The history of tattoos - Addison Anderson

Istorija tetoviranja - Adison Anderson (Addison Anderson)

Prevodilac: Katarina Jakovljević Lektor: Mile Živković

Thinking of getting a tattoo?

Razmišljate o tetoviranju?

Decorating your birthday suit would add another personal story

Dekorisanje svoje kože bi dodalo jos jednu ličnu priču

to a history of tattoos stretching back at least 8000 years.

istoriji tetoviranja koja seže barem 8000 godina unazad.

Tattooed mummies from around the world attest to the universality

Tetovirane mumije širom sveta svedoče o univerzalnosti

of body modification across the millennia,

modifikacije tela kroz milenijume,

and to the fact that you really were stuck with it forever

i činjenici da biste je zaista imali zauvek

if your civilization never got around to inventing laser removal.

da moderna civilizacija nije izumela lasersko uklanjanje.

A mummy from the Chinchorro culture in pre-Incan Peru

Mumija koja pripada kulturi Činčoro iz Perua, u vreme pre Inka,

has a mustache tattooed on his upper lip.

ima brkove tetovirane na gornjoj usni.

Ötzi, mummified iceman of the Alps, has patterned charcoal tats along his spine,

Oci, mumifikovani ledeni čovek sa Alpa ima tetovaže sa uzorkom uglja duž kičme,

behind his knee and around his ankles,

iza kolena i oko članaka,

which might be from an early sort of acupuncture.

koje mogu biti deo neke vrste preteče akupunkture.

The mummy of Amunet, a priestess in Middle Kingdom Egypt,

Mumija iz Amuneta, sveštenica u Srednjem kraljevstvu Egipta,

features tattoos thought to symbolize sexuality and fertility.

pokrivena je tetovažama za koje se veruje da simbolizuju seksualnost i plodnost.

Even older than the mummies,

Starije čak i od tih mumija

figurines of seemingly tattooed people,

su figurice naizgled tetoviranih ljudi i alata

and tools possibly used for tattooing date back tens of thousands of years.

koji su možda korišćeni za tetoviranje, starih desetine hiljada godina.

Tattoos don't have one historical origin point that we know of,

Jedinstveno istorijsko poreklo tetovaža je nepoznato,

but why do we English speakers call them all tattoos?

ali je pitanje zašto se u engleskom jeziku nazivaju "tatu".

The word is an anglophonic modification of "tatao,"

Reč je anglofona modifikacija reči "tatao",

a Polynesian word used in Tahiti,

polinežanske reči korišćene na Tahitiju,

where English captain James Cook landed in 1769

gde se engleski kapetan Džejm Kuk iskrcao 1769.

and encountered heavily tattooed men and women.

i susreo sa muškarcima i ženama prekrivenim tetovažama.

Stories of Cook's findings and the tattoos his crew acquired

Priče o Kukovom pronalasku i tetovaže koje je njegova posada uradila

cemented our usage of "tattoo" over previous words like

utvrdile su upotrebu reči "tatu" nasuprot prethodno korišćenih izraza

"scarring," "painting," and "staining,"

poput "obeležavanje", "oslikavanje", "uflekavanje"

and sparked a craze in Victorian English high society.

i doneli su iskru ludila u visoko društvo Viktorijanske Engleske.

We might think of Victorians having Victorian attitudes

Mi možda mislimo da su Viktorijanci imali viktorijanski stav

about such a risque thing,

o nečemu tako neobičnom,

and you can find such sentiments, and even bans, on tattooing throughout history.

I zaista mogu se naći takvi stavovi pa čak i zabrane tetoviranja, kroz istoriju.

But while publicly some Brits looked down their noses at tattoos,

Ali dok su u javnosti neki Britanci gledali sa nipodaštavanjem na tetovaže,

behind closed doors and away from their noses,

iza zatvorenih vrata i dalje od javnosti

lots of people had them.

mnogo ljudi ih je imalo.

Reputedly, Queen Victoria had a tiger fighting a python,

Navodno je kraljica Viktorija imala tetovažu tigra koji se bori sa pitonom,

and tattoos became very popular among Cook's fellow soldiers,

tetovaže su takođe postale jako popularne među Kukovom posadom,

who used them to note their travels.

koja ih je koristila da zabeleži svoja putovanja.

You crossed the Atlantic? Get an anchor.

Prešao si Atlantik? Tetoviraj sidro.

Been south of the Equator? Time for your turtle tat.

Bio si južno od Ekvadora? Vreme je za tetovažu kornjače.

Ali zapadnjaci su se tetovirali još pre nego što su sreli

But Westerners sported tattoos long before meeting

the Samoans and Maori of the South Pacific.

Samoance i Maore južnog Pacifika.

Crusaders got the Jerusalem Cross so if they died in battle,

Krstaši su tetovirali jerusalimski krst da bi bili sahranjeni

they'd get a Christian burial.

po hrišćanskim običajima ako umru u borbi.

Roman soldiers on Hadrian's Wall had military tattoos

Rimski vojnici na Hadrijanovom zidu imali su vojne tetovaže

and called the Picts beyond it "Picts," for the pictures painted on them.

a Pikte preko zida su zvali "Pikti" upravo zbog slika ocrtanih na njima.

There's also a long tradition of people being tattooed unwillingly.

Postoji i jako duga tradicija prisilnog tetoviranja ljudi.

