The Cockroach Beatbox

Prevoditelj: Ivan Stamenković Recezent: Senzos Osijek

When you think about the brain,

Kada razmišljate o mozgu,

it's difficult to understand,

teško ga je shvatiti,

because if I were to ask you right now, how does the heart work,

jer da vas sad pitam kako srce radi,

you would instantly tell me it's a pump.

odmah biste mi rekli da je pumpa.

It pumps blood.

Pumpa krv.

If I were to ask about your lungs,

Ako vas pitam za pluća,

you would say it exchanges oxygen for carbon dioxide.

rekli biste da izmjenju je kisik za ugljikov dioksid.

That's easy.

To je lako.

If I were to ask you how the brain works, it's hard to understand

Ako vas pitam kako mozak radi, to je teško shvatiti

because you can't just look at a brain and understand what it is.

jer ne možete samo pogledati mozak i shvatiti što je to.

It's not a mechanical object, not a pump, not an airbag.

To nije mehanički predmet niti pupma niti zračni jastuk.

It's just like, if you held it in your hand when it was dead,

To je, ako ga držite kada je mrtav,

it's just a piece of fat.

samo komad sala.

To understand how the brain works, you have to go inside a living brain.

Da bi shvatili kako mozak radi morate ući u živi mozak.

Because the brain's not mechanical, the brain is electrical and it's chemical.

Jer mozak nije mehanički, električan je i kemijski.

Your brain is made out of 100 billion cells, called neurons.

Vaš mozak napravljen je od 100 milijardi stanica, nazvanih neuroni.

And these neurons communicate with each other with electricity.

I ovi neuroni komuniciraju jedni s drugima elektricitetom.

And we're going to eavesdrop in on a conversation between two cells,

I mi ćemo prisluškivati razgovor između dvije stanice,

and we're going to listen to something called a spike.

i slušat ćemo nešto što se zove amplituda.

But we're not going to record my brain or your brain or your teachers' brains,

Ali nećemo snimati moj mozak ili vaš ili vašeg profesora,

we're going to use our good friend the cockroach.

koristit ćemo našeg dobrog prijatelja žohara.

Not just because I think they're cool,

Ne samo zato što mislim da su cool,

but because they have brains very similar to ours.

već zato što imaju mozak sličan našemu.

So if you learn a little bit about how their brains work,

Pa ako naučite malo o tome kako radi njihov mozak,

we're going to learn a lot about how our brains work.

naučit ćemo puno o tome kako radi naš mozak.

I'm going to put them in some ice water here

Stavit ću ih u ledenu vodu.

And then --

I onda --

Audience: Ew! Greg Gabe: Yeah ...

Publika: Fuj! Greg Gabe: Da...

Right now they're becoming anesthetized.

Sada ih anesteziramo.

Because they're cold blooded, they become the temperature of the water

Jer su hladnokrvni, postat će iste temperature kao i voda

and they can't control it so they just basically "chillax," right?

i ne mogu to kontrolirati tako da se samo opuste, zar ne?

They're not going to feel anything,

Neće osjećati ništa,

which may tell you a little about what we're going to do,

što će vam možda reći nešto o tome što ćemo raditi,

a scientific experiment to understand the brain.

znanstvenom eksperimentu kako bismo razumjeli mozak.

So ...

Dakle ...

This is the leg of a cockroach.

Ovo je noga žohara.

And a cockroach has all these beautiful hairs

I žohar ima sve ove divne dlačice

and pricklies all over it.

i izbočine po njoj.

Underneath each one of those is a cell,

Ispod svake od njih je stanica,

and this cell's a neuron that is going to send information

a neuron te stanice će poslati informacije

about wind or vibration.

o vjetru ili vibraciji.

If you ever try to catch a cockroach, it's hard because they can feel you coming

Ako ikad pokušate uhvatiti žohara, teško je jer osjete da dolazite

before you're even there, they start running.

i prije nego dođete, počnu bježati.

