If superpowers were real: Super speed - Joy Lin

1,904,831 views ใƒป 2013-06-28

TED-Ed


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: Ido Dekkers ืขืจื™ื›ื”: benyamin zinshtein
00:14
Some superheros can move faster than the wind.
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ื›ืžื” ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ืขืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื ื•ืข ืžื”ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืจื•ื—.
00:18
The men in Apollo 10 reached
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ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืืคื•ืœื• 10 ื”ื’ื™ืขื•
00:20
a record-breaking speed
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ืœืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื•ื‘ืจืช ืฉื™ืื™ื
00:21
of around 25,000 miles per hour
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ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืš 39,000 'ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจ ื‘ืฉืขื”
00:24
when the shuttle re-entered
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ื›ืฉื”ื—ืœืœื™ืช ื—ื–ืจื”
00:25
the Earth's atmosphere in 1969.
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ืœืื˜ืžื˜ืกืคื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ื‘ 1969.
00:28
Wouldn't we save a lot of time
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ืœื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื—ื•ืกื›ื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื–ืžืŸ
00:30
to be able to move that fast?
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ืื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœื ื•ืข ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžื”ืจ?
00:32
But what's the catch?
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ื”ืงืื˜ืฅ'?
00:34
Air is not empty.
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ื”ืื•ื™ืจ ืœื ืจื™ืง.
00:36
Elements like oxygen and nitrogen,
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ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ื—ืžืฆืŸ ื•ื—ื ืงืŸ,
00:38
even countless dust particles,
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ืืคื™ืœื• ื—ืœืงื™ืงื™ ืื‘ืง ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืกืคื•ืจ,
00:40
make up the air around us.
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ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืื•ื™ืจ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื ื•.
00:44
When we move past these things in the air,
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ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื™ื“ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื‘ืื•ื™ืจ,
00:47
we're rubbing against them
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืชืคืฉืคื™ื ื‘ื”ื
00:48
and creating a lot of friction,
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ื•ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื—ื™ื›ื•ืš,
00:49
which results in heat.
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ืฉื™ื•ืฆืจ ื—ื•ื.
00:51
Just like rubbing your hands together warms them up
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ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื• ืฉืœืฉืคืฉืฃ ืืช ื”ื™ื“ื™ื ืื—ืช ื‘ืฉื ื™ื” ืžื—ืžื ืื•ืชืŸ
00:53
or rubbing two sticks together makes fire,
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ืื• ืฉื™ืคืฉื•ืฃ ืฉื ื™ ืžืงืœื•ืช ื™ื—ื“ ื™ื•ืฆืจ ืืฉ,
00:55
the faster objects rub together,
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ื›ืžื” ืฉืขืฆืžื™ื ืžืฉืชืคืฉืคื™ื ืื—ื“ ื‘ืฉื ื™ ืžื”ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ,
00:57
the more heat is generated.
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ื ื•ืฆืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ื•ื.
01:01
So, if we're running at 25,000 miles per hour,
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ืื–, ืื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืจืฆื™ื ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ 39,000 ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจ ื‘ืฉืขื”,
01:04
the heat from friction would burn our faces off.
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ื”ื—ื•ื ืžื”ื—ื™ื›ื•ืš ื™ืฉืจื•ืฃ ืืช ืคื ื™ื ื•.
01:09
Even if we somehow withstood the heat,
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ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ืื™ื›ืฉื”ื• ื”ื™ื ื• ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ื,
01:11
the sand and dirt in the air
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ื”ื—ื•ืœ ื•ื”ืœื›ืœื•ืš ื‘ืื•ื™ืจ
01:12
would still scrape us up
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ื™ืฉืจื˜ื• ืืชื›ื
01:14
with millions of tiny cuts
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ืขื ืžืœื™ื•ื ื™ ื—ืชื›ื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื
01:15
all happening at the same time.
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ื”ื›ืœ ืงืŸืจื” ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ื–ืžืŸ.
01:19
Ever seen the front bumper or grill of a truck?
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ืื™ ืคืขื ืจืื™ืชื ืคื’ื•ืฉ ืงื™ื“ืžื™ ืื• ื’ืจื™ืœ ืฉืœ ืžืฉืื™ืช?
01:22
What do you think all the birds and bugs would do
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ืžื” ืืชื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื•ื”ื—ืจืงื™ื ื™ืขืฉื•
ืœืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ื”ืคืชื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื›ื ืื• ืœืขื•ืจ ื”ื—ืฉื•ืฃ?
01:24
to your open eyes or exposed skin?
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01:31
Okay, so you'll wear a mask
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ืื•ืงื™ื™, ืื– ืืชื ื—ื•ื‘ืฉื™ื ืžืกื›ื”
01:33
to avoid destroying your face.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืžื ืข ืžืœื”ืฉืžื™ื“ ืืช ื”ืคื ื™ื.
01:35
But what about people in buildings
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืขื ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื
01:36
between you and your destination?
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ื‘ื™ื ื›ื ืœื™ืขื“ ืฉืœื›ื?
