Why do we sweat? - John Murnan

1,354,691 views ・ 2018-05-15

TED-Ed


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Julia Robert κ²€ν† : InHyuk Song
00:07
The finish line's in sight and you put on an extra burst of speed.
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κ²°μŠΉμ„ μ΄ 보이고 쑰금 더 속도λ₯Ό λ†’μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:12
As your legs pick up the pace, your breathing gets deeper,
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속도λ₯Ό λ‚Όμˆ˜λ‘, ν˜Έν‘μ€ 더 가빠지고
00:15
your heart pounds faster,
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심μž₯ 박동도 빨라지며,
00:17
and sweat pours over your skin.
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ν”ΌλΆ€ μœ„λ‘œ 땀이 μŸμ•„μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:20
How does this substance suddenly materialize
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μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ κ°‘μžκΈ° 이런 물질이 생기고
00:23
and what exactly is its purpose?
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μ •ν™•νžˆ μ–΄λ–€ λͺ©μ μΈ κ±ΈκΉŒμš”?
00:26
There are a number of scenarios that can make us sweat:
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땀을 흘리게 λ˜λŠ” λ§Žμ€ 상황이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:29
eating spicy foods,
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맀운 μŒμ‹μ„ λ¨Ήκ±°λ‚˜,
00:30
nervousness,
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μ΄ˆμ‘°ν•΄ν•˜κ³ ,
00:31
and when we're sick.
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μ•„ν”Œ λ•Œλ„ 땀을 ν˜λ¦½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:33
But exercise is probably the most familiar and common.
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보톡은 μš΄λ™μ΄ κ°€μž₯ μ΅μˆ™ν•˜κ³  ν”ν•œ 원인일 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:37
In that case, sweating happens as a response to movement
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땀을 ν˜λ¦¬λŠ” 것은 세포 κΉŠμˆ™ν•œ κ³³μ—μ„œ μΌμ–΄λ‚˜λŠ”
00:41
triggered deep inside your cells.
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μ›€μ§μž„μ— λŒ€ν•œ λ°˜μ‘μœΌλ‘œ μΌμ–΄λ‚˜κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:43
As you increase your pace, your muscles work harder,
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ 속도λ₯Ό 올리면 κ·Όμœ‘μ€ 더 μ—΄μ‹¬νžˆ μ›€μ§μ΄κ²Œ 되고,
00:47
increasing their demand for energy.
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μ—λ„ˆμ§€κ°€ 많이 ν•„μš”ν•˜κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:49
A process called cellular respiration
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세포 호흑이라고 λΆˆλ¦¬λŠ” 과정은
00:52
consumes glucose and oxygen to form ATP,
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포도당과 μ‚°μ†Œλ₯Ό μ†ŒλΉ„ν•΄μ„œ ATPλ₯Ό κ΅¬μ„±ν•˜λŠ” 것인데
00:56
the energy currency of the cell.
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μ΄λŠ” μ„Έν¬μ˜ μ—λ„ˆμ§€ λ‹¨μœ„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:00
Much of this process takes place in structures called mitochondria.
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이 κ³Όμ •μ˜ λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ€ λ―Έν† μ½˜λ“œλ¦¬μ•„λΌλŠ” κ΅¬μ‘°μ—μ„œ λ°œμƒν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:05
The more you move,
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더 많이 μ›€μ§μΌμˆ˜λ‘,
01:07
the harder mitochondria work to supply your body with energy.
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우리 λͺΈμ— μ—λ„ˆμ§€λ₯Ό κ³΅κΈ‰ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ λ―Έν† μ½˜λ“œλ¦¬μ•„λŠ” 더 μ—΄μ‹¬νžˆ μΌν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:11
All this work comes at a cost, though.
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이 λͺ¨λ“  μΌμ—λŠ” λ¬Όλ‘  λŒ€κ°€κ°€ λ”°λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:14
As the cells break down the ATP, they release heat.
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세포가 ATPλ₯Ό λΆ„ν•΄ν•˜λ©΄ 열을 λ°©μΆœμ‹œν‚΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:18
The heat stimulates temperature sensors throughout your body.
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방좜된 열은 λͺΈ μ „μ²΄μ˜ μ˜¨λ„ μ„Όμ„œλ₯Ό μžκ·Ήν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
κ·Έ μˆ˜μš©μ²΄λŠ” 근윑 세포에 μ˜ν•΄ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ§„ κ³Όλ„ν•œ 열을 κ°μ§€ν•˜κ³ ,
01:23
Those receptors detect the excess heat being produced by your muscle cells
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01:27
and communicate that information to the hypothalamus,
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μ‹œμƒν•˜λΆ€λ‘œ 이 정보λ₯Ό μ „λ‹¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:30
which regulates body temperature.
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μ‹œμƒν•˜λΆ€λŠ” μ²΄μ˜¨μ„ μ‘°μ ˆν•˜λŠ” 기관이죠.
