The treadmill's dark and twisted past - Conor Heffernan

4,702,437 views ・ 2015-09-22

TED-Ed


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: μ„œμ—° 졜 κ²€ν† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:10
The constant thud underneath your feet,
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λ‹Ήμ‹ μ˜ 발 μ•„λž˜μ— λŠμž„ 없이 μΏ΅ λ–¨μ–΄μ§€λŠ” μ†Œλ¦¬,
00:13
the constrained space,
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λΆ€μžμ—°μŠ€λŸ¬μš΄ 곡간,
00:15
and the monotony of going nowhere fast.
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그리고 빨리 아무 μ„±κ³Όλ₯Ό λͺ» λ³΄λŠ” λ‹¨μ‘°λ‘œμ›€μ΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:19
It feels like hours have gone by, but it's only been eleven minutes,
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λͺ‡ μ‹œκ°„μ΄ μ§€λ‚œ 것 κ°™μ§€λ§Œ 단지 11뢄이 지났을 λΏμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:24
and you wonder,
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ κΆκΈˆν•΄ μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:25
"Why am I torturing myself?
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"μ™œ λ‚˜λŠ” λ‚΄ μžμ‹ μ—κ²Œ 고문을 ν•˜λŠ”κ±ΈκΉŒ?
00:26
This thing has got to be considered a cruel and unusual punishment."
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이건 μž”μΈν•˜κ³  μ΄μƒν•œ λ²ŒμΈκ±°μ•Ό."
00:31
Actually, that's exactly what it is, or was.
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사싀 μ •ν™•νžˆ κ·Έλ ‡κ±°λ‚˜ κ·Έλž¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:35
You see, in the 1800s,
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ„ μ•Œλ‹€μ‹œν”Ό, 1800λ…„λŒ€μ—
00:37
treadmills were created to punish English prisoners.
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λŸ°λ‹λ¨Έμ‹ μ€ 영ꡭ인 μ£„μˆ˜λ“€μ„ μ²˜λ²Œν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ λ§Œλ“€μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:42
At the time, the English prison system was abysmally bad.
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λ‹Ήμ‹œ, 영ꡭ κ΅λ„μ†Œ μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ€ μ§€λ…ν•˜κ²Œ λ‚˜λΉ΄μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:45
Execution and deportation were often the punishments of choice,
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μ‚¬ν˜•κ³Ό ꡭ외좔방은 μ’…μ’… μ„ νƒμ˜ ν˜•λ²Œμ΄μ—ˆκ³ ,
00:50
and those who were locked away faced hours of solitude in filthy cells.
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ μ•„μ£Ό λ”λŸ¬μš΄ κ°λ°©μ—μ„œ κ³ λ…μ˜ μ‹œκ°„μ„ μ§λ©΄ν•œ 채 κ°‡ν˜”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:55
So social movements led by religious groups, philanthropies,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ‚¬νšŒμ μΈ μ›€μ§μž„μ€ 쒅ꡐ적인 집단, μžμ„ ν™œλ™,
00:58
and celebrities, like Charles Dickens,
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그리고 찰슀 λ””ν‚¨μŠ€μ™€ 같은 유λͺ…인사듀을 μ•žμ„Έμ›Œ
01:01
sought to change these dire conditions and help reform the prisoners.
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λŒ€λ‹¨νžˆ μ‹¬κ°ν•œ μƒνƒœλ“€μ„ λ°”κΎΈκ³  μ£„μˆ˜λ“€μ„ κ°œν˜ν•˜λŠ” 것을 λ•κΈ°μœ„ν•΄ μΆ”κ΅¬ν•˜μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:06
When their movement succeeded,
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κ·Έλ“€μ˜ μ›€μ§μž„μ΄ μ„±κ³΅ν–ˆμ„ λ•Œ,
01:08
entire prisons were remodeled and new forms of rehabilitation,
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λͺ¨λ“  κ΅λ„μ†Œλ“€μ΄ κ°œμ‘°λ˜μ—ˆκ³  λŸ°λ‹λ¨Έμ‹ κ³Ό 같은
01:12
such as the treadmill, were introduced.
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μ‚¬νšŒλ³΅κ·€μ˜ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ ν˜•νƒœκ°€ λ„μž…λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:15
Here's how the original version,
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μ΄κ²ƒμ˜ μ›λž˜ ν˜•νƒœλŠ”,
01:17
invented in 1818 by English engineer Sir William Cubitt, worked.
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1818년에 영ꡭ 기술자, μœŒλ¦¬μ—„ 큐빗이 발λͺ…ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:23
Prisoners stepped on 24 spokes of a large paddle wheel.
