Why do people have seasonal allergies? - Eleanor Nelsen

537,555 views ・ 2016-05-26

TED-Ed


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Won Jang κ²€ν† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:06
Ah, spring.
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μ•„! 봄이 μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:07
Grass growing, flowers blooming, trees growing new leaves,
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풀듀이 자라고 꽃듀은 λ§Œλ°œν•˜λ©° λ‚˜λ¬΄λ“€μ€ μƒˆ μžŽμ„ ν‹”μ›λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:11
but if you get allergies,
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ λ§Œμ•½ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ μ•ŒλŸ¬μ§€κ°€ μžˆλ‹€λ©΄
00:13
this explosion of new life probably inspires more dread than joy.
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이 μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 생λͺ…μ˜ 탄생이 μ¦κ²κΈ°λ³΄λ‹€λŠ” λ‘λ ΅κ²Œ 느껴질 κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:19
Step outside, and within minutes, you're sneezing and congested.
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λ°–μœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜κ°€λ©΄ λͺ‡λΆ„도 μ•ˆλ˜μ–΄μ„œ μž¬μ±„κΈ°κ°€ μ‹œμž‘λ˜κ³  μ½”κ°€ λ§‰νž™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:23
Your nose is running,
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μ½”μ—μ„œλŠ” 콧물이 흐λ₯΄κ³ 
00:24
your eyes are swollen and watery,
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λˆˆμ€ λΆ€μ–΄μ˜€λ₯΄κ³  눈물이 어리며
00:26
your throat is itchy.
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λͺ©λ„ κ°€λ €μ›Œμ§€μ§€μš”.
00:27
For you and millions of others, it's seasonal allergy time.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ„ ν¬ν•¨ν•œ 수백만 λͺ…μ—κ²Œ μ•ŒλŸ¬μ§€μ˜ κ³„μ ˆμ΄ λŒμ•„μ˜¨ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:32
So what's behind this onslaught of mucus?
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κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄ 이런 콧물의 맹슡 λ’€μ—λŠ” 무엇이 μˆ¨μ–΄μžˆλŠ” κ²ƒμΌκΉŒμš”?
00:35
The answer lies within you.
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κ·Έ 해닡은 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„ μ•ˆμ— μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:38
It's your immune system.
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λ°”λ‘œ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ˜ λ©΄μ—­μ²΄κ³„μ΄μ§€μš”.
00:39
Seasonal allergies, also called hay fever, or allergic rhinitis,
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κ³„μ ˆμ„± μ•ŒλŸ¬μ§€, 꽃가루 μ•ŒλŸ¬μ§€, ν˜Ήμ€ μ•ŒλŸ¬μ§€μ„± 비염이라고도 ν•˜λŠ” 이것은
00:44
are a hypersensitive immune response to something that's not actually harmful.
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μ‹€μ œλ‘œ 해둭지 μ•Šμ€ λŒ€μƒμ— λŒ€ν•œ λ©΄μ—­κ³Όλ―Όλ°˜μ‘μ€‘ ν•˜λ‚˜μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:49
Pollen from trees and grass,
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λ‚˜λ¬΄μ™€ ν’€μ—μ„œ λ‚˜μ˜¨ κ½ƒκ°€λ£¨λ‚˜
00:51
and mold spores from tiny fungi find their way into your mucous membranes
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μž‘μ€ κ· λ₯˜μ—μ„œ λ‚˜μ˜¨ 곰팑이 ν¬μžλ“€μ΄ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ˜ 점막에 λ„λ‹¬ν•˜λ©΄
00:56
and your body attacks these innocuous travelers
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ˜ λͺΈμ€ μ „μ—Όμ„± λ°•ν…Œλ¦¬μ•„λ₯Ό 곡격할 λ•Œ 처럼
00:59
the same way it would infectious bacteria.
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이 μˆœμˆ˜ν•œ μ—¬ν–‰μžλ“€μ€ κ³΅κ²©ν•˜μ§€μš”.
01:02
The immune system has a memory.
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λ©΄μ—­μ²΄κ³„λŠ” 기얡을 ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:04
When a foreign substance gets tagged as threatening,
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μ™ΈλΆ€μ—μ„œ λ“€μ–΄μ˜¨ 물질이 μœ„ν—˜ν•œ κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ μΈμ‹λ˜λ©΄
01:07
white blood cells produce customized antibodies
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λ°±ν˜ˆκ΅¬λ“€μ€ 이 λ¬Όμ§ˆμ— λ§žμΆ”μ–΄μ§„ 항체λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€μ–΄λ‚΄κ³ 
01:10
that will recognize the offender the next time around.
