Why is being scared so fun? - Margee Kerr

1,798,001 views ใƒป 2016-04-21

TED-Ed


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚

็ฟป่จณ: Keiko Marutani ๆ กๆญฃ: Tomoyuki Suzuki
00:07
Somewhere right now, people are lining up to scare themselves,
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ไปŠใ“ใฎ็žฌ้–“ใซใ‚‚ๆ€–ใ„ไฝ“้จ“ใ‚’ใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจ ใฉใ“ใ‹ใง่กŒๅˆ—ใŒใงใใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
00:11
maybe with a thrill ride or horror movie.
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ใ‚นใƒชใƒซใ„ใฃใฑใ„ใฎใ‚ธใ‚งใƒƒใƒˆใ‚ณใƒผใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผใ‹ ใƒ›ใƒฉใƒผๆ˜ ็”ปใ‚’่ฆณใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
00:14
In fact, in October of 2015 alone,
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ๅฎŸ้š› 2015ๅนด10ๆœˆใ ใ‘ใงใ‚‚
00:17
about 28 million people visited a haunted house in the U.S.
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็ฑณๅ›ฝใงใฏ็ด„2,800ไธ‡ไบบใŒ ใŠๅŒ–ใ‘ๅฑ‹ๆ•ทใ‚’่จชใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™
00:23
But many consider this behavior perplexing,
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ๅคšใใฎไบบใฏใ“ใฎ่กŒๅ‹•ใ‚’ ไธๅฏๆ€่ญฐใซๆ€ใ„
00:25
asking the question,
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ใ“ใ‚“ใช่ณชๅ•ใ‚’ๆŠ•ใ’ใ‹ใ‘ใพใ™
00:26
"What could possibly be fun about being scared?"
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ๆ€–ใ„ใ“ใจใฎ ใฉใ“ใŒใ„ใฃใŸใ„ๆฅฝใ—ใ„ใฎ๏ผŸ
00:31
Fear has a bad rap, but it's not all bad.
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ๆๆ€–ใซใฏๆ‚ช่ฉ•ใŒใคใใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใŒ ๆ‚ชใ„ใ“ใจใ ใ‘ใงใ‚‚ใชใ•ใใ†ใงใ™
00:34
For starters, fear can actually feel pretty good.
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ใพใšใ„ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏ ๆๆ€–ใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏๆฐ—ๆŒใกใฎใ„ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™
00:38
When a threat triggers our fight or flight response,
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ใ€Œ้—˜ไบ‰ใƒป้€ƒ่ตฐๅๅฟœใ€ใŒๅ–š่ตทใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใจใ
00:40
our bodies prepare for danger
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็ง้”ใฎ่บซไฝ“ใฏ
00:43
by releasing chemicals that change how our brains and bodies function.
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่„ณใจ่บซไฝ“ๅ…จไฝ“ใธใฎไฝœ็”จใ‚’ๅค‰ใˆใ‚‹ๅŒ–ๅญฆ็‰ฉ่ณชใ‚’ ๆ”พๅ‡บใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆๅฑ้™บใซๅ‚™ใˆใพใ™
00:48
This automatic response jumpstarts systems that can aid in survival.
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ใ“ใฎ่‡ชๅพ‹็ฅž็ตŒใฎๅๅฟœใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆ ็”Ÿๅญ˜ใซ้–ขใ‚ใ‚‹ไป•็ต„ใฟใŒ็žฌๆ™‚ใซ็™บๅ‹•ใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™
00:52
They do this by making sure we have enough energy
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่บซไฝ“ใฏๅ……ๅˆ†ใชใ‚จใƒใƒซใ‚ฎใƒผใจ
00:55
and are protected from feeling pain,
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็—›ใฟใฎๆ„Ÿ่ฆšใ‹ใ‚‰ใฎไฟ่ญทใ‚’็ขบไฟใ—ใฆ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ„ใพใ™
00:57
while shutting down nonessential systems, like critical thought.
