Aphasia: The disorder that makes you lose your words - Susan Wortman-Jutt

1,470,641 views

2016-09-15 ・ TED-Ed


New videos

Aphasia: The disorder that makes you lose your words - Susan Wortman-Jutt

1,470,641 views ・ 2016-09-15

TED-Ed


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: μ’…κ±Έ ν•œ κ²€ν† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:07
Language is an essential part of our lives that we often take for granted.
0
7433
4577
μ–Έμ–΄λŠ” μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ’…μ’… λ‹Ήμ—°μ‹œν•˜λŠ” 우리 μ‚Άμ—μ„œ 정말 μ€‘μš”ν•œ μΌλΆ€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:12
With it, we can communicate our thoughts and feelings,
1
12010
3379
μ–Έμ–΄λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬, μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μžμ‹ μ˜ 생각과 λŠλ‚Œμ„ μ „λ‹¬ν•˜κ³ 
00:15
lose ourselves in novels,
2
15389
1981
μ†Œμ„€μ†μœΌλ‘œ 빠져듀기도 ν•˜λ©°
00:17
send text messages,
3
17370
1568
λ¬Έμžλ©”μ„Έμ§€λ₯Ό 보내고
00:18
and greet friends.
4
18938
2186
μΉœκ΅¬λ“€μ—κ²Œ μΈμ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:21
It's hard to imagine being unable to turn thoughts into words.
5
21124
4344
생각을 말둜 바꾸지 λͺ»ν•˜λŠ” 것은 μƒμƒνžˆκΈ° νž˜λ“­λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:25
But if the delicate web of language networks in your brain
6
25468
3836
ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λ‹Ήμ‹ μ˜ λ‡Œ 속 μ„¬μ„Έν•œ μ–Έμ–΄μ˜ 망이
00:29
became disrupted by stroke, illness, or trauma,
7
29304
4252
λ‡Œμ‘Έμ¦, 병 ν˜Ήμ€ 트라우마둜 λΆ„μ—΄λœλ‹€λ©΄
00:33
you could find yourself truly at a loss for words.
8
33556
3928
μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ μ •λ§λ‘œ 말문이 λ§‰νž 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:37
This disorder, called aphasia, can impair all aspects of communication.
9
37484
6021
싀어증이라고 ν•˜λŠ” 이 μž₯μ• λŠ” μ˜μ‚¬μ†Œν†΅μ˜ λͺ¨λ“  면을 μ•½ν™”μ‹œν‚΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:43
People who have aphasia remain as intelligent as ever.
10
43505
3530
싀어증을 κ²ͺλŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜ 지λŠ₯은 κ·ΈλŒ€λ‘œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:47
They know what they want to say,
11
47035
1950
본인이 무엇을 λ§ν•˜κ³  싢은지 μ•Œκ³  μžˆμ§€λ§Œ
00:48
but can't always get their words to come out correctly.
12
48985
3261
항상 μ •ν™•ν•˜κ²Œ 말을 ν•˜λŠ” 건 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:52
They may unintentionally use substitutions called paraphasias,
13
52246
4313
이듀은 μ˜λ„μΉ˜ μ•Šκ²Œ λ‹€λ₯Έ 말을 ν•˜λŠ”λ° 이λ₯Ό '착어증'이라 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€,
00:56
switching related words, like saying "dog" for "cat,"
14
56559
3125
"개"λ₯Ό "고양이"둜 λ§ν•˜λŠ” 것과 같이 κ΄€λ ¨λœ λ‹¨μ–΄λ‘œ λ°”κΎΈκ±°λ‚˜
00:59
or words that sound similar, such as "house" for "horse."
15
59684
6371
"ν•˜μš°μŠ€"λ₯Ό "호슀"둜 λ§ν•˜λ“― 발음이 μœ μ‚¬ν•œ λ‹¨μ–΄λ‘œ λ°”κΏ” λ§ν•˜μ£ .
01:06
Sometimes, their words may even be unrecognizable.
16
66055
3199
λ•Œλ‘ , μ‹€μ–΄μ¦ν™˜μžμ˜ 말은 μ΄ν•΄ν•˜κΈ° μ–΄λ €μšΈ λ•Œλ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:09
There are several types of aphasia grouped into two categories:
17
69254
4741
이처럼 μ—¬λŸ¬ μ’…λ₯˜μ˜ 싀어증은 두 개의 λ²”μ£Όλ‘œ λ‚˜λˆŒ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:13
fluent, or receptive, aphasia
18
73995
2330
달변 싀어증, ν˜Ήμ€ μˆ˜μš©μ‹€μ–΄μ¦κ³Ό
01:16
and non-fluent, or expressive, aphasia.
19
76325
3641
μœ μ°½ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ€ 싀어증, λ‹€μ‹œ 말해, ν‘œν˜„μ‹€μ–΄μ¦μ΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:19
