Can robots be creative? - Gil Weinberg

Prevodilac: Milenka Okuka Lektor: Mile Živković

How does this music make you feel?

Kako se osećate dok slušate ovu muziku?

Do you find it beautiful?

Da li mislite da je lepa?

Is it creative?

Da li je kreativna?

Now, would you change your answers

No, da li biste promenili mišljenje

if you learned the composer was this robot?

kada biste saznali da je kompozitor ovaj robot?

Believe it or not,

Verovali ili ne,

people have been grappling with the question of artificial creativity,

ljudi se bave pitanjem veštačke kreativnosti,

alongside the question of artifcial intelligence,

zajedno s pitanjem veštačke inteligencije,

for over 170 years.

više od 170 godina.

In 1843, Lady Ada Lovelace,

1843, ledi Ejda Lavlejs,

an English mathematician considered the world's first computer programmer,

engleska matematičarka koja se smatra prvim informatičkim programerom na svetu,

wrote that a machine could not have human-like intelligence

napisala je da mašina ne može da ima ljudsku inteligenciju,

as long as it only did what humans intentionally programmed it to do.

sve dok radi samo ono za šta su je ljudi namenski programirali.

According to Lovelace,

Prema Lavlejsovoj,

a machine must be able to create original ideas

mašina mora da bude sposobna da stvara originalne ideje

if it is to be considered intelligent.

ako ćemo da je smatramo inteligentnom.

The Lovelace Test, formalized in 2001, proposes a way of scrutinizing this idea.

Lovlejsin Test koji je formalizovan 2001, predlaže način proučavanja ove zamisli.

A machine can pass this test if it can produce an outcome

Mašina može da položi ovaj test, ako može da proizvede rezultat

that its designers cannot explain based on their original code.

koji njeni dizajneri ne mogu da objasne na osnovu prvobitnog koda.

The Lovelace Test is, by design, more of a thought experiment

Lavlejsin test je po strukturi više misaoni eksperiment

than an objective scientific test.

nego što je objektivan naučni test.

But it's a place to start.

Međutim i to je nešto, za početak.

At first glance,

Na prvi pogled,

the idea of a machine creating high quality, original music in this way

zamisao o mašini koja na ovaj način stvara visoko kvalitetnu, originalnu muziku

might seem impossible.

može da se čini nemogućom.

We could come up with an extremely complex algorithm

Mogli bismo da osmislimo izuzetno složen algoritam,

using random number generators, chaotic functions, and fuzzy logic

koristeći nasumične generatore brojeva, haotične funkcije i nejasnu logiku

to generate a sequence of musical notes

kako bi smo stvorili niz muzičkih nota

in a way that would be impossible to track.

tako da bi im bilo teško ući u trag.

But although this would yield countless original melodies never heard before,

Ali, iako bi ovo proizvelo bezbroj originalnih melodija, novih za uho,

only a tiny fraction of them would be worth listening to.

samo bi mali deo njih bio vredan slušanja.

With the computer having no way to distinguish

Ne bi bilo šanse za kompjuter da razlikuje

between those which we would consider beautiful

one koje bismo smatrali lepim

and those which we won't.

i one koje ne bismo.

But what if we took a step back

No šta ako bismo zakoračili unazad

and tried to model a natural process that allows creativity to form?

i pokušali da imitiramo prirodni proces koji omogućuje formiranje kreativnosti?

We happen to know of at least one such process

Znamo za bar jedan takav proces

that has lead to original, valuable, and even beautiful outcomes:

koji je doveo do originalnih, dragocenih, pa čak i lepih rezultata:

the process of evolution.

proces evolucije.

And evolutionary algorithms,

A evolutivni algoritmi,

or genetic algorithms that mimic biological evolution,

ili genetički algoritmi koji podražavaju biološku evoluciju

are one promising approach

su obećavajući pristup

to making machines generate original and valuable artistic outcomes.

za postizanje da mašine daju originalne i dragocene umetničke rezultate.

So how can evolution make a machine musically creative?

Pa, kako evolucija može da učini mašinu muzički kreativnom?

