How to defeat a dragon with math - Garth Sundem

4,601,278 views ใƒป 2013-01-15

TED-Ed


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

00:00
Translator: Andrea McDonough Reviewer: Bedirhan Cinar
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ืชืจื’ื•ื: Ido Dekkers ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Mark Freehoff
00:14
Once upon a time
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ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืฉื ื™ื
00:15
in the magical and very round Land of Pi,
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ื‘ืืจืฅ ืงืกื•ืžื” ื•ืžืื•ื“ ืขื’ื•ืœื” ืคืื™,
00:18
there lived six swashbuckling musketeers.
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ื—ื™ื• ืฉื™ืฉื” ืžื•ืกืงื™ื˜ืจื™ื ืืžื™ืฆื™ื.
00:22
There names were Parentheses,
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ื”ืฉืžื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืกื•ื’ืจื™ื™ื,
00:24
Exponents,
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ื—ื–ืงื”,
00:25
Multiplication,
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00:25
Division,
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ื›ืคืœ,
ื—ืœื•ืงื”,
00:26
Addition,
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ื”ื•ืกืคื”,
00:27
and Subtraction.
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ื•ื”ื—ืกืจื”.
00:28
But each was known best by his or her mark:
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื”ื™ื” ื™ื“ื•ืข ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ืกื™ืžืŸ ืฉืœื•:
00:32
the two hands ready to catch a fly of Parentheses,
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ืฉืชื™ ื”ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ืžื•ื›ื ื•ืช ืœืœื›ื•ื“ ื–ื‘ื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ืกื•ื’ืจื™ื™ื,
00:35
the small and raised digits of Exponents,
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ื”ืžืกืคืจื™ื ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื•ื”ืžื•ื’ื‘ื”ื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ื–ืงื”,
00:38
the mighty X of Multiplication,
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ื” X ื”ื—ื–ืง ืฉืœ ื›ืคืœ,
00:40
slash of Division,
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ื”ืงื• ื”ืืœื›ืกื•ื ื™ ืฉืœ ื—ืœื•ืงื”,
00:41
plus of Addition,
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ืคืœื•ืก ืฉืœ ื”ื•ืกืคื”,
00:42
and, well, you can guess the symbol
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ื•, ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื ื—ืฉ ืืช ื”ืกืžืœ
00:44
by which little Subtraction was best known.
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ื‘ื• ื—ื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ื™ื“ื•ืข ื‘ื•.
00:48
The Land of Pi was not necessarily the most peaceful place,
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ืืจืฅ ืคื™ื™ ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ืืจืฅ ื”ื›ื™ ืฉืงื˜ื” ื‘ื”ื›ืจื—,
00:52
and that's why the numbers of the kingdom
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืžืกืคืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืžืœื›ื”
00:54
needed the musketeers.
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ื”ื™ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื•ืกืงื™ื˜ืจื™ื.
00:56
The Land of Pi had been ruled by the numbers
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ืืจืฅ ืคื™ื™ ื ืฉืœื˜ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžืกืคืจื™ื
00:59
as anarcho-syndicalist commune,
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ื›ืงื•ืžื•ื ื” ืื ืจื›ื™ืช ืกื™ื ื“ื™ืงื˜ื™ืช,
01:01
each number with a vote,
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ื›ืœ ืžืกืคืจ ืขื ื–ื›ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื™ืจื”,
01:03
but, one powerful number from what we'll call the Imperial Senate,
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ืื‘ืœ, ืžืกืคืจ ืื—ื“ ื—ื–ืง ืžืžื” ืฉื ืงืจื ืœื• ื”ืกื ืื˜ ื”ืื™ืžืคืจื™ืืœื™,
01:07
engineered a war between some robot things
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ืชื™ื›ื ืŸ ืžืœื—ืžื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืžื” ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ื
01:09
and the knights of the kingdom,
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ื•ืื‘ื™ืจื™ ื”ืžืžืœื›ื”,
01:11
and then installed himself as Supreme Emperor,
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ื•ืื– ื”ืคืš ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ืœืงื™ืกืจ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ,
01:14
and then Puff the Magic Digit Dragon ate him,
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ื•ืื– ืคืืฃ ื“ืจืงื•ืŸ ื”ืกืคืจื•ืช ื”ืงืกื•ื ืื›ืœ ืื•ืชื•,
01:17
and a princess or two,
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ื•ื ืกื™ื›ื” ืื• ืฉืชื™ื™ื,
01:19
and, well, all the other numbers in the Land of Pi actually.
