Mysteries of vernacular: Odd - Jessica Oreck and Rachael Teel

205,548 views ใƒป 2013-12-05

TED-Ed


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

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Transcriber: Andrea McDonough Reviewer: Jessica Ruby
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ืชืจื’ื•ื: Ido Dekkers ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Eliav Ran
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Mysteries of vernacular:
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ืžืกืชืจื™ ื”ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืžื™:
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Odd,
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ืื•ื“ (ืžื•ื–ืจ),
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different from what is usual or expected.
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ืฉื•ื ื” ืžื”ืžื•ื›ืจ ืื• ืœื ืฆืคื•ื™.
00:13
Though the modern word odd has many meanings,
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืœืžื™ืœื” ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืช "ืžื•ื–ืจ" ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ื™ื•ืช,
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mathematical or not,
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ืžืชืžื˜ื™ื•ืช ืื• ืœื,
00:18
they can all be traced back
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœืขืงื•ื‘ ืื—ืจื™ ื›ื•ืœืŸ
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to the Indo-European root uzdho,
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ืœืฉื•ืจืฉ ื”ืื™ื ื“ื• ืื™ืจื•ืคืื™ ืื•ื–ื“ื”ื• (Uzdho),
00:23
meaning pointing upwards.
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ืฉืžืฉืžืขื• ืœื”ืฆื‘ื™ืข ืœืžืขืœื”.
00:26
Inspired by the idea
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ืžื•ืฉืคืข ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ
00:27
of a vertical-pointed object,
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ืฉืœ ืขืฆืžื™ื ืฉืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื™ื ืœืžืขืœื”,
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speakers of Old Norse modified this root
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ื”ื“ื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื ื•ืจืกืงื™ืช ืขืชื™ืงื” ืฉื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ืฉื•ืจืฉ
00:33
into a new word, oddi,
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ืœืžื™ืœื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉื”, ืื•ื“ื™,
00:35
which was used to refer to a triangle,
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ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืœื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœืžืฉื•ืœืฉ,
00:38
the simplest pointed object
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ื”ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ืžื—ื•ื“ื“ืช ื”ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
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geometrically speaking.
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ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื’ืื•ืžื˜ืจื™ืช.
00:43
A triangle with a long point,
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ืžืฉื•ืœืฉ ืขื ืงืฆื” ืžื•ืืจืš,
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like an arrow head
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ื›ืžื• ืจืืฉ ื—ืฅ
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or a piece of land jutting out into the sea,
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ืื• ืคื™ืกืช ืื“ืžื” ืฉื‘ื•ืœื˜ืช ืœืชื•ืš ื”ื™ื,
00:49
was recognized to have two paired angles
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ื”ื•ื›ืจ ื›ื‘ืขืœ ืฉืชื™ ื–ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ืชื•ืืžื•ืช
00:53
and a third that stood alone.
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ื•ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ืฉืขื•ืžื“ืช ืœื‘ื“.
00:55
And over time, oddi began to refer
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ื•ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ื–ืžืŸ, ืื•ื“ื™ ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก
00:59
to something that wasn't matched or paired.
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ืœืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืœื ื”ืชืื™ื ืื• ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืฉื™ื™ืš.
01:02
In Old Norse, oddi also came to mean
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ื‘ื ื•ืจืกืงื™ืช ืขืชื™ืงื”, ืื•ื“ื™ ื’ื ืงื™ื‘ืœื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืจ
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any number indivisible by two.
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ื›ืœ ืžืกืคืจ ืฉืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื—ืœืง ืœืฉืชื™ื™ื.
01:08
And odda mathr, the odd man,
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ื•ืื•ื“ื” ืžืช'ืจ, ื”ืื™ืฉ ื”ืžื•ื–ืจ,
01:11
was used to describe the unpaired man
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ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืืจ ืืช ื”ืื™ืฉ ืœืœื ืฉื™ื•ืš
01:14
whose vote could break a tie.
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ืฉื”ื”ืฆื‘ืขื” ืฉืœื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืฉื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ.
01:17
Though the English never called a triangle odd,
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ืงืจืื” ืœืžืฉื•ืœืฉ ืื•ื“,
01:20
they did borrow the odd number
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ื”ื ืฉืืœื• ืืช ื”ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืื™ ื–ื•ื’ื™
01:23
and the odd man.
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ื•ื”ืื™ืฉ ื™ื•ืฆื ื”ื“ื•ืคืŸ.
01:25
And finally, in the 16th century,
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ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ื‘ืžืื” ื” 16,
01:27
the notion of the odd man out
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ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ืฉ ื”ืฉื•ื ื”
01:30
gave rise to our modern meaning peculiar.
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ืงื™ื‘ืœื” ืืช ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืช ืžื•ื–ืจ.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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