01:32
The hypothalamus responds
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μ‹œμƒν•˜λΆ€κ°€ λ°˜μ‘ν•˜λ©΄
01:34
by sending signals out through the sympathetic nervous system
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ꡐ감 신경계λ₯Ό 톡해 피뢀와 λ•€μƒ˜μœΌλ‘œ
01:37
to the sweat glands in your skin.
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μ‹ ν˜Έλ₯Ό λ‚΄λ³΄λƒ…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:40
These are distributed all over the body
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이것은 λͺΈ 전체에 λΆ„ν¬ν•˜λŠ”λ°
01:42
with especially high concentrations on the palms of your hands,
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특히 λ°€μ§‘λ˜μ–΄ μžˆλŠ” 곳은 손바λ‹₯κ³Ό
01:46
the soles of your feet,
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λ°œλ°”λ‹₯,
01:48
and on your head.
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그리고 λ¨Έλ¦¬μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:50
When a sweat gland first receives the signal,
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λ•€μƒ˜μ΄ 처음 μ‹ ν˜Έλ₯Ό λ°›μœΌλ©΄,
01:52
the fluid surrounding the cells in its coiled base
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돌돌 λ§λ €μžˆλŠ” 곳의 세포λ₯Ό λ‘˜λŸ¬μ‹Ό μœ μ²΄κ°€
01:56
contains high amounts of sodium and chloride.
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λ§Žμ€ μ–‘μ˜ λ‚˜νŠΈλ₯¨κ³Ό 염화물을 ν¬ν•¨ν•˜κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:59
The cells pump these ions into a hollow tube
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그러면 μ„Έν¬λŠ” λ•€μƒ˜μ„ μ§€λ‚˜ μ΄μ˜¨μ„ 쀑곡 κ΄€μœΌλ‘œ νŽŒν”„μ§ˆν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:03
that runs through the sweat gland.
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02:06
Then, because it's saltier inside the tube than outside,
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μ΄λ•Œ 튜브 외뢀보닀 λ‚΄λΆ€κ°€ 더 λœ¨κ±°μ›Œμ§€κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
02:09
water moves into the tube by osmosis.
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μ‚Όνˆ¬ν˜„μƒμœΌλ‘œ 물이 튜브 μ•ˆμœΌλ‘œ λ“€μ–΄κ°‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:13
As what's called the primary secretion builds up in the bottom of the tube,
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튜브 λ°”λ‹₯μ—μ„œλŠ” 일차 뢄비물이라고 λΆˆλ¦¬λŠ” 것이 λ§Œλ“€μ–΄ μ§€λŠ”λ°
02:18
water pressure pushes it up into the long straight part of the duct.
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μˆ˜μ••μ΄ 이것을 κ΄€μ˜ κΈ΄ 직선 λΆ€λΆ„μœΌλ‘œ λ°€μ–΄λ‚΄κ²Œ 되고
02:24
Before it seeps onto the skin,
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그것이 ν”ΌλΆ€ μ†μœΌλ‘œ μŠ€λ©°λ“€κΈ° 전에
02:25
cells lining the tube will reclaim as much salt as possible
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튜브λ₯Ό μ‹Έκ³  μžˆλŠ” μ„Έν¬λŠ” κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ λ§Žμ€ μ†ŒκΈˆμ„ λ˜κ°€μ Έ κ°€μ„œ
02:29
so the process can continue.
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κ·Έ 과정은 계속될 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:32
The water in sweat absorbs your body's heat energy
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땀에 젖은 물은 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„ λͺΈμ˜ μ—΄μ—λ„ˆμ§€λ₯Ό ν‘μˆ˜ν•˜κ³ 
02:35
and then evaporates off of you when it reaches the surface,
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ν‘œλ©΄μ— λ„λ‹¬ν•˜λ©΄ μ¦λ°œν•˜κ²Œ λ˜λŠ”λ°
이둜 인해 μ˜¨λ„κ°€ λ‚΄λ €κ°€κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:39
which in turn lowers your temperature.
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02:43
This process, known as evaporative cooling,
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증발 냉각이라고 μ•Œλ €μ§„ 이 과정은
02:46
was an important adaptation for our ancestors.
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우리 μ‘°μƒλ“€μ—κ²Œ 맀우 μ€‘μš”ν•œ μ μ‘μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:49
This cooling effect isn't only helpful during exercise.
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이 냉각 νš¨κ³ΌλŠ” μš΄λ™ν•  λ•Œλ§Œ 도움이 λ˜λŠ” 것이 μ•„λ‹ˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:53
We sweat in many other scenarios, too.
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λ‹€λ₯Έ μƒν™©μ—μ„œλ„ 땀을 ν˜λ¦½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:56
Eating particularly spicy food makes some people sweat profusely from their faces.
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특히 맀운 μŒμ‹μ„ 먹으면 μ–΄λ–€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ μ–Όκ΅΄μ—μ„œ 땀을 흘리게 λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:02
That happens because spices trigger the same neural response in the brain
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그것은 ν–₯μ‹ λ£Œκ°€ λ‡Œμ—μ„œ 같은 μ‹ κ²½ λ°˜μ‘μ„ μΌμœΌν‚€κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:06
that activates temperature receptors, which usually respond to increased heat.
