How in vitro fertilization (IVF) works - Nassim Assefi and Brian A. Levine

3,173,742 views ใƒป 2015-05-07

TED-Ed


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Ido Dekkers ืžื‘ืงืจ: Tal Dekkers
00:06
In 1978, Louise Brown became
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ื‘ 1978, ืœื•ืื™ื– ื‘ืจืื•ืŸ ื”ืคื›ื”
00:09
the world's first baby to be born by in vitro fertilization, or IVF.
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ืœืชื™ื ื•ืงืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉื ื•ืœื“ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืคืจื™ื” ื—ื•ืฅ ื’ื•ืคื™ืช, ืื• IVF.
00:14
Her birth revolutionized the field of reproductive medicine.
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ื”ืœื™ื“ื” ืฉืœื” ื—ื•ืœืœื” ืžื”ืคื›ื” ื‘ืžื“ืข ื”ืจืคื•ืื” ื”ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ืช.
00:17
Given that approximately one in eight heterosexual couples
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ื‘ื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื‘ืขืจืš ืœืื—ื“ ืžืชื•ืš ืฉืžื•ื ื” ื–ื•ื’ื•ืช ื”ื˜ืจื•ืกืงืกื•ืืœื™ื
00:20
has difficulty conceiving,
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ื™ืฉ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืœื”ื›ื ืก ืœื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ,
00:22
and that homosexual couples and single parents
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ื•ืฉื–ื•ื’ื•ืช ื”ื•ืžื•ืกืงืกื•ืืœื™ื ื•ื”ื•ืจื™ื ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ื
00:25
often need clinical help to make a baby,
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ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืจื•ื‘ ืขื–ืจื” ืงืœื™ื ื™ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืชื™ื ื•ืง,
00:27
the demand for IVF has been growing.
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ื”ื“ืจื™ืฉื” ืœIVF ื’ื“ืœื”.
00:30
IVF is so common, that more than 5 million babies have been born through this technology.
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IVF ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื ืคื•ืฆื”, ืฉื™ื•ืชืจ ืž 5 ืžืœื™ื•ืŸ ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช ื ื•ืœื“ื• ื“ืจืš ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ื–ื•.
00:36
IVF works by mimicking the brilliant design of sexual reproduction.
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IVF ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช ืขืœ ื“ื™ื™ ื—ื™ืงื•ื™ ื”ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื”ื’ืื•ื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘ื™ื” ื”ืžื™ื ื™ืช.
00:42
In order to understand IVF,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื”ืคืจื™ื” ื”ื—ื•ืฅ ื’ื•ืคื™ืช,
00:44
we first need to take a look at the natural process of baby making.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืจืืฉื™ืช ืœื”ื‘ื™ื˜ ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืฉืœ ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืชื™ื ื•ืง.
00:49
Believe it or not, it all starts in the brain.
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ืชืืžื™ื ื• ืื• ืœื, ื”ื›ืœ ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ืžื•ื—.
00:53
Roughly fifteen days before fertilization can happen,
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ื‘ืขืจืš ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ืขืฉืจ ื™ื•ื ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื”ืคืจื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืชืจื—ืฉ,
00:57
the anterior pituitary gland secretes follicle stimulating hormone, FSH,
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ื‘ืœื•ื˜ืช ื™ื•ืชืจืช ื”ืžื•ื— ื”ืื—ื•ืจื™ืช ืžืคืจื™ืฉื” ื”ื•ืจืžื•ืŸ ืžืขื•ืจืจ ื–ืงื™ืงื™ื, FSH,
01:02
which ripens a handful of follicles of the ovary
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ืฉืžื‘ืฉื™ืœ ืžืกืคืจ ื–ืงื™ืงื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื—ืœื”
01:05
that then release estrogen.
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ืฉืื– ืžืฉื—ืจืจื™ื ืืกื˜ืจื•ื’ืŸ.
01:07
Each follicle contains one egg,
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ื›ืœ ื–ืงื™ืง ืžื›ื™ืœ ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืช ืื—ืช,
01:09
and on average, only one follicle becomes fully mature.
