The rise and fall of the Kingdom of Man - Andrew McDonald

1,033,708 views ・ 2021-07-22

TED-Ed


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Soohyun Park κ²€ν† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:07
On a small island in the middle of the Irish Sea,
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μ•„μΌλžœλ“œν•΄ μ€‘μ•™μ˜ ν•œ μž‘μ€ μ„¬μ—λŠ”
00:10
fortresses preside over the rugged shores.
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우뚝 μ„  μš”μƒˆλ“€μ΄ ν—˜μ€€ν•œ ν•΄μ•ˆμ„ 따라 λŠ˜μ–΄μ„œ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:13
This unlikely location was the birthplace of a medieval empire
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이 λ†€λΌμš΄ μž₯μ†ŒλŠ” 쀑세 제ꡭ의 λ°œμƒμ§€λ‘œ
00:18
that lasted 200 years, ruled by a dynasty of sea kings.
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해적왕 μ™•μ‘°μ˜ ν†΅μΉ˜λ‘œ 200년을 μ§€μ†ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:23
The first of these kings was Godred Crovan,
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이듀 쀑 첫 번째 μ™• κ³ λ“œλ ˆλ“œ ν¬λ‘œλ°˜μ€ μ•…λͺ… 높은 ꡰ벌둜
00:26
a notorious warlord descended from Irish and Viking rulers.
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μ•„μΌλžœλ“œμ™€ 바이킹 ν†΅μΉ˜μžμ˜ ν›„μ†μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:33
Starting in 1079, Godred consolidated power
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1079λ…„λΆ€ν„° κ³ λ“œλ ˆλ“œλŠ”
00:37
over the Isle of Man and the Hebrides,
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만 섬과 μŠ€μ½”ν‹€λžœλ“œ μ„œμͺ½ ν•΄μ•ˆμ˜ ν—€λΈŒλ¦¬λ””μŠ€ μ œλ„μ—μ„œ ꢌλ ₯을 κ°•ν™”ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:39
a collection of islands off the west coast of Scotland.
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00:42
He seized control of important sea routes between the British Isles,
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κ·ΈλŠ” 영ꡭ μ œλ„μ™€ μŠ€μΉΈλ””λ‚˜λΉ„μ•„, λΆλŒ€μ„œμ–‘ μ‚¬μ΄μ˜
00:46
Scandinavia, and the North Atlantic.
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μ€‘μš”ν•œ 해상 ν†΅λ‘œλ₯Ό μž₯μ•…ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:51
A turbulent period followed Godred’s death,
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κ³ λ“œλ ˆλ“œμ˜ μ‚¬ν›„λŠ” κ²©λ™μ˜ μ‹œκΈ°λ‘œ
00:54
characterised by invasions from Norway and Ireland,
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λ…Έλ₯΄μ›¨μ΄μ™€ μ•„μΌλžœλ“œμ˜ μΉ¨λž΅μ„ λ°›μ•˜κ³ 
00:57
and intense feuding between princes.
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μ™•μžλ“€ κ°„μ˜ 반λͺ©λ„ κ·Ήμ‹¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:00
But his descendants held on to power,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 그의 후손듀은 κ³„μ†ν•΄μ„œ ꢌλ ₯을 μž‘μ•˜κ³ 
01:02
building coastal fortresses, roving the seaways,
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ν•΄μ•ˆμ˜ μš”μƒˆλ₯Ό 짓고, ν•΄λ‘œλ₯Ό νƒν—˜ν•˜λ©°
01:06
throwing themselves into epic battles,
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μž₯λŒ€ν•œ μ „νˆ¬μ— λ›°μ–΄λ“€μ—ˆκ³ 
01:08
and consolidating control over an impressive maritime kingdom.
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ν•΄μ–‘ 왕ꡭ에 λŒ€ν•œ 지배λ₯Ό 곡고히 ν•˜μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:13
The inhabitants of this kingdom had both Gaelic and Norse roots,
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이 μ™•κ΅­μ˜ 주민듀은 κ²ŒμΌμ–΄μ™€ λ…Έλ₯΄λ“œμ–΄ λ‘˜ 닀에 뿌리λ₯Ό 두고 μžˆμ—ˆκ³ 
01:17
and many probably spoke both languages.
