The electrifying speeches of Sojourner Truth - Daina Ramey Berry

511,580 views ใƒป 2020-04-28

TED-Ed


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Ido Dekkers
00:06
In early 1828, Sojourner Truth approached the Grand Jury of Kingston, New York.
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ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช 1828, ืกื•ื’โ€˜ื•ืจื ืจ ืชืจื•ืชโ€™ ื ื™ื’ืฉื” ืœื—ื‘ืจ ื”ืžื•ืฉื‘ืขื™ื ื‘ืงื™ื ื’ืกื˜ื•ืŸ ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง.
00:12
She had no experience with the legal system,
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ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœื” ืฉื•ื ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ืช,
00:14
no money, and no power in the eyes of the court.
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ืœื ื›ืกืฃ, ื•ืœื ื›ื•ื— ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜.
00:18
Ignoring the juryโ€™s scorn,
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ืžืชืขืœืžืช ืžืžื‘ื˜ื™ ื”ืฉื ืื” ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจ ื”ืžื•ืฉื‘ืขื™ื,
00:19
Truth said she was there to fight for custody of her five-year-old son Peter,
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ืชืจื•ืชโ€ฒ ืืžืจื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืฉื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืœื—ื ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืžื•ืจืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ืžืฉ ืคื˜ืจ,
00:24
whoโ€™d been illegally sold to an enslaver in Alabama.
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ืฉื ืžื›ืจ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืœื ื—ื•ืงื™ ืœืžืฉืขื‘ื“ ื‘ืืœื‘ืžื”.
00:27
As the trial played out over the next several months,
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ื›ืฉื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืชืงื“ื ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื,
00:30
Truth raised funds, strategized with lawyers,
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ืชืจื•ืชโ€ฒ ื’ื™ื™ืกื” ื›ืกืคื™ื, ืชื›ื ื ื” ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื•ืช ืขื ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื“ื™ืŸ,
00:33
and held her faith.
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ื•ื”ื—ื–ื™ืงื” ื‘ืืžื•ื ืชื”.
00:35
Finally in the spring of 1828, Peter was returned to her careโ€”
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ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื‘ืื‘ื™ื‘ 1828, ืคื˜ืจ ื”ื•ื—ื–ืจ ืœื—ื–ืงืชื” --
00:40
but Truthโ€™s work was far from over.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืชืจื•ืช' ื”ื™ืชื” ืจื—ื•ืงื” ืžืœื”ืกืชื™ื™ื.
00:42
She would dedicate the rest of her life to pursuing justice
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ื”ื™ื ื”ืงื“ื™ืฉื” ืืช ืฉืืจ ื—ื™ื™ื” ืœืžืจื“ืฃ ืื—ืจื™ ืฆื“ืง
00:45
and spiritual understanding.
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ื•ื”ื‘ื ื” ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช.
00:48
Truth was born into slavery as Isabella Baumfree
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ืชืจื•ืช' ื ื•ืœื“ื” ืœืขื‘ื“ื•ืช ื›ืื™ื–ื‘ืœื” ื‘ืื•ืžืคืจื™
00:50
in the late 18th century in Ulster County, New York.
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ื‘ืฉืœื”ื™ ื”ืžืื” ื” 18 ื‘ืžื—ื•ื– ืื•ืœืกื˜ืจ ื‘ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง.
00:54
Although New York state had announced the abolition of slavery in 1799,
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืžื“ื™ื ืช ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง ื”ื›ืจื™ื–ื” ืขืœ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื”ืขื‘ื“ื•ืช ื‘ 1799,
00:58
the emancipation act was gradual.
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ื—ื•ืง ื”ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ื”ื™ื” ื”ื“ืจื’ืชื™.
01:01
Those who were currently enslaved
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ืืœื• ืฉื”ื™ื• ืžืฉื•ืขื‘ื“ื™ื ื›ืจื’ืข
01:02
were forced to serve a period of indentured servitude until their mid-20s.
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ื”ื™ื• ืžื•ื›ืจื—ื™ื ืœืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืขื‘ื•ื“ ืขื“ ืืžืฆืข ืฉื ื•ืช ื” 20 ืฉืœื”ื.
