู† ู„ุญู…ุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุจูŠุฆุฉ.
07:47
Conservatives, however,
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ูˆุงู„ู…ุญุงูุธูˆู†ุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃูŠุฉ ุญุงู„ุŒ
07:48
were significantly more supportive of progressive environmental policies
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ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุญุฏ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุฏุนู…ู‹ุง ู„ู„ุณูŠุงุณุงุช ุงู„ุจูŠุฆูŠุฉ
07:52
and environmental protection
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ูˆุญู…ุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุจูŠุฆุฉ
07:54
if they had read the moral purity essay
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ุนู†ุฏ ู‚ุฑุงุกุฉ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงู„ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุชุถู…ู† ุงู„ู†ู‚ุงุก ุงู„ุฃุฎู„ุงู‚ูŠ
07:56
than if they read one of the other two essays.
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ู…ู…ุง ู„ูˆ ู‚ุฑุฃูˆุง ุฃุญุฏ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงู„ูŠู† ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑูŠู†.
07:59
We even found that conservatives who read the moral purity essay
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ูˆุฌุฏู†ุง ุฃู† ุงู„ู…ุญุงูุธูŠู† ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ู‚ุฑุฃูˆุง ู…ู‚ุงู„ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุงุก ุงู„ุฃุฎู„ุงู‚ูŠ
08:03
were significantly more likely to say that they believed in global warming
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ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุญุฏ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู‚ุงุจู„ูŠุฉ ู„ู‚ูˆู„ ุฃู†ู‡ู… ูŠุคู…ู†ูˆู† ุจุธุงู‡ุฑุฉ ุงู„ุงุญุชุจุงุณ ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑูŠ
08:06
and were concerned about global warming,
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ูˆุฃู†ู‡ู… ู‚ู„ู‚ูˆู† ุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ุงุญุชุจุงุณ ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑูŠุŒ
08:08
even though this essay didn't even mention global warming.
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ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑุบู… ู…ู† ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงู„ ู„ู… ูŠุฐูƒุฑ ุญุชู‰ ุงู„ุงุญุชุจุงุณ ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑูŠ.
08:11
That's just a related environmental issue.
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ุฅู†ู‡ ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู‚ุถูŠุฉ ุจูŠุฆูŠุฉ ุฐุงุช ุตู„ุฉ.
08:13
But that's how robust this moral reframing effect was.
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ู‡ุฐุง ูŠูˆุถุญ ู…ุฏู‰ ู‚ูˆุฉ ูˆุชุฃุซูŠุฑ ุฅุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุตูŠุงุบุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฎู„ุงู‚ูŠุฉ.
08:17
And we've studied this on a whole slew of different political issues.
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ูˆู„ู‚ุฏ ุฏุฑุณู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ูƒุงู…ู„ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู‚ุถุงูŠุง ุงู„ุณูŠุงุณูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ.
08:21
So if you want to move conservatives
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ูˆู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุฅู† ูƒู†ุช ุชุฑูŠุฏ ุฅู‚ู†ุงุน ุงู„ู…ุญุงูุธูŠู†
08:25
on issues like same-sex marriage or national health insurance,
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ุจู‚ุถุงูŠุง ู…ุซู„ ุฒูˆุงุฌ ุงู„ู…ุซู„ูŠูŠู† ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุชุฃู…ูŠู† ุงู„ุตุญูŠ ุงู„ู‚ูˆู…ูŠุŒ
08:28
it helps to tie these liberal political issues to conservative values
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ูุฅู†ู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃูุถู„ ุฑุจุท ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู‚ุถุงูŠุง ุงู„ุณูŠุงุณูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠุจุฑุงู„ูŠุฉ ุจู‚ูŠู… ุงู„ู…ุญุงูุธูŠู†
08:31
like patriotism and moral purity.
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ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ูˆุทู†ูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ู†ู‚ุงุก ุงู„ุฃุฎู„ุงู‚ูŠ.
08:35
And we studied it the other way, too.
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ูˆุฏุฑุณู†ุง ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ู…ุนุงูƒุณ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง.
