The Cockroach Beatbox

Translator: Deera Army Pramana

When you think about the brain,

Saat kita belajar tentang otak,

it's difficult to understand,

cukup sulit untuk memahaminya,

because if I were to ask you right now, how does the heart work,

bandingkan jika saya bertanya, bagaimana kerja jantung,

you would instantly tell me it's a pump.

kamu bisa segera menjawab seperti sebuah pompa.

It pumps blood.

Jantung memompa darah.

If I were to ask about your lungs,

Jika ditanya tentang paru-paru,

jawabannya untuk pertukaran oksigen dan karbon dioksida. Sederhana.

you would say it exchanges oxygen for carbon dioxide.

That's easy.

If I were to ask you how the brain works, it's hard to understand

Tetapi jika ditanya tentang kerja otak, sulit untuk memahaminya

because you can't just look at a brain and understand what it is.

karena kamu tidak bisa langsung paham hanya dengan melihat otak.

Otak bukan benda mekanis, bukan pompa, bukan kantong udara.

It's not a mechanical object, not a pump, not an airbag.

It's just like, if you held it in your hand when it was dead,

Otak itu, jika kamu pegang dengan tangan saat sudah mati,

it's just a piece of fat.

otak hanyalah seonggok lemak.

To understand how the brain works, you have to go inside a living brain.

Untuk tahu bagaimana otak bekerja, kamu harus masuk ke otak yang hidup,

Because the brain's not mechanical, the brain is electrical and it's chemical.

Karena otak tidak mekanis, tetapi bersifat elektris dan kimiawi.

Your brain is made out of 100 billion cells, called neurons.

Otakmu terdiri atas 100 miliar sel, yang disebut neuron.

And these neurons communicate with each other with electricity.

Dan neuron ini saling berkomunikasi menggunakan listrik.

And we're going to eavesdrop in on a conversation between two cells,

Dan kita akan menguping percakapan antara dua sel,

and we're going to listen to something called a spike.

dan kita akan mendengarkan sesuatu yang disebut spike.

But we're not going to record my brain or your brain or your teachers' brains,

Tetapi kita tidak akan merekam otak saya atau otakmu atau otak gurumu,

we're going to use our good friend the cockroach.

kita akan menggunakan teman baik kita, si kecoa.

Not just because I think they're cool,

Selain karena saya pikir mereka keren,

but because they have brains very similar to ours.

otak mereka juga sangat mirip dengan kita.

So if you learn a little bit about how their brains work,

Jadi kalau kamu pelajari otaknya,

we're going to learn a lot about how our brains work.

kita belajar juga tentang kerja otak kita.

I'm going to put them in some ice water here

Saya akan celupkan kecoa ini dalam air es.

And then --

Lalu --

Audience: Ew! Greg Gabe: Yeah ...

Penonton: Aw! Greg Gabe (GG): Ya...

Right now they're becoming anesthetized.

Lihatlah sekarang mereka sudah terbius.

Because they're cold blooded, they become the temperature of the water

Karena kecoa berdarah dingin, suhu tubuhnya menyesuaikan air

and they can't control it so they just basically "chillax," right?

dan tak bisa mengubahnya jadi mereka "chillax" saja, kan?

Mereka tidak akan merasakan apapun,

They're not going to feel anything,

dan sekarang kamu jadi tahu apa yang akan kita lakukan,

which may tell you a little about what we're going to do,

a scientific experiment to understand the brain.

yaitu percobaan ilmiah untuk memahami otak.

So ...

Jadi ...

This is the leg of a cockroach.

Ini adalah kaki si kecoa.

And a cockroach has all these beautiful hairs

Dan kecoa punya 'rambut-rambut'

and pricklies all over it.

dan duri indah di permukaannya.

Underneath each one of those is a cell,

Di bawah setiap duri itu terdapat sel,

dan sel itu adalah neuron yang akan mengirim informasi

and this cell's a neuron that is going to send information

tentang angin atau getaran.

about wind or vibration.

If you ever try to catch a cockroach, it's hard because they can feel you coming

Sulit untuk menangkap kecoa, karena ia merasakan kedatanganmu,

kamu baru bergerak, mereka sudah lari.

before you're even there, they start running.