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ื•ื‘ืžืžื•ืฆืข ืจืง ื–ืงื™ืง ืื—ื“ ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ืฉืœ ืœื’ืžืจื™.
01:14
As it grows and continues to release estrogen,
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ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ื’ื“ืœ ื•ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืœืฉื—ืจืจ ืืกื˜ืจื•ื’ืŸ,
01:17
this hormone not only helps coordinate growth and preparation of the uterus,
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ื”ื”ื•ืจืžื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืœื ืจืง ืขื•ื–ืจ ืœืชืื ื’ื“ื™ืœื” ื•ื”ื›ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืจื—ื,
01:21
it also communicates to the brain how well the follicle is developing.
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ื”ื•ื ื’ื ืžืชืงืฉืจ ืขื ื”ืžื•ื— ื›ืžื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ื”ื–ืงื™ืง ืžืชืคืชื—.
01:27
When the estrogen level is high enough,
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ื›ืฉืจืžืช ื”ืืกื˜ืจื•ื’ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืžืกืคื™ืง,
01:29
the anterior pituitary releases a surge of luteinizing hormone, LH,
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ื‘ืœื•ื˜ืช ื™ื•ืชืจืช ื”ืžื•ื— ื”ืื—ื•ืจื™ืช ืžืฉื—ืจืจืช ื ื—ืฉื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื•ืจืžื•ืŸ ืœื˜ื•ื ื™ื–ื™ืŸ, LH,
01:35
which triggers ovulation
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ืฉืžืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืฅ
01:37
and causes the follicle to rupture and release the egg.
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ื•ื’ื•ืจื ืœื–ืงื™ืง ืœื”ืคืงืข ื•ืœืฉื—ืจืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืช.
01:42
Once the egg leaves the ovary,
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ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืช ืขื•ื–ื‘ืช ืืช ื”ืฉื—ืœื”,
01:44
it is directed into the Fallopian tube by the finger-like fimbriae.
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ื”ื™ื ืžื•ืคื ื” ืœื—ืฆื•ืฆืจื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืื‘ืจ ื“ืžื•ื™ ืืฆื‘ืข.
01:49
If the egg is not fertilized by sperm within 24 hours,
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ืื ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืช ืœื ืžื•ืคืจื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื–ืจืข ืชื•ืš 24 ืฉืขื•ืช,
01:52
the unfertilized egg will die,
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ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืช ื”ืœื ืžื•ืคืจื” ืชืžื•ืช,
01:54
and the entire system will reset itself,
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ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ืชืืชื—ืœ ืืช ืขืฆืžื”,
01:57
preparing to create a new egg and uterine lining the following month.
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ืžืชื›ื•ื ื ืช ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืช ื—ื“ืฉื” ื•ืฆื™ืคื•ื™ ืจื—ื ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื”ื‘ื.
02:02
The egg is the largest cell in the body
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ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ
02:05
and is protected by a thick, extracellular shell of sugar
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ื•ืžื•ื’ื ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฆื™ืคื•ื™ ื—ื•ืฅ ืชืื™ ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ืขื‘ื” ืฉืœ ืกื•ื›ืจ
02:08
and protein called the zona pellucida.
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ื•ื—ืœื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืฉื ืงืจืื™ื ื”ื–ื•ื ื” ืคืœื•ืกื™ื“ื”.
02:12
The zona thwarts the entry and fusion of more than one sperm,
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ื”ื–ื•ื ื” ืžื•ื ืขืช ืืช ื”ื›ื ื™ืกื” ื•ื”ื”ืชืžื–ื’ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื–ืจืข ืื—ื“,
02:16
the smallest cell in the body.
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ื”ืชื ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ,
02:19
It takes a man two to three months to make sperm,
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ื–ื” ืœื•ืงื— ืœื’ื‘ืจ ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืขื“ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ื–ืจืข,
02:23
and the process constantly renews.
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ื•ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืžืชื—ื“ืฉ ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ.
02:26
Each ejaculation during sexual intercourse releases more than 100 million sperm.
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ื›ืœ ืคืœื™ื˜ื” ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืžื’ืข ืžื™ื ื™ ืžืฉื—ืจืจืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž 100 ืžืœื™ื•ืŸ ื–ืจืขื™ื.
