Did ancient Troy really exist? - Einav Zamir Dembin

2,075,736 views ・ 2018-07-31

TED-Ed


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Nathan Kim κ²€ν† : Won Jang
νŠΈλ‘œμ΄λŠ” μ‹€μž¬ν–ˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
00:08
When Homer’s Iliad was first written down in the 8th century BCE,
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ν˜Έλ©”λ‘œμŠ€μ˜ μΌλ¦¬μ•„λ“œκ°€ 기원전 8 세기에 처음 κΈ°λ‘λ˜μ—ˆμ„ λ•Œ
00:12
the story of the Trojan war was already an old one.
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트둜이 μ „μŸμ˜ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°λŠ” 이미 μ˜›λ‚ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:16
From existing oral tradition,
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기쑴의 ꡬ전 전톡을 톡해
00:17
audiences knew the tales of the long siege,
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관객듀은 μž₯κ΅¬ν•œ ν¬μœ„ 곡격
00:20
the epic duels outside the city walls,
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λ„μ‹œ μ„±λ²½ λ°”κΉ₯μ—μ„œ λ²Œμ–΄μ§„ 역사에 λ‚¨μ„λ§Œν•œ 결투
00:23
and the cunning trick that finally won the war.
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λ§ˆμΉ¨λ‚΄ μ „μŸμ„ 승리둜 이끈 κ΅ν™œν•œ μˆ μ±…μ— λŒ€ν•œ 이야기λ₯Ό μ•Œκ³  μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:26
In the end, the magnificent city was burned to the ground,
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κ²°κ΅­ μ›…μž₯ν•œ λ„μ‹œλŠ” λΆˆνƒ€λ²„λ Έκ³ 
00:29
never to rise again.
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λ‹€μ‹œλŠ” μΌμ–΄μ„œμ§€ λͺ»ν–ˆμ£ .
00:31
But had it ever existed?
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ‹€μ œ μΌμ–΄λ‚œ μΌμΌκΉŒμš”?
00:34
By the time the field of archaeology began to take shape in the 19th century,
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κ³ κ³ ν•™μ΄λΌλŠ” 학문이 ν˜•μ„±λ˜λ˜ 19μ„ΈκΈ° 무렡
00:39
many were skeptical, considering the epic to be pure fiction,
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λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ 회의적인 μ‹œκ°μœΌλ‘œ 이 이야기λ₯Ό μˆœμˆ˜ν•œ ν—ˆκ΅¬λΌκ³  μ—¬κ²ΌμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:43
a founding myth imagining a bygone heroic era.
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과거의 μ˜μ›…μ μΈ μ‹œλŒ€μ— λŒ€ν•œ μƒμƒλœ 창립 신화라고 μƒκ°ν–ˆμ§€μš”.
00:47
But some scholars believed
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 일뢀 ν•™μžλ“€μ€
00:48
that behind the superhuman feats and divine miracles
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μ΄ˆμΈκ°„μ  νŠΉμ§•λ“€κ³Ό 신적인 기적 λ’€μ—λŠ”
00:51
there must have been a grain of historical truth -
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일말의 역사적인 진싀이 μžˆλ‹€κ³  λ―Ώμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:54
a war that was really fought,
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μ‹€μ œλ‘œ μ „μŸμ΄ μžˆμ—ˆκ³ 
00:56
and a place where it happened.
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그것이 μΌμ–΄λ‚œ μž₯μ†Œλ„ μžˆμ„ 것이라고 μƒκ°ν–ˆμ§€μš”.
00:58
Frank Calvert was one such believer.
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ν”„λž­ν¬ 캘 λ²„νŠΈκ°€ κ·Έ 쀑 ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:01
He had spent his youth traveling and learning about ancient civilizations
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κ·ΈλŠ” 여행을 ν•˜κ³  κ³ λŒ€ λ¬Έλͺ…에 λŒ€ν•΄ 배우며 μ–΄λ¦° μ‹œμ ˆμ„ λ³΄λƒˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:05
before accompanying his brother Frederick
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그러던 μ–΄λŠ λ‚  동생인 ν”„λ ˆλ“œλ¦­κ³Ό ν•¨κ»˜
01:07
on a diplomatic mission to the northwest Anatolian region of Γ‡anakkale.