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λ‹€μŒ μΉ¨μž…μ΄ μžˆμ„ λ•Œμ— 이 μΉ¨μž…μžλ₯Ό λ°”λ‘œ μ•Œμ•„μ±Œ 수 μžˆλ„λ‘ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:14
They then promptly recruit the body's defense team.
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그러면 μ‹ μ†ν•˜κ²Œ λ°©μ–΄νŒ€μ„ ꡬ성할 수 μžˆμ§€μš”.
01:17
But sometimes, the immune system accidentally discriminates
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 가끔씩 λ©΄μ—­μ²΄κ³„λŠ”
꽃가루와 같은 λ¬΄ν•΄ν•œ λ¬Όμ§ˆμ„ μ λŒ€μ μœΌλ‘œ μΈμ‹ν•˜κΈ°λ„ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:20
against harmless substances, like pollen.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ λ‹€μŒλ²ˆ 꽃가루가 ν˜λŸ¬λ“€μ–΄μ˜€λ©΄
01:24
When it wafts in again, antibodies on the surface of white blood cells
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백혈ꡬ ν‘œλ©΄μ˜ ν•­μ²΄λŠ” 이λ₯Ό μ•Œμ•„μ²΄κ³  꽃가루λ₯Ό μž‘μ•„μ±•λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:27
recognize it and latch on.
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01:30
This triggers the cell to release inflammatory chemicals,
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이후 λ°±ν˜ˆκ΅¬λŠ” νžˆμŠ€νƒ€λ―Όκ³Ό 같은 염증성 ν™”ν•™λ¬Όμ§ˆμ„ λ°°μΆœν•˜κ³ 
01:33
like histamine,
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01:34
which stimulate nerve cells,
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μ΄λŠ” 신경세포λ₯Ό μžκ·Ήν•˜μ—¬
01:36
and cause blood vessels in the mucous membranes to swell and leak fluid.
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점막에 μžˆλŠ” ν˜ˆκ΄€μ„ νŒ½μ°½μ‹œν‚€λ©° 체앑을 λ°©μΆœν•˜κ²Œ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:41
In other words, itchiness, sneezing, congestion, and a runny nose.
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λ”°λΌμ„œ 가렀움, μž¬μ±„κΈ°, μ½”λ§‰νž˜, 콧물등이 λ°œμƒν•˜μ§€μš”.
01:46
Allergies usually, but not always, show up for the first time during childhood.
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항상 κ·ΈλŸ°κ²ƒμ€ μ•„λ‹ˆμ§€λ§Œ μ•ŒλŸ¬μ§€λŠ” 보톡 어릴 λ•Œ 처음 λ°œμƒν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:52
But why do some people get allergies and others don't?
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그런데 μ™œ μΌλΆ€μ˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€λ§Œ μ•ŒλŸ¬μ§€λ₯Ό κ²ͺμ„κΉŒμš”?
01:55
Allergies tend to run in families, so genetics may be one culprit.
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μ•ŒλŸ¬μ§€λŠ” κ°€μ‘±λ‚΄λ ₯인 κ²½μš°κ°€ λ§ŽμœΌλ‹ˆ μœ μ „μ  νŠΉμ„±μ΄ 원인일 μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:00
In fact, errors in a gene that helps regulate the immune system
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μ‹€μ œλ‘œ 면역체계λ₯Ό ν†΅μ œν•˜λŠ” μœ μ „μžμ—μ„œ λ°œμƒλœ λ¬Έμ œλŠ”
02:03
are associated with higher rates of allergies.
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μ•ŒλŸ¬μ§€ λ°œμƒν™•λ₯ κ³Ό 관련이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:06
The environment you grow up in matters, too.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ μ„±μž₯ν•œ ν™˜κ²½ λ˜ν•œ 영ν–₯을 μ£Όμ§€μš”.
02:09
Being exposed to an allergen as a baby
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어릴 λ•Œ μ•ŒλŸ¬μ§€μ„± λ¬Όμ§ˆμ— λ…ΈμΆœμ΄ 되면
02:12
makes you less likely to actually develop an allergy to it.
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μ‹€μ§ˆμ μœΌλ‘œ κ·Έ λ¬Όμ§ˆμ— μ•ŒλŸ¬μ§€κ°€ 생길 κ°€λŠ₯성이 μ€„μ–΄λ“­λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:15
People who grow up on farms,
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μ‹œκ³¨μ˜ 농μž₯μ΄λ‚˜
02:17
in big families,
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λŒ€κ°€μ‘±
02:18
and in the developing world also tend to have fewer allergies,
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ν˜Ήμ€ κ°œλ°œλ„μƒκ΅­μ—μ„œ μ„±μž₯ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ μ•ŒλŸ¬μ§€κ°€ 적은 κ²½ν–₯이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:22
although there are plenty of exceptions, partly thanks to genetics.
