A day in the life of a Peruvian shaman - Gabriel Prieto

839,961 views ใƒป 2020-06-04

TED-Ed


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Ido Dekkers
00:07
At the temple of the fisherman, Quexo, the village shaman,
0
7300
3770
ื‘ืžืงื“ืฉ ื”ื“ื™ื™ื’ื™ื, ืงื•ืืงืกื•, ืฉืืžืŸ ื”ื›ืคืจ,
00:11
looks out over the ocean and frowns.
1
11070
2700
ืžื‘ื™ื˜ ืœืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ื•ืžื–ืขื™ืฃ ืืช ืคื ื™ื•.
00:13
Itโ€™s a still morningโ€“ unusually still,
2
13770
2670
ื–ื” ื‘ื•ืงืจ ืฉืงื˜ - ืฉืงื˜ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื™ื•ืฆื ื“ื•ืคืŸ,
00:16
and the lack of wind is the latest in a series of troubling signs.
3
16440
4678
ื•ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ืจื•ื— ื”ื•ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืกื“ืจื” ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื•ืช ืžื“ืื™ื’ื™ื.
00:21
The year is 1400 BCE.
4
21118
3650
ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ื™ื 1400 ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืกืคื™ืจื”.
00:24
Quexoโ€™s village sits in the dusty, treeless desert
5
24768
3310
ื”ื›ืคืจ ืฉืœ ืงื•ืืงืกื• ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืžืื•ื‘ืง ื ื˜ื•ืœ ื”ืขืฆื™ื
00:28
between the towering Andes and Pacific Ocean.
6
28078
3030
ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื ื“ื™ื ื”ืžืชื ืฉืื™ื ืœืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ื”ืฉืงื˜.
00:31
The villagers live off the sea, harvesting reeds,
7
31108
3300
ื”ื›ืคืจื™ื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื ืžื”ื™ื, ืงื•ืฆืจื™ื ืงื ื™ื,
00:34
drying them in the sun, and using them to build fishing boats.
8
34408
3800
ืžื™ื™ื‘ืฉื™ื ืื•ืชื ื‘ืฉืžืฉ, ื•ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืกื™ืจื•ืช ื“ื™ื™ื’.
00:38
Every day in the summer,
9
38208
1300
ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ื‘ืงื™ืฅ,
00:39
the men set out on these boats to hunt shark and other fish
10
39508
3907
ื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืกื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืืœื• ืœืฆื•ื“ ื›ืจื™ืฉื™ื ื•ื“ื’ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื
00:43
while the women harvest shellfish and sea urchins.
11
43415
3310
ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืื•ืกืคื•ืช ืงื•ื ื›ื™ื•ืช ื•ืงื™ืคื•ื“ื™ ื™ื.
00:46
In winter, storms bring powerful waves, which cross the vast ocean unobstructed
12
46725
5534
ื‘ื—ื•ืจืฃ, ืกื•ืคื•ืช ืžื‘ื™ืื•ืช ื’ืœื™ื ื—ื–ืงื™ื, ืฉื—ื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ื”ืจื—ื‘ ืœืœื ื”ืคืจืขื”
00:52
to detonate on these shores.
13
52259
2410
ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชื ืคืฅ ืขืœ ื”ื—ื•ืคื™ื ื”ืืœื•.
00:54
Most years, Quexoโ€™s village catches more than enough fish.
14
54669
4000
ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืฉื ื™ื, ื”ื›ืคืจ ืฉืœ ืงื•ืืงืกื• ืชื•ืคืก ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžืกืคื™ืง ื“ื’ื™ื.
00:58
But this year, the winds have died and the fish have dwindled.
15
58669
4000
ืื‘ืœ ื”ืฉื ื”, ื”ืจื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉื›ื—ื• ื•ื”ื“ื’ื™ื ื”ืชืžืขื˜ื•.
01:02
Quexo has seen this pattern before:
16
62669
2450
ืงื•ืืงืกื• ืจืื” ืืช ื”ืชื‘ื ื™ืช ื”ื–ื• ืงื•ื“ื ืœื›ืŸ:
01:05
the fish disappear, then the violent rains arrive,
17
65119
3370
ื”ื“ื’ื™ื ื ืขืœืžื•, ื•ื”ื’ืฉืžื™ื ื”ืืœื™ืžื™ื ื”ื’ื™ืขื•,
01:08
causing flash floods that dissolve mud bricks and wash away settlements.