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μ•„λ§ˆ λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 두 μ–Έμ–΄ λͺ¨λ‘λ₯Ό ꡬ사할 수 μžˆμ—ˆμ„ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:20
Those on the Isle of Man were known as the Manx people,
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만 μ„¬μ˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ 맨크슀둜,
01:23
while those in the Hebrides were known as Islanders or People of the Isles.
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ν—€λΈŒλ¦¬λ””μŠ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ μ•„μΌλžœλ” λ˜λŠ” μ•„μΌλ‘œ μ•Œλ €μ Έ μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:29
Though we still don’t know for sure how many there were,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κ·Έλ“€μ˜ μˆ˜κ°€ μ–΄λŠ μ •λ„μ˜€λŠ”μ§€ μ •ν™•ν•˜κ²Œ μ•Œ 수 μ—†μ§€λ§Œ
01:32
we do know this relatively small group had an outsize impact on the region.
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이 μž‘μ€ 집단이 이 지역에 큰 영ν–₯을 λΌμ³€λ‹€λŠ” 것은 μ•Œκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:38
Perched on cliffs with sweeping views and safe harbors,
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μ ˆλ²½μ— 자리 μž‘μ€ ν•΄μ•ˆμ˜ μš”μƒˆλŠ” μ•ˆμ „ν•œ 항ꡬ와 넓은 μ‹œμ•Όλ₯Ό ν™•λ³΄ν•˜μ—¬
01:41
seaside fortresses helped the kings control shipping, commerce, and resources.
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왕이 ν•΄μš΄, 상업, μžμ›μ„ ν†΅μ œν•˜λŠ”λ° 도움이 λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:46
The empire commanded vast fleets of Viking-style long ships,
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μ œκ΅­μ€ 바이킹 μŠ€νƒ€μΌμ˜ κΈ΄ ν˜•νƒœμ˜ κ΄‘λŒ€ν•œ ν•¨λŒ€λ₯Ό 거느렸고
01:51
which they used for trading, raiding, and plundering the seas.
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이 ν•¨λŒ€λ‘œ λ°”λ‹€μ—μ„œ 무역, 슡격, μ•½νƒˆμ„ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:56
Observing this prowess, many neighboring rulers sought their aid.
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이 μœ„μš©μ„ λ³Έ λ§Žμ€ 이웃 ν†΅μΉ˜μžλ“€μ΄ 도움을 μ²­ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:01
The brothers Rognvald and Olaf each solved neighbors’ maritime woes:
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λ‘œκ·Έλ°œλ“œμ™€ μ˜¬λΌν”„ ν˜•μ œλŠ” 각자 μ΄μ›ƒλ“€μ˜ ν•΄μƒμ˜ 근심을 ν•΄κ²°ν•΄μ£Όμ—ˆμ£ .
02:06
King Rognvald supplied military assistance to the Scottish king,
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λ‘œκ·Έλ°œλ“œ 왕은 μŠ€μ½”ν‹€λžœλ“œ μ™•μ—κ²Œ ꡰ사적인 지원을 ν•΄μ£Όμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:10
and King Olaf’s forces served as a Coast Guard
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μ˜¬λΌν”„ μ™•μ˜ κ΅°λŒ€λŠ” 영ꡭ의 헨리 3μ„Έμ˜ μš”μ²­μ— 따라
02:14
at the English King Henry III’s requestβ€” for a hefty fee.
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λ‘λ‘‘ν•œ λˆμ„ λ°›κ³  ν•΄μ•ˆ κ²½λΉ„λŒ€ 역할을 ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:19
The sea kings also sparred with their powerful neighbors,
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해적왕듀은 κ°•λ ₯ν•œ 이웃듀과도 κ²¨λ€˜μ§€λ§Œ
02:23
but they had a particularly bitter rivalry with another dynasty in their own isles:
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특히 μžμ‹ λ“€ 섬 λ‚΄μ˜ λ‹€λ₯Έ 왕쑰인 ν—€λΈŒλ¦¬λ””μŠ€μ˜ ν†΅μΉ˜μž κ°€λ¬Έκ³Ό
02:28
a line of rulers in the Hebrides.