02:31
But only 100 or so will ultimately make it to the proximity of the egg,
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ืื‘ืœ ืจืง 100 ื‘ืขืจืš ื™ื’ื™ืขื• ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืœืงืจื‘ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืช,
02:37
and only one will successfully penetrate through the armor of the zona pellucida.
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ื•ืจืง ืื—ื“ ื™ื—ื“ื•ืจ ื‘ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื“ืจืš ืฉืจื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื•ื ื” ืคืœื•ืกื™ื“ื”.
02:43
Upon successful fertilization,
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ืขื ื”ืคืจื™ื” ืžื•ืฆืœื—ืช,
02:45
the zygote immediately begins developing into an embryo,
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ื”ื–ื™ื’ื•ื˜ ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืžื™ื™ื“ ืœื”ืชืคืชื— ืœืขื•ื‘ืจ,
02:48
and takes about three days to reach the uterus.
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ื•ืœื•ืงื— ื‘ืขืจืš ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื™ืžื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืจื—ื.
02:52
There, it requires another three or so days
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ืฉื, ื”ื•ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืขื•ื“ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืขืจืš
02:54
to implant firmly into the endometrium, the inner lining of the uterus.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉืชื™ืœ ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ื—ื•ื–ืงื” ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืื ื“ื•ืžื˜ืจื™ื•ื, ื”ืฆื™ืคื•ื™ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืจื—ื.
02:59
Once implanted, the cells that are to become the placenta
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ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื•ืฉืชืœ, ื”ืชืื™ื ืฉื™ื”ืคื›ื• ืœืฉืœื™ื”
03:02
secrete a hormone that signals to the ovulated follicle
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ืžืคืจื™ืฉื™ื ื”ื•ืจืžื•ืŸ ืฉืžืื•ืชืช ืœื–ืงื™ืงื™ื ื”ืฉื—ืœืชื™ื™ื
03:06
that there is a pregnancy in the uterus.
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ืฉื™ืฉ ื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืจื—ื.
03:08
This helps rescue that follicle, now called the corpus luteum,
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ื–ื” ืขื•ื–ืจ ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืืช ื”ื–ืงื™ืงื™ื ื”ืืœื”, ืฉืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื ืงืจืื™ื ืงื•ืจืคื•ืก ืœื•ื˜ืื•ื,
03:12
from degenerating as it normally would do in that stage of the menstrual cycle.
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ืžืœื”ืชืคื•ืจืจ ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื ื•ืจืžืœื™ ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืฉืœื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื—ื–ื•ืจ ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™.
03:17
The corpus luteum is responsible for producing the progesterone
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ื”ืงื•ืจืคื•ืก ืœื•ื˜ืื•ื ืื—ืจืื™ ืœื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ืคืจื•ื’ืกื˜ืจื•ืŸ
03:20
required to maintain the pregnancy until six to seven weeks of gestation,
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ืฉื“ืจื•ืฉ ืœืชื—ื–ืง ืืช ื”ื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ ืขื“ ืœืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืฉื” ืขื“ ืฉื‘ืขื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช,
03:25
when the placenta develops and takes over,
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ื›ืฉื”ืฉืœื™ื” ืžืชืคืชื—ืช ื•ืœื•ืงื—ืช ืืช ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“,
03:28
until the baby is born approximately 40 weeks later.
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ืขื“ ืฉื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ื ื•ืœื“ ื‘ืขืจืš 40 ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
03:32
Now, how do you make a baby in a lab?
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืื™ืš ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืชื™ื ื•ืง ื‘ืžืขื‘ื“ื”?
03:35
In patients undergoing IVF,
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ื‘ืคืฆื™ื™ื ื˜ื™ื ืฉืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื IVF,
03:37
FSH is administered at levels that are higher than naturally occuring
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FSH ื ื™ืชืŸ ื‘ืจืžื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช ืžื”ืจืžื” ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช
03:42
to cause a controlled overstimulation of the ovaries
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื’ื™ืจื•ื™ ื™ืชืจ ืžื‘ื•ืงืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื—ืœื•ืช
03:45
so that they ultimately produce multiple eggs.