01:39
It takes us approximately one-fifth of a second
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ื–ื” ืœื•ืงื— ื‘ืขืจืš ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ืช ืฉื ื™ื”
01:41
to react to what we see.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ื™ื‘ ืœืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื.
01:43
By the time we see what is ahead of us
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ืขื“ ืฉื ืจืื” ืžื” ืœืคื ื™ื ื•
01:45
and react to it -
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ื•ื ื’ื™ื‘ ืœื• -
01:46
time times velocity equals distance
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ื–ืžืŸ X ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช = ืžืจื—ืง
01:47
equals one-fifth of a second
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= 1/5 ืฉื ื™ื” X 39,000 ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจ ื‘ืฉืขื”
01:48
times 25,000 miles per hour
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01:50
equals 1.4 miles
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= 2.2 ืงืœื•ืžื˜ืจ
01:51
- we would have gone past it
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- ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืื•ืชื•
01:53
or through it by over a mile.
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ืื• ื“ืจื›ื• ื‘ืฉื ื™ ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจ.
01:56
We're either going to kill ourselves
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ืื• ืฉื ื”ืจื•ื’ ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื•
01:57
by crashing into the nearest wall at super speed
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืชืจืกืงื•ืช ืœืงื™ืจ ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืขืœ
02:00
or, worse, if we're indestructible,
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ืื•, ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ืจื•ืข, ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืœืชื™ ืคื’ื™ืขื™ื,
02:02
we've essentially turned our bodies into missiles
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ื‘ืขืฆื ื”ืคื›ื ื• ืืช ื’ื•ืคื ื• ืœื˜ื™ืœื™ื
02:04
that destroy everything in our path.
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ืฉืžืฉืžื™ื“ื™ื ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ื“ืจื›ื ื•.
02:08
So, long distance travel at 25,000 miles per hour
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ืื–, ืชื ื•ืขื” ืœืžืจื—ืงื™ื ื‘ 39,000 ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจ ื‘ืฉืขื”
02:11
would leave us burning up,
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ืชืฉืื™ืจ ืื•ืชื ื• ื‘ื•ืขืจื™ื,
02:12
covered in bugs,
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ืžื›ื•ืกื™ื ื—ืจืงื™ื,
02:13
and leaves no time to react.
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ื•ืœื ืžืฉืื™ืจื” ื–ืžืŸ ืชื’ื•ื‘ื”.
02:16
What about short bursts
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ืžื” ืขื ืคืจืฆื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื
02:17
to a location we can see
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ืœืžื™ืงื•ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช
02:18
with no obstacles in between?
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ื‘ืœื™ ืžื›ืฉื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื•?
02:20
Okay, let's say a bullet
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ืื•ืงื™ื™, ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื’ื™ื“ ืฉื›ื“ื•ืจ
02:22
is about to hit a beautiful damsel in distress.
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ืขื•ืžื“ ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ืขืœืžื” ื‘ืžืฆื•ืงื”.
02:26
So, our hero swoops in at super speed,
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ืื–, ื”ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืœื ื• ื ื›ื ืก ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืขืœ,
02:28
grabs her,
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ืชื•ืคืก ืื•ืชื”,
02:29
and carries her to safety.
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ื•ื ื•ืฉื ืื•ืชื” ืœืžืงื•ื ืžื‘ื˜ื—ื™ื.
02:32
That sounds very romantic,
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ื–ื” ื ืฉืžืข ืžืื•ื“ ืจื•ืžื ื˜ื™,
02:34
but, in reality, that girl will probably suffer
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ืื‘ืœ, ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช, ื”ื‘ื—ื•ืจื” ื”ื–ื• ื›ื ืจืื” ืชืกื‘ื•ืœ
02:36
more damage from the hero than the bullet
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ื–ืง ืžื”ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืžืืฉืจ ืžื”ื›ื“ื•ืจ
02:38
if he moved her at super speed.
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ืื ื”ื•ื ื ืข ืœืขื‘ืจื” ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืขืœ.
02:40
Newton's First Law of Motion deals with inertia,
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ื—ื•ืง ื”ืชื ื•ืขื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื ื™ื•ื˜ื•ืŸ ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืื™ื ืจืฆื™ื”,
02:44
which is the resistance to a change
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ืฉื–ื• ื”ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืช ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™
02:46
in its state of motion.
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ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ืชื ื•ืขื”.
02:48
So, an object will continue moving
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ืื–, ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ ื™ืžืฉื™ืš ืœื ื•ืข
02:49
or staying at the same place
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ืื• ื™ืฉืืจ ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืžืงื•ื
02:51
unless something changes it.
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ืืœื ืื ืžืฉื”ื• ื™ืฉื ื” ืืช ื–ื”.
02:53
Acceleration is the rate the velocity changes over time.
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ืชืื•ืฆื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืงืฆื‘ ื‘ื” ื”ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืžืฉืชื ื” ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ื–ืžืŸ.