08:37
If you want to move liberals to the right on conservative policy issues
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ุฅุฐุง ูƒู†ุช ุชุฑูŠุฏ ุฅู‚ู†ุงุน ุงู„ู„ูŠุจุฑุงู„ูŠูŠู† ุจู‚ุถุงูŠุง ุณูŠุงุณูŠุฉ ู…ุญุงูุธุฉ
08:41
like military spending and making English the official language of the US,
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ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ุฅู†ูุงู‚ ุงู„ุนุณูƒุฑูŠ ูˆุฌุนู„ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฑุณู…ูŠุฉ ู„ู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉุŒ
08:46
you're going to be more persuasive
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ุณุชูƒูˆู† ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุฅู‚ู†ุงุนู‹ุง
08:47
if you tie those conservative policy issues to liberal moral values
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ุฅู† ุฑุจุทุชูŽ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู‚ุถุงูŠุง ุงู„ุณูŠุงุณูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุญุงูุธุฉ ุจู‚ูŠู… ุงู„ู„ูŠุจุฑุงู„ูŠูŠู† ุงู„ุฃุฎู„ุงู‚ูŠุฉ
08:51
like equality and fairness.
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ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ุนุฏู„ ูˆุงู„ู…ุณุงูˆุงุฉ.
08:54
All these studies have the same clear message:
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ุฌู…ูŠุน ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฏุฑุงุณุงุช ุชูˆุตู„ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุฑุณุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ูˆุงุถุญุฉ:
08:57
if you want to persuade someone on some policy,
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ุฅู† ูƒู†ุช ุชุฑูŠุฏ ุฅู‚ู†ุงุน ุดุฎุตุงู‹ ู…ุง ุจุณูŠุงุณุฉ ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉุŒ
09:00
it's helpful to connect that policy to their underlying moral values.
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ูุฅู†ู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ููŠุฏ ุฑุจุท ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุณุฉ ุจุงู„ู‚ูŠู… ุงู„ุฃุฎู„ุงู‚ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุณุชู†ุฏ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ุง.
09:05
And when you say it like that
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ูˆุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุชู‚ูˆู„ู‡ุง ุจู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ
09:07
it seems really obvious. Right?
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ุณุชุจุฏูˆ ุญู‚ู‹ุง ุจุฏูŠู‡ูŠุฉ. ุตุญูŠุญุŸ
09:09
Like, why did we come here tonight?
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ู…ุซู„ุŒ ู„ู…ุงุฐุง ุฌุฆู†ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠู„ุฉุŸ
09:10
Why --
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ู„ู…ุงุฐุง --
09:12
(Laughter)
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(ุถุญูƒ)
09:13
It's incredibly intuitive.
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ุฅู†ู‡ ุดูŠุก ุจุฏูŠู‡ูŠ ู„ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ.
09:17
And even though it is, it's something we really struggle to do.
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ูˆุจุงู„ุฑุบู… ู…ู† ุฃู†ู‡ ูƒุฐู„ูƒุŒ ุฅู†ู‡ ุดูŠุก ู†ู†ุงุถู„ ู…ู† ุฃุฌู„ ูุนู„ู‡.
09:20
You know, it turns out that when we go to persuade somebody on a political issue,
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ูƒู…ุง ุชุนู„ู…ูˆู†ุŒ ูู‚ุฏ ุงุชุถุญ ุฃู†ู‡ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ู†ุฐู‡ุจ ู„ุฅู‚ู†ุงุน ุดุฎุต ู…ุง ุจู‚ุถูŠุฉ ุณูŠุงุณูŠุฉุŒ
09:24
we talk like we're speaking into a mirror.
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ู†ุชุญุฏุซ ูƒู…ุง ู„ูˆ ุฃู†ู†ุง ู†ุชุญุฏุซ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃู†ูุณู†ุง.
09:27
We don't persuade so much as we rehearse our own reasons
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ู†ุญู† ู„ุง ู†ู‚ู†ุน ูƒุซูŠุฑู‹ุง ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู… ุจุชูƒุฑุงุฑ ุฃููƒุงุฑู†ุง ุงู„ุฎุงุตุฉ
09:31
for why we believe some sort of political position.
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ู„ุฃู†ู†ุง ู†ุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ู†ูˆุนู‹ุง ู…ุง ู…ูˆู‚ูู‹ุง ุณูŠุงุณูŠู‹ุง.
09:35
We kept saying when we were designing these reframed moral arguments,
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ุงุณุชู…ุฑูŠู†ุง ุจุงู„ู‚ูˆู„ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูƒู†ุง ู†ุตู…ู… ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุฌุฌ ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏ ุตูŠุงุบุชู‡ุง ุฃุฎู„ุงู‚ูŠู‹ุงุŒ
09:39
"Empathy and respect, empathy and respect."
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"ุงู„ุชุนุงุทู ูˆุงู„ุงุญุชุฑุงู…ุŒ ุงู„ุชุนุงุทู ูˆุงู„ุงุญุชุฑุงู…"
09:42
If you can tap into that,
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ุฅู† ุงุณุชุทุนุช ุงู„ู„ุนุจ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูˆุชุฑุŒ
09:44
you can connect
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ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุงู„ุชูˆุงุตู„
09:46
and you might be able to persuade somebody in this country.
