Jamie Drummond: Let's crowd-source the world's goals

63,698 views ・ 2012-07-17

TED


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00:00
Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast
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譯者: Iwen Ho 審譯者: Barry Hu
00:16
So let me start by taking you back,
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讓我們一起回想
00:19
back into the mists of your memory
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回到你們記憶的深處
00:21
to perhaps the most anticipated year in your life,
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也許是在你們生命中最期待的一年
00:25
but certainly the most anticipated year
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也可能是整個人類歷史上
00:28
in all human history:
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備受期待的一年
00:29
the year 2000. Remember that?
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就是西元2000年,記得嗎?
00:32
Y2K, the dotcom bubble,
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千禧年、網路泡沫化
00:36
stressing about whose party you're going to go to
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煩惱著,在香檳走味之前
00:38
as the clock strikes midnight,
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跨年倒數時分
00:41
before the champagne goes flat,
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到底該參加誰的派對?
00:43
and then there's that inchoate yearning
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還有一些未曾深思的渴望?
00:46
that was felt, I think, by many, that the millennium,
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對很多人來說,千禧年
00:49
that the year 2000, should mean more,
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西元2000年,應該具有更多意義
00:52
more than just a two and some zeroes.
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不只是一個2跟幾個0
00:55
Well, amazingly, for once, our world leaders
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令人驚訝的,那些世界領袖們
00:59
actually lived up to that millennium moment
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難能可貴,在千禧年那時刻
01:01
and back in 2000 agreed to some
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在2000年同意了一些
01:03
pretty extraordinary stuff:
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非常特殊的事情
01:06
visionary, measurable, long-term targets
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具有遠見的、可衡量的、長期的目標
01:09
called the Millennium Development Goals.
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所謂的(聯合國)千年發展目標
01:12
Now, I'm sure you all keep a copy of the goals
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我很確定你們都有一份
01:14
under your pillow, or by the bedside table,
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不是在你的枕頭下,就是在床頭櫃上
01:17
but just in case you don't,
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但萬一沒有
01:19
and your memory needs some jogging,
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而你需要被提醒一下
01:21
the deal agreed then goes like this:
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這項協議就是:
01:24
developing countries promised to at least halve
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發展中國家承諾戮力於幾項目標,
01:26
extreme poverty, hunger and deaths from disease,
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包括要在2015年前,將極端貧窮、飢餓
01:30
alongside some other targets, by 2015,
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與因疾病造成的死亡減少一半
01:32
and developed nations promised to help them
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已開發國家承諾要來協助他們達到這個目標
01:35
get that done by dropping debts,
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透過勾銷債權
01:38
increasing smart aid, and trade reform.
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提升正確實惠的協助和貿易改革等手段
01:40
Well, we're approaching 2015,
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眼看2015年迫在眉睫
01:43
so we'd better assess, how are we doing on these goals?
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我們應該來評估一下,這些目標的進展如何
01:45
But we've also got to decide, do we like such global goals?
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我們也該評斷,我們真的接受這些目標嗎?
01:49
Some people don't. And if we like them, we've got to decide
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有些人不接受。如果我們認同,我們應該決定接下來
01:52
what we want to do on these goals going forward.
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我們應該怎麼執行這些目標?
01:56
What does the world want to do together?
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究竟整個世界想要做到的又是甚麼?
01:58
We've got to decide a process by which we decide.
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我們現在應該制定一個方法,來找出這個世界要什麼
02:00
Well, I definitely think these goals are worth building on
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我當然認為這些目標值得繼續執行和完成
02:03
and seeing through, and here's just a few reasons why.
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這裡有一些理由
02:07
Incredible partnerships between the private sector,
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私人機構、政治領袖和慈善家之間
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political leaders, philanthropists
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不可思議的攜手合作
02:12
and amazing grassroots activists
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還有各發展中國家的
02:14
across the developing world,
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草根積極社運人士
02:16
but also 250,000 people marched in the streets
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還有二十五萬人在街頭遊行
02:21
of Edinburgh outside this very building
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就在愛丁堡,就在這棟建築外面
02:23
for Make Poverty History.
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提倡「讓貧窮走入歷史」
02:24
All together, they achieved these results:
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大家一起達成了這些結果
02:27
increased the number of people on anti-retrovirals,
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增加抗逆轉過濾性病毒的人數
02:30
life-saving anti-AIDS drugs;
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增加救命的抗愛滋藥物
02:32
nearly halved deaths from malaria;
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死於瘧疾的人數減半
02:35
vaccinated so many that 5.4 million lives will be saved.
