Mysteries of vernacular: Venom - Jessica Oreck and Rachael Teel

44,481 views ใƒป 2013-06-07

TED-Ed


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

00:00
Transcriber: Andrea McDonough Reviewer: Jessica Ruby
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ืชืจื’ื•ื: Ido Dekkers ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Zeeva Livshitz
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Mysteries of vernacular:
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ืžืกืชืจื™ ืฉืคืช ื”ืžืงื•ื:
00:15
Venom,
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ื•ื ื•ื (ืืจืก),
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the poisonous fluid secreted by animals,
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ื”ื ื•ื–ืœ ื”ืจืขื™ืœ ืฉืžื•ืคืจืฉ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื™ื•ืช,
00:20
like snakes and scorpions,
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ื›ืžื• ื ื—ืฉื™ื ื•ืขืงืจื‘ื™ื,
00:22
typically transmitted by bite or sting.
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ืœืจื•ื‘ ืžื•ืขื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื›ืฉื” ืื• ืขืงื™ืฆื”.
00:27
As vile as the word is now,
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ื›ืžื” ืฉื”ืžื™ืœื” ื ืชืขื‘ืช ืขื›ืฉื™ื•,
00:29
the history of venom begins
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ื”ื”ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ืืจืก ืžืชื—ื™ืœื”
00:30
with the pleasant Indo-European root wen,
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ืžื”ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื”ื”ื•ื“ื•-ืื™ืจื•ืคื™ ื”ื ืขื™ื ื•ื•ืŸ,
00:34
which meant to desire or strive for.
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ืฉืžืฉืžืขื• ื”ื•ื ืชืฉื•ืงื” ืื• ืฉืื™ืคื” ืœืžืฉื”ื•.
00:38
Perhaps, not surprisingly, wen also generated
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ืื•ืœื™, ืœื ื‘ืžืคืชื™ืข, ื•ื•ืŸ ื’ื ื”ื•ืœื™ื“
00:41
a number of amiable modern words,
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ืžืกืคืจ ืžื™ืœื™ื ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื•ืช ื—ื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช,
00:44
like win
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ื›ืžื• ื•ื•ื™ืŸ (ื ื™ืฆื—ื•ืŸ)
00:45
or wish.
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ืื• ื•ื•ื™ืฉ (ืžืฉืืœื”).
00:48
Wenes, a form of the original root,
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ื•ื•ื ืก, ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™,
00:51
was tailored to the mythology of the time,
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ื”ื•ืชืืžื” ืœืžื™ืชื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ,
00:54
and applied to the Roman goddess of love, Venus,
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ื•ื™ื•ืฉืžื” ืœืืœืช ื”ืื”ื‘ื” ื”ืจื•ืžืื™ืช, ื•ื•ื ื•ืก,
00:57
known to the Greeks as Aphrodite
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ืฉืžื•ื›ืจืช ืœื™ื•ื•ื ื™ื ื›ืืคืจื•ื“ื™ื˜ื”
01:00
and to the Egyptians as Hathor.
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ื•ืœืžืฆืจื™ื ื›ื”ื˜ื•ืจ.
01:04
From this milieu of amore,
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ืžื”ืžื™ืœื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืื”ื‘ื”,
01:06
the word wenesom emerged,
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ื”ืžื™ืœื” ื•ื•ื ืกื ื•ื ื”ื’ื™ืขื”,
01:08
meaning love potion.
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ืฉืžืฉืžืขื” ืฉื™ืงื•ื™ ืื”ื‘ื”.
01:11
Over time, wenesom became venenum,
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ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ื–ืžืŸ, ื•ื•ื ืกื ื•ื ื”ืคื›ื” ืœื•ื•ื ื ื•ื,
01:15
a word that specifically described potions or medicines
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ืžื™ืœื” ืฉืžืชืืจืช ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฉื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ืื• ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช
01:19
that evoked intense physical reactions from the patient.
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ืฉืขื•ืจืจื• ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืคื™ืกื™ืช ื—ื–ืงื” ืžื”ื—ื•ืœื”.
01:23
The definition of venenum
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ื”ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ืฉืœ ื•ื•ื ื ื•ื
01:25
eventually narrowed to refer solely
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ื”ืฆื˜ืžืฆืžื” ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืœื™ื™ื—ื•ืก ื‘ืœืขื“ื™
01:27
to poisonous concoctions,
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ืœืžืจืงื—ื•ืช ืจืขื™ืœื•ืช,
01:29
a shift that puts us within striking distance
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ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืฉืฉื ืื•ืชื ื• ืžืจื—ืง ื™ืจื™ืงื”
01:32
of the word under investigation.
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ืžื”ืžื™ืœื” ืฉื ื—ืงืจืช.
01:35
A bit of shortening
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ืงื™ืฆื•ืจ ืงื˜ืŸ
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and a slight distinction in source
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ื•ื”ื‘ื“ืœื” ืงื˜ื ื” ื‘ืžืงื•ืจ
01:39
brings us to venom,
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ืžื‘ื™ืื” ืื•ืชื ื• ืœื•ื•ื ื•ื,
01:41
a deadly fluid that comes from a snake
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ื ื•ื–ืœ ืงื˜ืœื ื™ ืฉืžื’ื™ืข ืžื ื—ืฉ
01:44
rather than a pharmacist.
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืžื”ืจื•ืงื—.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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