Why the shape of your screen matters - Brian Gervase

566,372 views ใƒป 2012-09-13

TED-Ed


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: Ido Dekkers ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Nir Bibi
00:14
You know, back in the '40s and '50s,
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ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”40 ื•ื”50,
00:16
the original standard television had a 4 to 3 width to height ratio.
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ืœื˜ืœื•ื™ื–ื™ื” ื”ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ืช ื”ื™ื” ื™ื—ืก ื’ื•ื‘ื” ืœืจื•ื—ื‘ ืฉืœ 4 ืœ 3.
00:19
That shape was chosen to be a slight rectangle,
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ื”ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ื–ื• ื ืงื‘ืขื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืขื˜ ืžืœื‘ื ื™ืช,
00:22
but still mostly square, thus having the maximal screen area
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืžืจื•ื‘ืขืช, ื›ืš ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืงืกื™ืžื•ื ืฉื˜ื— ืžืกืš ืœืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื ืชื•ื ื•ืช.
00:25
for the given dimensions.
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ื•ื–ื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื—ืก ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื”ื˜ืœื•ื™ื–ื™ื•ืช ื•ืžืกื›ื™ ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ื‘ืชื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื.
00:27
And that's still the ratio on many TVs and computer monitors in today's homes.
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00:31
The problem is, hardly anybody today treats video content in a 4 to 3 ratio.
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ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื™ื, ืฉื›ืžืขื˜ ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ื™ื•ืฆืจ ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืฉืœ 4 ืœ 3.
00:35
See, this whole problem started
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ื”ื‘ื™ื ื•, ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื—ืœื” ื›ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืจืฆื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืกืจื˜ื™ื ืžื”ืงื•ืœื ื•ืข
00:37
when people wanted to watch movies from the theater
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00:39
in the comfort of their own homes.
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ื‘ื ื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœื”ื.
00:41
Movie screens are considerably larger than our home television.
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ืžืกื›ื™ ืงื•ืœื ื•ืข ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื”ื˜ืœื™ื•ื™ื–ื™ื” ื”ื‘ื™ืชื™ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
00:44
More important, the screen is completely different rectangle
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ื•ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื”ืžืกืš ื”ื•ื ืžืœื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ื ื” ืœื’ืžืจื™,
00:47
and can't mathematically fit on our TV screens without manipulation.
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ื•ืœื ืชื•ืื ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืช ืœืžืกืš ื”ื˜ืœื•ื™ื–ื™ื” ื‘ืœื™ ื”ืชืืžื”.
00:50
A typical TV is one and a third times wider than it is tall
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ื˜ืœื•ื™ื–ื™ื” ื˜ื™ืคื•ืกื™ืช ืจื—ื‘ื” ื‘ืื—ื“ ื•ืฉืœื™ืฉ
ืžืืฉืจ ื”ื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”. ื—ืœืง ืžืžืกื›ื™ ื”ืงื•ืœื ื•ืข
00:54
Some movie screens could be up to three times as wide as it is tall.
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขื“ ืคื™ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืจื—ื‘ื™ื ืžืžื” ืฉื”ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื.
00:58
So what're we going to do to make it fit? Well, we have all kinds of options.
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ืื– ืžื” ื ืขืฉื” ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื–ื” ื™ืชืื™ื? ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ืื•ืคืฆื™ื•ืช.
01:01
Well, we could squeeze and stretch and mangle everything onto the screen,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื›ื•ื•ืฅ ื•ืœืžืชื•ื— ื•ืœืขื•ื•ืช ื”ื›ืœ ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืžืกืš,
01:05
to make it all fill up,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืžืœื ืื•ืชื•, ื•ื›ื•ืœื ื™ืจืื• ืจื–ื™ื ื•ื“ื—ื•ืกื™ื.
01:06
and everyone would look ridiculously thin and compressed.
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01:09
The good news is the sound would be just fine,
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ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืฉื”ืกืื•ื ื“ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจ ื’ืžื•ืจ.
01:11
although I don't think people would be too happy about that option,
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืื ื™ ืœื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืžืจื•ืฆื™ื ืžื”ืื•ืคืฆื™ื” ื”ื–ื•,
01:14
particularly the actors in the movie.
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ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืฉื—ืงื ื™ื ื‘ืกืจื˜.
01:16
We could just cut a chunk of the original movie like a cookie cutter
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ื ื•ื›ืœ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื—ืชื•ืš ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืกืจื˜ ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ ื›ืžื• ื—ื•ืชืš ืขื•ื’ื™ื•ืช
01:19
and just see that frame of the movie.