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μ£„μˆ˜λ“€μ€ κ±°λŒ€ν•œ νŒ¨λ“€ λ°”ν€΄μ˜ 24개의 바퀴살을 발둜 λ°Ÿμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:28
As the wheel turned,
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바퀴가 λŒμ•„κ°ˆ λ•Œ,
01:29
the prisoner was forced to keep stepping up or risk falling off,
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μ£„μˆ˜λŠ” μ•žμœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜κ°€κ±°λ‚˜ μœ„ν—˜μ„ 쀄이기 μœ„ν•΄
01:33
similar to modern stepper machines.
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ν˜„λŒ€μ‹ 발밟기 기계듀과 λΉ„μŠ·ν•œ 것을 κ°•μš”λ°›μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:36
Meanwhile, the rotation made gears pump out water,
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ν•œνŽΈ, νšŒμ „μ€ κΈ°μ–΄κ°€ 물을 νΌλ‚΄κ²Œ λ§Œλ“€κ³ ,
01:40
crush grain,
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곑물을 λΆ„μ‡„ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜,
01:41
or power mills,
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방앗간을 μž‘λ™ν•˜κ²Œν•˜λ©°,
01:43
which is where the name "treadmill" originated.
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μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ "λŸ°λ‹λ¨Έμ‹ "μ΄λΌλŠ” 이름이 μœ λž˜λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:46
These devices were seen as a fantastic way of whipping prisoners into shape,
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μž₯μΉ˜λ“€μ€ μ£„μˆ˜λ“€μ„ μ •μƒν™”ν•˜λŠ” ν™˜μƒμ μΈ λ°©λ²•μœΌλ‘œμ„œ λ³΄μ—¬μ‘Œκ³ ,
01:50
and that added benefit of powering mills
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그것이 방앗간을 μž‘λ™μ‹œμΌœ 이득을 λ”ν•œ 것은
01:53
helped to rebuild a British economy decimated by the Napoleonic Wars.
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λ‚˜ν΄λ ˆμ˜Ή μ „μŸμ— μ˜ν•΄ λŒ€λŸ‰μœΌλ‘œ 죽은 영ꡭ 경제λ₯Ό μž¬κ±΄ν•˜λŠ”λ° 도움이 λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:58
It was a win for all concerned, except the prisoners.
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μ „μŸμ—μ„œ μŠΉλ¦¬ν–ˆμŒμ—λ„ λΆˆκ΅¬ν•˜κ³  μ£„μˆ˜λ“€μ„ μ œμ™Έν•˜κ³  λͺ¨λ‘ κ±±μ •ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:02
It's estimated that, on average,
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ν‰κ· μ μœΌλ‘œ,
02:04
prisoners spent six or so hours a day on treadmills,
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μ£„μˆ˜λ“€μ€ ν•˜λ£¨μ— 6μ‹œκ°„ κ°€λŸ‰μ„ λŸ°λ‹λ¨Έμ‹  μœ„μ—μ„œ λ³΄λ‚΄λŠ”λ°,
02:08
the equivalent of climbing 5,000 to 14,000 feet.
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그것은 1524mμ—μ„œ 4267mλ₯Ό λ“±λ°˜ν•œ 것과 λ™λ“±ν•˜λ‹€κ³  μ—¬κ²¨μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:12
14,000 feet is roughly Mount Everest's halfway point.
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4267mλŠ” λŒ€λž΅ μ—λ² λ ˆμŠ€νŠΈ μ‚°μ˜ 쀑간 지점 μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:17
Imagine doing that five days a week with little food.
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일 주일에 5일 λ™μ•ˆ 적은 μ–‘μ˜ μŒμ‹μ„ 먹으며 κ·Έ 일을 ν•˜λŠ” 것을 상상해 λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
02:21
Cubitt's idea quickly spread across the British Empire and America.
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νλΉ—μ˜ 생각은 λŒ€μ˜μ œκ΅­κ³Ό 아메리카λ₯Ό κ°€λ‘œμ§ˆλŸ¬ λΉ λ₯΄κ²Œ νΌμ Έκ°”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:25
Within a decade of its creation,
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λ§Œλ“€μ–΄ 진지 10년이내에
02:27
over 50 English prisons boasted a treadmill,
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50κ°œκ°€ λ„˜λŠ” 영ꡭ의 감μ˜₯에 λŸ°λ‹λ¨Έμ‹ μ΄ 생겼고
02:30
and America, a similar amount.
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λ―Έκ΅­μ—μ„œλ„ λΉ„μŠ·ν•œ 수 μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:32
Unsurprisingly, the exertion combined with poor nutrition
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λ‹Ήμ—°νžˆ 노동과 μ˜μ–‘κ²°ν•μœΌλ‘œ 인해
02:36
saw many prisoners suffer breakdowns and injuries,
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λ§Žμ€ μ£„μˆ˜λ“€μ΄ νƒˆμ§„κ³Ό 뢀상을 κ²ͺλŠ” 것을 보아도
02:39
not that prison guards seemed to care.