18
68489
5700
ื•ื’ืจืžื• ืœืฉื˜ืคื•ื ื•ืช ืคืชืื•ืžื™ื™ื ืฉืคื•ืจืจื• ืœื‘ื ื™ ื‘ื•ืฅ ื•ืฉื˜ืคื• ืืช ื”ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื.
01:14
He needs to stop the bad weather before the storms comeโ€”
19
74189
3520
ื”ื•ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ืืช ืžื–ื’ ื”ืื•ื™ืจ ื”ื’ืจื•ืข ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืกื•ืคื•ืช ื™ื’ื™ืขื• --
01:17
his only hope is a special ritual heโ€™s been planning.
20
77709
4000
ื”ืชืงื•ื•ื” ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ื”ื™ื ื˜ืงืก ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฉื”ื•ื ืชื›ื ืŸ.
01:21
Quexo spends much less time in the ocean than the other villagers.
21
81709
4000
ืงื•ืืงืกื• ืžื‘ืœื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ืคื—ื•ืช ื–ืžืŸ ื‘ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ืžื”ื›ืคืจื™ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื™ื.
01:25
He became a shaman after seeing a sign in the sea one morningโ€”
22
85709
4000
ื”ื•ื ื”ืคืš ืœืฉืืžืŸ ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืจืื” ืกื™ืžืŸ ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื•ืงืจ ืื—ื“ --
01:29
like his father and grandfather before him.
23
89709
2760
ื›ืžื• ืื‘ื™ื• ื•ืกื‘ื• ืœืคื ื™ื•.
01:32
This morning,
24
92469
859
ื”ื‘ื•ืงืจ,
01:33
he walks to the nearby sacred mountain as the sun rises.
25
93328
3840
ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื”ืจื™ื ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื›ืฉื”ืฉืžืฉ ืขื•ืœื”.
01:37
There, he gathers ceremonial cactus and herbs like โ€œhorse tail,โ€
26
97168
4173
ืฉื, ื”ื•ื ืื•ืกืฃ ืงืงื˜ื•ืก ื˜ืงืกื™ ื•ืขืฉื‘ื™ื ื›ืžื• โ€œื–ื ื‘ ืกื•ืก,โ€
01:41
โ€œstonebreaker," and valerian, along with the mineral hematite.
27
101341
4333
โ€œืฉื•ื‘ืจ ืกืœืขื™ื,โ€ ื•ื•ืœืจื™ืืŸ, ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื”ืžื™ื ืจืœ ื”ืžื˜ื™ื˜.
01:45
Back in the village, everyone is preparing to leave
28
105674
3111
ื—ื–ืจื” ื‘ื›ืคืจ, ื›ื•ืœื ืžืชื›ื•ื ื ื™ื ืœืขื–ื•ื‘
01:48
for a religious festival at a large temple inland.
29
108785
3461
ืœืคืกื˜ื™ื‘ืœ ื“ืชื™ ื‘ืžืงื“ืฉ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืืจืฅ.
01:52
The festival marks the beginning of what is usually the season of abundance,
30
112246
4000
ื”ืคืกื˜ื™ื‘ืœ ืžืกืžืŸ ืืช ื”ื”ืชื—ืœื” ืฉืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืขื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ืฉืคืข,
01:56
but with the signs pointing to storms, Quexo isnโ€™t feeling too celebratory.
31
116246
4822
ืื‘ืœ ืขื ื”ืื•ืชื•ืช ืฉืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ืกืขืจื•ืช, ืงื•ืืงืกื• ืœื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™ ื—ื’ื™ื’ื™.
02:01
Whole families travel to the festival, where they camp for a few days.
32
121068
4360
ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืฉืœืžื•ืช ื”ื•ืœื›ื•ืช ืœืคืกื˜ื™ื‘ืœ, ืฉื ื”ื ืžืงื™ืžื•ืช ืžื—ื ื” ืœื›ืžื” ื™ืžื™ื.
02:05
Theyโ€™ve packed seaweed, carved bones, gourd bowls, reed mats,
33
125428
4647
ื”ืŸ ืืจื–ื• ืืฆื•ืช, ืขืฆืžื•ืช ื—ืจื•ื˜ื•ืช, ืงืขืจื•ืช ื“ืœืขื•ืช, ืฉื˜ื™ื—ื™ ืงื ื™ื,
02:10
and other goods to trade in the market around the temple.
