Just How Small is an Atom?

Koliko je malen Atom?

(Glazba)

You probably already know

Vjerojatno već znate da je sve stvoreno

everything is made up of little tiny things called atoms

od malih čestica zvanih atomi.

or even that each atom is made up of even smaller particles

Također zasigurno znate da je svaki atom sastavljen od još manjih čestica

called protons, neutrons and electrons.

zvanih protoni, neutroni i elektroni.

And you've probably heard that atoms are small.

I vjerojatno ste čuli da su atomi mali.

But I bet you haven't ever thought about how small atoms really are.

Ali vjerujem da niste razmišljali o tome koliko su zaista mali.

Pa, odgovor je da su zaista, zaista, zaista mali.

Well, the answer is that they are really, really small.

So you ask, just how small are atoms?

Pa se pitate, koliko su zaista atomi mali?

To understand this, let's ask this question:

Kako bismo ovo razumjeli, postavimo ovo pitanje:

Koliko atoma ima u grejpu?

How many atoms are in a grapefruit?

Well, let's assume that the grapefruit is made up of only nitrogen atoms,

Pretpostavimo da se grejpu sastoji samo od atoma dušika,

što nije u potpunosti istina, ali postoje atomi dušika u grejpu.

which isn't at all true, but there are nitrogen atoms in a grapefruit.

To help you visualize this, let's blow up each of the atoms

Kako bismo vam pomogli to vizualizirati, povećajmo svaki atom

to the size of a blueberry.

na veličinu borovnice.

And then how big would the grapefruit have to be?

I onda koliki bi morao biti grejp?

It would have to be the same size of -- well, actually, the Earth.

Morao bi biti iste veličine -- pa kao Zemlja.

That's crazy!

To je suludo! Hoćete reći da ako napunim Zemlju borovnicama,

You mean to say that if I filled the Earth with blueberries,

I would have the same number of nitrogen atoms as a grapefruit?

imao bih isti broj dušikovih atoma kao grejp?

That's right!

Tako je! Pa koliki je atom?

So how big is the atom?

Pa, zapravo je jako, jako, jako, jako mal.

Well, it's really, really small!

I znate što?

And you know what? It gets even more crazy.

Postaje još luđe.

Let's now look inside of each atom -- and thus the blueberry, right? --

Pričajmo sada o unutrašnjosti svakog atoma -- i borovnici?

What do you see there?

Što vidite ovdje?

In the center of the atom is something called the nucleus,

U centru atom je nešto što se zove jezgra,

which contains protons and neutrons,

koja sadrži protone i neutrone,

and on the outside, you'd see electrons.

i sa vanjske strane vidjeli bi elektrone.

So how big is the nucleus?

Pa kolika je jezgra?

If atoms are like blueberries in the Earth,

Pa, ako su atomi kao borovnice u Zemlji, kolika bi bila jezgra?

how big would the nucleus be?

Možda se sjećate starih slika atoma s nastave,

You might remember the old pictures of the atom from science class,

gdje ste vidjeli ovu malu točku na stranici sa strelicom koja pokazuje na jezgru.

where you saw this tiny dot on the page with an arrow pointing to the nucleus.

E, pa te slike nisu napravljene srazmjerno,

Well, those pictures, they're not drawn to scale,

so they're kind of wrong.

tako da su ponešto krive.

Kolika je jezgra?

So how big is the nucleus?

Ako bi otvorili borovnicu

So if you popped open the blueberry and were searching for the nucleus ...

i tražili jezgru,

znate što? Bila bi nevidljiva.

You know what? It would be invisible.

It's too small to see!

Premala je da bi se vidjela!

OK. Let's blow up the atom -- the blueberry --

OK. Povećajmo atom -- borovnicu --

to the size of a house.

na veličinu kuće.

So imagine a ball that is as tall as a two-story house.

Zamislite loptu koja je velika kao dvokatnica.

Let's look for the nucleus in the center of the atom.

Pogledajmo jezgru u središtu atoma.

And do you know what? It would just barely be visible.

I znate što? Bila bi jedva vidljiva.

Kako bismo shvatili kolika je jezgra,

So to get our minds wrapped around how big the nucleus is,

we need to blow up the blueberry, up to the size of a football stadium.

moramo povećati borovnicu na veličinu stadiona.

So imagine a ball the size of a football stadium,

Zamislite loptu veličine nogometnog stadiona,

and right smack dab in the center of the atom,

i u sred tog atoma,

you would find the nucleus, and you could see it!

našli biste jezgru, vidjeli biste je!

I bila bi veličine male pikule.

And it would be the size of a small marble.

I ima još, ako vas već sada nisam raspametio.

And there's more, if I haven't blown your mind by now.

Let's consider the atom some more.

Pogledajmo još malo atom. Sadržava protone, neutrone i elektrone.