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推廣疫苗注射使得5百40萬條生命免於死亡
02:40
And combined, this is going to result
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這些努力加在一起
02:42
in two million fewer children dying every year,
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每一年可以挽救兩百萬個孩童的性命
02:45
last year, than in the year 2000.
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去年,相較於2000年
02:47
That's 5,000 fewer kids dying every day,
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每日死亡的孩童數目少了5千人
02:50
ten times you lot not dead every day,
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是在座聽眾人數的十倍
02:54
because of all of these partnerships.
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都是因為這些人的合作
02:56
So I think this is amazing living proof of progress
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所以我覺得這些了不起的活生生的進步的證據
02:59
that more people should know about,
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應該讓更多人知道
03:01
but the challenge of communicating this kind of good news
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但是如何傳播這些好成績
03:03
is probably the subject of a different TEDTalk.
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可能是不同的TED Talk的主題
03:06
Anyway, for now, anyone involved in getting these results,
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無論如何,現在,對投身這些目標促進這些結果產生的人們
03:09
thank you. I think this proved these goals are worth it.
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我要說:謝謝你們,我想這證明了這些目標是值得的
03:12
But there's still a lot of unfinished business.
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但還有很多未完成的任務
03:15
Still, 7.6 million children die every year of preventable,
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每年還有七百六十萬名孩童
03:19
treatable diseases,
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死於可預防、可治療的疾病
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and 178 million kids are malnourished
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一億七千八百萬孩童營養不良
03:24
to the point of stunting, a horrible term
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導致成長遲緩停滯,讓人痛心
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which means physical and cognitive lifelong impairment.
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這些是對身體和智力上終身的傷害
03:29
So there's plainly a lot more to do on the goals we've got.
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因此,對於這些目標我們還有很長的一段路要走
03:32
But then, a lot of people think there are things
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然而,有些人認為,有些事
03:35
that should have been in the original package
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本來就應涵蓋在當時的目標裡的事情
03:37
that weren't agreed back then that should now be included,
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現在更應該要考慮加進去
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like sustainable development targets,
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像是永續發展
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natural resource governance targets,
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自然資源的管理
03:44
access to opportunity, to knowledge,
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機會平等,都有接受教育的機會
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equity, fighting corruption.
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公平、打擊貪腐等
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All of this is measurable and could be in the new goals.
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這些目標都是具體可衡量的、可以被加入到新目標之內
03:51
But the key thing here is,
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重點是
03:53
what do you think should be in the new goals?
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你認為哪些事情應該被包括在新的目標之內?
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What do you want?
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你想要甚麼?
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Are you annoyed that I didn't talk about gender equality
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當我沒提到性別平等或教育
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or education?
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你是否感到不滿意?
04:01
Should those be in the new package of goals?
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這些該納入新的目標裡嗎?
04:03
And quite frankly, that's a good question,
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說實在的,這真是個好問題
04:05
but there's going to be some tough tradeoffs
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我們將面對困難的妥協跟選擇,
04:07
and choices here, so you want to hope
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所以你希望
04:09
that the process by which the world decides
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世界能依循合法且合理的流程
04:11
these new goals is going to be legitimate, right?
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來制定新目標?
04:14
Well, as we gather here in Edinburgh,
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然而,當我們現在聚集在愛丁堡演講
04:16
technocrats appointed by the U.N. and certain governments,
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由聯合國指定的技術官僚和一些國家
04:19
with the best intentions, are busying themselves
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正用心良苦
04:22
designing a new package of goals,
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為設計新的目標而忙碌
04:24
and currently they're doing that through pretty much the same old
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但是他們是依照20世界末期慣見的
04:28
late-20th-century, top-down, elite, closed process.
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由上而下、精英領導的封閉式流程
04:31
But, of course, since then, the Web and mobile telephony,
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當然,那時起,網路、行動電話通訊
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along with ubiquitous reality TV formats
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以及普遍存在的實境秀電視節目
04:38
have spread all around the world.
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已經遍佈全世界
04:40
So what we'd like to propose is that we use them
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因此,我們期望的是利用這些科技
04:43
to involve people from all around the world
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讓全世界的人
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in an historic first: the world's first truly global
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參與這個「史上第一」
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poll and consultation, where everyone everywhere
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史上頭一遭全球意見調查及諮詢
04:53
has an equal voice for the very first time.