34
130075
3620
ื•ืกื—ื•ืจื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกื—ื•ืจ ื‘ืฉื•ืง ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ.
02:13
Quexo inspects the goods to make sure everything is of the finest quality.
35
133695
4713
ืงื•ืืงืกื• ื‘ื•ื“ืง ืืช ื”ืกื—ื•ืจื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉื”ื›ืœ ื‘ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ื›ื™ ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”.
02:18
He brings the herbs he gathered to trade for cinnabar,
36
138408
3310
ื”ื•ื ืžื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืขืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืืกืฃ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกื—ื•ืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืฆื™ื ื•ื‘ืจ,
02:21
a mineral that comes from the highlands in the Andes.
37
141718
3070
ืžื™ื ืจืœ ืฉืžื’ื™ืข ืžื”ืจืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื ื“ื™ื.
02:24
He needs cinnabar for his ritual to ward off the storms.
38
144788
3880
ื”ื•ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืฆื™ื ื•ื‘ืจ ืœื˜ืงืก ืฉืœื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืจื—ื™ืง ืืช ื”ืกืขืจื•ืช.
02:28
Around lunchtime, the sprawling temple rises out of the desert ahead.
39
148668
4716
ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืืจื•ื—ืช ื”ืฆื”ืจื™ื™ื, ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื‘ืื•ืคืง ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืžืžื•ืœ.
02:33
People have come from all along the coast and the foothills.
40
153384
3070
ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืžื›ืœ ืื•ืจืš ื”ื—ื•ืฃ ื•ืžืจื’ืœื•ืช ื”ื’ื‘ืขื•ืช.
02:36
The women handle trade transactionsโ€” theyโ€™re looking for cotton and ceramics.
41
156454
4894
ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืžื˜ืคืœื•ืช ื‘ืžืกื—ืจ -- ื”ืŸ ืžื—ืคืฉื•ืช ื›ื•ืชื ื” ื•ืงืจืžื™ืงื”.
02:41
Men arenโ€™t usually allowed to do the trading,
42
161348
2594
ืœื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืœื ืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ืœืกื—ื•ืจ,
02:43
but shamans are an exception.
43
163942
2080
ืื‘ืœ ืœืฉืืžื ื™ื ื™ืฉ ื”ื—ืจื’ื”.
02:46
Though Quexo is a man, during rituals he becomes half man, half woman,
44
166022
5021
ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืงื•ืืงืกื• ื”ื•ื ื’ื‘ืจ, ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื˜ืงืกื™ื ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ืคืš ืœื—ืฆื™ ื’ื‘ืจ ื•ื—ืฆื™ ืื™ืฉื”,
02:51
and this ambiguity makes his role more flexible outside ceremonies too.
45
171043
5537
ื•ื”ื“ื•ืืœื™ื•ืช ื”ื–ื• ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืืช ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืฉืœื• ืœื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ืžื™ืฉ ื’ื ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœื˜ืงืกื™ื.
02:56
Quexo canโ€™t find any cinnabar in the market,
46
176580
2902
ืงื•ืืงืกื• ืœื ืžืฆืœื™ื— ืœืžืฆื•ื ืฆื™ื ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉื•ืง,
02:59
so he heads to the main temple,
47
179482
2080
ืื– ื”ื•ื ืคื•ื ื” ืœืžืงื“ืฉ ื”ืจืืฉื™,
03:01
dodging children playing in the plaza.
48
181562
2190
ืžืชื—ืžืง ืžื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืžืฉื—ืงื™ื ื‘ื›ื™ื›ืจ.
03:03
He puts on his ceremonial garb: red face paint, earrings,
49
183752
4504
ื”ื•ื ืœื•ื‘ืฉ ืืช ื”ืชืœื‘ื•ืฉืช ื”ื˜ืงืกื™ืช ืฉืœื•, ืฆื‘ืข ืคื ื™ื ืื“ื•ื, ืขื’ื™ืœื™ื,
03:08
and a necklace of sharkโ€™s teeth and vertebrae.
50
188256
3010
ื•ืฉืจืฉืจืช ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื ื™ ื•ื—ื•ืœื™ื•ืช ื›ืจื™ืฉ.
03:11
Inside, the ceremonies are already underway,
51
191266
3600
ื‘ืคื ื™ื, ื”ื˜ืงืกื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืžืชืจื—ืฉื™ื,
03:14
and the shamans have drunk the sacred cactus drink.
