Could you live on the moon? - Alex Gendler

511,700 views ใƒป 2018-06-05

TED-Ed


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: Ido Dekkers ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Tal Dekkers
00:13
You roll out of bed and leap eight meters across your underground habitat.
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ืืชื ืžืชื’ืœื’ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื™ื˜ื” ื•ืงื•ืคืฆื™ื ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืžื˜ืจื™ื ืœืจื•ื—ื‘ ื”ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืชืช ืงืจืงืขื™ื™ื.
00:19
The greywater from your sink drains into a small greenhouse
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ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืืคื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ื›ื™ื•ืจ ืฉืœื›ื ืžืชื ืงื–ื™ื ืœื—ืžืžื” ืงื˜ื ื”
00:23
where your vegetables grow.
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ืฉื ื”ื™ืจืงื•ืช ืฉืœื›ื ื’ื“ืœื™ื.
00:25
After suiting up,
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ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืœื•ื‘ืฉื™ื ื—ืœื™ืคื”,
00:27
you head through a transport chute to inspect the generator.
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ืืชื ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ื“ืจืš ืžื’ืœืฉืช ืชืขื‘ื•ืจื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ื”ื’ื ืจื˜ื•ืจ.
00:31
Outside, itโ€™s pitch black - just as itโ€™s been for the last 12 days.
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ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ, ื”ื›ืœ ืฉื—ื•ืจ - ืžืžืฉ ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ 12 ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื.
00:37
This isnโ€™t some post-apocalyptic scenario; itโ€™s just another day of life on the moon.
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ื–ื” ืœื ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืžืฆื‘ ืืคื•ืงืœื™ืคื˜ื™; ื–ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื™ื•ื ื ื•ืกืฃ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื™ืจื—.
00:47
And with the European Space Agencyโ€™s idea
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ื•ืขื ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืกื•ื›ื ื•ืช ื”ื—ืœืœ ื”ืืจื•ืคืื™ืช
00:50
to establish a functioning "moon camp" by the 2020s,
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ืœื”ืงื™ื "ื‘ืกื™ืก ื™ืจื—" ืžืชืคืงื“ ืขื“ 2020,
00:53
that day may be closer than we think.
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ื–ื” ืื•ืœื™ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืงืจื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉืืชื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื.
00:57
Of course, living on the moon wonโ€™t be easy.
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ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื—ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื™ืจื— ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืงืœื™ื.
01:00
The camp envisioned is not so much a village as an inhabited research base
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ื”ืžื—ื ื” ืฉื—ื–ื• ื”ื•ื ืœื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื›ืคืจ ื›ืžื• ื‘ืกื™ืก ืžื—ืงืจ ืžืื•ื™ื™ืฉ
01:05
similar to those in places like Antarctica.
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ื‘ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืืœื” ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืื ื˜ืืจืงื˜ื™ืงื”.
01:08
But there are far greater obstacles to living on the moon than just cold weather.
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ืžื›ืฉื•ืœื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืœื—ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื™ืจื— ืžืจืง ืžื–ื’ ืื•ื™ืจ ืงืจ.
01:13
The biggest is cosmic radiation.
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ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื•ื ืงืจื™ื ื” ืงื•ืกืžื™ืช.
01:16
Unlike the Earth, the moon has no atmosphere and no magnetic field.
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ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ, ืœื™ืจื— ืื™ืŸ ืื˜ืžื•ืกืคื™ืจื” ื•ืœื ืฉื“ื” ืžื’ื ื˜ื™.
01:21
A person on its surface can receive over 400 times the maximum safe dosage
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ืื“ื ืขืœ ืคื ื™ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงื‘ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืคื™ 400 ืžื”ืžื™ื ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ื”ืžืงืกื™ืžืœื™
01:27
of heavy ion radiation,
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ืฉืœ ืงืจื™ื ืช ื™ื•ื ื™ื ืจื“ื™ื•ืืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช,
01:29
enough to be fatal within ten hours, even in a spacesuit.
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ืžืกืคื™ืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืงื˜ืœื ื™ื™ื ืชื•ืš ืขืฉืจ ืฉืขื•ืช, ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ื—ืœื™ืคืช ื—ืœืœ.
01:34
The first step would likely involve robots
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ื”ืฉืœื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื™ื›ืœื•ืœ ื›ื ืจืื” ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ื
01:36
and 3D printers constructing covered habitats from lunar soil,
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ื•ืžื“ืคืกื•ืช ืชืœืช ืžื™ืžื“ ืฉื™ื‘ื ื• ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ืžื›ื•ืกื™ื ืžืื“ืžืช ื”ื™ืจื—,
01:41
or building shelters inside caves
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ืื• ื™ื‘ื ื• ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ืžืขืจื•ืช
01:43
formed by lava tubes from the moonโ€™s volcanic past.