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ื•ืœืจืื•ืช ืจืง ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืกืจื˜.
01:21
The problem with that would be people and objects
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ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ืขื ื–ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื•ื—ืคืฆื™ื ื™ื“ื‘ืจื•
01:23
would be speaking from off the screen, or, even worse, they might be cut in half.
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ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืžืกืš, ืื• ื’ืจื•ืข ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื”ื ื™ื”ื™ื• ื—ืชื•ื›ื™ื ืœืฉื ื™ื™ื.
ื—ืœืง ืžืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื”ืกืจื˜ื™ื ืžืฉืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืžื” ืฉื ืงืจื ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงืช "ืคืืŸ ื•ืกืจื™ืงื”"
01:27
Some movie editors use what's called the "pan and scan" technique
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01:29
to allow the full height of the TV screen to be used,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ืžืœื ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ืœื•ื™ื–ื™ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ,
01:31
but pick and choose what section of the original movie
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืื™ื–ื” ื—ืœืง ืฉืœ ื”ืกืจื˜ ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ ื™ืจืื” ืขืœ ื”ืžืกืš ืฉืœื›ื
01:34
should be shown on your screen
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ื•ื›ืš ืžื•ื ืขื™ื ืืช ื‘ืขื™ื™ืช ื—ื™ืชื•ืš ื”ืื ืฉื™ื.
01:36
thus eliminating the annoying cutting of people.
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ื“ืžื™ื™ื ื• ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” - ื‘ื” ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืฉืœ 4 ืœ 3
01:38
Imagine that job: staring at a 4 to 3 hole
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01:40
watching movies all day, deciding for everyone
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ืฆื•ืคื™ื ื‘ืกืจื˜ื™ื ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื•ื, ืžื—ืœื™ื˜ื™ื ืœื›ื•ืœื
01:42
which piece of the screen is the most important part for people to see.
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ืื™ื–ื” ื—ืœืง ืฉืœ ื”ืกืฆื ื” ื”ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื™ืจืื•.
01:45
Now let's do a little quick math.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืขืฉื” ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื–ืจื™ื–.
01:47
If we compare a major cinematic film produced on a 2.35 to 1 aspect frame
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ืื ื ืฉื•ื•ื” ืกืจื˜ ืงื•ืœื ื•ืข ืฉื”ื•ืคืง ื‘ืคืจื™ื™ื ืขื ื™ื—ืก 2.35 ืœืื—ื“
01:51
with my standard 4 to 3 TV screen,
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ืขื ื”ื˜ืœื•ื™ื–ื™ื” ื”ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ืช ืฉืœ 4 ืœ 3,
ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ืฉืจืง 55% ืžื”ืกืจื˜ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืžืขืฉื” ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืœืžืกืš
01:54
we find out that only 55% of the movie can actually fit on the screen
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื’ืข ื ืชื•ืŸ.
01:58
at any one time.
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01:59
Just over half!
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ืจืง ืงืฆืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื—ืฆื™!
02:00
You've seen the disclaimer at the beginning of the movie on TV or DVD
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ืจืื™ืชื ืืช ื”ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ื‘ื”ืชื—ืœื” ืฉืœ ืกืจื˜ ื˜ืœื•ื™ื–ื™ื” ืื• DVD
02:04
that says, "This film has been modified
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ืฉืื•ืžืจืช "ื”ืกืจื˜ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ืชืื ืžื”ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ ืฉืœื• ืœืžืกืš ื”ื˜ืœื•ื™ื–ื™ื” ืฉืœื›ื."
02:06
from its original format to fit on your TV screen."
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02:08
Well, what it should say is,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืžื” ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื–ื” "ืื ื—ื ื• ืจืง ืžืฆื™ื’ื™ื 55% ืžื”ืกืจื˜ ืฉื‘ื—ืจื ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื›ื."
02:09
"We are only displaying 55% of the movie of our choosing."
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02:12
Now for all the full-screen TV lovers,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื›ืœ ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ ื”ืžืกืš ื”ืžืœื ื‘ื˜ืœื•ื™ื–ื™ื”,
02:14
this is your dilemma:
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ื–ื• ื”ื“ื™ืœืžื” ืฉืœื›ื: ืืชื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืกืจื˜,
02:16
do you want to see all the movie, or is 55% good enough?