01:07
Throughout this period, enslavers repeatedly sold Baumfree,
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ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื”ื–ื•, ื”ืžืฉืขื‘ื“ื™ื ืžื›ืจื• ืืช ื‘ืืžืคืจื™ ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘,
01:10
tearing her from her loved ones.
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ื•ืงืจืขื• ืื•ืชื” ืžืื”ื•ื‘ื™ื”.
01:13
Often, she was explicitly prevented from pursuing new relationships.
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ื”ืจื‘ื” ืคืขืžื™ื, ืžื ืขื• ืžืžื ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ ืžืœืคืชื•ื— ื‘ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื.
01:17
Eventually, she married an enslaved man named Thomas,
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ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ื”ื™ื ื ื™ืฉืื” ืœื’ื‘ืจ ืžืฉื•ืขื‘ื“ ื‘ืฉื ืชื•ืžืืก,
01:20
with whom she had three children.
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ืื™ืชื• ื”ื‘ื™ืื” ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื™ืœื“ื™ื.
01:23
She was desperate to keep her new family togetherโ€”
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ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ืชื” ื ื•ืืฉืช ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืžืฉืคื—ืชื” ืฉืœืžื” --
01:25
but the slow progress of abolition threatened this hope.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ื”ืื™ื˜ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื”ืขื‘ื“ื•ืช ืื™ื™ื ืขืœ ืชืงื•ื•ืชื”.
01:29
Baumfreeโ€™s enslaver, John Dumont, had promised to free her by 1826.
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ื”ืžืฉืขื‘ื“ ืฉืœ ื‘ืื•ืžืคืจื™, ื’โ€™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืžื•ื ื˜, ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืœืฉื—ืจืจ ืื•ืชื” ืขื“ 1826.
01:34
When he failed to keep his word, Baumfree fled for her safety.
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ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื ืขืžื“ ื‘ืžื™ืœืชื•, ื‘ืื•ืžืคืจื™ ื‘ืจื—ื” ืœืžื‘ื˜ื—ื™ื.
01:38
During the escape, she was only able to rescue her youngest daughter Sophia,
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ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื‘ืจื™ื—ื” ืฉืœื”, ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ืชื” ืžืกื•ื’ืœืช ืจืง ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืืช ื‘ื™ืชื” ื”ืฆืขื™ืจื” ืกื•ืคื™ื”,
01:43
while her other children remained in bondage.
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ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื™ืœื“ื™ื” ื”ืื—ืจื™ื ื ืฉืืจื• ื›ื‘ื•ืœื™ื.
01:46
It would be two years before she regained custody of Peter.
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ื™ืงื— ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ืขื“ ืฉืชืงื‘ืœ ืžืฉืžื•ืจืช ืขืœ ืคื˜ืจ.
01:49
After that, she would wait another two years
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ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ, ื”ื™ื ื—ื™ื›ืชื” ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช
01:52
before she saw any of her other children.
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ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืจืืชื” ืืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื” ื”ืื—ืจื™ื.
01:55
During this time, Baumfree found solace in her faith
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ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื–ื”, ื‘ืื•ืžืคืจื™ ืžืฆืื” ื ื—ืžื” ื‘ืืžื•ื ืชื”
01:58
and became increasingly dedicated to religious reflection.
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ื•ื”ืคื›ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ืชื•ื ื” ืœื”ืฉืชืงืคื•ืช ื“ืชื™ืช.
02:02
After settling in Kingston, New York,
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ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ื” ื‘ืงื™ื ื’ืกื˜ื•ืŸ, ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง,
02:04
she joined a Methodist community that shared her political views.
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ื”ื™ื ื”ืฆื˜ืจืคื” ืœืงื”ื™ืœื” ื”ืžืชื•ื“ื™ืกื˜ื™ืช ืฉื—ืœืงื” ืืช ื”ื“ืขื•ืช ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื”.
02:07
She continued her practice of speaking aloud to God in private,
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ื”ื™ื ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื” ืืช ืžื ื”ื’ื” ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืงื•ืœ ืœืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื‘ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช,
02:11
and one night, her evening prayers took on even more sacred significance.