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ูˆู‚ุฏ ุชูƒูˆู† ู‚ุงุฏุฑู‹ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุฅู‚ู†ุงุน ุดุฎุต ู…ุง ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุจู„ุฏ.
09:49
So thinking again
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ุฅุฐู‹ุง ุจุงู„ุชููƒูŠุฑ ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰
09:51
about what movie we're in,
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ููŠ ู…ุงู‡ูŠุฉ ุงู„ููŠู„ู… ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู†ุญู† ููŠู‡ุŒ
09:55
maybe I got carried away before.
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ุฑุจู…ุง ู‚ุฏ ุฃูƒูˆู† ุชุญู…ุณุช ู‚ุจู„ ู‚ู„ูŠู„.
09:56
Maybe it's not a zombie apocalypse movie.
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ุฑุจู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ู„ูŠุณ ููŠู„ู… ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุนุงู„ู… ุงู„ุฒูˆู…ุจูŠ.
09:59
Maybe instead it's a buddy cop movie.
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ุฑุจู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู„ู…ู‹ุง ุจูˆู„ูŠุณูŠู‹ุง ุจุฏู„ู‹ุง ู…ู† ุฐู„ูƒ.
10:01
(Laughter)
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(ุถุญูƒ)
10:03
Just roll with it, just go with it please.
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ุชู‚ุจู„ูˆุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ู…ู† ูุถู„ูƒู….
10:05
(Laughter)
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(ุถุญูƒ)
10:08
You know the kind: there's a white cop and a black cop,
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ุชุนุฑููˆู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุน: ุดุฑุทูŠ ุฃุจูŠุถ ู…ุน ุดุฑุทูŠ ุฃุณูˆุฏุŒ
10:11
or maybe a messy cop and an organized cop.
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ุฃูˆ ุดุฑุทูŠ ููˆุถูˆูŠ ู…ุน ุดุฑุทูŠ ู…ู†ุธู….
10:13
Whatever it is, they don't get along
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ุฃูŠู‹ุง ูƒุงู†ุŒ ูุฅู†ู‡ู… ู„ุง ูŠุชูู‚ูˆู† ู…ุน ุจุนุถู‡ู…
10:15
because of this difference.
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ุจุณุจุจ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงู.
10:17
But in the end, when they have to come together and they cooperate,
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ู„ูƒู† ููŠ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉุŒ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ุงู„ุนู…ู„ ู…ุนู‹ุง ูˆุฃู† ูŠุชุนุงูˆู†ูˆุงุŒ
10:20
the solidarity that they feel,
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ุงู„ุชุถุงู…ู† ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุดุนุฑูˆู† ุจู‡ุŒ
10:22
it's greater because of that gulf that they had to cross. Right?
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ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃูƒุจุฑุŒ ุจุณุจุจ ุงู„ุนู‚ุจุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ูƒุงู† ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ุชุฌุงูˆุฒู‡ุง. ุตุญูŠุญุŸ
10:27
And remember that in these movies,
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ูˆุชุฐูƒุฑูˆุง ุฃู† ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃูู„ุงู…ุŒ
10:29
it's usually worst in the second act
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ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุนุงุฏุฉ ู…ุง ุชูƒูˆู† ุฃุณูˆุฃ ููŠ ุงู„ูุตู„ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ
10:32
when our leads are further apart than ever before.
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ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃุจุทุงู„ู†ุง ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุชุจุงุนุฏู‹ุง ู…ู† ุฃูŠ ูˆู‚ุช ู…ุถู‰.
10:35
And so maybe that's where we are in this country,
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ูˆุฑุจู…ุง ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุง ู†ุญู† ุนู„ูŠู‡ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุจู„ุฏุŒ
10:37
late in the second act of a buddy cop movie --
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ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ูุตู„ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ู…ู† ููŠู„ู… ุจูˆู„ูŠุณูŠ
10:39
(Laughter)
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(ุถุญูƒ)
10:42
torn apart but about to come back together.
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ู…ูููƒูƒูŠู† ูˆู„ูƒู† ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุดูƒ ุฃู† ู†ุนูˆุฏ ู…ุนู‹ุง.
10:47
It sounds good,
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ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุจุฏูˆ ุฌูŠุฏู‹ุงุŒ
10:48
but if we want it to happen,
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ู„ูƒู† ุฅู† ูƒู†ู‘ุง ู†ุฑูŠุฏ ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุฃู† ูŠุญุฏุซุŒ
10:50
I think the responsibility is going to start with us.