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每個角落的每個人都可以公平表達意見
04:56
I mean, wouldn't it be a huge historic missed opportunity
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我是說,如果是能做卻不這麼做
05:00
not to do this, given that we can?
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難道不是歷史上的一大憾事?
05:03
There's hundreds of billions of your aid dollars at stake,
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我們討論的是大家所提供的數以千億元的金援
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tens of millions of lives, or deaths, at stake,
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數以百萬計的人命的死活
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and, I'd argue, the security and future
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甚至攸關你自己
05:14
of you and your family is also at stake.
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和你家庭的未來
05:16
So, if you're with me, I'd say there's three essential steps
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如果你認同我
05:20
in this crowdsourcing campaign:
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「向世界公民徵詢」計畫運動有三個基本步驟
05:22
collecting, connecting and committing.
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收集資料、集結群力和做出承諾
05:25
So first of all, we've got to ground this campaign
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首先,我們必須以核心意見調查資料
05:27
in core polling data.
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做為本運動的基礎
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Let's go into every country that will let us in,
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讓我們進入每一個願意合作的國家
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ask 1,001 people what they want
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詢問一千零一人
05:34
the new goals to be, making special efforts
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他們期望中的新目標是甚麼?
05:36
to reach the poorest, those without access
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特別努力接觸貧窮人家
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to modern technology, and let's make sure that their views
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那些沒有機會使用現代化科技的人
05:41
are at the center of the goals going forward.
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確保他們的想法成為這個目標的核心
05:44
Then, we've got to commission a baseline survey
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然後,進一步建立基線資料
05:48
to make sure we can monitor and progress the goals
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以確保我們可以監管這些目標
05:50
going forward. The original goals didn't really have
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並持續推進
05:52
good baseline survey data,
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原先的目標並沒有真正具備好的基線資料
05:54
and we're going to need the help of big data through all of this process to make sure
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在執行過程裡,我們會需要這些充分的資料
05:58
we can really monitor the progress.
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以確認我們真的能監督進度
06:00
And then we've got to connect with the big crowd.
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然後我們要把廣大群眾結合起來
06:03
Now here, we see the role for an unprecedented coalition
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現在,我看到空前的、非常大群的群體合作
06:06
of social media giants and upstarts,
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包括社群媒體巨人、新興企業
06:09
telecoms companies, reality TV show formats,
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電信公司、實境電視節目、遊戲廠商等
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gaming companies, telecoms, all of them together
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全部結合在一起
06:17
in kind of their "We Are The World" moment.
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形成「我們是一個世界」的狀態
06:20
Could they come together and help
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他們是否能一起合作
06:22
the Millennium Development Goals get rebranded
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將「千年發展目標」
06:25
into the Millennial Generation's Goals?
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轉變為「千年世代的目標」?
06:28
And if just five percent of the five billion plus
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如果已經互連的五十億人口中有百分之五
06:31
who are currently connected made a comment,
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共同表達意見
06:34
and that comment turned into a commitment,
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而這些意見變成承諾
06:37
we could crowdsource a force of 300 million people
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我們就可以集結這三億人口的群體力量
06:40
around the world to help see these goals through.
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來協助完成計畫
06:43
If we have this collected data, and this connected crowd,
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如果我們擁有這些集合資料,和這群聯結起來的民眾
06:47
based upon our experience of campaigning
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依據我們的經驗
06:48
and getting world leaders to commit,
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我們將可以使世界領袖們做出承諾
06:50
I think world leaders will commit
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我想世界領袖們
06:51
to most of the crowdsourced recommendations.
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願意為這些群眾建議做出承諾
06:54
But the question really is, through this process
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但真正的問題是,經過這些流程
06:56
will we all have become committed?
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表示我們大家都同意了嗎?
06:59
And if we are, are we ready to iterate, monitor
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如果是,我們準備好去再三重申、監督
07:02
and provide feedback, make sure these promises
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和提供回覆
07:04
are really delivering results?
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以確保這些承諾會有成果嗎?
07:06
Well, there's some fantastic examples here to scale up,
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這裡有些很棒的實例,很適合擴大規模
07:10
mostly piloted within Africa, actually.
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這些大多是在非洲的一些先驅測試計畫
07:12
There's Open Data Kenya, which geocodes
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有一個叫做”肯亞開放數據(Open Data Kenya)”的網路平台
07:14
and crowdsources information about where projects are,
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裡面有關於各項援助專案所在,及其成效
07:17
are they delivering results.