Sel neuron itu mengirim informasi ke otak

These cells are zipping up this information up to the brain

menggunakan akson yang membawa pesan elektronik di dalamnya.

using those little axons with electronic messages in there.

Kita akan merekamnya dengan menancapkan jarum pentul.

We're going to record by sticking a pin right in there.

We need to take off the leg of a cockroach --

Kita harus lepas kaki kecoanya --

don't worry, they'll grow back --

tenang, kakinya bisa tumbuh lagi --

then we're going to put two pins in there.

lalu kita akan tusukkan dua jarum di sana.

These are metal pins.

Ini jarum logam.

One will pick up this electronic message, this electric message is going by.

Satu jarum akan menangkap pesan elektroniknya, yang akan lewat situ.

So, we're now going to do the surgery, let's see if you guys can see this.

Jadi, sekarang kita akan mengoperasi, entah kalian tega melihatnya.

Yeah, it's gross ...

Yah, ini menjijikkan...

All right. So there we go.

Baik. Ini dia.

You guys can see his leg right there.

Kalian bisa lihat kakinya di sana.

Now I'm going to take this leg,

Sekarang akan kuambil kaki itu.

I'm going to put it in this invention that we came up with

Akan kuletakkan di alat yang kami temukan

called the Spikerbox --

kita sebut Spikerbox --

dan ini bisa mengganti alat-alat lab penelitian yang mahal,

and this replaces lots of expensive equipment in a research lab,

so you guys can do this in your own high schools,

jadi kalian bisa lakukan ini di sekolah kalian,

or in your own basements if it's me.

atau kalau aku di ruang bawah tanah.

(Audience: Laughter)

Penonton: (tertawa)

So, there.

Jadi, begini.

Can you guys see that?

Bisakah kalian lihat?

Alright, so I'm going to go ahead and turn this on.

Baik, akan kulanjutkan menyalakan alat ini.

I'm going to plug it in.

Saya colokkan.

(Suara gemeresak)

(Tuning sound)

To me, this is the most beautiful sound in the world.

Bagi saya, ini suara terindah di dunia.

Inilah aktivitas otakmu sekarang.

This is what your brain is doing right now.

Seratus miliar sel otakmu-lah yang membuat suara seperti hujan ini.

You have 100 billion cells making these raindrop-type noises.

Let's take a look at what it looks like,

Mari kita lihat penampakannya,

let's pull it up on the iPad screen.

kita tampilkan di layar iPad.

Saya pasangkan iPad juga ke alat ini.

I plugged my iPad into here as well.

Ingat tadi kita bilang di akson muncul spike.

So remember we said the axon looks like a spike.

So we're going to take a look

Kita akan lihat

at what one of them looks like in just a brief second.

penampakan salah satunya untuk beberapa detik.

We're going to tap here,

so we can sort of average this guy.

Kita ketuk di sini, untuk mengurangi noise-nya.

So there we see it. That's an action potential.

Nah kita bisa lihat sekarang. Itulah potensial aksi.

You've got 100 billion cells in your brain doing this right now,

Kamu punya 100 miliar sel di otakmu sedang melakukan ini,

sending all this information back about what you're seeing, hearing.

mengirimkan semua informasi tentang yang kamu lihat dan dengar.

We also said this is a cell

Kita bisa bilang sel ini

that's going to be taking up information about vibrations in the wind.

akan mengambil informasi tentang getaran pada angin.

So what if we do an experiment?

Bagaimana kalau kita buat percobaan?

We can actually blow on this and hear if we see a change.

Kita bisa, lho, meniup ini dan melihat pengaruhnya.

Are you guys going to be ready?

Apakah kalian siap?

If I blow on it you tell me if you hear anything.

Jika kutiup di sini, katakan kalau kalian dengar sesuatu.

(Blowing)

(meniup)

(Sound changes)

(suara berubah)

Let me just touch this with a little pen here.

Coba kusentuh bagian ini dengan pena kecil ini.

(Noise)

(gangguan bunyi)

That was the neural firing rate.

Itu adalah laju tembakan saraf.