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ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู† ุงู„ู…ุณุคูˆู„ูŠุฉ ุณุชุจุฏุฃ ู…ู† ุนู†ุฏู†ุง.
10:54
So this is my call to you:
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ู†ุฏุงุฆูŠ ู„ูƒู…:
10:57
let's put this country back together.
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ุฏุนูˆู†ุง ู†ูˆุญู‘ุฏ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุจู„ุฏ ู…ู† ุฌุฏูŠุฏ.
11:00
Let's do it despite the politicians
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ุฏุนูˆู†ุง ู†ูุนู„ ุฐู„ูƒ ุฑุบู… ุงู„ุณูŠุงุณูŠูŠู†
11:03
and the media and Facebook and Twitter
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ูˆูˆุณุงุฆู„ ุงู„ุฅุนู„ุงู… ูˆ"ููŠุณุจูˆูƒ" ูˆ"ุชูˆูŠุชุฑ"
11:06
and Congressional redistricting
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ูˆุชุฑุณูŠู… ุงู„ุฏูˆุงุฆุฑ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฎุงุจูŠุฉ
11:08
and all of it, all the things that divide us.
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ูˆูƒู„ ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชูุฑู‚ ุจูŠู†ู†ุง.
11:12
Let's do it because it's right.
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ู„ู†ู‚ู… ุจู‡ุฐุง ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุตุญูŠุญ.
11:15
And let's do it because this hate and contempt
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ูˆู„ู†ู‚ู… ุจู‡ ู„ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒุฑู‡ ูˆุงู„ุงุญุชู‚ุงุฑ
11:20
that flows through all of us every day
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ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุณุฑูŠ ุฏุงุฎู„ู†ุง ูƒู„ ูŠูˆู…
11:23
makes us ugly and it corrupts us,
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ูŠุฌุนู„ู†ุง ู‚ุจูŠุญูŠู† ูˆูŠูุณุฏู†ุงุŒ
11:26
and it threatens the very fabric of our society.
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ูˆูŠู‡ุฏุฏ ู†ุณูŠุฌ ู…ุฌุชู…ุนู†ุง.
11:31
We owe it to one another and our country
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ู†ุญู† ู…ุฏูŠู†ูˆู† ู„ุจุนุถู†ุง ุงู„ุจุนุถ ูˆู„ุจู„ุฏู†ุง
11:34
to reach out and try to connect.
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ุจุฃู† ู†ุชูˆุงุตู„ ูˆู†ุญุงูˆู„ ุฃู† ู†ุชุฑุงุจุท.
11:37
We can't afford to hate them any longer,
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ุฅู†ู†ุง ู„ุง ู†ุณุชุทูŠุน ุฃู† ู†ูƒุฑู‡ู‡ู… ู„ูุชุฑุฉ ุฃุทูˆู„ุŒ
11:42
and we can't afford to let them hate us either.
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ูˆู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุงู„ุณู…ุงุญ ู„ู‡ู… ุจูƒุฑู‡ู†ุง ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง.
11:45
Empathy and respect.
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ุงู„ุชุนุงุทู ูˆุงู„ุงุญุชุฑุงู….
11:47
Empathy and respect.
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ุงู„ุชุนุงุทู ูˆุงู„ุงุญุชุฑุงู….
11:49
If you think about it, it's the very least that we owe our fellow citizens.
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ุฅู† ููƒุฑุชู… ุจู‡ุฐุงุŒ ูู‡ูˆ ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ุง ู…ุง ูŠุชูˆุฌุจ ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุชุฌุงู‡ ู…ูˆุงุทู†ูŠู†ุง.
11:54
Thank you.
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ุดูƒุฑู‹ุง ู„ูƒู….
11:55
(Applause)
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(ุชุตููŠู‚)
ุญูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน

ุณูŠู‚ุฏู… ู„ูƒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน ู…ู‚ุงุทุน ููŠุฏูŠูˆ YouTube ุงู„ู…ููŠุฏุฉ ู„ุชุนู„ู… ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ. ุณุชุฑู‰ ุฏุฑูˆุณ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุชู… ุชุฏุฑูŠุณู‡ุง ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุฏุฑุณูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู…ู† ุฌู…ูŠุน ุฃู†ุญุงุก ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…. ุงู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูˆุถุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุตูุญุฉ ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ. ูŠุชู… ุชู…ุฑูŠุฑ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุงุช ุจุงู„ุชุฒุงู…ู† ู…ุน ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ. ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู„ุฏูŠูƒ ุฃูŠ ุชุนู„ูŠู‚ุงุช ุฃูˆ ุทู„ุจุงุช ุŒ ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ุจู†ุง ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ู‡ุฐุง.

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