These cells are zipping up this information up to the brain

Ove stanice šalju informacije u mozak

using those little axons with electronic messages in there.

koristeći te male aksone sa elektroničkim porukama u njima.

We're going to record by sticking a pin right in there.

Snimit ćemo to zabadanjem pribadače ondje.

We need to take off the leg of a cockroach --

Trebamo skinuti nogu žohara --

don't worry, they'll grow back --

ne brinite, ponovno će narasti --

then we're going to put two pins in there.

a onda ćemo ovdje staviti dvije pribadače.

These are metal pins.

Ovo su metalne pribadače.

One will pick up this electronic message, this electric message is going by.

Jedna će pokupiti poruku kako bude prolazila.

So, we're now going to do the surgery, let's see if you guys can see this.

Sada ćemo napraviti operaciju, da vidimo možete li vidjeti ovo.

Yeah, it's gross ...

Da, odvratno je..

All right. So there we go.

U redu. To je to.

You guys can see his leg right there.

Vi možete vidjeti nogu ondje.

Now I'm going to take this leg,

Tako da ću sada uzeti tu nogu,

I'm going to put it in this invention that we came up with

i stavit ću je u ovaj izum koji smo smislili

called the Spikerbox --

nazvan Kutija za Amplitude--

and this replaces lots of expensive equipment in a research lab,

i ovo zamjenjuje puno skupe opreme u istraživačkom laboratoriju,

so you guys can do this in your own high schools,

tako da to možete raditi u svojim srednjim školama,

or in your own basements if it's me.

ili svojim podrumima ako sam ja u pitanju.

(Audience: Laughter)

(Smijeh)

So, there.

Eto ga.

Can you guys see that?

Možete li vidjeti to?

Alright, so I'm going to go ahead and turn this on.

U redu, sada ću ovo uključiti.

I'm going to plug it in.

Priključit ću ga.

(Tuning sound)

(Zvuk podešavanja)

To me, this is the most beautiful sound in the world.

Za mene, ovo je najljepši zvuk na svijetu.

This is what your brain is doing right now.

Ovo trenutno radi vaš mozak.

You have 100 billion cells making these raindrop-type noises.

Imate sto milijardi stanica koje rade te zvukove poput kišnih kapljica.

Let's take a look at what it looks like,

Pogledajmo kako to izgleda,

let's pull it up on the iPad screen.

prikažimo to na ekranu iPada.

I plugged my iPad into here as well.

Spojio sam i moj iPad tu.

So remember we said the axon looks like a spike.

Rekli smo kako akson izgleda kao amplituda.

So we're going to take a look

Tako da ćemo pogledati

at what one of them looks like in just a brief second.

kako jedan od njih izgleda za trenutak.

We're going to tap here,

dodirnut ćemo ovdje,

so we can sort of average this guy.

tako da možemo odrediti prosjek.

So there we see it. That's an action potential.

Ovdje ga vidimo. To je potencijal akcije.

You've got 100 billion cells in your brain doing this right now,

Imate 100 milijardi stanica u vašem mozgu koje to sada rade,

sending all this information back about what you're seeing, hearing.

šalju sve ove informacije o tome što vidite, čujete.

We also said this is a cell

Rekli smo i da je ovo stanica

that's going to be taking up information about vibrations in the wind.

koja će prenositi informacije o vibracijama u vjetru.

So what if we do an experiment?

Pa što ako napravimo eksperiment?

We can actually blow on this and hear if we see a change.

Možemo puhnuti na ovo i čudi da li ima promjene.

Are you guys going to be ready?

Hoćete li vi biti spremni?

If I blow on it you tell me if you hear anything.

Ako puhnem na to, recite mi čujete li išta.

(Blowing)

(Puhanje)

(Sound changes)

(Zvuk se promijeni)

Let me just touch this with a little pen here.

Dozvolite da dotaknem ovo olovkom.

(Noise)

(Zvuk)

That was the neural firing rate.

