Is space trying to kill us? - Ron Shaneyfelt

348,460 views ใƒป 2013-05-28

TED-Ed


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

00:00
Translator: Andrea McDonough Reviewer: Jessica Ruby
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ืชืจื’ื•ื: Ido Dekkers ืขืจื™ื›ื”: eviatar edlerman
00:14
There are still lots of things about space
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ื™ืฉ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื—ืœืœ
00:16
that we may never be able to answer,
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ืฉืื•ืœื™ ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ื ื“ืข ืืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœื”ื,
00:18
like is time travel possible?
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ื›ืžื• ื”ืื ืžืกืข ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืืคืฉืจื™?
00:20
Or are aliens living somewhere else in the Milky Way?
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ืื• ื”ืื ื—ื™ื™ื–ืจื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืื—ืจ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื”ื—ืœื‘?
00:23
But there is one thing I believe about space:
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“ ืฉืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื—ืœืœ:
00:26
Space is trying to kill me.
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ื”ื—ืœืœ ืžื ืกื” ืœื”ืจื•ื’ ืื•ืชื™.
00:29
Space isn't out to get me personally.
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ื”ื—ืœืœ ืœื ืžื ืกื” ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืืœื™ ืื™ืฉื™ืช.
00:31
It's also trying to kill you and everybody else.
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ื”ื•ื ืžื ืกื” ืœื”ืจื•ื’ ืืชื›ื ื•ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืื—ืจ.
00:33
Think about it.
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ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ื–ื”.
00:35
Space doesn't naturally have what we need to survive
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ืœื—ืœืœ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืจื•ื“
00:37
when we travel there:
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ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื“ืจื›ื•:
00:39
no air,
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ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืจ,
00:40
it's too hot
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ื”ื•ื ื—ื ืžื“ื™
00:41
or too cold,
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ืื• ืงืจ ืžื“ื™,
00:42
no ozone to protect us from those nasty UV rays, either.
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ื’ื ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื–ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœื™ื ื• ืžืงืจื ื™ ื”UV ื”ืžื–ื™ืงื•ืช.
00:46
This all sounds bad,
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ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื ืฉืžืข ืจืข,
00:47
but what can space really do to me
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื—ืœืœ ื‘ืืžืช ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืœื™
00:49
if I stay on Earth?
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ืื ืื ื™ ืืฉืืจ ืขืœ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ?
00:50
What we need to understand is that objects in space
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ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืฉืขืฆืžื™ื ื‘ื—ืœืœ
00:53
can cause people to think their days are numbered,
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื™ืžื™ื”ื ืกืคื•ืจื™ื,
00:55
even when there are events on Earth
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ืืคื™ืœื• ื›ืฉื™ืฉ ืืจื•ืขื™ื ืขืœ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ
00:57
that can hurt or kill us
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ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืคื’ื•ืข ืื• ืœื”ืจื•ื’ ืื•ืชื ื•
00:59
before something from space does.
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ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืžืฉื”ื• ืžื”ื—ืœืœ ื™ืขืฉื” ืืช ื–ื”.
01:01
So, what are the odds that one of these objects
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ืื–, ืžื” ื”ื ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ื™ื ืฉืื—ื“ ื”ืขืฆืžื™ื ื”ืืœื”
01:04
will really affect Earth
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ื‘ืืžืช ื™ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ
01:05
and you
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ื•ืขืœื™ื›ื
01:06
and me
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ื•ืขืœื™
01:07
in our lifetime?
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ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•?
01:08
Well, we can take what we know about the universe
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงื—ืช ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื™ืงื•ื
01:10
to try and figure that out.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื–ื”.
01:12
You might have heard stories
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ืืชื ืื•ืœื™ ืฉืžืขืชื ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื
01:14
about asteroids hitting the Earth.
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ืขืœ ืืกื˜ืจื•ืื™ื“ื™ื ืฉืคื•ื’ืขื™ื ื‘ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ.
01:16
That would be pretty bad.
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ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ื“ื™ ื’ืจื•ืข.
