Will the ocean ever run out of fish? - Ayana Elizabeth Johnson and Jennifer Jacquet

1,550,130 views ・ 2017-08-10

TED-Ed


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Eunyeong Choe κ²€ν† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:07
Fish are in trouble.
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물고기듀이 μœ„ν—˜μ— μ²˜ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:09
The cod population off Canada's East Coast collapsed in the 1990s,
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μΊλ‚˜λ‹€ λ™ν•΄μ•ˆμ˜ λŒ€κ΅¬μ˜ κ°œμ²΄μˆ˜λŠ” 1990λ…„λŒ€μ— κΈ‰κ²©νžˆ κ°μ†Œν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:13
intense recreational and commercial fishing
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κ·Ήμ‹¬ν•œ μ·¨λ―Έ λ‚šμ‹œμ™€ 상업적 어업은
00:16
has decimated goliath grouper populations in South Florida,
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ν”Œλ‘œλ¦¬λ‹€ λ‚¨λΆ€μ˜ 골리앗 μ°Έλ°”λ¦¬μ˜ 개체수λ₯Ό 거의 λ©Έμ’…μ‹œμΌ°κ³ ,
00:20
and most populations of tuna have plummeted by over 50%,
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λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ 참치의 κ°œμ²΄μˆ˜λ„ 50% 이상 κ°μ†Œν–ˆμœΌλ©°,
00:24
with the Southern Atlantic bluefin on the verge of extinction.
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남 λŒ€μ„œμ–‘μ˜ μ°Έλ‹€λž‘μ–΄λŠ” λ©Έμ’… 직전에 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:28
Those are just a couple of many examples.
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이 것듀은λͺ‡ κ°€μ§€μ˜ μ˜ˆμ‹œμΌ λΏμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:30
Overfishing is happening all over the world.
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λ‚¨νšμ€ μ „ μ„Έκ³„μ μœΌλ‘œ μΌμ–΄λ‚˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:33
How did this happen?
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μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 이런 일이 μΌμ–΄λ‚¬μ„κΉŒμš”?
00:34
When some people think of fishing,
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μ–΄λ–€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ 고기작이λ₯Ό 생각할 λ•Œ,
00:36
they imagine relaxing in a boat and patiently reeling in the day's catch.
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λ³΄νŠΈμ—μ„œ νœ΄μ‹μ„ μ·¨ν•˜λ©° 인내심 있게 κ³ κΈ°λ₯Ό λ‚šλŠ” λͺ¨μŠ΅μ„ μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:40
But modern industrial fishing, the kind that stocks our grocery shelves,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ‹λ£Œν’ˆμ μ— 생선을 λ‚©ν’ˆν•˜λŠ” ν˜„λŒ€μ˜ 어업은
00:44
looks more like warfare.
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μ „νˆ¬μ™€ 더 λΉ„μŠ·ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:46
In fact, the technologies they employ were developed for war.
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μ‹€μ œλ‘œ 그듀이 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” κΈ°μˆ μ€ μ „μŸμ˜ λͺ©μ μœΌλ‘œ 개발된 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:50
Radar,
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μ „νŒŒνƒμ§€κΈ°,
00:51
sonar,
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μˆ˜μ€‘ 음파 탐지기,
00:52
helicopters,
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헬리μ½₯ν„°,
00:53
and spotter planes
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그리고 탄착 κ΄€μΈ‘κΈ°λŠ” λͺ¨λ‘
00:54
are all used to guide factory ships towards dwindling schools of fish.
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λͺ¨λ‘ 곡μž₯ 어선이 λ¬Όκ³ κΈ°λ₯Ό μž‘λŠ” 데 μ‚¬μš©λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:58
Long lines with hundreds of hooks or huge nets
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μˆ˜λ§Žμ€ λ‚šμ‹œλ°”λŠ˜λ‘œ 이루어진 κΈ΄ μ€„μ΄λ‚˜ κ±°λŒ€ν•œ 그물은
01:00
round up massive amounts of fish, along with other species,
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λŒ€λŸ‰μ˜ 물고기와 ν•¨κ»˜ λ‹€λ₯Έ λ™λ¬Όλ“€κΉŒμ§€ μ°Ύμ•„λƒ…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:04
like seabirds, turtles, and dolphins.
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λ°”λ‹·μƒˆλ‚˜ 거뢁이, 돌고래 같은 동물듀 말이죠.