To je bila brzina okidanja neurona.

That actually took a while in neuroscience to understand this.

Neuroznanosti je trebalo neko vrijeme da shvati ovo.

This is called rate coding:

Ovo se zove kodiranje brzine:

the harder you press on something, the more spikes there are,

što jače pritisnete nešto, više je amplituda.

and all that information is coming up to your brain.

i sve te informacije dolaze u vaš mozak.

That's how you perceive things.

Tako percipirate stvari.

So that's one way of doing an experiment with electricity.

To je jedan od načina kako napraviti eksperiment s elektricitetom.

The other way is that your brain is not only taking in electrical impulses,

Drugi je da vaš mozak ne prima isključivo električne impulse,

you're also sending out.

nego ih i šalje.

That's how you move your muscles around.

Tako pomičete mišiće.

Let's see what happens if I've plugged in something that's electric

Pogledajmo što će se dogoditi ako spojimo nešto električno

into the cockroach leg here.

u žoharovu nogu ovdje.

I'm going to take two pins, I'm going to plug them onto the cockroach.

Uzet ću dvije pribadače i spojiti ih na žiohara.

I'm going to take the other end, I'm going to plug in into my iPod.

A drugi dio ću spojiti u moj iPOD.

It's my iPhone actually.

To je zapravo moj iPhone.

Do you guys know how your earbuds work in your ears?

Znate kako slušalice rade u vašim ušima?

You have a battery in your phone, or iPod, right?

Imate bateriju u telefonu, ili iPodu, zar ne?

It's sending electrical current into these magnets in your earbuds

Šalje električnu struju u ove magnete u slušalicama,

which shake back and forth and allow you to hear things.

koji se tresu naprijed i natrag i omogućuju da čujete stvari.

But that current's the same currency that our brain uses,

Alli struja ima isti smjer koji koristi naš mozak,

so we can send that to our cockroach leg

tako da možemo to poslati u nogu našeg žohara,

and hopefully if this works,

i možda ovo bude radilo,

we can actually see what happens when we play music into the cockroach.

pa ćemo vidjeti što se događa kada puštamo glazbu u žohara,.

Let's take a look.

Pogledajmo.

(Music beat)

(Ritam glazbe)

Can we turn it up? There we go.

Možemo li je pojačati? Evo ga.

(Audience reacts and gasps)

(Uzdasi)

GG: So what's happening?

GG: Pa što se događa?

Audience: Wow!

Publika: Vau!

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

So you see what's moving. It's moving on the bass.

Tako da vidite što se kreće. Kreće se na bas.

All those audiophiles out there,

Svi vi audiofili

if you have awesome, kicking car stereos,

imaate neke snažne audio uređaje u autu,

you know, the bass speakers are the biggest speakers.

i znate da je bass najveći zvučnik.

The biggest speakers have the longest waves,

Najveći zvučnik ima najduže valove

which have the most current,

koji daju najviše struje,

and the current is what's causing these things to move.

i struja je ono što uzrokuje pokretanje ovih stvari.

So it's not just speakers that are causing electricity.

Tako da to nije samo zvučnik koji uzrokuje elektricitet.

Microphones also cause electricity.

Mikrofoni to također čine.

(Beat)

(Ritam)

So I'm going to go ahead and invite another person out on the stage here

Tako da ću na pozornicu pozvati još nekog

to help me out with this.

da mi pomogne s ovim.

So there we go.

Evo ga.

(Beatboxing)

(Beatboxanje)

This is the first time this has ever happened in the history of mankind.

Ovo je prvi put da se ovo dogodilo u povijesti čovječanstva.

Human beatbox to a cockroach leg.

Čovjek beatboxa u nogu žohara.

When you guys go back to your high school, think about neuroscience

Kada se vratite u škole razmišljajte o neuroznanosti

and how you guys can begin the neuro-revolution.

i kako možete početi neuro-revoluciju.

Thank you very much. Bye bye.

Hvala vam puno.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)