01:17
Scientists think asteroids might have killed off
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ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉืืกื˜ืจื•ืื™ื“ื™ื ืื•ืœื™ ื”ืจื’ื•
01:20
most of the dinosaurs.
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ืืช ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื“ื™ื ื•ื–ืื•ืจื™ื.
01:21
Sounds like something we should worry about, right?
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ื ืฉืžืข ื›ืžื• ืžืฉื”ื• ืœื“ืื•ื’ ืžืžื ื•, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
01:24
Well, astronomers can now watch asteroids in space
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืืกื˜ืจื•ื ื•ืžื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฆืคื•ืช ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื‘ืืกื˜ืจื•ืื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ื—ืœืœ
01:27
and see them coming using complex computer models
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ื•ืœืจืื•ืช ืื•ืชื ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ืžืžื•ื—ืฉื‘ื™ื
01:30
to predict the deadly rock's path.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ื–ื•ืช ืืช ืžืกืœื•ืœื• ืฉืœ ื”ืกืœืข ื”ืงื˜ืœื ื™.
01:32
For a while, the reported odds
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ืœืžืฉืš ื–ืžืŸ ืžื”, ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืžื“ื•ื•ื—ื™ื
01:34
that asteroid Apophis would strike Earth in 2036
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ืฉื”ืืกื˜ืจื•ืื™ื“ ืืคื•ืคื™ืก ื™ืคื’ืข ื‘ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ื‘ 2036
01:38
were once 1 in 625.
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ื”ื™ื• 1 ืœ 625.
01:40
But, after updating their data,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื—ืจื™ ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข,
01:42
astronomers now say the chances are extremely low.
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ืืกื˜ืจื•ื ื•ืžื™ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืฉื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ื ืžืžืฉ ื ืžื•ื›ื™ื.
01:46
Okay, what about the sun?
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ืื•ืงื™ื™, ืžื” ืขื ื”ืฉืžืฉ?
01:48
Hollywood movies like to pick on our sun
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ืกืจื˜ื™ื ื”ื•ืœื™ื•ื•ื“ื™ื™ื ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืชืจื›ื– ื‘ืฉืžืฉ
01:50
by showing Earth destroyed by solar flares
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืš ืฉื”ื ืžืจืื™ื ืืช ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ืžื•ืฉืžื“ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืกืขืจื•ืช ืกื•ืœืจื™ื•ืช
01:53
or the sun dying out,
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ืื• ืฉื”ืฉืžืฉ ื›ื‘ื”,
01:54
which would cause Earth to freeze.
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ืžื” ืฉื™ื’ืจื•ื ืœื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ืœืงืคื•ื.
01:56
Astronomers predict our sun contains enough gas
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ืืกื˜ืจื•ื ื•ืžื™ื ื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืฉืœืฉืžืฉ ืฉืœื ื• ื™ืฉ ืžืกืคื™ืง ื’ื–
01:59
to make energy for another 3 to 5 billion years.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ืฆืจ ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืœืขื•ื“ 3 ืขื“ 5 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉื ื”.
02:02
So, in 3 to 5 billion years,
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ืื–, ื‘ืขื•ื“ 3 ืขื“ 5 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉื ื”,
02:05
if people still exist on Earth,
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ืื ืื ืฉื™ื ืขื“ื™ื™ื• ื™ืชืงื™ื™ืžื• ืขืœ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ,
02:06
they'll have to deal with that.
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ื”ื ื™ืฆื˜ืจื›ื• ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ื–ื”.
02:08
But today, well, we're safe.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื•ื, ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื.
02:10
Sometimes the sun does shoot flares at Earth,
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ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื”ืฉืžืฉ ื‘ืืžืช ืžืฉื’ืจืช ืœื”ื‘ื•ืช ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ,
02:12
but the magnetic fields surrounding our planet
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืฉื“ื” ื”ืžื’ื ื˜ื™ ืฉืžืงื™ืฃ ืืช ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘
02:15
blocks most of that radiation.