People with fluent aphasia may have normal vocal inflection
20
79966
3810
달변 μ‹€μ–΄μ¦μ˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ 일반적인 얡양을 κ°€μ§ˆμ§„ λͺ°λΌλ„
01:23
but use words that lack meaning.
21
83776
2681
μ˜λ―Έμ—†λŠ” 말을 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:26
They have difficulty comprehending the speech of others
22
86457
3069
그듀은 λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜ 말을 μ΄ν•΄ν•˜κΈ° νž˜λ“€μ–΄ν•˜λ©°
01:29
and are frequently unable to recognize their own speech errors.
23
89526
4009
μ’…μ’… μžμ‹ μ΄ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 잘λͺ» λ§ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ”μ§€ μΈμ‹ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:33
People with non-fluent aphasia, on the other hand,
24
93535
2770
반면, μœ μ°½ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ€ 싀어증을 κ²ͺλŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€
01:36
may have good comprehension
25
96305
1901
말은 잘 이해할 진 λͺ°λΌλ„
01:38
but will experience long hesitations between words and make grammatical errors.
26
98206
5161
단어선택에 였랜 고민을 ν•  것이며 문법적인 였λ₯˜λ„ μΌμœΌν‚¬ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:43
We all have that tip-of-the-tongue feeling from time to time
27
103367
3240
단어가 생각이 μ•ˆλ‚  λ•Œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ΄λ”°κΈˆμ”©
01:46
when we can't think of a word,
28
106607
1881
말이 ν˜€λμ—μ„œ λ„λŠ” ν˜„μƒμ„ λŠκ»΄λ΄€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:48
but having aphasia can make it hard to name simple, everyday objects.
29
108488
4330
ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 싀어증은 κ°„λ‹¨ν•œ μΌμƒμš©ν’ˆλ“€λ„ λ§ν•˜κΈ° νž˜λ“€κ²Œ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:52
Even reading and writing can be difficult and frustrating.
30
112818
3700
읽기와 μ“°κΈ° μ‘°μ°¨ μ–΄λ €μšΈ 수 있으며 μ§œμ¦λ‚  수 있죠.
01:56
So how does this language loss happen?
31
116518
2790
κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 이런 증상이 λ°œμƒν•˜λŠ” κ±ΈκΉŒμš”?
01:59
The human brain has two hemispheres.
32
119308
2499
μΈκ°„μ˜ λ‘λ‡ŒλŠ” 두 개의 반ꡬ둜 μ΄λ€„μ ΈμžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:01
In most people, the left hemisphere governs language.
33
121807
3760
λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜ μ’Œλ‡ŒλŠ” μ–Έμ–΄λ₯Ό λ‹΄λ‹Ήν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:05
We know this because in 1861,
34
125567
2411
μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 이 사싀을 1861λ…„ λ‚΄κ³Όμ˜μ‚¬μΈ 폴 λΈŒλ‘œμΉ΄κ°€
02:07
the physician Paul Broca studied a patient
35
127978
2699
μœ μΌν•˜κ²Œ "tan" μ΄λΌλŠ” λ‹¨μ–΄λ§Œμ„
02:10
who lost the ability to use all but a single word, "tan."
36
130677
4829
μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•˜λŠ” ν™˜μžλ₯Ό μ—°κ΅¬ν•œ 것 덕뢄에 μ•Œκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:15
During a postmortem study of that patient's brain,
37
135506
2492
κ·Έ ν™˜μžκ°€ 죽은 λ’€ μ‹€μ‹œλœ μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œ
02:17
Broca discovered a large lesion in the left hemisphere
38
137998
3340
λΈŒλ‘œμΉ΄λŠ” ν™˜μžμ˜ μ’Œλ‡Œμ—μ„œ
02:21
now known as Broca's area.
39
141338
2389
μ΄μ œλŠ” '브둜카 μ˜μ—­' 둜 μ•Œλ €μ§„ μ»€λ‹€λž€ λ³‘μ†Œλ₯Ό λ°œκ²¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:23
Scientists today believe that Broca's area is responsible in part for naming objects
40
143727
4431
μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚ μ˜ κ³Όν•™μžλ“€μ€ 브둜카 μ˜μ—­μ΄ 물체λ₯Ό λͺ…λͺ…ν•˜κ³ 
