A day in the life of a Peruvian shaman - Gabriel Prieto

850,463 views ・ 2020-06-04

TED-Ed


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

κ²€ν† : DK Kim
00:07
At the temple of the fisherman, Quexo, the village shaman,
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λ§ˆμ„μ˜ μ£Όμˆ μ‚¬μΈ μΌμ†ŒλŠ” μ–΄λΆ€μ˜ μ‚¬μ›μ—μ„œ
λ°”λ‹€λ₯Ό 바라보며 얼꡴을 μ°Œν‘Έλ¦½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:11
looks out over the ocean and frowns.
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00:13
It’s a still morning– unusually still,
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아침이라 κ³ μš”ν–ˆμ§€λ§Œ μœ λ‹¬λ¦¬ μ λ§‰ν–ˆμœΌλ©°
00:16
and the lack of wind is the latest in a series of troubling signs.
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λ°”λžŒμ΄ μ—†λŠ” 것은 졜근 μž‡λ‹¨ λΆˆκΈΈν•œ μ§•μ‘°μ˜ μ—°μ†μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:21
The year is 1400 BCE.
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기원전 1400λ…„ λ‹Ήμ‹œ
00:24
Quexo’s village sits in the dusty, treeless desert
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μΌμ†Œκ°€ μ‚΄λ˜ λ§ˆμ„μ€ λ¨Όμ§€κ°€ μžμš±ν•˜λ©° λ‚˜λ¬΄λ„ μ—†λŠ”
00:28
between the towering Andes and Pacific Ocean.
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μ•ˆλ°μŠ€ μ‚°λ§₯κ³Ό νƒœν‰μ–‘ μ‚¬μ΄μ˜ 사막에 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:31
The villagers live off the sea, harvesting reeds,
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바닀에 생계λ₯Ό μ˜μ§€ν•˜λŠ” λ§ˆμ„ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€
κ°ˆλŒ€λ₯Ό λͺ¨μ•„μ„œ 볕에 말렀 어선을 λ§Œλ“­λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:34
drying them in the sun, and using them to build fishing boats.
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00:38
Every day in the summer,
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여름이면 맀일 λ‚¨μžλ“€μ€ 이 λ°°λ₯Ό 타고 상어와 λ‹€λ₯Έ λ¬Όκ³ κΈ°λ₯Ό 사λƒ₯ν•˜κ³ 
00:39
the men set out on these boats to hunt shark and other fish
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00:43
while the women harvest shellfish and sea urchins.
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μ—¬μžλ“€μ€ μ‘°κ°œμ™€ μ„±κ²Œλ₯Ό μ€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:46
In winter, storms bring powerful waves, which cross the vast ocean unobstructed
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κ²¨μšΈμ—λŠ” 폭풍이 λͺ°κ³  온 κ±°μ„Ό νŒŒλ„κ°€
κ΄‘ν™œν•˜κ³  탁 트인 λ°”λ‹€λ₯Ό 거침없이 κ°€λ‘œμ§ˆλŸ¬μ„œ ν•΄μ•ˆμ„ λ•Œλ¦¬μ£ .
00:52
to detonate on these shores.
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00:54
Most years, Quexo’s village catches more than enough fish.
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λŒ€κ°œ μΌμ†Œμ˜ λ§ˆμ„μ€ λ¬Όκ³ κΈ°λ₯Ό ν’μ‘±ν•˜κ²Œ μž‘μ§€λ§Œ
00:58
But this year, the winds have died and the fish have dwindled.
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μ˜¬ν•΄λŠ” λ°”λžŒμ΄ λΆˆμ§€ μ•Šμ•˜κ³  물고기도 μ€„μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:02
Quexo has seen this pattern before:
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μΌμ†ŒλŠ” 이런 일을 전에도 κ²ͺ은 적이 μžˆλŠ”λ°
λ¬Όκ³ κΈ°κ°€ μ‚¬λΌμ§€λ©΄μ„œ κ±°μ„Ό λΉ„κ°€ λͺ°μ•„μΉ˜κ³ 
01:05
the fish disappear, then the violent rains arrive,
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01:08
causing flash floods that dissolve mud bricks and wash away settlements.