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외ꡐ μž„λ¬΄λ₯Ό 가지고 μ²΄λ‚˜μΉΌλ ˆμ˜ λΆμ„œλΆ€ μ•„λ‚˜ν†¨λ¦¬μ•„ 지역에 κ°€κ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:11
It was here that Homer described the Greek encampment
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이곳은 ν˜Έλ©”λ‘œμŠ€κ°€ 그리슀ꡰ의 μ•Όμ˜μ§€κ°€ μžˆλ‹€κ³  λ¬˜μ‚¬ν•œ
01:14
at the mouth of the Scamander river.
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μŠ€μΌ€λ©˜λ”κ°•μ˜ μž…κ΅¬μ§€μ—­μ΄μ—ˆμ§€μš”.
01:17
And it was here that fate brought Frank into contact
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그리고 ν”„λž­ν¬λŠ” 이 λ°”λ‘œ κ³³μ—μ„œ
01:20
with a journalist and geologist named Charles Maclaren.
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기자이자 μ§€μ§ˆν•™μžμΈ 찰슀 λ§₯클라렌과 운λͺ…적인 λ§Œλ‚¨μ„ κ°€μ§€κ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆμ§€μš”.
01:24
Locals and travelers had long speculated
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지역 μ£Όλ―Όλ“€κ³Ό μ—¬ν–‰μžλ“€μ€ μ˜€λž«λ™μ•ˆ
01:26
that Troy might’ve stood on one of the surrounding hilltops.
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μ£Όλ³€ μ–Έλ•κΌ­λŒ€κΈ° 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜μ— νŠΈλ‘œμ΄κ°€ μžˆμ—ˆμ„ 거라 μΆ”μΈ‘ν•΄μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:29
But Maclaren had been one of the first
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그리고 λ§₯클라렌이 처음으둜
01:32
to publish a detailed topographical study of the area.
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이 지역에 λŒ€ν•œ μƒμ„Έν•œ μ§€ν˜• 연ꡬλ₯Ό λ°œν‘œν•˜μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:35
He believed he had found the site –
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κ·ΈλŠ” νžˆμ‚¬λ¦­μ΄λΌ λΆˆλ¦¬λŠ” 32m λ†’μ΄μ˜ 언덕에 νŠΈλ‘œμ΄κ°€ μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€κ³  λ―Ώμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:37
a 32-meter mound known by the name HisarlΔ±k,
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01:41
derived from the Turkish word for β€œfortress.”
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μ΄λŠ” ν„°ν‚€μ–΄λ‘œ "μš”μƒˆ"λΌλŠ” 뜻의 λ‹¨μ–΄μ—μ„œ μœ λž˜ν•œ μ΄λ¦„μ΄μ—ˆμ§€μš”.
01:43
Soon after meeting with him in 1847,
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1847년에 κ·Έλ₯Ό λ§Œλ‚œ 직후,
01:46
the Calverts bought 2,000 acres of farmland
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μΉΌλ²„νŠΈλŠ” μ–Έλ•μ˜ 일뢀λ₯Ό ν¬ν•¨ν•œ
01:48
that included part of the hill.
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2,000에이컀 농지λ₯Ό μƒ€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:51
Before they could explore any further,
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그듀이 더 νƒν—˜μ„ ν•˜κΈ° 전에,
01:53
the Crimean War broke out
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크림 μ „μŸμ΄ 일어났고
01:54
and forestalled their archaeological ambitions for several years.
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λͺ‡ λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ κ³ κ³ ν•™μ˜ 야망은 λ―Έλ£¨μ–΄μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:58
After the war’s end,
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μ „μŸμ΄ λλ‚˜κ³ 
02:00
Frank Calvert began to survey the site,
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ν”„λž­ν¬ μΉΌλ²„νŠΈλŠ” 이 ν˜„μž₯을 μ‘°μ‚¬ν•˜κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:02
but lacked the funds for a full excavation.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 전체 λ°œκ΅΄μ„ μœ„ν•œ 기금이 λΆ€μ‘±ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:05
This was where the wealthy German businessman
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μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ 독일 λΆ€μž μ‚¬μ—…κ°€μ΄μž
02:07
and amateur archaeologist Heinrich Schliemann came in.