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λ¬Όλ‘  λ•Œλ‘œλŠ” μœ μ „μ μΈ νŠΉμ„± λ•Œλ¬Έμ— μ˜ˆμ™Έκ°€ μžˆκΈ°λ„ ν•˜μ§€μš”.
02:27
One theory is that as children,
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이에 λŒ€ν•œ ν•œ 가지 가섀은
02:29
they encounter more of the microbes and parasites
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어린아이듀이 전톡적인 μˆ˜λ ΅μ±„μ§‘μ‚¬νšŒμ™€ ν•¨κ»˜ μ§„ν™”ν•΄μ˜¨
02:32
that co-evolved with traditional hunter-gatherer societies.
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미생물과 기생좩을 더 많이 μ ‘ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄λΌκ³  μ„€λͺ…ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:36
Called the hygiene hypothesis,
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이λ₯Ό μœ„μƒκ°€μ„±μ΄λΌκ³  λΆ€λ₯΄λŠ”데
02:39
the idea is that when the immune system
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이에 λ”°λ₯΄λ©΄ 면역체계가 일상적인 미생물에 λ…ΈμΆœλ˜μ§€ μ•ŠμœΌλ©΄
02:41
isn't exposed to the familiar cast of microbes,
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02:44
it'll keep itself busy mounting defenses against harmless substances,
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꽃가루와 같은 λ¬΄ν•΄ν•œ λ¬Όμ§ˆμ—λ„ λΆ€μ§€λŸ°νžˆ λ°©μ–΄ν™œλ™μ„ ν•œλ‹€κ³  ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:49
like pollen.
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02:50
Another theory is that an immune system toughened up by a barrage of pathogens
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λ‹€λ₯Έ 가섀에 λ”°λ₯΄λ©΄ μ—¬λŸ¬λ³‘μ›κ· μœΌλ‘œ κ°•ν™”λœ λ©΄μ—­μ²΄κ³„λŠ”
02:55
is less likely to overreact to allergens.
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μ•ŒλŸ¬μ§€ 항원에 κ³Όλ―Όλ°˜μ‘μ„ ν•  ν™•λ₯ μ΄ 적닀고 μ„€λͺ…ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:58
Pollen is a common offender, just because we encounter so much of it,
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μ›Œλ‚™ 많이 λ…ΈμΆœλ˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— 꽃가루가 κ°€μž₯ 일반적인 범인이긴 ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ
03:02
but there's a long list of substances:
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κ·Έ 외에도 λ‹€λ₯Έ λ§Žμ€ 원인듀이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:04
dust,
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먼지
03:05
animal dander,
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λ™λ¬Όμ˜ 비듬
03:06
insect venom,
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곀좩의 독
03:07
medications,
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μ•½λ¬Όλ“€
03:08
certain foods,
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ν˜Ήμ€ νŠΉμ •ν•œ μŒμ‹κ³Ό 같은 것듀이
03:10
that can send your immune system into overdrive.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ˜ 면역체계λ₯Ό ν˜Ήμ‚¬μ‹œν‚¬ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:13
Some of these reactions can be scary.
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이듀에 λŒ€ν•œ λ°˜μ‘ 쀑 λͺ‡ λͺ‡μ€ 맀우 μœ„ν—˜ ν•  μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:15
An allergy can develop into full-blown anaphylaxis,
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μ•ŒλŸ¬μ§€λŠ” κ·Ήλ„μ˜ 과민증으둜 λ³€ν•  μˆ˜λ„ 있고
03:19
which typically brings on severe swelling,
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이런 경우 κ·Ήμ‹¬ν•œ λΆ“κΈ°λ‚˜
03:21
shortness of breath,
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ν˜Έν‘λΆ€μ‘±
03:22
and very low blood pressure.
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ν˜Ήμ€ κ·Ήλ„μ˜ μ €ν˜ˆμ••μ΄ λ™λ°˜λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:24
It can be deadly.
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λ”°λΌμ„œ 생λͺ…을 μ•—μ•„κ°ˆ μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμ§€μš”.
03:26
The body can even have an allergic reaction to itself
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우리의 λͺΈμ€ 심지어 μžκΈ°μžμ‹ μ— λŒ€ν•΄ μ•ŒλŸ¬μ§€ λ°˜μ‘μ„ 보일 μˆ˜λ„ μžˆλŠ”λ°
03:30
causing auto-immune disorders,
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λ‹€λ°œμ„± 경화증, κ²°ν•΅μ„± 피뢀병, 제 1ν˜• 당뇨병과같은
03:32
like multiple sclerosis, lupus, and type 1 diabetes.