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全由當地民眾彙報訊息
07:19
Often, they're not in the right place.
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通常,這些訊息不完全正確
07:20
And Ushahidi, which means "witness" in Swahili,
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Ushahidi這間公司 (Swahili語,意為眼見為憑)
07:24
which geocodes and crowdsources information
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透過當地民眾收集複雜的緊急狀況及地理位置訊息
07:26
in complex emergencies to help target responses.
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幫助援助送到對的地方
07:30
This is some of the most exciting stuff
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這是發展和民主之中
07:33
in development and democracy,
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最令人興奮的東西
07:35
where citizens on the edge of a network
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這些位於邊陲地帶的人們
07:37
are helping to force open the process
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都在協助強力開放此流程
07:39
to make sure that the big global aid promises
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確保來自上層的大規模的的全球援助承諾
07:42
and vague stuff up at the top really delivers for people
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可以確實被傳遞到居於下層鄉村人民
07:46
at a grassroots level and inverts that pyramid.
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逆轉形成了頭重腳輕的金字塔,
07:50
This openness, this forcing openness, is key,
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這種開放,這種強制性開放就是關鍵
07:53
and if it wasn't entirely transparent already,
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如果這還不夠完全的透明
07:56
I should be open: I've got a completely transparent agenda.
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我還要說:我還有完全透明的目的
08:01
Long-term trends suggest that this century
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根據長期的趨勢
08:03
is going to be a tough place to live,
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這個世紀的生活環境將會更艱困
08:05
with population increases, consumption patterns increasing,
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人口增加、消費擴張
08:09
and conflict over scarce natural resources.
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爭奪稀有的自然資源
08:13
And look at the state of global politics today.
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看看今日的全球政局
08:16
Look at the Rio Earth Summit that happened just last week,
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看看上周才舉行的里約地球高峰會
08:20
or the Mexican G20, also last week.
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還有同樣上周舉辦的墨西哥G20會議
08:22
Both, if we're honest, a bust.
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這兩者,老實說都是失敗的
08:25
Our world leaders, our global politics,
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我們的世界領袖和全球政治
08:27
currently can't get it done.
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目前都無法把事做好
08:30
They need our help. They need the cavalry,
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他們需要我們的幫忙,他們需要援兵
08:33
and the cavalry's not going to come from Mars.
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而這援兵不會天外飛來
08:35
It's got to come from us, and I see this process
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是來自於我們
08:38
of deciding democratically in a bottom-up fashion
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我看到這種是由下往上的民主過程是重要的工具
08:41
what the world wants to work on together
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世界想要通力合作
08:44
as one vital means by which we can crowdsource
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要透過這工具真正集合群眾力量
08:47
the force to really build that constituency
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真正在21世紀
08:51
that's going to reinvigorate global governance
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重振
08:53
in the 21st century.
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全球共同治理
08:55
I started in 2000. Let me finish in 2030.
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這計畫我在2000年開始,將在2030年結束
09:00
Many people made fun of a big campaign a few years ago
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幾年前,很多人嘲弄一個稱做
09:04
we had called Make Poverty History.
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「讓貧窮走入歷史」的大型運動
09:06
It was a naive thought in many people's minds,
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在很多人心裡那實在很天真
09:09
and it's true, it was just a t-shirt slogan
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這也是事實
09:12
that worked for the moment. But look.
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那不過是一句短命的T恤上的標語
09:15
The empirical condition of living under a dollar and 25
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但是,曾經只靠1點25美元生存的情況已經減少了
09:19
is trending down, and look where it gets to by 2030.
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在2030年會達到甚麼地步
09:22
It's getting near zero.
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它將幾乎快消失
09:25
Now sure, progress in China and India
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現在肯定的是,中國及印度的貧窮減低的比率
09:27
and poverty reduction there was key to that,
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將會是關鍵
09:29
but recently also in Africa, poverty rates are being reduced.
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最近連非洲的貧窮比率都在降低
09:32
It will get harder as we get towards zero,
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數字越接近零,將會更困難
09:35
as the poor will be increasingly located
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因為貧窮
09:37
in post-conflict, fragile states,
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會出現在戰爭過後、脆弱的地區
09:39
or maybe in middle income states
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或著在中等收入的國家
09:41
where they don't really care about the marginalized.
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並不太被在意被邊緣化的那些人
09:44
But I'm confident, with the right kind of political campaigning
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但我有信心,藉由正確的政治運動
09:48
and creative and technological innovation combined
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和具有創意和科技化的創新
09:51
working together more and more as one,
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一起運作,同心同力
09:54
I think we can get this and other goals done.