02:28
and coordinating the muscles involved in speech.
41
148158
2920
μ–Έμ–΄λŠ₯λ ₯κ³Ό κ΄€λ ¨λœ κ·Όμœ‘μ„ μ‘°μ ˆν•˜λŠ”λ° κ΄€μ—¬ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€κ³  λ―ΏμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:31
Behind Broca's area is Wernicke's area near the auditory cortex.
42
151078
4800
브둜카 μ˜μ—­ λ’€ 청각 ν”Όμ§ˆ κ·Όμ²˜μ—” 'λ² λ₯΄λ‹ˆμΌ€ μ˜μ—­'이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:35
That's where the brain attaches meaning to speech sounds.
43
155878
3130
λ‡Œκ°€ λ‹¨μ–΄μ˜ 의미λ₯Ό μŒμ„±μ— λΆ™μ΄λŠ” 뢀뢄이죠.
02:39
Damage to Wernicke's area impairs the brain's ability to comprehend language.
44
159008
4330
λ² λ₯΄λ‹ˆμΌ€μ˜μ—­μ˜ 손상은 μ–Έμ–΄λ₯Ό μ΄ν•΄ν•˜λŠ” λ‡Œμ˜ λŠ₯λ ₯을 μ•½ν™”μ‹œν‚΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:43
Aphasia is caused by injury to one or both of these specialized language areas.
45
163338
5151
싀어증은 μ–Έμ–΄λ₯Ό μ „λ‹΄ν•˜λŠ” 이 μ˜μ—­ 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜ ν˜Ήμ€ λͺ¨λ‘κ°€ 손상될 λ•Œ μƒκΉλ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:48
Fortunately, there are other areas of the brain
46
168489
2340
λ‹€ν–‰νžˆλ„, 우리 λ‡Œμ—λŠ”
02:50
which support these language centers
47
170829
1950
이 μ˜μ—­λ“€μ„ 도와주고
02:52
and can assist with communication.
48
172779
2439
λŒ€ν™”ν•˜λŠ” 것을 도와쀄 수 μžˆλŠ” λ‹€λ₯Έ μ˜μ—­λ“€μ΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:55
Even brain areas that control movement are connected to language.
49
175218
3860
심지어 μ›€μ§μž„ μ œμ–΄ν•˜λŠ” λ‡Œμ˜μ—­λ“€λ„ 언어와 연결이 λ˜μ–΄μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:59
FMRI studies found that when we hear action words, like "run" or "dance,"
50
179078
5400
κΈ°λŠ₯적자기곡λͺ…μ˜μƒ(FMRI) 연ꡬ듀은 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ "달리기" ν˜Ήμ€ "μΆ€" 과같은
03:04
parts of the brain responsible for movement light up
51
184478
3122
단어듀을 λ“€μ—ˆμ„ λ•Œ, 이에 λ°˜μ‘ν•˜μ—¬ λ‡Œμ˜ μΌλΆ€μ—μ„œ
03:07
as if the body was actually running or dancing.
52
187600
3369
μ‹€μ œλ‘œ λͺΈμ΄ λ‹¬λ¦¬κ±°λ‚˜ μΆ€ 좔듯이 빛이 λ‚˜λŠ” 것을 λ°œκ²¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:10
Our other hemisphere contributes to language, too,
53
190969
2960
μš°λ‡Œ μ—­μ‹œ μ˜μ‚¬μ†Œν†΅μ„ λ„μ™€μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€,
03:13
enhancing the rhythm and intonation of our speech.
54
193929
3440
말할 λ•Œμ˜ 리듬과 얡양을 ν–₯μƒμ‹œμΌœμ£Όμ£ .
03:17
These non-language areas sometimes assist people with aphasia
55
197369
3730
μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ μ˜μ‚¬μ†Œν†΅κ³Ό κ΄€λ ¨μ—†λŠ” μ˜μ—­λ“€μ€ μ’…μ’… λŒ€ν™”μ—μ„œ 어렀움을 κ²ͺλŠ”
03:21
when communication is difficult.
56
201099
2370
μ‹€μ–΄μ¦μ˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ„ λ„μ™€μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:23
So how common is aphasia?
57
203469
2199
κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄ 싀어증은 μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ ν”ν• κΉŒμš”?
03:25
Approximately 1 million people in the U.S. alone have it,
58
205668
3245
λŒ€λž΅ λ―Έκ΅­μ—μ„œλ§Œ 100만λͺ…μ˜ 싀어증 ν™˜μžκ°€ 있으며
03:28
with an estimated 80,000 new cases per year.
59
208913
3617
맀년 8만 건의 μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 사둀듀이 발견되고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:32
About one-third of stroke survivors suffer from aphasia
60
212530
3139
λ‡Œμ‘Έμ€‘μ„ κ·Ήλ³΅ν•œ 이듀 쀑 3λΆ„μ˜ 1이 싀어증을 κ²ͺμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:35