01:07
And fish are hauled up onto giant boats,
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λ¬Όκ³ κΈ°λŠ” κ±°λŒ€ν•œ μ„ λ°•μœΌλ‘œ 운반되고,
01:09
complete with onboard flash freezing and processing facilities.
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κΈ°λ‚΄μ˜ μˆœκ°„ 냉동 μž₯μΉ˜μ™€ 가곡 μ‹œμ„€μ— μ˜ν•΄ μž‘μ—…λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:13
All of these technologies have enabled us to catch fish at greater depths
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ κΈ°μˆ λ“€μ€ 더 κΉŠμ€ 곳에 μ‚¬λŠ” λ¬Όκ³ κΈ°λ“€κΉŒμ§€ μž‘μ„ 수 있게 ν•΄μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:17
and farther out at sea than ever before.
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더 λ¨Ό 바닀에 μžˆλŠ” 물고기도 λ§ˆμ°¬κ°€μ§€μ£ .
01:19
And as the distance and depth of fishing have expanded,
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그리고 μ–΄μ—…μ˜ 거리와 κΉŠμ΄κ°€ ν™•λŒ€λ  λ•Œλ§ˆλ‹€,
01:22
so has the variety of species we target.
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더 λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ μ’…μ˜ 물고기듀이 μž‘νž™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:25
For example, the Patagonian toothfish neither sounds nor looks very appetizing.
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예λ₯Ό λ“€λ©΄, λΉ„λ§‰μΉ˜μ–΄λŠ” κ·Έλ‹€μ§€ 식 μš•μ„ λ‹μš°λŠ” μƒκΉ€μƒˆκ°€ μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:30
And fishermen ignored it until the late 1970s.
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어뢀듀도 1970λ…„λŒ€ ν›„λ°˜κΉŒμ§€λŠ” 이 λ¬Όκ³ κΈ°μ—κ²Œ 관심이 μ—†μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:33
Then it was rebranded and marketed to chefs in the U.S. as Chilean sea bass,
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 그것은 미ꡭ의 μš”λ¦¬μ‚¬λ“€μ— μ˜ν•΄ 칠레 λ†μ–΄λ‘œ λ‹€μ‹œ μ£Όλͺ©λ°›κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:37
despite the animal actually being a type of cod.
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이 λ¬Όκ³ κΈ°λŠ” μ‹€μ œλ‘œλŠ” λŒ€κ΅¬μ˜ ν•œ μ’…λ₯˜μž„에도 λΆˆκ΅¬ν•˜κ³ .
01:40
Soon it was popping up in markets all over the world
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κ³§ μ „ 세계 μ‹œμž₯μ—μ„œ μœ ν–‰ν•˜κ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆκ³ ,
01:43
and is now a delicacy.
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μ§€κΈˆμ€ 별미가 λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:45
Unfortunately, these deep water fish don't reproduce
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λΆˆν–‰ν•˜κ²Œλ„ 이 μ‹¬ν•΄μ–΄λŠ”
01:48
until they're at least ten years old,
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적어도 10살이 될 λ•ŒκΉŒμ§€λŠ” λ²ˆμ‹μ„ ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:50
making them extremely vulnerable to overfishing
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이것은 μ•Œμ„ λ‚³μ§€ μ•Šμ€ μ–΄λ¦° κ°œμ²΄λ“€μ΄ 작힐 경우,
01:53
when the young are caught before they've had the chance to spawn.
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그듀을 λ‚¨νšμ— 맀우 μ·¨μ•½ν•˜κ²Œ λ§Œλ“­λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:56
Consumer taste and prices can also have harmful effects.
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μ†ŒλΉ„μžμ˜ μ·¨ν–₯κ³Ό 가격 λ˜ν•œ ν•΄λ‘œμš΄ 영ν–₯을 λΌμΉ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:59
For example, shark fin soup is considered such a delicacy in China and Vietnam
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예λ₯Ό λ“€λ©΄, 상어 μ§€λŠλŸ¬λ―Έ μˆ˜ν”„λŠ” 쀑ꡭ과 λ² νŠΈλ‚¨μ—μ„œ λ³„λ―Έλ‘œ μ—¬κ²¨μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:04
that the fin has become the most profitable part of the shark.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ§€λŠλŸ¬λ―ΈλŠ” μƒμ–΄μ˜ λͺΈ μ€‘μ—μ„œ κ°€μž₯ μˆ˜μ΅μ„±μ΄ 쒋은 뢀뢄이 λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:07
This leads many fishermen to fill their boats with fins
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μ΄λŠ” λ§Žμ€ μ–΄λΆ€λ“€λ‘œ ν•˜μ—¬κΈˆ μˆ˜λ§Žμ€ 상어 μ‹œμ²΄λ“€μ„ λ’€λ‘œν•œ 채
02:10
leaving millions of dead sharks behind.
