How do focus groups work? - Hector Lanz

896,061 views ・ 2017-04-10

TED-Ed


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: HAST Jieun Kim κ²€ν† : Jungmin Hwang
μ™œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” νŠΉμ • μ œν’ˆμ„ μ‚¬κ±°λ‚˜ νŠΉμ • λΈŒλžœλ“œλ₯Ό κ³ λ₯ΌκΉŒμš”?
00:07
Why do we buy certain products or choose certain brands?
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00:10
This is the sort of question advertisers have always asked,
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광고업계가 늘 κ³ λ―Όν•˜λŠ” λ¬Έμ œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:14
and there are no easy answers.
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해결책을 μ°ΎλŠ” 것이 쉽지 μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:16
However, there is a handy tool that helps companies explore this
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그런데 μ†μ‰½κ²Œ 이와 같은 λ¬Έμ œλ“€μ„
00:20
and similar questions,
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ν•΄κ²°ν•  방법이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:22
and it's called the focus group.
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포컀슀 그룹이라고 ν•˜μ£ .
00:25
Until the 1940s, market research was often quantitative
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1940λ…„λŒ€κΉŒμ§€ μ‹œμž₯μ‘°μ‚¬λŠ” μ •λŸ‰μ‘°μ‚¬μ˜€κ³ 
00:29
using things like sales figures and customer polls to track consumption.
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λ§€μΆœμˆ«μžμ™€ κ³ κ°μ‘°μ‚¬λ‘œ μ†ŒλΉ„λ₯Ό μΆ”μ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 2μ°¨ μ„Έκ³„λŒ€μ „ λ•Œ 방법이 λ°”λ€Œμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:34
But this changed during World War II.
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00:36
Sociologists Robert Merton and Paul Lazarsfeld
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μ‚¬νšŒν•™μž λ‘œλ²„νŠΈ 머튼과 폴 λΌμžμŠ€νŽ λ“œλŠ”
00:40
set out to learn how unprecedented exposure to wartime propaganda
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μ„ λ‘€μ—†λŠ” μ „μ‹œ μ„ μ „μ˜ λ…ΈμΆœμ΄
μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λŒ€μ€‘μ— 영ν–₯을 λΌμΉ˜λŠ”μ§€ μ—°κ΅¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:45
was affecting the public.
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직접적인 μ§ˆλ¬Έλ“€κ³Ό μ •λŸ‰ν™”ν•œ 응닡이 μžˆλŠ”
00:47
Instead of polling large numbers of people
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00:49
with straightforward questions and quantifiable answers,
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λΆˆνŠΉμ •ν•œ λ‹€μˆ˜λ₯Ό μƒλŒ€λ‘œ ν•œ μ—¬λ‘  쑰사 λŒ€μ‹ 
00:52
the researchers conducted in-person interviews,
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연ꡬ진듀이 λŒ€λ©΄ 인터뷰λ₯Ό 톡해 쑰사 κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό μ–»μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
μ–΄λ–€ λ•Œμ—λŠ” μ†Œκ·œλͺ¨ 그룹을 λŒ€μƒμœΌλ‘œ
00:56
sometimes with small groups,
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μ’€ 더 μ—΄λ¦° 토둠을 μ‹œν‚€κΈ°λ„ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:58
engaging them in more open discussions.
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01:00
Later, this method was picked up by the advertising industry
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λ‚˜μ€‘μ— 이 방법을 κ΄‘κ³ μ—…κ³„μ—μ„œ λ°›μ•„ λ“€μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
이떄 도움을 μ€€ μ»¨μ„€ν„΄νŠΈ 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜μΈ
01:04
with the help of consultants,
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01:05
like Austrian-born psychologist Ernest Dichter,
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μ˜€μŠ€νŠΈλ¦¬μ•„ μΆœμ‹  μ‹¬λ¦¬ν•™μž μ–΄λ‹ˆμŠ€νŠΈ λ””νžˆν„°κ°€
01:09
who first coined the term focus group.