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ืฉื ื•ืฆืจื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฆื™ื ื•ืจื•ืช ืœื‘ื” ืžื”ืขื‘ืจ ื”ื•ื•ืœืงื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืจื—.
01:47
But what would the inhabitants live on?
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ืื‘ืœ ืขืœ ืžื” ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื™ื—ื™ื•?
01:50
Supplies would need to be transported from Earth at first.
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ืืกืคืงื” ืชืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉื•ื ืขืช ืžื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ื‘ื”ืชื—ืœื”.
01:53
Growing plants requires greenhouse soil and air rich in carbon dioxide,
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ืฆืžื—ื™ื ื’ื“ืœื™ื ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื ืื“ืžืช ื—ืžืžื” ื•ืื•ื™ืจ ืขืฉื™ืจ ื‘ืคื—ืžืŸ ื“ื• ื—ืžืฆื ื™,
01:58
a gas thatโ€™s rare on the moon,
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ื’ื– ื ื“ื™ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื™ืจื—,
02:00
but could be synthesized from recycled materials.
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื™ื•ืฆืจ ืžื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืžืžื•ื—ื–ืจื™ื.
02:03
A water treatment plant could be supplied by ice mined from the polar regions
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ืžืคืขืœ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืžื™ื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืกืคืงืช ืงืจื— ืžื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืงื•ื˜ื‘ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืจื—
02:08
using a specialized drill that can bore two meters beneath the lunar surface.
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ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืงื“ื— ืžื•ืชืื ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงื“ื•ื— ืฉื ื™ ืžื˜ืจ ืžืชื—ืช ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื™ืจื—.
02:13
Friendly bacteria and viruses necessary to the human microbiome and immune system
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ื’ื ื‘ืงื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ื™ื“ื™ื“ื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื•ื•ื™ืจื•ืกื™ื ื”ื›ืจื—ื™ื™ื ืœืžื™ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ ื•ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ืกื•ืŸ
02:18
would also have to be imported or synthesized on site.
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ื™ื”ื™ื• ื”ื›ืจื—ื™ื™ื ืœื”ื‘ืื” ืื• ืœืกื ื˜ื– ื‘ืžืงื•ื.
02:23
And lunar inhabitants would have to exercise for hours a day
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ื•ืžืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ื™ื ื™ืจื—ื™ื™ื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืชืืžืŸ ืฉืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ื
02:26
to maintain bone and muscle mass.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืžืจ ืžืืกืช ืขืฆื ื•ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื.
02:29
Thatโ€™s because the moonโ€™s gravity is just one-sixth that of the Earth,
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ื–ื” ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื›ื‘ื™ื“ืช ื”ื™ืจื— ื”ื™ื ืจืง ืฉื™ืฉื™ืช ืžื–ื• ืฉืœ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ,
02:33
and the everyday strain of working against gravity
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ื•ื”ืžืืžืฅ ื”ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืžื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžื•ืœ ื›ื‘ื™ื“ื”
02:35
is part of what keeps our bodies healthy.
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ื”ื•ื ื—ืœืง ืžืžื” ืฉืฉื•ืžืจ ืขืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ืจื™ื.
02:39
It might seem strange to go to all this trouble
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ื–ื” ืื•ืœื™ ื ืจืื” ืžื•ื–ืจ ืœื”ืชืืžืฅ ื›ืœ ื›ืš
02:42
to build a base on a dead rock weโ€™ve already visited.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื‘ืกื™ืก ืขืœ ืกืœืข ืžืช ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืงืจื ื•.
02:45
But NASAโ€™s Apollo missions only explored small portions of the moon.
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ืื‘ืœ ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช ืืคื•ืœื• ืฉืœ ื ืืกื ืจืง ื—ืงืจื• ื—ืœืงื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ืžื”ื™ืจื—.
02:50
Weโ€™ve made many discoveries since then,
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ืขืฉื™ื ื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ื™ื ืžืื–,
02:52
such as ice near the poles and particles of solar wind gases
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ื›ืžื• ืงืจื— ืœื™ื“ ื”ืงื˜ื‘ื™ื ื•ื—ืœืงื™ืงื™ื ืฉืœ ื’ื–ื™ ืจื•ื— ืกื•ืœืจื™ืช
02:56
that date back billions of years.
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ืฉืžืชื•ืืจื›ื™ื ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ื™ ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ืขื‘ืจ.
02:59
They collectively show that the moon has much more to teach us
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ื”ื ื”ืจืื• ื™ื—ื“ ืฉืœื™ืจื— ื™ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืœืœืžื“ ืื•ืชื ื•
03:02
about the history of our solar system.
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ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื”ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืฉืžืฉ.