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μžκ°€ λ©΄μ—­μž₯μ• κ°€ λ°œμƒν•  μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμ§€μš”.
03:36
But even non-life threatening allergy symptoms can make you miserable,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ μ‹¬κ°ν•œ 정도가 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ ν•˜λ”λΌλ„
μ•ŒλŸ¬μ§€λŠ” μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ„ 괴둭힐 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:41
so what can you do about it?
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κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄ 이λ₯Ό κ·Ήλ³΅ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ 무엇을 ν•  수 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
03:42
Medications can help reduce the symptoms.
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μ•½λ¬ΌμΉ˜λ£ŒλŠ” 증상을 μ™„ν™”μ‹œν‚€λŠ”λ° 도움이 λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:45
The most common ones keep histamines from binding to your cells.
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κ°€μž₯ 일반적인 약물듀은 νžˆμŠ€νƒ€λ―Όμ΄ 세포에 μ ‘κ·Όν•˜λŠ” 것을 λ§‰μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:49
These antihistamines stop the inflammation response.
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이런 ν•­νžˆμŠ€νƒ€λ―Όμ œλ“€μ€ μ—Όμ¦λ°˜μ‘μ„ λ§‰μ•„μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:52
Steroids can help dial down the immune system.
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μŠ€ν…Œλ‘œμ΄λ“œλŠ” 면역체계λ₯Ό μ–΅μ œμ‹œν‚΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:56
Another more permanent option is immunotherapy.
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μ’€ 더 영ꡬ적인 방법은 면역체 μΉ˜λ£Œλ²•μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:59
Deliberate, controlled exposure
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μ˜λ„μ μœΌλ‘œ 양을 μ‘°κΈˆμ”© μ¦κ°€μ‹œν‚€λ©΄μ„œ
04:01
to gradually increasing amounts of an allergen
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μ•ŒλŸ¬μ§€μ›μ— μ μ§„μ μœΌλ‘œ λ…ΈμΆœμ‹œν‚€λ©΄
04:04
can teach the immune system that it isn't dangerous after all.
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λ©΄μ—­μ²΄κ³„μ—κ²Œ κ·Έ 물질이 μœ„ν—˜ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šλ‹€λŠ” 것을 κ°€λ₯΄μΉ  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:09
And if you're really adventurous, there's a less traditional option:
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λ§Œμ•½ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ 정말 λͺ¨ν—˜μ μ΄λΌλ©΄ μ’€ 더 μ°Έμ‹ ν•œ 방법도 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:12
intestinal parasites.
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λ°”λ‘œ μž₯λ‚΄μ˜ κΈ°μƒμΆ©μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:15
When hookworms sink their teeth into the intestinal wall,
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십이지μž₯좩듀은 μœ„μž₯벽에 이빨을 λ°•μœΌλ©΄μ„œ
04:18
they secrete chemicals that blunt the immune system.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ˜ 면역체계λ₯Ό λ¬΄λ””κ²Œν•˜λŠ” ν™”ν•™λ¬Όμ§ˆμ„ λΆ„λΉ„ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:21
Some studies suggest that hookworms can treat allergies,
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λͺ‡ λͺ‡ 연ꡬ듀은 십이지μž₯좩이 μ•ŒλŸ¬μ§€λ₯Ό μΉ˜λ£Œν•  수 μžˆλ‹€κ³  ν•˜λŠ”λ°
04:26
which may be another reason
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이것이 λ°”λ‘œ 십이지μž₯좩이 ν”μΉ˜ μ•Šμ€ μ‚°μ—…ν™”λœ λ‚˜λΌλ“€μ—μ„œ
04:27
allergies are more common in industrialized countries
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04:30
where hookworms are few and far between.
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μ•ŒλŸ¬μ§€κ°€ 더 많이 λ°œμƒν•˜λŠ” 또 λ‹€λ₯Έ μ΄μœ μΌμ§€λ„ λͺ¨λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:34
Of course, you can always just wait your seasonal allergies out.
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λ¬Όλ‘  이 κ³„μ ˆμ„± μ•ŒλŸ¬μ§€κ°€ μ‚¬λΌμ§€κΈ°λ§Œμ„ 기닀릴 μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:37
The spring pollen onslaught dwindles by mid-summer,
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λ΄„μ²  κ½ƒκ°€λ£¨μ˜ 맹곡은 ν•œμ—¬λ¦„μ΄ 되면 점점 μž¦μ•„λ“€ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:41
just in time for ragweed season.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 이제 κ΅­ν™”κ³Ό κ½ƒκ°€λ£¨μ˜ κ³„μ ˆμ΄ μ‹œμž‘λ˜κ² μ§€μš”.
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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