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κΈ‰κ²©ν•œ ν™μˆ˜κ°€ λ°œμƒν•΄μ„œ ν™λ²½λŒμ΄ λ¬΄λ„ˆμ§€κ³  집듀도 μ“Έλ €κ°€μ£ .
01:14
He needs to stop the bad weather before the storms comeβ€”
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μΌμ†ŒλŠ” 폭풍이 였기 전에 μ•…μ²œν›„λ₯Ό 막아야 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:17
his only hope is a special ritual he’s been planning.
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그의 μœ μΌν•œ 희망은 κ·Έκ°€ μ€€λΉ„ν•˜λŠ” νŠΉλ³„ν•œ μ˜μ‹μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:21
Quexo spends much less time in the ocean than the other villagers.
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μΌμ†ŒλŠ” λ§ˆμ„ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€λ³΄λ‹€ 바닀에 λ‚˜κ°€λŠ” μ‹œκ°„μ΄ 무척 μ μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:25
He became a shaman after seeing a sign in the sea one morningβ€”
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μΌμ†ŒλŠ” μ–΄λŠ λ‚  μ•„μΉ¨ λ°”λ‹€μ—μ„œ μ§•μ‘°λ₯Ό 보고 μ£Όμˆ μ‚¬κ°€ λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:29
like his father and grandfather before him.
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아버지와 ν• μ•„λ²„μ§€μ˜ λ’€λ₯Ό λ”°λžλ˜ 것이죠.
01:32
This morning,
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이날 μ•„μΉ¨, κ·ΈλŠ” ν•΄κ°€ 뜨자마자 λ§ˆμ„μ˜ μ‹ μ„±ν•œ μ‚°μœΌλ‘œ ν–₯ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:33
he walks to the nearby sacred mountain as the sun rises.
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01:37
There, he gathers ceremonial cactus and herbs like β€œhorse tail,”
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κ±°κΈ°μ„œ μ˜μ‹μ— ν•„μš”ν•œ 선인μž₯κ³Ό
β€˜λ§κΌ¬λ¦¬β€˜, β€˜λŒ 깨기’, μ₯μ˜€μ€Œν’€ 같은 μ•½μ΄ˆ,
01:41
β€œstonebreaker," and valerian, along with the mineral hematite.
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그리고 적철석을 λͺ¨μλ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:45
Back in the village, everyone is preparing to leave
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ν•œνŽΈ λ§ˆμ„μ—μ„œλŠ” λͺ¨λ‘κ°€ 쒅ꡐ μΆ•μ œλ₯Ό 즐기러
01:48
for a religious festival at a large temple inland.
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λ‚΄λ₯™μ— μžˆλŠ” 큰 μ‚¬μ›μœΌλ‘œ λ– λ‚  채비λ₯Ό ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:52
The festival marks the beginning of what is usually the season of abundance,
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λŒ€κ°œλŠ” μΆ•μ œμ—μ„œ ν’λ…„μ˜ μ‹œμž‘μ„ κΈ°λ…ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ
01:56
but with the signs pointing to storms, Quexo isn’t feeling too celebratory.
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μΌμ†ŒλŠ” 폭풍이 λ‹₯μΉ  κ±°λž€ μ§•μ‘° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— μΆ•μ œμ— 집쀑할 μˆ˜κ°€ μ—†μ£ .
02:01
Whole families travel to the festival, where they camp for a few days.
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λͺ¨λ“  가쑱이 μΆ•μ œμ— μ°Έμ—¬ν•˜κ³  κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ©°μΉ κ°„ μ•Όμ˜μ„ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:05
They’ve packed seaweed, carved bones, gourd bowls, reed mats,
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ν•΄μ΄ˆ, 뼈 μ‘°κ°ν’ˆ, μ‘°λ‘±λ°• 그릇, κ°ˆλŒ€ λ—μžλ¦¬μ™€
02:10
and other goods to trade in the market around the temple.
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λ‹€λ₯Έ μƒν’ˆλ“€μ„ 챙겨 μ™€μ„œ 사원 μ£Όλ³€ μ‹œμž₯μ—μ„œ κ±°λž˜ν–ˆμ£ .