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ꡐ도관은 κ±±μ •ν•˜λŠ” 것 처럼 보이지 μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:42
In 1824, New York prison guard James Hardie credited the device
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1824λ…„, λ‰΄μš• κ΅λ„μ†Œμ˜ 경비인 μ œμž„μŠ€ ν•˜λ””λŠ” μž₯μΉ˜κ°€
02:46
with taming his more boisterous inmates, writing that
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그의 더 λ‚œν­ν•œ 수감자λ₯Ό 길듀일 수 있고,
02:49
the "monotonous steadiness, and not its severity...constitutes its terror,"
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"μž₯치의 ν˜Ήλ…ν•¨μ΄ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ λ³€ν•¨μ—†λŠ” 꾸쀀함이 수감자의 λ‘λ €μ›€μœΌλ‘œ 여겨진닀"
02:55
a quote many still agree with.
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μΈμš©κ΅¬κ°€ λ™μ˜ν•˜λŠ” μ € λ¬Έμž₯을 μ“°λ©΄μ„œ λ―Ώμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:59
And treadmills lasted in England until the late 19th century,
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그리고 λŸ°λ‹λ¨Έμ‹ μ€ 19μ„ΈκΈ° λ§κΉŒμ§€ μ˜κ΅­μ—μ„œ
03:02
when they were banned for being excessively cruel
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그듀은 μ§€λ‚˜μΉ˜κ²Œ μž”ν˜Ήν•œ 것이
03:04
under the Prison's Act of 1898.
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1898λ…„ κ΅λ„μ†Œμ˜ 법 μ•„λž˜μ— κΈˆμ§€λ˜μ—ˆμ„ λ•Œ κΉŒμ§€ μ§€μ†λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:08
But of course the torture device returned with a vengeance,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λ¬Όλ‘  κ³ λ¬Έμž₯μΉ˜λŠ” 맹렬히 λŒμ•„μ™”κ³ ,
03:11
this time targeting the unsuspecting public.
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μ΄λ²ˆμ—λŠ” μ˜μ‹¬ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ” λŒ€μ€‘μ„ λŒ€μƒμœΌλ‘œ μ‚Όμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:15
In 1911, a treadmill patent was registered in the U.S.,
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1911λ…„, λŸ°λ‹λ¨Έμ‹  νŠΉν—ˆκΆŒμ€ λ―Έκ΅­μ—μ„œ λ“±λ‘λ˜μ—ˆκ³ ,
03:20
and by 1952, the forerunner for today's modern treadmill had been created.
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1952λ…„, μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚  ν˜„λŒ€μ˜ λŸ°λ‹λ¨Έμ‹ μ΄ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:26
When the jogging craze hit the U.S. in the 1970s,
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1970λ…„λŒ€ 쑰깅이 λ―Έκ΅­μ—μ„œ λŒ€μœ ν–‰μ΄μ—ˆμ„ λ•Œ
03:29
the treadmill was thrust back into the limelight
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λŸ°λ‹λ¨Έμ‹ μ€ μ„Έμƒμ˜ κ΄€μ‹¬μ˜ λ’€λ‘œ 밀렀났고
03:32
as an easy and convenient way to improve aerobic fitness,
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쉽고 νŽΈλ¦¬ν•œ λ°©λ²•μœΌλ‘œμ„œ μ—μ–΄λ‘œλΉ… ν”ΌνŠΈλ‹ˆμŠ€λ₯Ό κ°œμ„ ν•˜κ³ 
03:36
and lose unwanted pounds,
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μ›μΉ˜ μ•ŠλŠ” λͺΈλ¬΄κ²Œλ₯Ό 쀄이기 μœ„ν•΄
03:38
which, to be fair, it's pretty good at doing.
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그것은 μ λ‹Ήν•˜κ³  ν™œλ™ν•˜κΈ°μ— κ½€ μ’‹μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:41
And the machine has maintained its popularity since.
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그리고 이후 κΈ°κ³„λŠ” 인기λ₯Ό μœ μ§€ν•΄μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:44
So the next time you voluntarily subject yourself to what was once
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λ‹€μŒλ²ˆμ— 당신은 자발적으둜 μžκΈ°μžμ‹ μ„ ν•œλ²ˆ
03:48
a cruel and unusual punishment,
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μž”ν˜Ήν•˜κ³  λ“œλ¬Έ ν˜•λ²Œμ„ λ‹Ήν•˜κ²Œ λ§Œλ“€λ©΄,
03:50
just be glad you can control when you'll hop off.
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당신은 당신이 λ– λ‚˜κ³  싢을 λ•Œλ₯Ό ν†΅μ œν•  수 μžˆλŠ” 것에 감사할 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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