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ใใ‚ŒใจๅŒๆ™‚ใซๆ‰นๅˆค็š„ๆ€่€ƒใชใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ ็”Ÿๆญปใซใ‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‰ใชใ„ๆฉŸ่ƒฝใ‚’ๅœๆญขใ—ใพใ™
01:02
Feeling pain-free and energized,
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็—›ใฟใ‹ใ‚‰่งฃๆ”พใ•ใ‚Œ ๆดปๅŠ›ใŒใฟใชใŽใ‚Š
01:04
while not getting caught up in worrisome thoughts that normally occupy our brains,
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ใ—ใ‹ใ‚‚้€šๅธธใชใ‚‰่„ณๅ†…ใฎๆ€่€ƒใ‚’ๆ”ฏ้…ใ™ใ‚‹ ๅฟƒ้…ไบ‹ใซๆŒฏใ‚Šๅ›žใ•ใ‚Œใชใ„็Šถๆ…‹ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใฎใฏ
01:09
that all sounds great,
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็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใซๆ€ใˆใพใ™
01:11
and it can be because this response is similar, though not exactly the same
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ใ“ใฎ็Šถๆณใฏ ๅฎŒๅ…จใซๅŒใ˜ใจใฏใ„ใˆใชใ„ใ‘ใ‚Œใฉ
01:15
to what we experience in positive, high-arousal states,
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่‚ฏๅฎš็š„ใงใจใฆใ‚‚ๅˆบๆฟ€ใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ใŸ็Šถๆ…‹
01:19
like excitement, happiness, and even during sex.
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ใคใพใ‚Š่ˆˆๅฅฎ็Šถๆ…‹๏ผŒๅนธ็ฆๆ„Ÿ๏ผŒใ‚ปใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใชใฉใง ใ‚‚ใŸใ‚‰ใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅๅฟœใซไผผใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™
01:23
The difference lays in the context.
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ๅๅฟœใ‚’่ตทใ“ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹็ŠถๆณใŒ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™
01:26
If we're in real danger, we're focused on survival, not fun.
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ใ‚‚ใ—ๆœฌๅฝ“ใฎๅฑ้™บใซๆ™’ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ ๆญ“ๅ–œใ‚ˆใ‚Š็”Ÿๅญ˜ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซ้‡็‚นใŒ็ฝฎใ‹ใ‚Œใพใ™
01:30
But when we trigger this high arousal response in a safe place,
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ๅฎ‰ๅ…จใชๅ ดๆ‰€ใง ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช่ˆˆๅฅฎ็š„ๅๅฟœใŒๅ–š่ตทใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใจ
01:34
we can switch over to enjoying the natural high of being scared.
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ๆ€–ใๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฎใƒŠใƒใƒฅใƒฉใƒซใƒใ‚คใ‚’ ๆฅฝใ—ใ‚€ๆ„Ÿ่ฆšใซๅˆ‡ใ‚Šๆ›ฟใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ™
01:39
It's why people on roller coasters can go from screaming to laughing within moments.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ไบบใฏใ‚ธใ‚งใƒƒใƒˆใ‚ณใƒผใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผใซไน—ใ‚‹ใจ ็ตถๅซใŒ็žฌๆ™‚ใซๆญ“ๅฃฐใซๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™
01:46
Your body is already in a euphoric state.
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ใ™ใงใซ่บซไฝ“ใฏ้™ถ้…”็Šถๆ…‹ใซใ‚ใ‚Š
01:48
You're just relabeling the experience.
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ใใฎไฝ“้จ“ใ‚’็•ฐใชใ‚‹็Šถๆ…‹ใซ ไฝ็ฝฎไป˜ใ‘ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใชใฎใงใ™
01:51
And though the threat response is universal,
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่„…ๅจใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹ๅๅฟœใฏๅ…จไธ–็•Œๅ…ฑ้€šใงใ™ใŒ
01:54
research shows differences between individuals
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็ ”็ฉถใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹ใจ ๅๅฟœใซใฏๅ€‹ไบบๅทฎใŒใ‚ใ‚Š
01:57
in how the chemicals associated with the threat response work.
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่„…ๅจๅๅฟœใซ้–ข้€ฃไป˜ใ‘ใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸๅŒ–ๅญฆ็‰ฉ่ณชใŒ ใฉใ†ไฝœ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใซ้•ใ„ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใงใ™
02:01
This explains why some are more prone to thrill-seeking than others.