Well, instead of organisms,

Pa, umesto organizama,

we can start with an initial population of musical phrases,

možemo početi sa početnom grupom muzičkih fraza

and a basic algorithm

i osnovnih algoritama

that mimics reproduction and random mutations

koji podražavaju reprodukciju i nasumične mutacije

by switching some parts,

tako što menjaju neke delove,

combining others,

kombinuju druge

and replacing random notes.

i zamenjuju nasumične note.

Now that we have a new generation of phrases,

Sad kad imamo novu generaciju fraza,

we can apply selection using an operation called a fitness function.

možemo da primenimo selekciju, koristeći operaciju koja se zove pogodna funkcija.

Just as biological fitness is determined by external environmental pressures,

Baš kao što je biološka pogodnost određena spoljašnjim pritiscima sredine,

our fitness function can be determined by an external melody

našu pogodnu funkciju može da odredi spoljna melodija

chosen by human musicians, or music fans,

koju odabere ljudski muzičar ili ljubitelji muzike,

to represent the ultimate beautiful melody.

kako bi predstavljala krajnje prelepu melodiju.

The algorithm can then compare between our musical phrases

Algoritam potom može da vrši poređenje među našim muzičkim frazama

and that beautiful melody,

i tom lepom melodijom

and select only the phrases that are most similar to it.

i da odabere fraze koje su joj najsličnije.

Once the least similar sequences are weeded out,

Čim su najmanje slični nizovi iskorenjeni,

the algorithm can reapply mutation and recombination to what's left,

algoritam može ponovo da primeni mutaciju i rekombinaciju onoga što je preostalo,

select the most similar, or fitted ones, again from the new generation,

da izabere najsličnije ili najpogodnije, ponovo iz nove generacije

and repeat for many generations.

i da to ponavlja tokom mnogih generacija.

The process that got us there has so much randomness and complexity built in

Proces kojim bismo stigli dotle ima toliko ugrađene nasumičnosti i složenosti

that the result might pass the Lovelace Test.

da bi rezultati mogli da prođu Lavlejsin test.

More importantly, thanks to the presence of human aesthetic in the process,

Što je značajnije, zahvaljujući prisustvu ljudske estetike u procesu,

we'll theoretically generate melodies we would consider beautiful.

teoretski bismo proizvodili melodije koje bismo smatrali lepim.

But does this satisfy our intuition for what is truly creative?

No, da li to zadovoljava našu intuiciju o tome šta je istinska kreativnost?

Is it enough to make something original and beautiful,

Da li je dovoljno napraviti nešto originalno i lepo,

or does creativity require intention and awareness of what is being created?

ili kreativnost zahteva nameru i svest o tome šta se stvara?

Perhaps the creativity in this case is really coming from the programmers,

Možda kreativnost u ovom slučaju zaista potiče od programera,

even if they don't understand the process.

čak iako oni ne razumeju proces.

What is human creativity, anyways?

Šta je ljudska kreativnost uopšte?

Is it something more than a system of interconnected neurons

Da li je to nešto više od sistema međupovezanih neurona

developed by biological algorithmic processes

koje su razvili biološki algoritamski procesi

and the random experiences that shape our lives?

i nasumična iskustva koja oblikuju naše živote?

Order and chaos, machine and human.

Red i haos, mašina i čovek.

These are the dynamos at the heart of machine creativity initiatives

Ovo su generatori u srži inicijativa mašinske kreativnosti

that are currently making music, sculptures, paintings, poetry and more.

koji trenutno prave muziku, skulpture, slike, poeziju i drugo.

The jury may still be out

Osude su možda i dalje validne

as to whether it's fair to call these acts of creation creative.

po pitanju toga da li je pošteno nazvati ove činove kreativnosti kreativnim.

But if a piece of art can make you weep,

Međutim, ako vas umetničko delo može rasplakati

or blow your mind,

ili vas oduševiti

or send shivers down your spine,

ili izazvati trnce niz vašu kičmu,

does it really matter who or what created it?

da li je zaista važno ko ga je ili šta stvorilo?