03:04
A radio telescope on its far side could observe the cosmos,
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ืจื“ื™ื• ื˜ืœืกืงื•ืค ื‘ืฆื“ ื”ืจื—ื•ืง ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื˜ ื‘ืงื•ืกืžื•ืก,
03:08
shielded from the Earthโ€™s electromagnetic interference.
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ืžื•ื’ืŸ ืžื”ื”ืคืจืขื•ืช ื”ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ืžื’ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ.
03:12
And the lunar surface is rich in minerals, like silicon, aluminum, and magnesium,
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ื•ืคื ื™ ื”ื™ืจื— ืขืฉื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื ืจืœื™ื, ื›ืžื• ืกื™ืœื™ืงื•ืŸ, ืืœื•ืžื™ื ื™ื•ื, ื•ืžื’ื ื–ื™ื•ื,
03:17
creating great economic potential for mining.
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ื•ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืœื›ืจื™ื”.
03:21
But the biggest benefit of the moon camp may not lie on the moon but beyond it.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืชื•ืขืœืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื‘ืกื™ืก ื™ืจื— ืื•ืœื™ ืœื ื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ื™ืจื— ืืœื ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื•.
03:26
With the nearest possibly habitable world light-years away,
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ืขื ื”ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืžืจื—ืง ืฉื ื•ืช ืื•ืจ,
03:30
and the International Space Station to be retired in about a decade,
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ื•ืชื—ื ืช ื”ื—ืœืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืฉืชื•ืฆื ืœื’ืžืœืื•ืช ืขื•ื“ ื‘ืขืจืš ืขืฉื•ืจ,
03:34
a moon base would be our first foothold
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ื‘ืกื™ืก ื™ืจื— ื™ื”ื™ื” ื”ืื—ื™ื–ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœื ื•
03:37
towards becoming an interplanetary species.
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ื‘ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœืžื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™.
03:40
And proposals such as the Deep Space Gateway
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ื•ื”ืฆืขื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืฉืขืจ ืœื—ืœืœ ื”ืขืžื•ืง
03:42
envision launching future missions from lunar orbit.
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ื—ื•ื–ื•ืช ืฉื™ื’ื•ืจ ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช ืขืชื™ื“ื™ื•ืช ืžืžืกืœื•ืœ ื™ืจื—ื™.
03:46
The smaller gravitational pull would require less fuel to overcome,
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ื”ื›ื‘ื™ื“ื” ื”ื—ืœืฉื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืชื“ืจื•ืฉ ืคื—ื•ืช ื“ืœืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชื’ื‘ืจ ืขืœื™ื”,
03:50
allowing for larger ships and more cargo.
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ื•ืชืืคืฉืจ ืœืกืคื™ื ื•ืช ื—ืœืœ ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื˜ืขืŸ.
03:54
Meanwhile, the base on the surface could serve as a testing ground
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ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื, ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ืฉื˜ื— ื™ืฉืจืช ื›ื‘ืกื™ืก ืœื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช
03:57
for future space operations,
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ืฉืœ ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื—ืœืœ ืขืชื™ื“ื™ื•ืช,
03:59
a refueling station,
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ืชื—ื ืช ืชื“ืœื•ืง,
04:01
and a supply depot all in one.
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ื•ืžื—ืกืŸ ืืกืคืงื”.
04:04
With Europe, Russia, China, and the US expressing interest in the project,
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ืขื ืื™ืจื•ืคื”, ืจื•ืกื™ื”, ืกื™ืŸ ื•ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ืžื‘ื™ืขื™ื ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜,
04:09
the moon camp may come to involve
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ื‘ืกื™ืก ื”ื™ืจื— ืื•ืœื™ ื™ื›ืœื•ืœ
04:11
the space agencies of all major nations, as well as private companies.
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ืืช ืกื•ื›ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ืœืœ ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช, ื›ืžื• ื’ื ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช.
04:15
Within a few decades,
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ืชื•ืš ื›ืžื” ืขืฉื•ืจื™ื,
04:16
the moon may be bustling with mining operations,
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ื”ื™ืจื— ืื•ืœื™ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื”ื•ืžื” ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื›ืจื™ื”,
04:19
research stations,
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ืชื—ื ื•ืช ืžื—ืงืจ,
04:20
and tourist routes
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ื•ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ ืชื™ื™ืจื™ื
04:22
alongside a construction yard under an orbiting space port.
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ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื—ืฆืจ ื‘ื ื™ื” ืชื—ืช ื ืžืœ ื—ืœืœ ื‘ืžืกืœื•ืœ.
04:25
We may have already visited the moon,
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ืื•ืœื™ ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืงืจื ื• ื‘ื™ืจื—,
04:27
but now weโ€™re closer than ever to making it part of humanityโ€™s home.
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ืื‘ืœ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื ื—ื ื• ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืžืชืžื™ื“ ืœืœื”ืคื•ืš ืื•ืชื• ืœื—ืœืง ืžื”ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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