02:13
Quexo inspects the goods to make sure everything is of the finest quality.
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μΌμ†ŒλŠ” μƒν’ˆλ“€μ„ μš”λͺ¨μ‘°λͺ¨ 따져보고 λͺ¨λ‘κ°€ μ΅œμƒμ˜ ν’ˆμ§ˆμΈ κ±Έ ν™•μΈν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:18
He brings the herbs he gathered to trade for cinnabar,
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μΌμ†ŒλŠ” μ±„μ§‘ν•œ μ•½μ΄ˆλ₯Ό β€˜μ§„μ‚¬β€™μ™€ κ΅ν™˜ν•˜λ € ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:21
a mineral that comes from the highlands in the Andes.
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κ·Έ 광물은 μ•ˆλ°μŠ€ μ‚°λ§₯의 κ³ μ§€λŒ€μ—μ„œ λ‚©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:24
He needs cinnabar for his ritual to ward off the storms.
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μ§„μ‚¬λŠ” 폭풍을 λ§‰λŠ” μ˜μ‹μ— ν•„μš”ν•œ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:28
Around lunchtime, the sprawling temple rises out of the desert ahead.
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점심 무렡이 되자 μ‚¬μ›μ˜ 떠듀썩함이 μ‚¬λ§‰κΉŒμ§€ λ»—μ–΄λ‚˜κ°‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:33
People have come from all along the coast and the foothills.
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ ν•΄μ•ˆκ°€μ™€ κΈ°μŠ­μ—μ„œ λͺ°λ €μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:36
The women handle trade transactionsβ€” they’re looking for cotton and ceramics.
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μƒν’ˆ κ±°λž˜λŠ” μ—¬μžλ“€μ΄ ν•˜λŠ”λ° μ†œκ³Ό λ„μžκΈ°λ₯Ό μ°Ύκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:41
Men aren’t usually allowed to do the trading,
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λŒ€κ°œ λ‚¨μžλ“€μ€ κ±°λž˜μ— 끼지 λͺ»ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ£Όμˆ μ‚¬λ“€μ€ μ˜ˆμ™Έμ£ .
02:43
but shamans are an exception.
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02:46
Though Quexo is a man, during rituals he becomes half man, half woman,
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μ˜μ‹ 쀑에 μΌμ†ŒλŠ” λ‚¨μžκ°€ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ λ°˜μ€ λ‚¨μž λ°˜μ€ μ—¬μžμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:51
and this ambiguity makes his role more flexible outside ceremonies too.
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ λͺ¨ν˜Έν•¨ 덕뢄에 μΌμƒμ—μ„œλ„ 그의 역할은 μœ μ—°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:56
Quexo can’t find any cinnabar in the market,
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μ‹œμž₯μ—λŠ” μΌμ†Œκ°€ μ°ΎλŠ” 진사가 μ—†μ–΄μ„œ
02:59
so he heads to the main temple,
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κ΄‘μž₯μ—μ„œ λ…ΈλŠ” 아이듀을 ν”Όν•΄μ„œ 쀑앙 μ‚¬μ›μœΌλ‘œ λ°œκ±ΈμŒμ„ λŒλ¦½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:01
dodging children playing in the plaza.
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03:03
He puts on his ceremonial garb: red face paint, earrings,
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κ·ΈλŠ” μ˜μ‹μš© 볡μž₯을 μ€€λΉ„ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
얼꡴을 λΆ‰κ²Œ μΉ ν•˜κ³  귀걸이λ₯Ό ν•œ λ‹€μŒ
03:08
and a necklace of shark’s teeth and vertebrae.
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상어 이빨과 λ“±λΌˆλ‘œ λ§Œλ“  λͺ©κ±Έμ΄λ₯Ό κ±ΈμΉ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:11
Inside, the ceremonies are already underway,
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μ•ˆμ—μ„œλŠ” μ˜μ‹μ΄ 이미 μ‹œμž‘λκ³ 
03:14
and the shamans have drunk the sacred cactus drink.