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κ°€μž₯ κ·Ήμ‹¬ν•œ 경쟁 관계에 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:31
In the 1150s, a chieftain of this line, Somerled,
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1150λ…„λŒ€μ— 이 κ°€λ¬Έμ˜ μš°λ‘λ¨Έλ¦¬μ˜€λ˜ μ†Œλ¨Έλž˜λ“œλŠ”
02:34
defeated the Manx King, his brother-in-law, in a naval battle
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ν•΄μ „μ—μ„œ μ²˜λ‚¨μΈ 맨 μ„¬μ˜ 왕을 이기고
02:39
and formed a rival Kingdom of the Isles, fracturing the old kingdom.
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μ œλ„μ— 라이벌 왕ꡭ을 κ±΄μ„€ν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ¨ μ˜› 왕ꡭ을 λΆ„μ—΄μ‹œμΌ°μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:44
This began a century-long rivalry between Somerled’s line,
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이것이 ν•΄λ‘œλ₯Ό μž₯μ•…ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄
02:48
who ruled the southern and central Hebrides,
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남μͺ½κ³Ό 쀑앙 ν—€λΈŒλ¦¬λ””μŠ€λ₯Ό ν†΅μΉ˜ν•˜λŠ” μ†Œλ¨Έλž˜λ“œκ°€μ™€
02:51
and the Manx Kings, who ruled the Isle of Man and northern Hebrides,
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맨 섬과 뢁μͺ½ ν—€λΈŒλ¦¬λ””μŠ€λ₯Ό ν†΅μΉ˜ν•˜λŠ” 맨크슀 μ™•κ°€ 사이에
02:55
to control the seaways.
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100년에 걸친 경쟁 κ΄€κ³„μ˜ μ‹œμž‘μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:57
Family feuds often blossomed into bitter civil wars.
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κ°€μ‘± κ°„μ˜ λΆˆν™”λŠ” μ’…μ’… μ‹¬κ°ν•œ λ‚΄μ „μœΌλ‘œ 이어지기도 ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:01
In 1223, King Rognvald sent a letter to his son
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1223λ…„ λ‘œκ·Έλ°œλ“œ 왕은 μ•„λ“€μ—κ²Œ μ„œμ‹ μ„ 보내
03:05
commanding him to murder his uncle Olaf.
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μ‚Όμ΄ŒμΈ μ˜¬λΌν”„λ₯Ό μ‚΄ν•΄ν•˜λΌκ³  λͺ…λ Ήν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:08
When Olaf discovered the plot, he launched a vicious attack on his nephew,
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μ˜¬λΌν”„λŠ” 음λͺ¨λ₯Ό μ•Œμ•„μ±„κ³  λ§Ήλ ¬ν•œ 곡격을 κ°ν–‰ν•˜μ—¬
03:12
blinding and mutilating him.
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쑰카의 λˆˆμ„ λ©€κ²Œ ν•˜κ³  신체λ₯Ό μ ˆλ‹¨ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:15
After Rognvald’s death several years later,
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λ‘œκ·Έλ°œλ“œμ˜ 사후 λͺ‡ λ…„ λ’€
03:17
people realized the letter ordering the attack might have been forged.
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ 곡격을 λͺ…ν•˜λŠ” μ„œμ‹ μ΄ μœ„μ‘°λ˜μ—ˆμ„ μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŒμ„ κΉ¨λ‹¬μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:22
The Manx kings attempted to resolve disagreements at Tynwald,
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만 μ„¬μ˜ 왕은 언덕 μ€‘μ•™μ˜ μ•Όμ™Έ 의회인 ν‹΄μ™ˆλ“œμ—μ„œ
03:26
an open-air parliament centered on a mound,
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의견 차이λ₯Ό ν•΄μ†Œν•˜λ €κ³  ν–ˆμœΌλ©°
03:29
where assemblies ruled on matters of justice and other issues.
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μ΄κ³³μ—μ„œ μ˜νšŒκ°€ μ •μ˜μ™€ λ‹€λ₯Έ λ¬Έμ œλ“€μ— λŒ€ν•΄ νŒκ²°μ„ λ‚΄λ ΈμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:33
Such sites were commonly used in the Viking world
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μž₯μ†ŒλŠ” 지역 λΆ„μŸμ—μ„œλΆ€ν„° μ™•κ³Ό κ΄€λ ¨λœ λ¬Έμ œμ— 이λ₯΄κΈ°κΉŒμ§€
03:36
for resolving anything from local disputes to matters involving kings.