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ืื• ืฉ55% ืžืกืคื™ืง ืœื›ื? ืžื” ืขื ื˜ืœื•ื™ื–ื™ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช?
02:19
How about new TVs?
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ื‘ืขืจืš ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืžืื”, ื›ืžื” ื˜ืœื•ื™ื–ื™ื•ืช ืจื—ื‘ื•ืช ืžืกืš
02:21
Around the start of the century, some widescreen TVs
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02:23
emerged in a 16 to 9, or 1.78 times wider than it is tall.
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ื”ื•ืคื™ืขื• ืขื ื™ื—ืก ืฉืœ 16 ืœ 9, ืื• 1.78 ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื—ื‘ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ื’ื•ื‘ื”.
02:27
Well, this screen fits the movie a little better,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื”ืžืกืš ื”ื–ื” ืžืชืื™ื ืœืกืจื˜ ืžืขื˜ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ื•ื‘,
02:29
but still only shows 75% of the original movie at one time.
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ืื‘ืœ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืจืื” ืจืง 75% ืžื”ืกืจื˜ ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื’ืข.
02:32
Suppose someone made a TV for your living room
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ื“ืžื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ืฆืจ ื˜ืœื•ื™ื–ื™ื” ืœืกืœื•ืŸ ืฉืœื›ื ืฉื”ื™ืชื” 2.35 ืœ 1 ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื™ื ื”ืžืœืื™ื ื”ืืœื”?
02:35
that was actually 2.35 to 1 to show those full movies?
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02:37
Well, the TV with the same height as the most current 50-inch TVs -
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื”ื˜ืœื•ื™ื–ื™ื” ืขื ืื•ืชื• ื’ื•ื‘ื” ื›ืžื• ื”ื˜ืœื•ื™ื–ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ 50 ืื™ื ื˜ืฉ -
02:40
that TV would be close to six feet long.
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ื”ื˜ืœื•ื™ื–ื™ื” ื”ื–ื• ืชื”ื™ื” ื‘ืจื•ื—ื‘ ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ ืžื˜ืจ.
ื•ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื–ื”, ืืชื ืชืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ืžืกืš ื”ืžืœื ืจืง ื›ืฉืชืฆืคื• ื‘ืกืจื˜ื™ื.
02:43
And on top of that, you'd only use the full screen when you watched movies.
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02:46
Most of the other content would have to be stretched,
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ืžืจื‘ื™ืช ื”ืชื›ื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื™ื ื™ืžืชื—ื•,
02:49
or have empty space on the sides of the screen.
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ืื• ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืงื•ื ืจื™ืง ื‘ืฆื“ื“ื™ ื”ืžืกืš. ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ,
02:51
Of course, there is one more option.
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ื™ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ืื•ืคืฆื™ื” ืื—ืช. ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื›ื•ื•ืฅ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ ืคืจื•ืคื•ืจืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ืช,
02:53
We can just shrink the movie screen proportionally,
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02:55
to fit the width of your home television.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืœืจื•ื—ื‘ ื”ื˜ืœื•ื™ื–ื™ื” ื”ื‘ื™ืชื™ืช ืฉืœื›ื.
02:57
We can mathematically scale the original to fit exactly the width of the screen
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืช ืืช ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชืื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืœืจื•ื—ื‘ ื”ืžืกืš
03:01
and this'll preserve the entire movie screen,
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ื•ื–ื” ื™ืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืžืกืš ื”ืงื•ืœื ื•ืข, ืื‘ืœ ื™ืจืื” ืืช ื”ืคืกื™ื ื”ืฉื—ื•ืจื™ื ื”ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื ืœืฉืžืฆื”
03:03
but show the infamous black bars along the top and bottom
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ืžืขืœ ื•ืžืชื—ืช ืฉื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืฆื•ืคื™ ื˜ืœื•ื™ื–ื™ื” ืฉื•ื ืื™ื.
03:06
that so many television watchers abhor.
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03:08
Of course, now you can argue that we're only using 75% of that screen.
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ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื˜ืขื•ืŸ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ืจืง ื‘ 75% ืžื”ืžืกืš.
ื•ื›ืืŸ ื ืžืฆืืช ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ืช:
03:12
And that is where the real question is:
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ืืชื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืžืกืš ืžืœื, ืื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืกืจื˜?
03:14
do you want your full screen, or do you want to see the entire movie?
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ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœื•ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉืืชื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื˜ืœื•ื™ื–ื™ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ.
03:17
Most likely, you just need a bigger TV.
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ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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