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μ˜¨λ„ μˆ˜μš©κΈ°κ°€ ν™œμ„±ν™”λ˜κ³ , μ΄λŠ” μ¦κ°€ν•œ 열에 λ°˜μ‘ν•˜κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:12
Sweating is also part of the fight or flight response
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땀을 ν˜λ¦¬λŠ” 것은 μΌμ’…μ˜ 곡격 도피 λ°˜μ‘μœΌλ‘œ
03:15
stimulated by stressful scenarios, like asking someone on a date
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μŠ€νŠΈλ ˆμŠ€κ°€ λ§Žμ€ μƒν™©μ—μ„œλ„ μΌμ–΄λ‚˜λŠ”λ° λˆ„κ΅°κ°€μ—κ²Œ 데이트 신청을 ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜
03:19
or interviewing for a job.
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면접을 λ³Ό λ•Œμ²˜λŸΌμš”.
03:22
This happens because adrenaline stimulates muscle activity
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이것은 μ•„λ“œλ ˆλ‚ λ¦°μ΄ 근윑 ν™œλ™μ„ μžκ·Ήν•˜κ±°λ‚˜
03:25
and causes blood vessels to widen,
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ν˜ˆκ΄€μ„ ν™•μž₯ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— μΌμ–΄λ‚©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:28
two responses that increase heat and trigger the sweating response.
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열을 μ¦κ°€μ‹œν‚€λŠ” 두 가지 λ°˜μ‘μ€ λ°œν•œ λ°˜μ‘μ„ μΌμœΌν‚΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
μ•„ν”Œ λ•Œμ—λ„ 땀을 ν˜λ¦½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:33
And sweating also occurs when we get sick.
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03:36
When we're feverish, we sweat because infections
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열이 λ‚˜λ©΄, 감염이 근윑 ν™œλ™μ„ μ¦κ°€μ‹œν‚€κ³ 
03:39
stimulate the hypothalamus to increase muscle activity,
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μ‹œμƒν•˜λΆ€λ₯Ό ν™œμ„±ν™”μ‹œν‚€κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— 땀이 λ‚˜κ²Œ λ˜λŠ”λ°μš”.
03:43
which in turn releases more energy as heat.
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κ·Έ κ²°κ³Ό, μ—΄λ‘œ 인해 더 λ§Žμ€ μ—λ„ˆμ§€λ₯Ό λ°©μΆœν•˜κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:46
That increases your overall temperature,
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μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ ν•˜λ©΄ 감염성 병원체가 μ‚΄κΈ° 어렡도둝
03:49
a protective mechanism that makes your body less habitable for infectious agents.
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신체 λ°©μ–΄ 기제둜 μ „λ°˜μ μΈ 체온이 μ¦κ°€ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:54
Like with running, sweating helps your body vent that heat.
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λ‹¬λ¦¬κΈ°λ‚˜ 땀을 ν˜λ¦¬λŠ” 것도 λ§ˆμ°¬κ°€μ§€λ‘œ 땀을 λ°°μΆœν•˜λŠ” 것을 λ„μ™€μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:58
When the fever's over or you've won your race,
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열이 λ‚΄λ¦¬κ±°λ‚˜ λ‹¬λ¦¬κΈ°μ—μ„œ μŠΉλ¦¬ν–ˆμ„ λ•Œ
04:00
your temperature receptors sense the decrease in heat
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μ˜¨λ„ μˆ˜μš©μ²΄λŠ” μ—΄μ˜ κ°μ†Œλ₯Ό κ°μ§€ν•˜κ³ 
04:03
and the hypothalamus brings your sweating response to an end.
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μ‹œμƒν•˜λΆ€λŠ” λ°œν•œ λ°˜μ‘μ„ 멈μΆ₯λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:08
In some cases, like after a run,
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달리기가 λλ‚œ ν›„ 같은 κ²½μš°μ—λŠ”
04:10
the hypothalamus also signals to your body
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μ‹œμƒ ν•˜λΆ€λŠ” λͺΈμ— μ‹ ν˜Έλ₯Ό 보내
04:13
that you need to replenish the water that you've oozed out.
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λ°–μœΌλ‘œ 배좜된 물을 λ‹€μ‹œ 보좩해야 ν•œλ‹€κ³  λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:16
So, when you're pushing yourself to reach that next goal,
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λ”°λΌμ„œ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ λ‹€μŒ λͺ©ν‘œλ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ μžμ‹ μ„ λͺ°μ•„뢙일 λ•Œ
04:19
you can think of sweat as your body's very own calibrator,
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땀은 λͺΈμ˜ ꡐ정기가 λ˜μ–΄
04:23
enabling you to go that extra mile.
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μ’€ 더 달릴 수 μžˆλ„λ‘ ν•΄μ€€λ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•˜μ„Έμš”.

Original video on YouTube.com
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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