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ใ“ใฎใ“ใจใฏ ไบบใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆๆ€–ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎๅฅฝใใฎ็จ‹ๅบฆใซ ้•ใ„ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™
02:06
Other normal physical differences explain
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ใใฎไป–ใซใ‚‚ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช่บซไฝ“็š„็›ธ้•ใซใ‚ˆใ‚Š
02:08
why some may love the dizziness associated with a loop-de-loop,
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ใ‚ธใ‚งใƒƒใƒˆใ‚ณใƒผใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผใฎใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใง ้ ญใŒใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚ฏใƒฉใ™ใ‚‹ๆ„Ÿ่ฆšใ‚’ๅฅฝใ‚€ใฎใซ
02:12
while loathing the stomach-drop sensation of a steep roller coaster,
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ๆ€ฅ้™ไธ‹ใฎใ‚ธใ‚งใƒƒใƒˆใ‚ณใƒผใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผใงๅ†…่‡“ใŒ ่ฝใกใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใชๆ„Ÿ่ฆšใฏๅซŒใ†ไบบใŒใ„ใŸใ‚Š
02:17
or why some squeal with delight inside a haunted house,
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ใฏใŸใพใŸ ๅ‘ชใ„ใฎ้คจใงใ‚ญใƒฃใ‚ขใ‚ญใƒฃใ‚ขใจ ๅ–œใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใˆใฐ
02:20
but retreat in terror if taken to an actual cemetery.
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ๆœฌ็‰ฉใฎๅข“ๅœฐใซ่กŒใใจๆ€–ใใฆ้€ƒใ’ๅ‡บใ™ไบบใŒใ„ใ‚‹ ็†็”ฑใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™
02:25
Fear brings more than just a fun, natural high.
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ๆญ“ใณใ‚„ใƒŠใƒใƒฅใƒฉใƒซใƒใ‚คไปฅไธŠใฎ ๅŠนๆžœใ‚‚ๆๆ€–ใซใฏไผดใ„ใพใ™
02:28
Doing things that we're afraid of can give us a nice boost of self-esteem.
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ๆ€–ใ„ใจๆ€ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆฑบ่กŒใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใง ่‡ชๅฐŠๅฟƒใ‚’้ซ˜ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™
02:32
Like any personal challenge,
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ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๆŒ‘ๆˆฆโ€•
02:34
whether it's running a race or finishing a long book,
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็ซถๆŠ€ใซๅ‚ๅŠ ใ—ใฆ่ตฐใฃใŸใ‚Š ๅŽšใ„ๆœฌใ‚’่ชญใฟ็ต‚ใˆใŸใ‚Š
02:37
when we make it through to the end,
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ใชใซใ‹ใ‚’ๆœ€ๅพŒใพใงใ‚„ใ‚Š้‚ใ’ใŸๆ™‚ใซ
02:38
we feel a sense of accomplishment.
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็งใŸใกใฏ้”ๆˆๆ„Ÿใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใพใ™
02:41
This is true even if we know we're not really in any danger.
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ๅฑ้™บใงใฏใชใ„ใจ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใŸใจใ—ใฆใ‚‚ ใ‚„ใฏใ‚ŠๅŒใ˜ใ“ใจใŒ่ตทใใพใ™
02:45
Our thinking brains may know the zombies aren't real,
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้ ญใฎไธญใงใฏใ‚พใƒณใƒ“ใƒผใฏๅญ˜ๅœจใ—ใชใ„ ใจใ‚ใ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใŸใจใ—ใฆใ‚‚
02:47
but our bodies tell us otherwise.
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่บซไฝ“ใฏ้•ใ†ๅๅฟœใ‚’ใ—ใพใ™
02:50
The fear feels real,
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ๆใ•ใฏๆœฌ็‰ฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ‚‹ใฎใง
02:52
so when we make it through alive,
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็„กไบ‹ใซ้€š้Žใ—็ต‚ใˆใŸใชใ‚‰
02:54
the satisfaction and sense of accomplishment also feel real.
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ๆบ€่ถณๆ„Ÿใจ้”ๆˆๆ„Ÿใ‚‚ๆœฌ็‰ฉใซๆ„Ÿใ˜ใพใ™
02:58
This is a great evolutionary adaptation.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้€ฒๅŒ–ใฎ้Ž็จ‹ใงๅพ—ใŸ ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„้ฉๅฟœใงใ™
03:00
Those who had the right balance of bravery and wit
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ๆๆ€–ใ‚’ไน—ใ‚Š่ถŠใˆใ‚‹ใ‹ ใฉใ“ใงๅผ•ใ่ฟ”ใ™ในใใ‹ใ‚’ๅˆคๆ–ญใ™ใ‚‹โ€•
03:04
to know when to push through the fear and when to retreat
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ๅ‹‡ๆฐ—ใจ็ŸฅๅŠ›ใฎใƒใƒฉใƒณใ‚นใŒ ใปใฉ่‰ฏใใจใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹่€…ใฏ
03:07
were rewarded with survival,
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็”ŸใใชใŒใ‚‰ใˆใŸใ‚Š
03:09
new food,
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ๆ–ฐใŸใช้ฃŸใน็‰ฉใ‚’ๅพ—ใŸใ‚Š
03:10
and new lands.