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ื•ืœื™ืœื” ืื—ื“, ืชืคื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืขืจื‘ ืฉืœื” ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืืคื™ืœื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืงื“ื•ืฉื”.
02:16
Baumfree claimed to hear the voice of God, telling her to leave Kingston,
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ื‘ืื•ืžืคืจื™ ื˜ืขื ื” ืฉืฉืžืขื” ืืช ืงื•ืœ ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ื, ืฉืืžืจ ืœื” ืœืขื–ื•ื‘ ืืช ืงื™ื ื’ืกื˜ื•ืŸ,
02:20
and share her holy message with others.
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ื•ืœื—ืœื•ืง ืืช ื”ืžืกืจ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ืฉืœื” ืขื ืื—ืจื™ื.
02:23
Though she never learned to read or write,
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ืœืžื“ื” ืœืงืจื•ื ืื• ืœื›ืชื•ื‘,
02:25
Baumfree became known as an electrifying orator,
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ื‘ืื•ืžืคืจื™ ื”ืคื›ื” ืœื™ื“ื•ืขื” ื›ื ื•ืืžืช ืžื—ืฉืžืœืช,
02:28
whose speeches drew on Biblical references,
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ืฉื”ื ืื•ืžื™ื ืฉืœื” ืžืฉื›ื• ืžื”ื›ืชื‘ื™ื ื”ื“ืชื™ื™ื,
02:30
spiritual ideals, and her experience of slavery.
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ืื™ื“ื™ืืœื™ื ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื™ื, ื•ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืฉืœื” ื‘ืขื‘ื“ื•ืช.
02:34
Her sermons denounced the oppression of African Americans and women in general,
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ื”ื”ื˜ืคื•ืช ืฉืœื” ื”ื•ืงื™ืขื• ืืช ื”ื“ื™ื›ื•ื™ ืฉืœ ืืคืจื• ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื ื•ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ืœืœื™,
02:38
and became prominent in campaigns for both abolition and womenโ€™s rights.
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ื•ื”ืคื›ื” ืœื‘ื•ืœื˜ืช ื‘ืžืกืขื•ืช ื’ื ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื”ืขื‘ื“ื•ืช ื•ื’ื ืœื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ืฉื™ื.
02:43
In 1843, she renamed herself Sojourner Truth
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ื‘ 1843, ื”ื™ื ืฉื™ื ืชื” ืืช ืฉืžื” ืœืกื•ื’โ€˜ืจื ืจ ืชืจื•ืชโ€™ (ืืžืช ื ื•ื“ื“ืช)
02:47
and embarked on a legendary speaking tour.
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ื•ืคืฆื—ื” ื‘ืกื‘ื‘ ื ืื•ืžื™ื ืื’ื“ื™.
02:50
Truth saw her journey as a mission from God.
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ืชืจื•ืช' ืจืืชื” ืืช ื”ืžืกืข ืฉืœื” ื›ืžืฉื™ืžื” ืžืืœื•ื”ื™ื.
02:53
Her faith often led her to the nationโ€™s most hostile regions,
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ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ืฉืœื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ืคืขืžื™ื ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืื•ืชื” ืœืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ืขื•ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ืžื”,
02:56
where she spoke to bigoted audiences as the only Black woman in the crowd.
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ืฉื ื”ื™ื ื“ื™ื‘ืจื” ืœืงื”ืœื™ื ื’ื–ืขื ื™ื™ื ื›ืื™ืฉื” ื”ืฉื—ื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ื‘ืงื”ืœ.
03:01
Truth was confident God would protect her,
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ืชืจื•ืช' ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื” ืฉืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื™ื’ืŸ ืขืœื™ื”,
03:03
but some crowds responded to her bravery with violence.
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืžื” ืงื”ืœื™ื ื”ื’ื™ื‘ื• ืœืื•ืžืฅ ืฉืœื” ื‘ืืœื™ืžื•ืช.
03:07
During one of her sermons,
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ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื“ืจืฉื” ืื—ืช,
03:08
a mob of white men threatened to set fire to the tent where she was speaking.