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μ£Όμˆ μ‚¬λ“€μ΄ λ‘˜λŸ¬μ•‰μ•„ μ‹ μ„±ν•œ 선인μž₯ 음료λ₯Ό λ§ˆμ…¨μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:18
Many of them are Quexo’s friends from festivals over the years,
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κ·Έλ“€ 쀑 λŒ€λ‹€μˆ˜λŠ” μΌμ†Œμ™€ 였랜 μΆ•μ œ μΉœκ΅¬λ“€μ΄μ§€λ§Œ
03:22
but he doesn’t see the mountain shamans who would have cinnabar.
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μ‚°μ—μ„œ 온 μ£Όμˆ μ‚¬λ“€ μ€‘μ—μ„œ 진사λ₯Ό κ°€μ Έμ˜¨ μ‚¬λžŒμ€ μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
κ·ΈλŠ” λΆˆμ•ˆν•΄μ§€κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:26
He begins to panic.
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03:27
If the highland shamans don’t show up,
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κ³ μ§€λŒ€μ˜ μ£Όμˆ μ‚¬λ“€λ§ˆμ € μΆ•μ œμ— μ˜€μ§€ μ•ŠμœΌλ©΄
03:29
his only option will be to make the long walk into the mountains.
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λ¨Ό μ‚°μœΌλ‘œ 직접 κ°€μ•Όλ§Œ ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ£ .
03:33
It’s a dangerous journey that takes five days,
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5μΌμ΄λ‚˜ κ±Έλ¦¬λŠ” μœ„ν—˜ν•œ κΈΈμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:36
precious time he doesn’t have to waste.
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μ†Œμ€‘ν•œ μ‹œκ°„μ„ λ‚­λΉ„ν•˜λŠ” 것이죠.
03:39
But perhaps he has no choice.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 방법이 없을 것 κ°™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:41
He refuses the sacred cactus and sets off toward the mountains.
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μ‹ μ„±ν•œ 선인μž₯ 음료λ₯Ό λ§ˆλ‹€ν•˜κ³  산을 ν–₯ν•΄ 길을 λ‚˜μ„­λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:45
As he leaves the settlement behind, he sees a group approaching.
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사원을 λ’€λ‘œ ν•˜κ³  λ– λ‚  λ•Œ κ·Έλ₯Ό ν–₯ν•΄ λ‹€κ°€μ˜€λŠ” 무리가 λ³΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:49
He recognizes them as highlanders by their llamas.
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그듀이 탄 라마λ₯Ό λ³΄λ‹ˆ κ³ μ§€λŒ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ ν‹€λ¦Όμ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:53
He dashes toward their shaman.
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μΌμ†ŒλŠ” κ·Έλ“€μ˜ μ£Όμˆ μ‚¬μ—κ²Œ λ‹¬λ €κ°€μ„œ
03:55
Barely pausing to say hello, he offers him hematite, dried seaweed,
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인사λ₯Ό λ‚˜λˆŒ ν‹ˆλ„ 없이 적철석과 말린 ν•΄μ΄ˆ 그리고
03:59
and empty shells to grind up for lime and chew with coca leaves.
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λΉ»μ•„μ„œ μ„νšŒλ‘œ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄ μ½”μΉ΄μžŽκ³Ό μ”ΉκΈ° 쒋은 쑰개껍데기λ₯Ό κ±΄λƒ…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:04
In return, the other shaman gives him the precious cinnabar.
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μƒλŒ€νŽΈ μ£Όμˆ μ‚¬λŠ” κ·Έ λŒ€κ°€λ‘œ κ·€μ€‘ν•œ 진사λ₯Ό μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:11
With the key to his ritual in hand,
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μ˜μ‹μ— ν•„μš”ν•œ μ—΄μ‡ λ₯Ό 손에 μ₯κ³ 
04:13
Quexo heads home to the temple of the fisherman
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μΌμ†ŒλŠ” μžμ‹ μ˜ 집이 μžˆλŠ” μ–΄λΆ€μ˜ μ‚¬μ›μœΌλ‘œ ν–₯ν•˜λ©°
04:16
in hopes of turning the tide.
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νŒŒλ„κ°€ 가라앉기λ₯Ό κΈ°λ„ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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