making it more prevalent than Parkinson's disease
61
215669
2591
μ΄λŠ” νŒŒν‚¨μŠ¨λ³‘μ΄λ‚˜
03:38
or multiple sclerosis,
62
218260
1920
아직 많이 μ•Œλ €μ Έ μžˆμ§€ μ•Šμ€
03:40
yet less widely known.
63
220180
2289
λ‹€λ°œμ„± 경화증 보닀도 더 ν”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:42
There is one rare form of aphasia called primary progressive aphasia, or PPA,
64
222469
5411
'1μ°¨ 진행성 싀어증' ν˜Ήμ€ PPA둜 μ•Œλ €μ§„ λ“œλ¬Έ ν˜•νƒœμ˜ 싀어증이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:47
which is not caused by stroke or brain injury,
65
227880
2891
μ΄λŠ” λ‡Œμ‘Έμ¦μ΄λ‚˜ λ‡Œ λΆ€μƒμœΌλ‘œ λ°œμƒν•˜λŠ” 것이 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
03:50
but is actually a form of dementia
66
230771
2438
치맀의 ν•œ ν˜•νƒœμ΄λ©°
03:53
in which language loss is the first symptom.
67
233209
2852
μ‹€μ–΄μ¦μ˜ 첫 번째 증상이죠.
03:56
The goal in treating PPA is to maintain language function for as long as possible
68
236061
5171
PPA 치료의 λͺ©μ μ€ μΉ˜λ§€μ¦μƒμ΄ μ‹€μ œλ‘œ λ°œμƒν•˜κΈ° 전에
04:01
before other symptoms of dementia eventually occur.
69
241232
3328
κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ 였래 μ˜μ‚¬ κΈ°λŠ₯을 μœ μ§€ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:04
However, when aphasia is acquired from a stroke or brain trauma,
70
244560
3770
ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ, 싀어증이 λ‡Œμ‘Έμ¦μ΄λ‚˜ λ‡Œ μ™ΈμƒμœΌλ‘œ λ°œμƒν•œλ‹€λ©΄
04:08
language improvement may be achieved through speech therapy.
71
248330
3711
λŒ€ν™” μš”λ²•μ„ 톡해 μ–Έμ–΄λŠ₯λ ₯을 ν–₯상할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:12
Our brain's ability to repair itself, known as brain plasticity,
72
252041
3870
'λ‡Œ κ°€μ†Œμ„±' 은 우리 λ‡Œκ°€ 슀슀둜λ₯Ό μΉ˜μœ ν•˜λŠ” λŠ₯λ ₯μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:15
permits areas surrounding a brain lesion
73
255911
2569
μ΄λŠ” λ‡Œμ˜ λ³‘μ†Œ μ£Όλ³€ μ˜μ—­λ“€μ΄ νšŒλ³΅ν•˜λŠ” 도쀑에
04:18
to take over some functions during the recovery process.
74
258480
3514
λͺ‡λͺ‡ 역할듀을 λŒ€μ‹  μˆ˜ν–‰ν•˜λ„λ‘ ν•˜λŠ” 것이죠.
04:21
Scientists have been conducting experiments using new forms of technology,
75
261994
4411
ν•™μžλ“€μ€ λ‡Œμ‘Έμ€‘ ν™˜μžμ˜ λ‡Œ κ°€μ†Œμ„±μ„ 촉진할 수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” λ―ΏμŒμ„ 가지며
04:26
which they believe may encourage brain plasticity in people with aphasia.
76
266405
4935
μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ ν˜•νƒœμ˜ 기술의 μ‹€ν—˜λ“€μ„ μ§„ν–‰ν•΄μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€,
04:31
Meanwhile, many people with aphasia remain isolated,
77
271340
3914
반면 싀어증을 κ²ͺλŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ μ—¬μ „νžˆ μ™Έλ‘œμ΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€,
04:35
afraid that others won't understand them or give them extra time to speak.
78
275254
4687
λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μžμ‹ μ„ μ΄ν•΄ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜ 말할 μ‹œκ°„μ„ 주지 μ•Šμ„κΉŒ λ‘λ €μ›Œν•˜κ³ μžˆμ£ 
04:39
By offering them the time and flexibility to communicate in whatever way they can,
79
279941
4370
κ·Έλ“€μ—κ²Œ μ–΄λ–€ 방식이든 λŒ€ν™”λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ μ‹œκ°„κ³Ό μœ μ—°μ„±μ„ μ œκ³΅ν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ¨
04:44
you can help open the door to language again,
80
284311
2794
μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ μ‹€μ–΄μ¦μ΄λž€ ν•œκ³„λ₯Ό λ„˜μ–΄μ„œ
04:47
moving beyond the limitations of aphasia.
81
287105
2929
λŒ€ν™”μ˜ 문을 λ‹€μ‹œ 열도둝 도와 쀄 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7