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λ§Œλ“  μš©μ–΄κ°€ 포컀슀 κ·Έλ£Ήμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
질적 μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ ν•œ 갈래인 이 μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 방법은
01:12
This new technique was a type of qualitative research
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μ‚¬λžŒμ˜ μ„ ν˜Έλ„μ™€ μƒκ°μ˜ λ³Έμ§ˆμ„ μ—°κ΅¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:15
focused on the nature of people's preferences and thoughts.
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01:19
It couldn't tell marketers what percentage of people buy a certain product or brand,
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이 방식은 μ‹œμž₯ κ²½μ˜μžμ—κ²Œ μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ μ–΄λ–€ λΈŒλžœλ“œλ‚˜ μƒν’ˆμ„ μ‚΄μ§€λŠ” λͺ¨λ₯΄μ§€λ§Œ
01:24
but it could tell them more about the people who do,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ‚¬λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ— λŒ€ν•΄μ„œλŠ” 더 λ§Žμ€ 정보λ₯Ό 캐낼 수 있고,
01:27
their reasoning for doing so,
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이 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μ™œ μ‚¬λŠ”μ§€ 말해주고,
01:29
and even the unconscious motivations behind those reasons.
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심지어 κ·Έ 이유의 λ¬΄μ˜μ‹μ  λ™κΈ°κΉŒμ§€λ„ μ„€λͺ…ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
포컀슀 그룹은, 사업과 판맀의 μ •ν™•ν•œ κ²°λ‘  λ„μΆœ λŒ€μ‹ 
01:33
Rather than providing definite conclusions for business and sales,
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01:36
focus groups would be used for exploratory research,
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ν‘œλ³Έμ΄ 될 수 μžˆλŠ” 집단을 νƒκ΅¬μ˜ λŒ€μƒμœΌλ‘œ μ‚Όκ³ ,
01:40
generating new ideas for products
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μƒν’ˆμ— λŒ€ν•΄ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 아이디어λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€κ³ ,
01:42
and marketing based on deeper understanding of consumer habits.
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μ†ŒλΉ„μžμ˜ μŠ΅μ„±μ— λŒ€ν•œ κΉŠμ€ 이해λ₯Ό λ°”νƒ•μœΌλ‘œ λ§ˆμΌ€νŒ…μ„ ν•  수 있게 ν•΄μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, 초기 μ—°κ΅¬μžλ“€μ€ κ·Έ λ‹Ήμ‹œμ˜ μ—¬λ‘ κ³ΌλŠ” λ‹€λ₯΄κ²Œ
01:47
For example, early focus groups found that contrary to popular opinion at the time,
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01:52
wives often had more influence than their husbands when choosing which car to buy,
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뢀인듀이 λ‚¨νŽΈλ³΄λ‹€ μ°¨λ₯Ό μ‚¬λŠ”λ° 더 큰 영ν–₯을 λ°›λŠ”λ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ•Œμ•„λ‚΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:57
so Chrysler shifted gears by marketing cars directly to women.
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이에 ν¬λΌμ΄μŠ¬λŸ¬λŠ” λ§ˆμΌ€νŒ… μ „λž΅μ„ μ•„μ˜ˆ μ—¬μ„±μ—κ²Œ μ§‘μ€‘μ μœΌλ‘œ λŒ€μƒν™”ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
λ””νžˆν„° κ΅μˆ˜λŠ” 직접 λ§ˆν…”μ„ μœ„ν•΄ 포컀슀 그룹을 ν‘œλ³Έν™”ν•˜μ—¬
02:02
And Dr. Dichter himself conducted focus groups for Mattel
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02:05
to learn what girls wanted in a doll.
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μ†Œλ…€λ“€μ΄ μΈν˜•μ—μ„œ 무엇을 μ›ν•˜λŠ” μ§€ μ•Œμ•„λ‚΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
κ²°κ³ΌλŠ” μ „ν˜•μ μΈ λ°”λΉ„ μΈν˜•μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:09
The result was the original Barbie doll.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 포컀슀 그룹은 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μž‘μš©ν• κΉŒμš”?
02:12
So how does a focus group work?
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첫째, 기업은 6λͺ…μ—μ„œ 10λͺ… μ‚¬μ΄μ˜ μ§€μ›μžλ₯Ό λͺ¨μ§‘ν•˜λŠ”λ°
02:14
First, companies recruit between six and ten participants
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02:18
according to specific criteria that meet their research objectives.