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λͺ¨λ“  문제λ₯Ό ν•΄κ²°ν•˜λŠ”λ° 바이킹 μ„Έκ³„μ—μ„œ ν”νžˆ 이용되던 κ²ƒμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:41
These meetings didn’t always go smoothlyβ€”
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ νšŒμ˜κ°€ 항상 순쑰둭게 μ§„ν–‰λœ 것은 μ•„λ‹ˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:44
sometimes violence erupted,
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λ•Œλ‘œλŠ” 폭λ ₯ μ‚¬νƒœκ°€ λ°œμƒν–ˆκ³ 
03:46
and in 1237, two rival factions squabbled to the point
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1237λ…„μ—λŠ” 두 경쟁 파벌이 의회λ₯Ό ν•΄μ‚°μ‹œν‚¬ μ •λ„λ‘œ
03:50
of breaking up the assembly at Tynwald.
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λ§λ‹€νˆΌμ„ λ²Œμ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:53
The four-tiered mound at Tynwald survives to this day,
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ν‹΄μ™ˆλ“œμ˜ 4단 언덕은 μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚ μ—λ„ 남아 있으며
03:57
and the modern Manx parliament still holds an annual meeting there.
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ν˜„λŒ€μ˜ 만 섬 μ˜νšŒλŠ” μ—¬μ „νžˆ μ΄κ³³μ—μ„œ μ—°λ‘€ 회의λ₯Ό μ—΄κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:02
In 1248, King Harald of Man died in a shipwreck
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1248λ…„ 만의 ν•΄λŸ΄λ“œμ™•μ€ μ‘°λ‚œ 사고λ₯Ό λ‹Ήν•΄ μ£½μ—ˆκ³ 
04:06
and was succeeded by his brother.
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그의 ν˜•μ œκ°€ μ™•μœ„λ₯Ό κ³„μŠΉν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:09
Weeks into the new king’s reign, a rebel knight assassinated him.
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μƒˆ 왕이 ν†΅μΉ˜ν•œ 지 λͺ‡ 주도 λ˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•„ λ°˜λž€κ΅°μ˜ 기사가 κ·Έλ₯Ό μ•”μ‚΄ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:14
His brother Magnus died in 1265 at Castle Rushenβ€” without an heir.
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그의 ν˜•μ œμΈ λ§€κ·Έλˆ„μŠ€λŠ” 1265년에 루쉔 μ„±μ—μ„œ ν›„κ³„μž 없이 μ£½μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:20
According to one scribe, his death marked the day that
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ν•œ 기둝가에 λ”°λ₯΄λ©΄ 그의 μ£½μŒμ€
04:24
β€œkings ceased to reign in Man.”
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β€œμ™•μ΄ λ§Œμ—μ„œμ˜ ν†΅μΉ˜μ— 쒅지뢀λ₯Ό μ°λŠ” λ‚ β€œμ„ μ˜λ―Έν–ˆμœΌλ©°
04:27
Scotland annexed Man and the Isles the next year, in 1266.
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μŠ€μ½”ν‹€λžœλ“œλŠ” λ‹€μŒν•΄μΈ 1266년에 만 섬과 μ œλ„λ₯Ό λ³‘ν•©ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:32
We know about the exploits of the sea kings primarily from a chronicle
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 주둜 만 섬에 μ‚΄μ•˜λ˜ 기독ꡐ인 κΈ°λ‘κ°€μ˜ μ—°λŒ€κΈ°μ™€
04:36
written by Christian scribes living on the Isle of Man,
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μ™•μ˜ 승리λ₯Ό μΆ•ν•˜ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ μ°¬μ†‘μ‹œλ₯Ό 톡해
04:40
and from the praise poems composed to celebrate the kings’ victories.
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ν•΄μ μ™•λ“€μ˜ λ¬΄μš©λ‹΄μ— λŒ€ν•΄ μ•Œκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:44
Today, although the sea kings are long gone,
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μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚  해적왕듀은 사라진지 μ˜€λž˜μ§€λ§Œ
04:48
their presence remains etched onto the landscape.
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κ·Έλ“€μ˜ λ°œμžμ·¨λŠ” μ—¬μ „νžˆ 풍경 속에 μƒˆκ²¨μ Έ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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