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ื›ืš ืฉื”ืŸ ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื™ื™ืฆืจื• ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื•ืช ืžืจื•ื‘ื•ืช.
03:49
The eggs are then retrieved just before ovulation would occur,
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ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื•ืช ื ืœืงื—ื•ืช ืžืžืฉ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื•ืฅ ืžืชืจื—ืฉ,
03:53
while the woman is under anesthesia,
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ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื”ืื™ืฉื” ืชื—ืช ื”ืจื“ืžื”,
03:55
through an aspirating needle that is guided by ultrasound.
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ื“ืจืš ืžื—ื˜ ื ื™ืฉื•ืฃ ืฉืžื•ื ื—ื™ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืื•ื˜ืœื˜ืจื” ืกืื•ื ื“.
04:00
Most sperm samples are produced by masturbation.
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ืจื•ื‘ ื“ื’ื™ืžื•ืช ื”ื–ืจืข ื ื•ืฆืจื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืื•ื ื ื•ืช.
04:05
In the laboratory, the identified eggs are stripped of surrounding cells
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ื‘ืžืขื‘ื“ื”, ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ื”ื•ืช ืžื•ืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ืžื”ืชืื™ื ื”ืžืงื™ืคื™ื
04:09
and prepared for fertilization in a petri dish.
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ื•ืžื›ื™ื ื™ื ืื•ืชืŸ ืœื”ืคืจื™ื” ื‘ืฆืœื—ืช ืคื˜ืจื™.
04:13
Fertilization can occur by one of two techniques.
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ื”ืคืจื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืชืจื—ืฉ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืื—ืช ืžืชื•ืš ืฉืชื™ ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงื•ืช,
04:16
In the first, the eggs are incubated with thousands of sperm
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ื‘ืจืืฉื•ื ื”, ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื“ื’ืจื•ืช ืขื ืืœืคื™ ื–ืจืขื™ื
04:20
and fertilization occurs naturally over a few hours.
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ื•ื”ืคืจื™ื” ืžืชืจื—ืฉืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืžืกืคืจ ืฉืขื•ืช.
04:24
The second technique maximizes certainty of fertilization
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ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ืžืžืงืกืžืช ืืช ื”ื•ื•ื“ืื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืคืจื™ื”
04:27
by using a needle to place a single sperm inside the egg.
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžื—ื˜ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžืงื ื–ืจืข ื‘ื•ื“ื“ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืช.
04:32
This is particularly useful when there is a problem with the quality of the sperm.
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ื–ื” ื™ืขื™ืœ ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื›ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ืขื™ื” ืขื ื”ืื™ื›ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื–ืจืข.
04:37
After fertilization, embryos can be further screened for genetic suitability,
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ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื”ืคืจื™ื”, ื”ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืกืงืจ ืขื•ื“ ืœื”ืชืืžื” ื’ื ื˜ื™ืช,
04:41
frozen for later attempted pregnancies,
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ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืงืคืื™ื ืœื ืกื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ ืžืื•ื—ืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ,
04:44
or delivered into the woman's uterus via catheter.
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ืื• ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœืจื—ื ื”ืื™ืฉื” ื“ืจืš ืงื˜ื˜ืจ.
04:48
Common convention is to transfer the embryo three days after fertilization,
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ื”ืžื•ืกื›ืžื” ื”ื ืคื•ืฆื” ื”ื™ื ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื™ืžื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื”ืคืจื™ื”,
04:53
when the embryo has eight cells,
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ื›ืฉืœืขื•ื‘ืจ ื™ืฉ ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืชืื™ื,
04:56
or on day five, when the embryo is called a blastocyst,
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ืื• ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ ื›ืฉื”ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื ืงืจื ื‘ืœืกื˜ื•ืฆื™ืกื˜,
05:01
and has hundreds of cells.
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืžืื•ืช ืชืื™ื.