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연ꡬ λͺ©μ μ— λ§žλŠ” ꡬ체적인 ν•­λͺ©μ— λ§Œμ‘±ν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμ΄μ–΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
그듀은 λ‹€μ„―μ—μ„œ 일곱 μžλ…€λ₯Ό λ‘” μ–΄λ¨Έλ‹ˆμΌ μˆ˜λ„ 있고
02:23
They could be mothers of children between five and seven,
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μ‚Ό κ°œμ›” 이내에 μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ ν•Έλ“œν°μ„ μ‚¬λ €λŠ” μ²­μ†Œλ…„μΌ μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:26
or teenagers planning to buy a new phone in the next three months.
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보톡 전문적인 ν—Œν„°λ₯Ό 톡해 λˆμ΄λ‚˜ λ‹€λ₯Έ 것을 λŒ€κ°€λ‘œ
02:30
This is often done through professional recruiters who manage lists of people
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02:34
who've agreed to participate in focus groups for payment or other rewards.
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μ‹€ν—˜μ˜ λŒ€μƒμžκ°€ λ˜κ² λ‹€λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ„ μ„­μ™Έν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:39
During a session, participants are asked to respond to various prompts
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μ‹€ν—˜ 쀑에 μ°Έκ°€μžλ“€μ€ 쑰의 μ€‘μž¬μžκ°€ μ œμ‹œν•˜λŠ”
02:43
from the group moderator,
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λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ 동기에 λŒ€ν•œ μ§ˆλ¬Έλ“€μ— μ‘λ‹΅ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:45
like sharing their opinions on a certain product,
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄ νŠΉμ • μƒν’ˆμ— λŒ€ν•œ μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜
02:47
or their emotional reactions to an advertisement.
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광고에 λŒ€ν•œ 감정적인 λ°˜μ‘μ„ λ¬»λŠ” 것이죠.
02:51
They may even be asked to do seemingly unrelated tasks,
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κ²‰μœΌλ‘œ 보기에 μ—°κ΄€λ˜μ§€ μ•Šμ€ μ§ˆλ¬Έμ—λ„ λ‹΅ν•˜κ²Œ 될 수 μžˆλŠ”λ°,
02:55
like imagining brands as animals in a zoo.
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄ λΈŒλžœλ“œλ₯Ό 동물원에 μžˆλŠ” λ™λ¬Όλ‘œ λ°”κΎΈμ–΄ 생각해 λ³΄λΌλŠ” 것 등이죠.
02:58
The idea is that this can reveal useful information
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이런 μ§ˆλ¬Έλ“€μ€ 전톡적인 λ‹«νžŒ μ§ˆλ¬Έλ“€μ΄ μ•Œμ•„λ‚Ό 수 μ—†λŠ”
03:01
about the participant's feelings
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μ°Έκ°€μžλ“€μ˜ λ¬΄μ˜μ‹μ μΈ
03:03
that traditional questions might not get to.
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감정에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ•Œμ•„λ‚Ό 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:07
Beyond these basics, many variations are possible.
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이런 이둠을 기초둜 λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ λ³€ν˜•μ΄ κ°€λŠ₯ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:10
A focus group may have two or more moderators
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포컀슀 그룹은 두 λͺ…, ν˜Ήμ€ κ·Έ μ΄μƒμ˜ μ€‘μž¬μžλ₯Ό κ°€μ§ˆ μˆ˜λ„ 있고
03:13
perhaps taking opposite sides on a question,
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찬반으둜 λ‚˜λ‰˜μ–΄ λ‹΅ν•˜λΌκ³  ν•  μˆ˜λ„ 있으며
03:16
or a researcher might be hidden in the focus group
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μ—°κ΅¬μžκ°€ 아무도 λͺ¨λ₯΄κ²Œ 포컀슀 그룹에 μž‘μž…ν•˜μ—¬
03:20
unknown to other participants to see how their answers can be influenced.