Greeks and Romans tattooed slaves and mercenaries to discourage

Grci i Rimljani su tetovirali robove i plaćenike kako bi

escape and desertion.

obeshrabrili bekstvo i dezertiranje.

Criminals in Japan were tattooed as such as far back as the 7th century.

Kriminalci u Japanu su obeležavani tetovažama još u 7. veku.

Most infamously, the Nazis tattooed numbers on the chest or arms

Najneslavniji primer su Nacisti, koji su tetovirali brojeve na grudi i ruke

of Jews and other prisoners at the Auschwitz concentration camp

Jevreja i drugih zatvorenika u koncentracionom logoru Aušvic

in order to identify stripped corpses.

kako bi mogli da identifikuju nage leševe.

But tattoos forced on prisoners and outcasts can be redefined

Ali prisilne tetovaže na zatvorenicima i odbačenima mogu biti redefinisane

as people take ownership of that status or history.

kada ljudi preuzmu kontrolu nad svojim statusom ili istorijom.

Primo Levi survived Auschwitz and wore short sleeves to Germany after the war

Primo Levi je preživeo Aušvic i posle rata je nosio kratke rukave kroz Nemačku

to remind people of the crime his number represented.

kako bi podsetio ljude na zločin koji tetovirani broj predstvlja.

Today, some Holocaust survivors' descendants

Danas, potomci onih koji su preživeli Holokaust

have their relatives numbers' tattooed on their arms.

tetoviraju na rukama brojeve svojih rođaka.

The Torah has rules against tattoos,

Tora propisuje pravilo protiv tetoviranja,

but what if you want to make indelible what you feel should never be forgotten?

ali šta ako želite da ovekovečite nešto za šta smatrate da ne sme biti zaboravljeno?

And those criminals and outcasts of Japan, where tattooing was eventually outlawed

A kriminalci u Japanu, gde je tetoviranje vremenom postalo zabranjeno

from the mid-19th century to just after World War II,

od sredine 19. veka pa sve do posle 2. svetskog rata,

added decoration to their penal tattoos,

dodali su dekoracije na svoje kažnjeničke tetovaže,

with designs borrowed from woodblock prints, popular literature

sa motivima pozajmljenim iz štampe u drvetu, popularne književnosti

and mythical spirtual iconography.

i mitske, spiritualne ikonografije.

Yakuza gangs viewed their outsider tattoos as signs of lifelong loyalty and courage.

Jakuza bande su smatrale svoje tetovaže znakom doživotne odanosti i hrabrosti.

After all, they lasted forever and it really hurt to get them.

Na kraju krajeva, one ipak traju ceo život i tetoviranje stvarno boli.

For the Maori, those tattoos were an accepted mainstream tradition.

Za Maore, tetoviranje je bila opšte prihvaćena tradicija.

If you shied away from the excruciating chiseling in of your moko design,

Ako biste pobegli od zastrašujućeg usecanja vašeg moko motiva,

your unfinished tattoo marked your cowardice.

vaša nezavršena tetovaža bi postala znak kukavičluka.

Today, unless you go the traditional route,

Danas, osim ukoliko se ne odlučite za tradicionalnost,

your tattoo artist will probably use a tattoo machine

vaš tatu majstor će verovatno koristiti mašinu za tetoviranje

based on the one patented by Samuel O'Reilly in 1891,

zasnovanu na patentu Samuela O'Rajlija iz 1891,

itself based on Thomas Edison's stencil machine from 1876.

koji je zasnovan na pečatnoj mašini Tomasa Edisona iz 1876.

But with the incredibly broad history of tattoos giving you so many options,

Kako nam veoma duga istorija tetoviranja pruža toliko opcija,

what are you going to get?

šta ćeš ti izabrati?

This is a bold-lined expression of who you are,

Tetovaža je hrabar izraz onoga što jesi,

or you want to appear to be.

ili onoga što želiš da drugi misle o tebi.

As the naturalist aboard Cook's ship said of the tataoed Tahitians,

Kako je prirodnjak sa Kukovog broda rekao za tetovirane Tahićane:

"Everyone is marked, thus in different parts of his body,

"Svi su obeleženi, na različitim delovima tela,

according maybe to his humor or different circumstances of his life."

u zavisnosti od sudbine ili drugačijih okolnosti njihovih života."

Maybe your particular humor and circumstances

Možda tvoja sudbina ili okolnosti

suggest getting a symbol of cultural heritage,

nameću tetoviranje nekog simbola kulturnog nasleđa,

a sign of spirituality, sexual energy,

ili znaka spiritualnosti, seksualne energije,

or good old-fashioned avant-garde defiance.

ili uvek popularne avangardne pobune.

A reminder of a great accomplishment,

Podsetnik na velika postignuća,

or of how you think it would look cool if Hulk Hogan rode a Rhino.

ili tvoje mišljenje da je kul videti Hulka Hogana kako jaše nosoroga.

It's your expression, your body, so it's your call.

To je izraz tvoje ličnosti, tvoje telo i tvoja odluka.

Just two rules:

Zapamti samo dva pravila:

you have to find a tattooist who won't be ashamed to draw your idea,

moraš naći tatu majstora koga neće biti sramota da nacrta tvoju ideju,

and when in doubt, you can never go wrong with "Mom."

i kad se dvoumiš, nikad ne možeš pogrešiti sa "mama".