That actually took a while in neuroscience to understand this.

Butuh waktu lama sampai hal ini dipahami oleh ahli neurosains.

This is called rate coding:

Ini disebut rate coding:

the harder you press on something, the more spikes there are,

yaitu semakin keras kamu tekan sesuatu, semakin banyak spike-nya,

and all that information is coming up to your brain.

dan semua informasi itu mendatangi otakmu.

Begitulah kamu memahami segala hal.

That's how you perceive things.

So that's one way of doing an experiment with electricity.

Ini adalah satu cara percobaan listrik pada saraf.

Cara yang lain, otakmu tak hanya menerima impuls listrik,

The other way is that your brain is not only taking in electrical impulses,

you're also sending out.

kamu juga mengirimnya.

That's how you move your muscles around.

Begitulah caramu menggerakkan otot.

Kita lihat yang terjadi jika kita colokkan arus listrik

Let's see what happens if I've plugged in something that's electric

into the cockroach leg here.

ke kaki kecoa ini.

I'm going to take two pins, I'm going to plug them onto the cockroach.

Saya pakai dua jarum, kupasangkan pada kecoa.

I'm going to take the other end, I'm going to plug in into my iPod.

Saya ambil satu ujungnya, kupasangkan pada iPod.

It's my iPhone actually.

Itu iPhone sih.

Do you guys know how your earbuds work in your ears?

Kalian tahu cara kerja earbud di telingamu?

You have a battery in your phone, or iPod, right?

Ponsel atau iPod-mu terisi baterai kan?

It's sending electrical current into these magnets in your earbuds

Ponsel mengirimkan arus listrik ke magnet di earbud ini

which shake back and forth and allow you to hear things.

yang akan bergetar dan menghasilkan suara.

But that current's the same currency that our brain uses,

Arus itu sama dengan arus listrik yang dipakai otak kita,

jadi kita bisa mengirim ke kaki kecoa itu

so we can send that to our cockroach leg

and hopefully if this works,

dan semoga ini berhasil,

we can actually see what happens when we play music into the cockroach.

kita bisa mengamati yang terjadi jika kita mainkan musik ke kecoa.

Let's take a look.

Lihatlah.

(alunan musik)

(Music beat)

Can we turn it up? There we go.

Bisakah kita keraskan? Ini dia.

(Audience reacts and gasps)

(Penonton bereaksi dan terhenyak)

GG: So what's happening?

GG: Apa yang terjadi?

Audience: Wow!

Penonton: Wow!

(Laughter)

(Tertawa)

So you see what's moving. It's moving on the bass.

Lihatlah apa yang bergerak. Kakinya bergerak seiring bas.

All those audiophiles out there,

Kalian yang penggemar audio,

if you have awesome, kicking car stereos,

jika kamu punya stereo mobil yang keren,

you know, the bass speakers are the biggest speakers.

tahulah, speaker bas adalah yang paling besar.

The biggest speakers have the longest waves,

Speaker terbesar punya gelombang terpanjang,

which have the most current,

yang punya arus terbesar,

and the current is what's causing these things to move.

dan arus itulah yang membuat kaki bergerak.

So it's not just speakers that are causing electricity.

Dan bukan hanya speaker yang menghasilkan listrik.

Microphones also cause electricity.

Mikrofon juga menghasilkan listrik.

(Beat)

(bunyi dentuman)

So I'm going to go ahead and invite another person out on the stage here

Jadi saya akan lanjutkan dengan mengundang orang ke panggung

to help me out with this.

untuk membantu saya.

So there we go.

Inilah dia.

(Beatboxing)

(musik beatbox)

This is the first time this has ever happened in the history of mankind.

Ini pertama kalinya terjadi dalam sejarah manusia.

Human beatbox to a cockroach leg.

Manusia ber-beatbox ke kaki kecoa.

Saat kalian kembali ke sekolah, renungkanlah neurosains

When you guys go back to your high school, think about neuroscience

dan bagaimana kalian bisa memulai revolusi neurosains.

and how you guys can begin the neuro-revolution.

Terima kasih. Sampai jumpa.

Thank you very much. Bye bye.

(Applause)

(Tepuk tangan)