02:57
When the girl at rest,
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ื›ืฉื”ื‘ื—ื•ืจื” ื‘ืžื ื•ื—ื”,
02:58
velocity equals zero miles per hour,
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ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช = 0 ืงืž"ืฉ,
03:00
begins accelerating to reach the speed within seconds,
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ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœื”ืื™ืฅ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืš ืฉื ื™ื•ืช,
03:02
velocity increases rapidly
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ื”ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื’ื“ืœื” ืžื”ืจ
03:04
to 25,000 miles per hour,
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ืœ 39,000 ืงืž"ืฉ,
03:06
her brain would crash into the side of her skull.
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ื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœื” ื”ื™ื” ืžืชืจืกืง ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืฆื“ ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื•ืœื’ืœื•ืช.
03:09
And, when she stops suddenly,
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ื•ื›ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ื™ืชื” ืขื•ืฆืจืช ืคืชืื•ื,
03:12
velocity decreases rapidly back to zero miles per hour,
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ื”ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื™ืชื” ืคื•ื—ืชืช ื—ื–ืจื” ืœ 0 ืงืž"ืฉ,
03:14
her brain would crash into the other side of her skull,
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ื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœื” ื”ื™ื” ืžืชืจืกืง ืœืฆื“ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื•ืœื’ื•ืœืช,
03:17
turning her brain into mush.
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ื•ื”ื•ืคืš ืืช ื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœื” ืœืขื™ืกื”.
03:22
The brain is too fragile to handle the sudden movement.
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ื”ืžื•ื— ืขื“ื™ืŸ ืžื“ื™ ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ืชื ื•ืขื•ืช ืคืชืื•ืžื™ื•ืช.
03:25
So is every part of her body, for that matter.
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ื›ืš ื’ื ื›ืœ ื—ืœืง ืื—ืจ ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœื” ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ.
03:27
Remember, it's not the speed that causes the damage
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ื–ื›ืจื•, ื–ื” ืœื ื”ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื’ื•ืจืžืช ืœื ื–ืง
03:30
because the astronauts survived Apollo 10,
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืืกื˜ืจื•ื ืื•ื˜ื™ื ืฉืจื“ื• ืืช ืืคื•ืœื• 10,
03:32
it's the acceleration
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ื–ื• ื”ืชืื•ืฆื”
03:34
or sudden stop
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ืื• ืขืฆื™ืจื” ืคืชืื•ืžื™ืช
03:35
that causes our internal organs
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ืฉื’ื•ืจืžืช ืœืื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ื™ื
03:37
to crash into the front of our bodies
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ืœื”ืชืจืกืง ืœืงื“ืžืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœื ื•
ื‘ื“ืจืš ื‘ื” ืื ื—ื ื• ื–ื–ื™ื ื‘ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืก
03:39
the way we move forward in a bus
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03:40
when the driver slams on the brakes.
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ื›ืฉื”ื ื”ื’ ืœื•ื—ืฅ ื‘ื—ื•ื–ืงื” ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืœืžื™ื.
03:43
What the hero did to the girl
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ืžื” ืฉื”ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืขืฉื” ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจื”
03:45
is mathematically the same as running her over
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ื–ื”ื” ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืช ืœืœื“ืจื•ืก ืื•ืชื”
03:47
with a space shuttle at maximum speed.
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ืขื ืžืขื‘ื•ืจืช ื—ืœืœ ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืžืงืกื™ืžืœื™ืช.
03:50
She probably died instantly at the point of impact.
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ื”ื™ื ื›ื ืจืื” ืžืชื” ืžื™ื™ื“ ื‘ื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืคื’ื™ืขื”.
03:53
He's going to owe this poor girl's family an apology
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ื”ื•ื ื™ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื”ืชื ืฆืœ ืœืžืฉืคื—ืช ื”ื ืขืจื” ื”ืžืกื›ื ื”
03:56
and a big fat compensation check.
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ื•ืœืชืช ืฆ'ืง ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ ืฉืžืŸ.
03:59
Oh, and possibly face jail time.
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ืื•ื”, ื•ื›ื ืจืื” ืœื”ื™ื“ื•ืŸ ืœื›ืœื.
04:02
Doctors have to carry liability insurance
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ืจื•ืคืื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืื™ืฉื™ืช
04:04
just in case they make a mistake and hurt their patients.
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ืจืง ืœืžืงืจื” ืฉื”ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื˜ืขื•ืช ื•ืคื•ื’ืขื™ื ื‘ืคืฆื™ื™ื ื˜ ืฉืœื”ื.
ืื ื™ ืชื•ื”ื” ื›ืžื” ืคืจืžื™ื™ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืฉืœ ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืขืœ ืชืขืœื”.
04:07
I wonder how much superhero insurance policy would cost.
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04:11
Now, which superpower physics lesson
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืื™ื–ื” ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขืœ ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืขืœ
04:14
will you explore next?
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ืชืจืฆื• ืœื—ืงื•ืจ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•?
04:16
Shifting body size and content,
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ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื’ื•ืฃ ื•ืžืฉืงืœ,
04:21
super speed,
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ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืขืœ,
04:22
flight,
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ืชืขื•ืคื”,
04:24
super strength,
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ื›ื•ื— ืขืœ,
04:27
immortality,
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ื—ื™ื™ ื ืฆื—,
04:29
and
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ื•
04:31
invisibility.
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ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืจืื•ืช.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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