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λ‹€λ₯Έ μ°Έκ°€μžλ“€μ˜ 닡변에 μ–΄λ–€ 영ν–₯이 끼칠 μ§€ μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³Ό μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:24
And the whole process may also be observed by researchers
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또 이 λͺ¨λ“  과정이
일방ν–₯ 거울 λ’€ μ—°κ΅¬μžλ“€μ— μ˜ν•΄ κ΄€μ°°λ˜κ³  μžˆμ„ μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:28
through a one-way mirror.
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03:30
But although they can provide valuable insight,
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이런 ν™œλ™μ΄ κ·€μ€‘ν•œ 식견을 κ°€μ Έλ‹€ 쀄 수 μžˆμ§€λ§Œ
03:32
focus groups do have their limitations,
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λ™μ‹œμ— 포컀슀 그룹은 ν•œκ³„λ₯Ό κ°–λŠ”λ°
03:35
and one of the main ones is that the simple act of observing something
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κ·Έ 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜λŠ” λˆ„κ΅°κ°€κ°€ 이 상황을
κ΄€μ°°ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 것 μžμ²΄κ°€ μ°Έκ°€μžλ“€μ˜ λ°˜μ‘μ„ λ°”κΏ€ 수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:39
can change it.
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03:40
This principle is called observer interference.
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이 이둠은 κ΄€μ°°μž κ°œμž…μ΄λΌκ³  λΆˆλ¦½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:43
The answers participants give
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μ°Έκ°€μžκ°€ λ‹΅ν•˜λŠ” λ‚΄μš©μ΄
03:45
are likely to be affected by the presence of the researchers,
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μ—°κ΅¬μžμ˜ 쑴재 λ•Œλ¬Έμ— 달라지기 쉽고
03:49
social pressure from the rest of the group,
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κ·Έλ£Ή λ‚΄μ˜ λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ— μ˜ν•΄ 압박을 느끼게 λ˜κ±°λ‚˜
03:51
or simply knowing that they're taking part in a focus group.
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포컀슀 그룹에 μ†ν•΄μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 사싀 자체λ₯Ό μžκ°ν•˜κΈ°λ§Œ 해도 응닡은 λ°”λ€” 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
그리고 μ—°κ΅¬μžλ“€μ€ 보톡 적은 수의 μ‚¬λžŒμ„ ν‘œλ³ΈμœΌλ‘œ μ‚ΌκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
03:55
And because researchers often use a small sample size in a specific setting,
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03:59
it's hard to generalize their results.
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이 κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό μΌλ°˜ν™”ν•  수 μ—†λ‹€λŠ” 것도 단점이 될 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:02
The findings that researchers do reach from focus groups
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μ—°κ΅¬μžλ“€μ΄ 포컀슀 κ·Έλ£ΉλΆ€ν„° μ–»λŠ” κ²°κ³ΌλŠ”
04:05
are often tested through experiments and data gathering.
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λ‹€μ‹œ λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‹€ν—˜μ΄λ‚˜ 더 큰 ν‘œλ³Έ ν•˜μ—μ„œ μ—°κ΅¬λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
그런 μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œλŠ” μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ λ§Žμ€ μ†λ‹˜μ΄ μžˆμ„μ§€,
04:09
Those put numbers on questions like how many potential customers there are
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04:13
and what price they'd be willing to pay.
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그듀이 μ–΄λ–€ 가격을 μ›ν•˜λŠ”μ§€ 등을 μ•Œμ•„λƒ…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
이런 과정듀은 기술이 μ§„ν™”ν•  λ•Œλ§ˆλ‹€ λ³€ν•˜κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:16
This part of the process changes as technology evolves.
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04:20
But focus groups have remained largely the same for decades.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 포컀슀 그룹은 μˆ˜μ‹­ λ…„κ°„ 거의 λ˜‘κ°™μ΄ μœ μ§€λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:23
Perhaps when it comes to the big, important questions,
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ 이런 μ€‘μš”ν•œ, 큰 μ§ˆλ¬Έλ“€μ— λŒ€ν•΄μ„œλŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μ„œλ‘œ ꡐλ₯˜ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒλ§ŒνΌ
04:26
there's no substitute for people genuinely interacting with each other.
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효과적인 것이 μ—†κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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