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κ·Έλ“€μ˜ λ°°λ₯Ό 상어 μ§€λŠλŸ¬λ―Έλ‘œ μ±„μš°κ²Œ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:13
The problems aren't unique to toothfish and sharks.
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이 λ¬Έμ œλŠ” λŒ€κ΅¬μ™€ μƒμ–΄μ—κ²Œλ§Œ νŠΉλ³„ν•œ 것은 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:16
Almost 31% of the world's fish populations are overfished,
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μ „ 세계 λ¬Όκ³ κΈ° 개체 쀑 31%κ°€ λ‚¨νšλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:19
and another 58% are fished at the maximum sustainable level.
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λ‚˜λ¨Έμ§€ 58%λŠ” μ΅œλŒ€ 지속가λŠ₯ν•œ μˆ˜μ€€μ—μ„œ 작히고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:24
Wild fish simply can't reproduce as fast as 7 billion people can eat them.
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야생 물고기듀은 7μ–΅ λͺ…이 λ¨Ήμ–΄λŒ€λŠ” μ†λ„λ§ŒνΌ λΉ λ₯΄κ²Œ λ²ˆμ‹ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:29
Fishing also has impacts on broader ecosystems.
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어업은 더 넓은 μƒνƒœκ³„μ—λ„ 영ν–₯을 λ―ΈμΉ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:32
Wild shrimp are typically caught by dragging nets the size of a football field
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특히 μ•Όμƒμƒˆμš°λŠ” ν’‹λ³Ό κ²½κΈ°μž₯ λ„“μ΄μ˜ 그물에 μ˜ν•΄ μž‘νž™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:35
along the ocean bottom,
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ν•΄μ €λ₯Ό 따라 νŽΌμ³μ§„ 그물은
02:37
disrupting or destroying seafloor habitats.
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그곳의 μ„œμ‹μ§€λ₯Ό λ°©ν•΄ν•˜κ³  νŒŒκ΄΄ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:40
The catch is often as little as 5% shrimp.
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μ–΄νšλ¬Όμ€ μ’…μ’… 단지 5%의 μƒˆμš°λ§Œμ„ ν¬ν•¨ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:43
The rest is by-catch, unwanted animals that are thrown back dead.
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λ‚˜λ¨Έμ§€λŠ” μ‹œμ²΄λ‘œ 바닀에 λ‹€μ‹œ λ˜μ Έμ§€λŠ”, μ˜λ„ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ€ μ–΄νšλ¬Όμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:47
And coastal shrimp farming isn't much better.
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그리고 ν•΄μ•ˆκ°€μ˜ μƒˆμš° 양식도 더 λ‚«μ§€λŠ” μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:50
Mangroves are bulldozed to make room for shrimp farms,
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맹그둜브 λ‚˜λ¬΄λ“€μ€ μƒˆμš° 양식을 μœ„ν•œ 곡간을 λ§Œλ“€κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ λ°€λ € λ‚˜κ°‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:53
robbing coastal communities of storm protection and natural water filtration
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이것은 ν•΄μ•ˆμ£Όλ―Όλ“€λ‘œλΆ€ν„° νƒœν’ 보호물과 μ²œμ—° λ¬Ό ν•„ν„°λ₯Ό λΉΌμ•—λŠ” 것이고,
02:57
and depriving fish of key nursery habitats.
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λ¬Όκ³ κΈ°λ“€λ‘œλΆ€ν„° κ°€μž₯ νŽΈμ•ˆν•œ μ„œμ‹μ§€λ₯Ό λΉΌμ•—λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:00
So what does it look like to give fish a break and let them recover?
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λ¬Όκ³ κΈ°λ“€μ—κ²Œ νœ΄μ‹μ„ μ£Όκ³  νšŒλ³΅ν•  수 있게 ν•˜λŠ” 것은 μ–΄λ–¨κΉŒμš”?