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我想我們可以達到這個和其他的目標
09:57
Thank you. (Applause)
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謝謝
10:00
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
10:05
Chris Anderson: Jamie, here's the puzzle to me.
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詹姆,我有個問題
10:07
If there was an incident today where a hundred kids
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如果今天有個事件
10:11
died in some tragedy or where, say, a hundred kids
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有一百名孩童死於某些悲劇狀況
10:15
were kidnapped and then rescued by special forces,
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或著有一百個孩子被綁架,然後被特警隊救出
10:18
I mean, it would be all over the news for a week, right?
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我的意思是,它將會在新聞版面宣揚一整個禮拜,對吧?
10:21
You just put up, just as one of your numbers there,
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而你剛剛說
10:23
that 5,000 -- is that the number?
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其中一個數字是5000,就是這個數字嗎?
10:27
Jamie Drummond: Fewer children every day.
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是指每日有5000名孩童免於死亡
10:29
CA: Five thousand fewer children dying every day.
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每日將有5000名孩童免於死亡
10:30
I mean, it dwarfs, dwarfs everything
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這很了不起,比任何實際的新聞事件更了不起
10:34
that is actually on our news agenda, and it's invisible.
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但這卻沒有人曉得
10:37
This must drive you crazy.
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而這一定讓你氣壞了
10:39
JD: It does, and we're having a huge debate in this country
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的確,而且我們還在爭論援助規模的問題
10:42
about aid levels, for example, and aid alone is not
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例如,僅僅給金錢援助並不是個完整的計畫
10:44
the whole solution. Nobody thinks it is.
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沒人會這麼想
10:46
But, you know, if people saw the results of this smart aid,
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但你知道,如果人們看到這些正確明智的援助的成果
10:51
I mean, they'd be going crazy for it.
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大家一定會為欣喜若狂
10:53
I wish the 250,000 people who really did march
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我希望當時那些25萬名在這棟大樓外參與遊行的人
10:57
outside this very building knew these results.
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能知道這些成果
11:00
Right now they don't, and it would be great to find a way
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可惜他們並不曉得,我們應該要找個方法
11:03
to better communicate it, because we have not.
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善加傳播這些成果
11:05
Creatively, we've failed to communicate this success so far.
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目前為止,我們沒能有創新的方式去傳播這些成功結果
11:09
If those kinds of efforts just could multiply their voice
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如果這些努力能夠加以擴大傳播出去
11:12
and amplify it at the key moments, I know for a fact
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在關鍵時刻更是大聲放送
11:14
we'd get better policy.
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我確定一定能產生更好的政策
11:16
The Mexican G20 need not have been a bust.
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墨西哥G20會議不該是個失敗的會議
11:19
Rio, if anyone cares about the environment,
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在里約,如果有任何人真的關心生態
11:22
need not have been a bust, okay?
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會議也不會徒勞無功
11:24
But these conferences are going on,
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但是這些會議持續舉行
11:26
and I know people get skeptical and cynical
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我知道人們會懷疑
11:27
about the big global summits and the promises
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並且嘲笑這些全球高峰會
11:29
and their never being kept, but actually,
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以及他們從來沒有兌現的承諾
11:31
the bits that are, are making a difference,
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但實際上,所有正在發生的小規模的事件確有成效
11:33
and what the politicians need
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政治家們需要的
11:35
is more permission from the public.
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是大眾的認可
11:37
CA: But you haven't fully worked out the Web mechanisms, etc.
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但是你並沒有解決網絡機制
11:39
by which this might happen.
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幫助這件事發生
11:41
I mean, if the people here who've had experience
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也就是說,本週,當人們見識了你的公開平台的運作
11:43
using open platforms, you're interested to talk with them
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你很有興趣和他們接觸
11:46
this week and try to take this forward.
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繼續進一步推動這項平台
11:48
JD: Absolutely. CA: All right, well I must say,
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當然會
11:50
if this conference led in some way
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我要說,如果這場會議能夠帶給這個想法一些進展
11:52
to advancing that idea, that's a huge idea,
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就非常了不起了
11:55
and if you carry that forward, that is really awesome,
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如果你繼續進行,真的會非常棒
11:58
so thank you. JD: I'd love your help.
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所以非常謝你 JD:你們幫很大
11:59
CA: Thank you, thank you.
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謝謝
12:01
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
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