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ๆ–ฐใŸใชๅœŸๅœฐใ‚’ๅพ—ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ—ใŸ
03:12
Finally, fear can bring people together.
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ๆœ€ๅพŒใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒ ๆๆ€–ใฏไบบใ‚’ใคใชใŽใพใ™
03:14
Emotions can be contagious,
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ๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใฏไผๆŸ“ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
03:16
and when you see your friend scream and laugh,
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ๅ‹้”ใŒ็ฌ‘ใ„ใชใŒใ‚‰็ตถๅซใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ
03:19
you feel compelled to do the same.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚‚ๅŒๆง˜ใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ใ—ใŸใใชใ‚Šใพใ™
03:21
This is because we make sense of what our friends are experiencing
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ๅ‹้”ใŒไฝ“้จ“ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’
03:25
by recreating the experience ourselves.
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่‡ชๅˆ†ใ‚‚ไฝ“้จ“ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใง ็†่งฃใ‚’ๆทฑใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™
03:28
In fact, the parts of the brain that are active when our friend screams
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใซๅ‹้”ใŒ็ตถๅซใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๆ™‚ใซ ๆดป็™บใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹่„ณใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใจๅŒใ˜ๅ ดๆ‰€ใŒ
03:32
are active in us when we watch them.
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ใใฎๅ‹้”ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใ‚‹็ง้”ใฎ ่„ณใซใŠใ„ใฆใ‚‚ๆดป็™บใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™
03:35
This not only intensifies our own emotional experience,
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ใใ‚Œใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆ็ง้”ใฎๆ„Ÿๆƒ…็š„ไฝ“้จ“ใŒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅผทใๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใฏใชใ
03:38
but makes us feel closer to those we're with.
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ไธ€็ท’ใซใ„ใ‚‹ไปฒ้–“ใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹ ่ฆช่ฟ‘ๆ„ŸใŒๆทฑใพใ‚Šใพใ™
03:42
The feeling of closeness during times of fear
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ๆๆ€–ใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๆ™‚ใฎ่ฆช่ฟ‘ๆ„Ÿใฏ
03:45
is aided by the hormone oxytocin released during fight or flight.
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ใ‚ชใ‚ญใ‚ทใƒˆใ‚ทใƒณใจใ„ใ†้—˜ไบ‰ใƒป้€ƒ่ตฐๅๅฟœๆ™‚ใซ ๆ”พๅ‡บใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใƒ›ใƒซใƒขใƒณใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆไฟƒ้€ฒใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™
03:50
Fear is a powerful emotional experience,
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ๆๆ€–ใฏใƒ‘ใƒฏใƒ•ใƒซใชๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ไฝ“้จ“ใงใ‚ใ‚Š
03:53
and anything that triggers a strong reaction
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ๅผทใ„ๅๅฟœใ‚’ๅผ•ใ่ตทใ“ใ™ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ“ใจใฏๅ…จใฆ
03:55
is going to be stored in our memory really well.
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็ง้”ใฎ่จ˜ๆ†ถใซใ—ใฃใ‹ใ‚Šไฟๅญ˜ใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™
03:59
You don't want to forget what can hurt you.
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่‡ชๅˆ†ใ‚’ๅ‚ทใคใ‘ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใซใคใ„ใฆ ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใ‚‹ในใใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
04:02
So if your memory of watching a horror film with your friends is positive
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅ‹้”ใจไธ€็ท’ใซ ใƒ›ใƒฉใƒผๆ˜ ็”ปใ‚’่ฆณใŸ่จ˜ๆ†ถใฏ
04:06
and left you with a sense of satisfaction,
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่‚ฏๅฎš็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚Š ๆบ€่ถณๆ„Ÿใ‚’ไผดใ†ใŸใ‚
04:08
then you'll want to do it over and over again.
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ไฝ•ๅบฆใ‚‚ใใ‚Œใ‚’็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใŸใใชใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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