03:04
Protection can take many forms.
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λ³΄ν˜ΈλŠ” λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ 방법을 μ·¨ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:05
In national waters, governments can set limits
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μ˜ν•΄ μ•ˆμ—μ„œ μ •λΆ€λŠ” ν—ˆμš©μΉ˜λ₯Ό μ •ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:08
about how, when, where, and how much fishing occurs,
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μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ, μ–Έμ œ, μ–΄λ””μ—μ„œ, μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ 많이 μž‘μ„ 수 μžˆλŠ”μ§€ 등에 λŒ€ν•΄μ„œ 말이죠.
03:13
with restrictions on certain boats and equipment.
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νŠΉμ • μ„ λ°•κ³Ό μž₯비에 λŒ€ν•œ μ œν•œλ„ λ§ˆμ°¬κ°€μ§€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:15
Harmful practices, such as bottom trawling, can be banned altogether,
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λ°”λ‹₯ 훑기와 같은 μœ ν•΄ν•œ μ–΄μ—…ν–‰μœ„λ“€λ„ ν•¨κ»˜ κΈˆμ§€λ  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:20
and we can establish marine reserves closed to all fishing
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λ˜ν•œ λͺ¨λ“  μ–΄μ—…ν–‰μœ„κ°€ κΈˆμ§€λœ ν•΄μ–‘ λ³΄ν˜Έκ΅¬μ—­λ„ μ„€μ •ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:23
to help ecosystems restore themselves.
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μ΄λŠ” μƒνƒœκ³„κ°€ 슀슀둜 νšŒλ³΅ν•˜λŠ” 것을 λ•μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:26
There's also a role for consumer awareness and boycotts to reduce wasteful practices,
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μ†ŒλΉ„μžμ—κ²Œλ„ 상어 μ§€λŠλŸ¬λ―Έμ™€ 같이 κ³Όλ„ν•œ 어업에 λŒ€ν•΄
03:30
like shark finning,
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μΈμ§€ν•˜κ³  λΆˆλ§€ν•˜λŠ” 역할이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:31
and push fishing industries towards more sustainable practices.
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그리고 지속가λŠ₯ν•œ 어업을 ν•˜λ„λ‘ 기업에 μ΄‰κ΅¬ν•΄μ•Όν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:35
Past interventions have successfully helped depleted fish populations recover.
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과거의 발λͺ…듀은 λ¬Όκ³ κΈ° 개체수λ₯Ό νšŒλ³΅μ‹œν‚€λŠ” 것을 μ„±κ³΅μ μœΌλ‘œ λ„μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:39
There are many solutions.
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λ§Žμ€ 해결책듀이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:41
The best approach for each fishery must be considered based on science,
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μ–΄μž₯을 μœ„ν•œ κ°€μž₯ 쒋은 접근방법은 λ°˜λ“œμ‹œ 과학을 λ°”νƒ•μœΌλ‘œ ν•΄μ•Όν•˜κ³ ,
03:45
respect for the local communities that rely on the ocean,
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바닀에 μ˜μ‘΄ν•˜λŠ” 지역주민듀을 μ‘΄μ€‘ν•˜λŠ” 것이어야 ν•˜λ©°,
03:47
and for fish as wild animals.
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λ¬Όκ³ κΈ°λ“€κ³Ό 야생동물듀을 μœ„ν•˜λŠ” 방법이어야 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:50
And then the rules must be enforced.
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그리고 λ‚˜μ„œ λ°˜λ“œμ‹œ κ·œμ œκ°€ μ‹œν–‰λ˜μ–΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:52
International collaboration is often needed, too,
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ꡭ제적 ν˜‘λ ₯ λ˜ν•œ μ’…μ’… ν•„μš”ν•  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:55
because fish don't care about our borders.
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물고기듀은 ꡭ경을 μ‹ κ²½μ“°μ§€ μ•ŠκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ£ .
03:58
We need to end overfishing.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λ‚¨νšμ„ λ©ˆμΆ”μ–΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:00
Ecosystems,
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μƒνƒœκ³„,
04:01
food security,
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μ‹λŸ‰ μ•ˆλ³΄,
04:02
jobs,
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일자리
04:03
economies,
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04:03
and coastal cultures all depend on it.
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경제,
그리고 ν•΄μ•ˆλ¬Έν™”κ°€ λͺ¨λ‘ 여기에 달렀 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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