52
194866
3560
ื•ื”ืฉืืžื ื™ื ืฉืชื• ืืช ืžืฉืงื” ื”ืงืงื˜ื•ืก ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ.
03:18
Many of them are Quexoโ€™s friends from festivals over the years,
53
198426
3680
ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื”ื ื”ื ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืงื•ืืงืกื• ืžืคืกื˜ื™ื‘ืœื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ืฉืขื‘ืจื•,
03:22
but he doesnโ€™t see the mountain shamans who would have cinnabar.
54
202106
4000
ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ืœื ืจื•ืื” ืฉืืžื ื™ ื”ืจื™ื ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื ืฆื™ื ื•ื‘ืจ.
03:26
He begins to panic.
55
206106
1490
ื”ื•ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ื›ื ืก ืœืคืื ื™ืงื”.
03:27
If the highland shamans donโ€™t show up,
56
207596
2250
ืื ืฉืืžื ื™ ื”ืจืžื•ืช ืœื ื™ื•ืคื™ืขื•,
03:29
his only option will be to make the long walk into the mountains.
57
209846
4000
ื”ืื•ืคืฆื™ื” ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืฉืœื• ืชื”ื™ื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ืืจื•ื›ื” ืœื”ืจื™ื.
03:33
Itโ€™s a dangerous journey that takes five days,
58
213846
2890
ื–ื” ืžืกืข ืžืกื•ื›ืŸ ืฉืœื•ืงื— ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ื™ืžื™ื,
03:36
precious time he doesnโ€™t have to waste.
59
216736
3080
ื–ืžืŸ ื™ืงืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื‘ื–ื‘ื–.
03:39
But perhaps he has no choice.
60
219816
2050
ืื‘ืœ ืื•ืœื™ ืœื ืชื”ื™ื” ืœื• ื‘ืจื™ืจื”.
03:41
He refuses the sacred cactus and sets off toward the mountains.
61
221866
4080
ื”ื•ื ืžืกืจื‘ ืœืงืงื˜ื•ืก ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื•ื™ื•ืฆื ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื”ืจื™ื.
03:45
As he leaves the settlement behind, he sees a group approaching.
62
225946
4009
ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืขื•ื–ื‘ ืืช ื”ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ื•, ื”ื•ื ืจื•ืื” ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืžืชืงืจื‘ืช.
03:49
He recognizes them as highlanders by their llamas.
63
229955
3810
ื”ื•ื ืžื–ื”ื” ืื•ืชื ื›ืื ืฉื™ ื”ืจืžื•ืช ืœืคื™ ื”ืœืืžื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื.
03:53
He dashes toward their shaman.
64
233765
1770
ื”ื•ื ืžืžื”ืจ ืงื“ื™ืžื” ืœืฉืืžืŸ ืฉืœื”ื.
03:55
Barely pausing to say hello, he offers him hematite, dried seaweed,
65
235535
4452
ื‘ืงื•ืฉื™ ืขื•ืฆืจ ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืฉืœื•ื, ื”ื•ื ืžืฆื™ืข ื”ืžื˜ื™ื˜, ืืฆื•ืช ืžื™ื•ื‘ืฉื•ืช,
03:59
and empty shells to grind up for lime and chew with coca leaves.
66
239987
4353
ื•ืงื•ื ื›ื™ื•ืช ืจื™ืงื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ืœื™ื™ื ื•ืœืœืขื•ืก ืขื ืขืœื™ ืงื•ืงื”.
04:04
In return, the other shaman gives him the precious cinnabar.
67
244340
4000
ื‘ืชืžื•ืจื”, ื”ืฉืืžืŸ ื”ืื—ืจ ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœื• ืืช ื”ืฆื™ื ื•ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ืงืจ.
04:11
With the key to his ritual in hand,
68
251562
2050
ืขื ื”ืžืคืชื— ืœื˜ื›ืก ืฉืœื• ื‘ื™ื“ื•,
04:13
Quexo heads home to the temple of the fisherman
69
253612
2560
ืงื•ืืงืกื• ื™ื•ืฆื ื”ื‘ื™ืชื” ืœืžืงื“ืฉ ื”ื“ื™ื™ื’ื™ื
04:16
in hopes of turning the tide.
70
256172
1884
ื‘ืชืงื•ื•ื” ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ืžื–ืœื.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7