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ื•, ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžืกืคืจื™ื ื‘ืืจืฅ ืคื™ื™ ืœืžืขืฉื”.
01:24
It was kind of a big day.
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื ื’ื“ื•ืœ.
01:27
Anyway, the musketeers were called to action
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืื•ืคืŸ, ื”ืžื•ืกืงื™ื˜ืจื™ื, ื ืงืจืื• ืœืคืขื•ืœื”
01:30
to save the Land of Pi from the voracious dragon.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืืช ืืจืฅ ืคื™ื™ ืžื”ื“ืจืงื•ืŸ ื”ืจืขื‘ืชื ื™.
01:33
They rode towards him on their valiant steeds and attacked.
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ื”ื ืจื›ื‘ื• ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ื ื• ืขืœ ื”ืกื•ืกื™ื ื”ืืžื™ืฆื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ื•ืชืงืคื•.
01:37
First Multiplication,
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ืจืืฉื™ืช ื›ืคืœ,
01:38
then Parentheses,
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ืื– ืกื•ื’ืจื™ื™ื,
01:40
but that didn't work.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืœื ืขื‘ื“.
01:42
The dragon continued eating people.
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ื”ื“ืจืงื•ืŸ ื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืื ืฉื™ื.
01:44
So Addition tried, but was thrown aside.
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ืื– ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื ื™ืกื”, ื•ื ื–ืจืง ื”ืฆื™ื“ื”.
01:47
Exponents leaped at the beast
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ื—ื–ืงื” ืงืคืฅ ืขืœ ื”ื—ื™ื”
01:50
and was quickly squashed.
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ื•ื ืžืขืš ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช.
01:52
Nothing was working.
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ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื ืขื‘ื“.
01:54
The musketeers huddled and formulated a plan.
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ื”ืžื•ืกืงื™ื˜ืจื™ื ื”ืชื›ื ืกื• ื•ื”ืขืœื• ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช.
01:57
They would attack in sequence,
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ื”ื ื™ืชืงืคื• ื‘ืจืฆืฃ,
02:00
but who should go first?
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื™ ื™ืชื—ื™ืœ?
02:02
They bickered for a while,
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ื”ื ื”ืชื•ื•ื›ื—ื• ืœื–ืžืŸ ืžื”,
02:04
the dragon ate a few more princesses,
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ื”ื“ืจืงื•ืŸ ืื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ื›ืžื” ื ืกื™ื›ื•ืช,
02:06
and then they finally agreed.
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ื•ืื– ื”ื ื”ืกื›ื™ืžื• ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ.
02:09
They jumped into the first, smallest parentheses
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ื”ื ืงืคืฆื• ืœืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ื”ืกื•ื’ืจื™ื™ื ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื
02:11
inside the great Puff the Digit Dragon.
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ื‘ืชื•ืš ื“ืจืงื•ืŸ ื”ืกืคืจื•ืช.
02:15
Parentheses pointed out where to work first
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ื”ืกื•ื’ืจื™ื™ื ื”ืจืื• ืื™ืคื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืงื•ื“ื
02:17
and protected Exponents, Multiplication, Division,
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ื•ื”ื’ื ื• ืขืœ ื—ื–ืงื”, ื›ืคืœ ื•ื—ื™ืœื•ืง,
02:20
Addition, and Subtraction
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ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ื—ื™ืกื•ืจ
02:22
while they diced and sliced.
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ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ื ื—ืชื›ื• ื•ื›ืชืฉื•.