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ื”ืžื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืœื‘ื ื™ื ืื™ื™ื ืœื”ืฆื™ืช ืืช ื”ืื•ื”ืœ ื‘ื• ื”ื™ื ื“ื™ื‘ืจื”.
03:12
In her memoir, Truth recalled steeling herself to confront them:
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ื‘ื–ื›ืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื”, ืชืจื•ืชโ€ฒ ื ื–ื›ืจื” ืฉื—ื™ืฉืœื” ืืช ืขืฆืžื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชืขืžืช ืื™ืชื:
03:17
โ€œHave I not faith enough to go out and quell that mobโ€ฆ
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โ€œื”ืื ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ ืžืกืคื™ืง ืืžื•ื ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฆืืช ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ื”ืงื”ืœ...
03:20
I felt as if I had three hearts!
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ื”ืจื’ืฉืชื™ ื›ืื™ืœื• ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืœื‘ื‘ื•ืช!
03:22
And that they were so large, my body could hardly hold them!โ€
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ื•ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื, ืฉื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœื™ ื‘ืงื•ืฉื™ ื”ื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืง ืื•ืชื!โ€
03:26
She placated the men with song and prayer, until they had no desire to harm her.
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ื”ื™ื ื”ืจื’ื™ืข ืืช ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืขื ืฉื™ืจ ื•ืชืคื™ืœื”, ืขื“ ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ื”.
03:31
Truthโ€™s speeches impacted thousands of people in communities across the nation,
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ื”ื ืื•ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ืชืจื•ืชโ€ฒ ื”ืฉืคื™ืขื• ืขืœ ืืœืคื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืื•ืžื”,
03:35
but her activism went far beyond public speaking.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื–ื ืฉืœื” ืขื‘ืจ ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื ืื•ื ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™.
03:39
During the Civil War, she became involved with the Union Army,
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ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื, ื”ื™ื ื”ืคื›ื” ืœืžืขื•ืจื‘ืช ื‘ืฆื‘ื ื”ืื™ื—ื•ื“,
03:42
recruiting soldiers and organizing supplies for Black troops.
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ื’ื™ื™ืกื” ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ื•ืืจื’ื ื” ืืกืคืงื” ืœื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ื”ืฉื—ื•ืจื™ื.
03:46
Her work was so well regarded that she was invited to meet President Lincoln.
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ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื” ื”ื™ืชื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื™ื“ื•ืขื” ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ื•ื–ืžื ื” ืœื”ืคื’ืฉ ืขื ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืœื™ื ืงื•ืœืŸ.
03:50
She took the occasion to argue that all formerly enslaved people
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ื”ื™ื ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื” ื‘ืืจื•ืข ื›ื“ื™ ืœื˜ืขื•ืŸ ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ืžืฉื•ืขื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ืขื‘ืจ
ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืื“ืžื” ืžื”ืžืžืฉืœื”.
03:54
should be granted land by the government.
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03:56
Truth continued to travel and speak well into her 80s.
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ืชืจื•ืชโ€ฒ ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื” ืœื ืกื•ืข ื•ืœื ืื•ื ืขื“ ืฉื ื•ืช ื” 80 ืฉืœื”.
04:00
Until her death in 1883, she remained an outspoken critic
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ืขื“ ืžื•ืชื” ื‘ 1883, ื”ื™ื ื ืฉืืจื” ืžื‘ืงืจืช ื’ืœื•ื™ื”
04:04
who fought for her right to be heard in a hostile world.
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ืฉื ืœื—ืžื” ืขืœ ื–ื›ื•ืชื” ืœื”ืฉืžืข ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืขื•ื™ื™ืŸ.
04:08
As Truth once said, โ€œI feel safe even in the midst of my enemies;
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ื›ืžื• ืฉืชืจื•ืชโ€ฒ ืืžืจื”, โ€œืื ื™ ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื” ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื” ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ื™ื‘ื™;
04:13
for the truth is powerful and will prevail."
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ืžืื—ืจ ื•ื”ืืžืช ื—ื–ืงื” ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืชื’ื‘ืจ."
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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