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μ•„λ§ˆμΆ”μ–΄ κ³ κ³ ν•™μžμΈ ν•˜μΈλ¦¬νžˆ 슐리만이 λ“±μž₯ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:12
At Calvert’s invitation,
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μΉΌλ²„νŠΈμ˜ μ΄ˆλŒ€λ‘œ
02:13
Schliemann visited the grounds in 1868, and decided to excavate.
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μŠλ¦¬λ§Œμ€ 1868년에 ν˜„μž₯을 λ°©λ¬Έν•˜κ³  λ°œκ΅΄ν•˜κΈ°λ‘œ κ²°μ •ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:18
Eager to find the ancient city,
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κ³ λŒ€ λ„μ‹œλ₯Ό μ°Ύκ³  싢은 μ—΄λ§μœΌλ‘œ
02:20
Schliemann tore massive trenches all the way to the base of the hill.
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μŠλ¦¬λ§Œμ€ 언덕 λ°‘κΉŒμ§€ μ—„μ²­λ‚˜κ²Œ 큰 ꡬ멍을 νŒ μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:24
There, he uncovered a hoard of precious artifacts,
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κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ κ·ΈλŠ” κ·€μ€‘ν•œ 유물 더미λ₯Ό λ°œκ²¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:27
jewelry,
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보석듀과
02:28
and metalwork,
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κΈˆμ† μ„Έκ³΅ν’ˆλ“€μ΄ μžˆμ—ˆκ³ 
02:29
including two diadems and a copper shield.
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이 μ€‘μ—λŠ” 두 개의 μ™•κ΄€κ³Ό ꡬ리둜 된 λ°©νŒ¨λ„ μžˆμ—ˆμ§€μš”.
02:32
Schliemann took full credit for the discovery,
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μŠλ¦¬λ§Œμ€ λ°œκ²¬μ— λŒ€ν•œ λͺ¨λ“  곡둜λ₯Ό μ°¨μ§€ν•˜κ³ 
02:34
announcing that he had found Troy
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μžμ‹ μ΄ νŠΈλ‘œμ΄μ™€ 프리암 μ™•μ˜ 보물을 μ°Ύμ•˜λ‹€κ³  λ°œν‘œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:36
and the treasure of its king Priam.
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02:38
But the real treasure was elsewhere.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ μ§„μ§œ 보물은 λ‹€λ₯Έ 곳에 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:40
When later archaeologists studied the site,
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μ΄ν›„μ˜ κ³ κ³ ν•™μžλ“€μ΄ ν˜„μž₯을 μ—°κ΅¬ν•˜λ©΄μ„œ
02:43
they realized that the mound consisted of no less than nine cities,
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이 μ–Έλ•μ—λŠ” μ΅œμ†Œν•œ 아홉 개의 λ„μ‹œκ°€ μžˆμ—ˆμœΌλ©°
02:47
each built atop the ruins of the last.
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각 λ„μ‹œλŠ” 이전 λ„μ‹œμ˜ νν—ˆ μœ„μ— μ„Έμ›Œμ‘Œλ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ•Œκ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆμ§€μš”.
02:50
The layer Schliemann had uncovered dated back to the Mycenaean Age,
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슐리만이 발견 ν•œ 측은 λ―ΈμΌ€λ„€ μ‹œλŒ€μ˜ κ²ƒμ΄μ—ˆκ³ 
02:54
more than 1,000 years too early for Homer.
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ν˜Έλ©”λ‘œμŠ€μ˜ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°μ˜ 배경보닀 μ²œλ…„ 이상 이λ₯Έ μ‹œκΈ°μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:57
But inside the mound was indeed evidence
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 언덕 μ•ˆμ—λŠ” μ‹€μ œλ‘œ
02:59
for a city that had thrived during the Bronze Age,
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청동기 μ‹œλŒ€μ— λ²ˆμ°½ν–ˆλ˜ λ„μ‹œμ— λŒ€ν•œ 증거인
03:02
with charred stone,
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μƒˆκΉŒλ§£κ²Œ 탄 돌,
03:03
broken arrowheads,
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λΆ€λŸ¬μ§„ 화살촉,
03:05
and damaged human skeletons suggesting a violent end.
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폭λ ₯적인 결말을 μ•”μ‹œν•˜λŠ” μ†μƒλœ 인간 해골 등이 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:09
It was Troy VII, contained in the middle layers
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이 μœ λ¬Όλ“€μ€ 제 7측에 λ¬»ν˜€μžˆμ—ˆλŠ”λ°, 이 측은 쀑간에 μžˆλŠ” 측으둜
03:12
and now ravaged for a second time by Schliemann’s careless excavation.
