Defining cyberwarfare...in hopes of preventing it - Daniel Garrie

Definisanje sajber-rata... u nadi da se spreči - Danijel Gari (Daniel Garrie)

Prevodilac: Miloš Milosavljević Lektor: Mile Živković

Wars are a tragic part of our history

Ratovi su tragični deo naše istorije

and will almost certainly be a tragic part of our future.

i skoro sigurno će biti tragični deo naše budućnosti.

Since the establishment of the United Nations,

Od osnivanja Ujedinjenih nacija

wars of aggression have been outlawed

agresorski ratovi su stavljeni van zakona

and multilateral conventions refer to armed conflict

i multilateralne konvencije govore o oružanom sukobu

instead of war.

umesto o ratu.

But the wars of the future

Ali ratovi budućnosti

won't be like the wars of our past.

neće biti kao ratovi iz naše prošlosti.

Alongside traditional warfare,

Pored tradicionalnog rata,

our future will include cyberwarfare,

naša budućnost će uključiti i sajber-rat,

remotely fighting our enemies

borbu sa našim neprijateljima na daljinu

through the use of a new class of weapons,

pomoću nove vrste oružja,

including computer viruses

uključujući kompjuterske viruse

and programs to alter the enemy's ability to operate.

i programe za menjanje sposobnosti neprijatelja da deluje.

And not only is cyberwarfare not covered

I ne samo da sajber-rat nije obuhvaćen

by existing legal frameworks,

postojećim zakonskim okvirima,

but the question of what exactly constitutes cyberwarfare

već se i dalje diskutuje o tome

is still highly debated.

šta tačno čini sajber-rat.

So, how can we deal with cyberwarfare

Prema tome, kako možemo da tretiramo sajber-rat

if we can't even agree on what it means?

kad ne možemo čak ni da se složimo oko toga šta on znači?

One way forward is to envision situations

Jedan od načina za napredovanje je predviđanje situacija

where new international laws may be needed.

gde bi možda bili potrebni novi međunarodni zakoni.

Imagine a new kind of assassin,

Zamislite novu vrstu ubice,

one that could perpetrate a crime

takvog koji može da izvrši zločin,

without firing a single shot

a da ne ispali nijedan metak

or even being in the same country.

ili čak da ne bude u istoj zemlji.

For example, an individual working for the government

Na primer, pojedinac koji radi za vladu

uses a wireless device to send a signal

koristi bežični uređaj da pošalje signal

to another foreign leader's pacemaker.

do pejsmejkera stranog vođe.

This device directs the pacemaker to malfunction,

Ovaj uređaj navodi pejsmejker na grešku u radu

ultimately resulting in the foreign leader's death.

koja na kraju rezultira smrću stranog vođe.

Would this cyber assassination

Da li bi ovo sajber-ubistvo

constitute an act of war?

predstavljalo čin rata?

As a second example,

Kao drugi primer

imagine an allied group of nations

zamislite grupu zemalja saveznika

cooperatively infiltrating the computer systems

kako se zajednički infiltriraju u kompjuterske sisteme

of an enemy nation's nuclear warship.

nuklearnog ratnog broda neprijateljske zemlje.

This attack results in a nuclear-powered aircraft carrier

Ovaj napad čini da kod nosača aviona na nuklearni pogon

almost melting down,

skoro dođe do topljenja jezgra,

which was stopped just short

što ga zaustavlja neposredno pre

of killing thousands of soldiers and civilians.

ubijanja hiljada vojnika i civila.

As a defensive measure,

Kao odbrambenu meru

the enemy country responds

neprijateljska zemlja koristi

by unleashing a defensive cyberattack

odbrambeni sajber-napad

that results in the allied nations' power grids going down.

koji čini da padnu mreže za napajanje strujom savezničkih nacija.

Hospitals can no longer treat patients,

Bolnice ne mogu više da leče pacijente,

entire regions without heat or clean water,

čitave oblasti ostaju bez grejanja ili vode za piće

all ultimately causing tens of thousands civilian deaths.

što na kraju prouzrokuje smrt desetina hiljada civila.

The origin of the power failure

Kvar u napajanju se desio

was the counterattack,

zbog kontra napada,

but the fragile infrastructure,

ali krhka infrastruktura,

feeble cybersecurity,

slaba sajber-bezbednost

and the antiquated state of the power grid

i zastarelost mreže napajanja

all contributed to the deaths of the civilians.

su takođe doprineli smrti civila.

Could the country fight back?

Da li bi zemlja mogla da uzvrati napad?

Who would they fight?

Koga bi napali?

And would their retaliation be considered an act of war?

I da li bi njihova odmazda bila protumačena kao ratni čin?

Do they constitute war crimes against humanity?

Da li oni čine zločine protiv čovečanstva?

Who is to be held responsible?

Koga smatrati odgovornim?

The computer programmers who wrote the code?

Kompjuterske programere koji su napisali kod?

The military project manager

Rukovodioca vojnim programom

who oversaw the creation of the code?

koji je nadgledao stvaranje koda?

The commander who hit the button,

Komandanta koji je pritisnuo dugme

setting off the event?

i aktivirao događaj?

The hardware engineer who created the computers,

Inženjera hardvera koji je napravio kompjutere

knowing that they were intended to enable an attack?

znajući da će ih iskoristiti za napad?

Because war has been with us for so long,

Zbog toga što je rat sa nama već dugo,

we have laws to deal with figuring out

imamo zakone kojima utvrđujemo

who should be held accountable

koga treba smatrati odgovornim

for their actions in combat.

za akcije u borbi.

These legal frameworks aim to contain

Ovi zakonski okviri imaju za cilj da ograniče

and prevent atrocities from being more atrocious.

i spreče da zverstva budu još gora.

Commandeering civilian planes

Otimanje civilnih aviona

and using them as weapons,

i njihovo korišćenje kao oružja,

dropping atomic bombs,

bacanje atomskih bombi,

the use of gas chambers or poisonous gas in conflict,

upotreba gasnih komora ili otrovnog gasa u sukobu,

all of these actions, if committed,

svi ovi činovi, ako se počine,

constitute acts of war and war crimes

predstavljaju čin rata ili ratnih zločina

under customary international law

po običajnom međunarodnom pravu

and the Hague conventions.

i haškim konvencijama.

Again, the current legal framework stays silent

Ponovo, aktuelni zakonski okvir ostaje nem

on hypothetical questions and countless others

za hipotetička pitanja i brojna druga

because there are no easy answers,

jer nema lakih odgovora

and there are only two ways

i postoje samo dva načina

to make progress on these questions:

da se napreduje u ovim pitanjima:

peace or new laws.

mir ili novi zakoni.

So, what hypothetical but plausible scenarios

Prema tome, koja hipotetična, ali moguća scenarija

can you imagine falling under

možete zamisliti da spadaju pod

the burgeoning definition of cyberwarfare,

sve širu definiciju sajber-rata

and how might you design

i kako biste mogli da napravite

an international legal framework

međunarodni zakonski okvir

to deter these activities?

da sprečite ove aktivnosti?