05:03
If the woman's eggs are of poor quality due to age or toxic exposures,
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ืื ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ืฉื” ื‘ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื ืžื•ื›ื” ื‘ืฉืœ ื’ื™ืœ ืื• ื—ืฉื™ืคื” ืœื›ื™ืžื™ืงืœื™ื,
05:08
or have been removed due to cancer,
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ืื• ืฉื”ื•ืกืจื• ื‘ืฉืœ ืกืจื˜ืŸ,
05:11
donor eggs may be used.
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ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืช ืชื•ืจืžืช.
05:14
In the case that the intended mother has a problematic uterus, or lacks one,
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ื‘ืžืงื” ืฉืœืื ื”ืžื™ื•ืขื“ืช ื™ืฉ ืจื—ื ื‘ืขื™ื™ืชื™ ืื• ืฉืื™ื ื• ืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœืœ,
05:18
another woman, called the gestational carrier or surrogate,
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ืื™ืฉื” ืื—ืจืช, ืฉื ืงืจืืช ืื ืคื•ื ื“ืงืื™ืช,
05:22
can use her uterus to carry the pregnancy.
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืจื—ื ืฉืœื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืืช ืืช ื”ื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ.
05:26
To increase the odds of success,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืืช ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ื™ ื”ื”ืฆืœื—ื”,
05:28
which are as high as 40% for a woman younger than 35,
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ืฉื’ื•ื‘ื”ื ืขื“ 40% ื‘ื ืฉื™ื ืžืชื—ืช ืœื’ื™ืœ 35,
05:32
doctors sometimes transfer multiple embryos at once,
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ืจื•ืคืื™ื ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืžืขื‘ื™ืจื™ื ืžืกืคืจ ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืคืขื ืื—ืช,
05:36
which is why IVF results in twins and triplets
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ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืคืจื™ื” ื—ื•ืฅ ื’ื•ืคื™ืช ืžืกืชื™ื™ืžืช ื‘ืชืื•ืžื™ื ืื• ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ื•ืช
05:39
more often than natural pregnancies.
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืฉืจ ื‘ื”ืจื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื™ื.
05:43
However, most clinics seek to minimize the chances of multiple pregnancies,
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ืขื ื–ืืช, ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžืจืคืื•ืช ืžื ืกื•ืช ืœื”ืงื˜ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ืจื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืžืจื•ื‘ื™ ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื,
05:48
as they are riskier for mothers and babies.
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ืžืื—ืจ ื•ื”ื ืžืกื•ื›ื ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืืžื”ื•ืช ื•ืœืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช.
05:51
Millions of babies, like Louise Brown, have been born from IVF
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ืžืœื™ื•ื ื™ ื™ืœื“ื™ื, ื›ืžื• ืœื•ืื™ื– ื‘ืจืื•ืŸ, ื ื•ืœื“ื• ืžื”ืคืจื™ื” ื—ื•ืฅ ื’ื•ืคื™ืช
05:56
and have had normal, healthy lives.
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ื•ื—ื™ื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื ื ื•ืจืžืœื™ื ื•ื‘ืจื™ืื™ื.
05:59
The long-term health consequences of ovarian stimulation
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ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืืจื•ื›ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื•ื— ืฉืœ ื’ื™ืจื•ื™ ืฉื—ืœื•ืช
06:02
with IVF medicines are less clear,
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ืขื ืจืคื•ืืช IVF ื‘ืจื•ืจื•ืช ืคื—ื•ืช,
06:05
though so far, IVF seems safe for women.
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืขื“ ื›ื”, IVF ื ืจืื™ืช ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื” ืœื ืฉื™ื.
06:09
Because of better genetic testing,
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื’ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ,
06:11
delayed childbearing,
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ื”ืจื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืžืื•ื—ืจื™ื,
06:13
increased accessibility and diminishing cost,
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ืขืœื™ื” ื‘ื–ืžื™ื ื•ืช ื•ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ื‘ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช,
06:16
it's not inconceivable that artificial baby making via IVF and related techniques
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ื–ื” ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™ ืฉื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื“ืจืš IVF ื•ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงื•ืช ืงืฉื•ืจื•ืช
06:22
could outpace natural reproduction in years to come.
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ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืจื‘ื™ื™ื” ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื•ืช.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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