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슐리만의 λΆ€μ£Όμ˜ν•œ λ°œκ΅΄μ— μ˜ν•΄μ„œ 재차 황폐해져 λ²„λ Έμ§€μš”.
03:17
The settlement, spanning some 200,000 square meters
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μ•½ 2μ‹­λ§Œ 평방미터 λ„“μ΄λ‘œ
03:20
and home to as many as 10,000 people,
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만λͺ… 정도 λ˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μƒν™œν–ˆλ˜
03:23
thrived until around 1180 BCE.
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이 κ±°μ£Όμ§€λŠ” 기원전 1180λ…„κ²½κΉŒμ§€ λ²ˆμ„±ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:26
Its position at the southern entrance of the Dardanelles strait
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λ‹€λ₯΄λ‹€λ„¬μŠ€ ν•΄ν˜‘μ˜ 남μͺ½ μž…κ΅¬λΌλŠ” 쒋은 μœ„μΉ˜ 덕뢄에
03:29
would’ve made a formidable strategic location for both defense and trade.
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이 λ„μ‹œλŠ” λ°©μœ„μ™€ 무역에 μžˆμ–΄μ„œ μ „λž΅μ  μš°μœ„λ₯Ό 점할 수 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:34
Most importantly, there are the remains of a massive fortification wall –
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무엇보닀 μ€‘μš”ν•œ 것은 κ±°λŒ€ν•œ λ°©μ–΄λ²½μ˜ μœ μ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:38
perhaps the very same one
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μ•„λ§ˆλ„ 이 성벽이 λ°”λ‘œ ν•œ λ•Œ 프리암과 ν—₯ν† λ₯΄κ°€
03:40
from which Priam and Hector once watched the Greeks approach.
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κ·Έλ¦¬μŠ€μΈλ“€μ˜ 접근을 μ§€μΌœλ³΄μ•˜λ˜ λ°”λ‘œ κ·Έ μ„±λ²½μΌμˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:44
Of course, it’s difficult to be certain
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λ¬Όλ‘ , 이 유적이 μ‹€μ œλ‘œ κ³ λŒ€ 트둜이의 흔적인지λ₯Ό ν™•μ‹ ν•˜κΈ°λŠ” μ–΄λ ΅μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:46
that these ruins are the true remains of ancient Troy,
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03:50
and scholars still dispute
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그리고 μ—¬μ „νžˆ ν•™μžλ“€ μ‚¬μ΄μ—μ„œλ„
03:51
whether the Trojan War as described by Homer ever happened.
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ν˜Έλ©”λ‘œμŠ€κ°€ λ¬˜μ‚¬ν•œ 트둜이 μ „μŸμ΄ μ‹€μ œλ‘œ μΌμ–΄λ‚¬λŠ”μ§€ μ—¬λΆ€λŠ” λ…ΌμŸμ€‘μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:55
Yet the evidence is strong enough
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ 발견된 μ¦κ±°λŠ”
03:57
that UNESCO has labelled HisarlΔ±k the archeological site of Troy.
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μœ λ„€μŠ€μ½”κ°€ νžˆμ‚¬λΌν¬λ₯Όλ₯Ό 트둜이의 κ³ κ³ ν•™ μœ μ μ§€λ‘œ ν‘œκΈ°ν•˜κΈ°μ— μΆ©λΆ„ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:01
Regardless of its identity,
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κ·Έκ²ƒμ˜ 정체와 관계없이
04:03
thanks to persistence,
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λˆκΈ°μ™€
04:04
a bit of faith,
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μ•½κ°„μ˜ 신념
04:05
and a lot of research,
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μ–΄λ§ˆμ–΄λ§ˆν•œ 연ꡬ 덕뢄에
04:07
archaeologists are bringing the long-buried secrets
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κ³ κ³ ν•™μžλ“€μ€ μ˜€λž«λ™μ•ˆ 맀μž₯λ˜μ–΄ 있던 κ³ λŒ€μ˜ 비밀인
04:10
of an ancient, lost city to light.
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사라진 λ„μ‹œκ°€ 빛을 보게 λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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