It contains protons, neutrons and electrons.

The protons and neutrons live inside of the nucleus,

Protoni i neutroni žive unutar jezgre,

i sadrže gotovo svu masu atoma.

and contain almost all of the mass of the atom.

Na samom rubu su elektroni.

Way on the edge are the electrons.

So if an atom is like a ball the size of a football stadium,

Ako je atom lopta veličine stadiona,

with the nucleus in the center, and the electrons on the edge,

sa jezgrom u središtu i elektronima na rubu,

what is in between the nucleus and the electrons?

što se nalazi između jezre i elektrona?

Iznenađujuće, odgovor je prazan prostor.

Surprisingly, the answer is empty space.

(Zvuk vjetra)

(Wind noise)

Tako je. Prazno!

That's right. Empty!

Between the nucleus and the electrons, there are vast regions of empty space.

Između jezgre i elektrona postoje veliki prazni prostori.

Sad, tehnički postoje neka elektromagnetska polja.

Now, technically there are some electromagnetic fields,

but in terms of stuff, matter, it is empty.

ali po pitanju stvari, materije, prazno je.

Remember this vast region of empty space is inside the blueberry,

Upamtite ova velika regija praznog prostora

je unutar borovnice, što je unutar Zemlje,

which is inside the Earth,

a to su zapravo atomi u grejpu,

which really are the atoms in the grapefruit.

OK, one more thing, if I can even get more bizarre.

Još jedna stvar, ako mogu biti bizarniji.

Since virtually all the mass of an atom is in the nucleus --

Pošto je sva masa atoma u jezgri --

postoji neka količina mase u elektronima,

now, there is some amount of mass in the electrons,

ali većina je u jezgri --

but most of it is in the nucleus --

koliko je gusta jezgra?

how dense is the nucleus?

Well, the answer is crazy.

Pa, odgovor je lud.

The density of a typical nucleus

Gustoća tipične jezgre

is four times 10 to the 17th kilograms per meter cubed.

je četiri puta 10 na sedamnaestu kilograma po metru kubnom.

But that's hard to visualize. OK, I'll put it in English units.

Ali to je teško vizualizirati. Ok, prebacit ću u engleske jedinice.

2.5 times 10 to the 16th pounds per cubic feet.

2.5 puta 10 na šesnaestu

funti po kubnoj stopi.

OK, that's still kind of hard to figure.

OK, to je još uvijek teško pojmiti.

OK, here's what I want you to do.

OK, ovo želim da učinite.

Make a box that is one foot by one foot by one foot.

Napravite kutiju koja je velika stopu puta stopu puta stopu.

Sada pokupimo sve jezgre iz tipičnog auta.

Now let's go and grab all of the nuclei from a typical car.

Sada, auti prosječno teže 2 tone.

Now, cars on average weigh two tons.

How many cars' nuclei would you have to put into the box

Koliko jezgri auta bi morali staviti u kutiju

da biste imali jednu kutiju iste gustoće kao jezgra?

to have your one-foot-box have the same density of the nucleus?

Je li jedan? Dva? 100?

Is it one car? Two?

How about 100?

Ne, ne i ne.

Nope, nope and nope.

The answer is much bigger.

Odgovor je puno više.

It is 6.2 billion.

6,2 milijarde.

Skoro koliko ima ljudi na Zemlji.

That is almost equal to the number of people in the Earth.

Kada bi svi na Zemlji posjedovali vlastiti auto --

So if everyone in the Earth owned their own car --

and they don't --

a ne posjeduju --

(Cars honking)

i stavimo sve aute u vašu kutiju,

and we put all of those cars into your box ...

bila bi gustoće kao jezgra.

That would be about the density of a nucleus.

Kažem da ako uzmete svaki auto na svijetu i stavite ga u kutiju,

So I'm saying that if you took every car in the world

and put it into your one-foot box,

imali bi gustoću jedne jezgre.

you would have the density of one nucleus.

Ok, ponovimo.

OK, let's review.

The atom is really,

Atom je zaista, zaista, zaista malen.

really, really small.

Zamislite atome u grejpu kao borovnice u Zemlji.

Think atoms in a grapefruit like blueberries in the Earth.

Jezgra je suludo mala.

The nucleus is crazy small.

Pogledajte u borovnicu i povećajte ju na veličinu stadiona,

Now look inside the blueberry,

and blow it up to the size of a football stadium,

i sada je jezgra pikula u sredini.

and now the nucleus is a marble in the middle.

Atom je sačinjen od velikih regija praznog prostora.

The atom is made up of vast regions of empty space.

To je čudno.

That's weird.

The nucleus has a crazy-high density.

Jezgra je suludo gusta.

Think of putting all those cars in your one-foot box.

Zamislite stavljati one aute u vašu kutiju.

Mislim da sam umoran.

I think I'm tired.

(Zjevanje)