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ื—ื•ืกื ืืช ืžืจื‘ื™ืช ื”ืงืจื™ื ื”.
02:17
The radiation that does get through
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ื”ืงืจื™ื ื” ืฉื›ืŸ ืขื•ื‘ืจืช ืขื ื–ืืช
02:18
creates things like the Aurora Borealis.
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ื™ื•ืฆืจืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืžื• ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ ื”ืฆืคื•ื ื™.
02:21
Gigantic solar flares can mess with our satellites
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ืกืขืจื•ืช ืกื•ืœืืจื™ื•ืช ืขืฆื•ืžื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœืฉื‘ืฉ ืืช ื”ืœื•ื•ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•
02:24
and electrical equipment,
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ื•ืฆื™ื•ื“ ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™,
02:25
but the chances of it killing you are pretty slim.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ื™ื ืฉื–ื” ื™ื”ืจื•ื’ ืื•ืชื ื• ื”ื ืงืœื•ืฉื™ื.
02:28
Okay, what about that supermassive black hole
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ืื•ืงื™ื™, ืžื” ืขื ื—ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื—ื•ืจื™ื ืกื•ืคืจ ืžืืกื™ื‘ื™ื™ื
02:31
in the middle of our galaxy?
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ื‘ืืžืฆืข ื”ื’ืœืงืกื™ื” ืฉืœื ื•?
02:33
What happens to Earth,
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ืžื” ื™ืงืจื” ืœื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ,
02:34
and us,
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ื•ืœื ื•,
02:35
when it pulls us in?
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ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ืžืฉื•ืš ืื•ืชื ื•?
02:36
After all, it is supermassive.
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ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื›ืœ, ื”ื•ื ืกื•ืคืจ ืžืืกื™ื‘ื™.
02:39
Nope, not going to happen.
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ืœื, ืœื ืขื•ืžื“ ืœืงืจื•ืช.
02:41
That's one big object that can't bother us.
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ื–ื” ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ ืื—ื“ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื˜ืจื™ื“ ืื•ืชื ื•.
02:44
How can we be so sure?
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ืื™ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื?
02:45
Our solar system is on the edge of the Milky Way
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ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืฉืžืฉ ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื™ื ื‘ืคืืชื™ ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื”ื—ืœื‘
02:48
while the nearest supermassive black hole
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ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื”ื—ื•ืจ ื”ืฉื—ื•ืจ ืžื”ืืกื™ื‘ื™ ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ื ื•
02:51
is about 26,000 light years from Earth.
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ื”ื•ื ื‘ืžืจื—ืง ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืจืš 26,000 ืฉื ื•ืช ืื•ืจ ืžื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ.
02:54
That means we aren't on that black hole's menu.
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ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื‘ืชืคืจื™ื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ืจ ื”ืฉื—ื•ืจ.
02:57
So, you still think space objects are trying to kill you
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ืื–, ืืชื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื™ื ื—ืœืœื™ื™ื ืฉืžื ืกื™ื ืœื”ืจื•ื’ ืืชื›ื
03:00
even after what I've told you so far?
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ืืคื™ืœื• ืื—ืจื™ ืžื” ืฉืืžืจืชื™ ืœื›ื ืขื“ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•?
03:02
I think I've even convinced myself
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืืคื™ืœื• ืฉื›ื ืขืชื™ ืืช ืขืฆืžื™
03:04
that odds are really good
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ืฉื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ื ืžืžืฉ ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื
03:05
that space and the objects up there
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ืฉื”ื—ืœืœ ื•ื”ืขืฆืžื™ื ืฉื ืœืžืขืœื”
03:07
won't kill me after all.
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ืœื ื™ื”ืจื’ื• ืื•ืชื ื• ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื›ืœ.
03:09
But I'll probably keep looking up
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ื›ื ืจืื” ืืžืฉื™ืš ืœื”ื‘ื™ื˜ ืœืžืขืœื”
03:11
just to make sure nothing is headed my way.
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ืจืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ื“ืจืš ืืœื™.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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