02:24
First here,
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ืงื•ื“ื ืคื”,
02:25
then, move over there,
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ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ืขื‘ืจื• ืœืฉื,
02:27
then there.
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ื•ืื– ืœืฉื.
02:28
Look out! There's another set!
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ืชื™ื–ื”ืจื•! ื™ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ืกื˜!
02:31
Parentheses pointed and Exponents took the lead.
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ืกื•ื’ืจื™ื™ื ื”ืฆื‘ื™ืข ื•ื—ื–ืงื” ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ.
02:34
Then, it was Multiplication, Division,
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ืื–, ื›ืคืœ, ื—ื™ืœื•ืง,
02:36
Addition, and Subtraction, each in turn,
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ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ื•ื—ื™ืกื•ืจ, ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืชื•ืจื•,
02:39
always the same order.
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ืชืžื™ื“ ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืกื“ืจ.
02:41
P-E-M-D-A-S
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ืก-ื—-ื›-ื—-ื—-ื—
02:45
When they finished that set, they went to another,
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ื›ืฉื”ื ืกื™ื™ืžื• ืืช ื”ืกื˜, ื”ื ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืื—ื“ ื ื•ืกืฃ,
02:47
and another,
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ื•ืขื•ื“ ืื—ื“,
02:48
always working inside the parentheses in PEMDAS order.
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ืชืžื™ื“ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืกื•ื’ืจื™ื™ื ืœืคื™ ื”ืกื“ืจ ืก-ื—-ื›-ื—-ื—-ื—.
02:53
Pop! Pop! Pop! Pop! Pop!
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ืคื•ืค! ืคื•ืค! ืคื•ืค! ืคื•ืค! ืคื•ืค!
02:56
PEMDAS, there is another spot!
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ืก-ื—-ื›-ื—-ื—-ื—, ื”ื ื” ืขื•ื“ ื ืงื•ื“ื”!
02:59
Don't forget, there can be parentheses inside parentheses.
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ืืœ ืชืฉื›ื—ื•, ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืกื•ื’ืจื™ื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ืกื•ื’ืจื™ื™ื.
03:03
There's one!
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ื”ื ื” ืื—ื“!
03:04
And that tricky exponent.
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ื•ื”ื—ื–ืงื” ื”ื‘ืขื™ื™ืชื™ืช ื”ื–ื•.
03:06
There we go!
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ื”ื ื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื!
03:07
Finally, the PEMDAS Musketeers had whittled Puff
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ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ื”ืžื•ืกืงื™ื˜ืจื™ื ืก-ื—-ื›-ื—-ื—-ื— ื”ื›ื ื™ืขื• ืืช ืคืืฃ
03:11
down to his last fearsome roar.
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ืœืฉืื’ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืฉืœื•.
03:14
But, having vanquished Puff the Magic Digit Dragon,
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ืื‘ืœ, ืžืื—ืจ ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืกื• ืืช ืคืืฃ ื“ืจืงื•ืŸ ื”ืกืคืจื•ืช ื”ืงืกื•ื,
03:18
all the empire's numbers sprang again from this tiny little number one,
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ื›ืœ ื”ืžืกืคืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืžืœื›ื” ืงืคืฆื• ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืžืกืคืจ ืื—ื“ ื”ื–ืขื™ืจ ืฉืœื•,
03:23
and they all lived happily ever after.
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ื•ื›ื•ืœื ื—ื™ื• ื‘ืื•ืฉืจ ื•ืขื•ืฉืจ.
03:28
Except for the Emperor Number,
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ื—ื•ืฅ ืžืžืกืคืจ ื”ืงื™ืกืจ,
03:30
which they threw into the mouth
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ืื•ืชื• ื”ื ื–ืจืงื• ืœืชื•ืš ืคื™ื•
03:31
of an ancient nesting creature in the desert.
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ืฉืœ ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžืงื ืŸ ืขืชื™ืง ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ.
03:33
The End.
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ื”ืกื•ืฃ.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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