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譯者: James Chou
審譯者: Dxm Online大小媒體
00:12
I'd like to talk a little bit this morning
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我今天早上要談的是
00:14
about what happens if we move from design
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關於如果我們把設計升級到
00:17
to design thinking.
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設計思考,會是怎樣的情形。
00:20
Now this rather old photo up there
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這裡有一張舊的照片
00:22
is actually the first project I was ever hired to do,
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這是我被雇用時進行的第一個專案。
00:25
something like 25 years ago.
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大約是 25 年前的事了。
00:27
It's a woodworking machine, or at least a piece of one,
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這是一台木作的機器,至少一部分是。
00:29
and my task was to
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我的工作是
00:31
make this thing a little bit more modern,
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讓這個東西更現代化一些,
00:33
a little bit easier to use.
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更容易使用。
00:35
I thought, at the time, I did a pretty good job.
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我當時以為我已經做的不錯了。
00:38
Unfortunately, not very long afterwards
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不幸的是,不久之後
00:40
the company went out of business.
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這家公司倒了。
00:43
This is the second project that I did. It's a fax machine.
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這是我做的第二個專案。一台傳真機。
00:46
I put an attractive shell around some new technology.
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除了一些新技術外,我也為它設計了漂亮的外殼。
00:49
Again, 18 months later,
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再一次,18 個月後
00:51
the product was obsolete.
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這個產品又過時了。
00:53
And now, of course, the whole technology is obsolete.
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當然,到現在這台傳真機的所有技術都已經過時了。
00:58
Now, I'm a fairly slow learner,
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我算是學習速度比較慢的人。
01:00
but eventually it occurred to me that
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但終究我還是認為
01:02
maybe what passed for design
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也許過去的設計經驗
01:04
wasn't all that important --
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並不全然重要 --
01:06
making things more attractive,
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讓東西更吸引人,
01:08
making them a bit easier to use,
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讓它們更好用,
01:10
making them more marketable.
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讓它們更好賣。
01:13
By focusing on a design,
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只聚焦在設計本身,
01:15
maybe just a single product,
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可能只是單一產品,
01:17
I was being incremental
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我當時使用漸進式的思考模式
01:19
and not having much of an impact.
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並沒有產生太大的影響。
01:23
But I think this small view of design
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但我認為這種小格局的設計
01:25
is a relatively recent phenomenon,
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是一種相對新的現象,
01:27
and in fact really emerged
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而事實上這種現象真正的呈現
01:29
in the latter half of the 20th century
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是在 20 世紀後半時期
01:31
as design became a tool of consumerism.
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當設計變成消費主義的工具。
01:35
So when we talk about design today,
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現在當我們談到設計,
01:37
and particularly when we read about it in the popular press,
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特別是當我們在媒體上讀到
01:40
we're often talking about products like these.
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常常指的像是這樣的產品。
01:42
Amusing? Yes. Desirable? Maybe.
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賞心悅目?是的。想要買嗎?可能吧。
01:45
Important? Not so very.
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很重要嗎?不見得。
01:48
But this wasn't always the way.
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但也不是永遠都這樣。
01:50
And I'd like to suggest that if we take
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所以我要建議用一種
01:52
a different view of design,
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不同的方式來看設計,
01:54
and focus less on the object
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而不要太聚焦在物件本身
01:57
and more on design thinking as an approach,
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以更多的設計思考為途徑
02:00
that we actually might see the result in a bigger impact.
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我們就會看到影響更深遠的結果。
02:05
Now this gentleman, Isambard Kingdom Brunel,
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這位男士,Isambar Kingdom Brunel,
02:07
designed many great things in his career in the 19th century,
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他在 19 世紀設計過許多偉大的東西,
02:11
including the Clifton suspension bridge in Bristol
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其中包括了布里斯托的 Clifton 吊橋
02:15
and the Thames tunnel at Rotherhithe.
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以及 Rotherhithe 的 Thames 隧道。
02:17
Both great designs and actually very innovative too.
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這兩個偉大的設計也都非常的創新。
02:22
His greatest creation
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他最偉大的創作
02:25
runs actually right through here in Oxford.
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其實就在牛津這裡。
02:27
It's called the Great Western Railway.
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它叫做 Great Western Railway
02:30
And as a kid I grew up very close to here,
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我從小長大的地方很靠近這裡。
02:33
and one of my favorite things to do
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我最喜歡做的事之一
02:35
was to cycle along by the side of the railway
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就是沿著鐵軌來回走
02:38
waiting for the great big express trains to roar past.
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等待偉大的快速列車呼嘯而過。
02:41
You can see it represented here in J.M.W. Turner's painting,
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在這幅 J.M.W. Turner 的畫作裡面可以看到,
02:43
"Rain, Steam and Speed".
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「雨、蒸汽和速度」。
02:46
Now, what Brunel said that he wanted to achieve for his passengers
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Brunel 說他希望為乘客打造一種
02:50
was the experience of floating across the countryside.
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漂浮在鄉間田野的體驗。
02:55
Now, this was back in the 19th century.
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這是回溯到 19 世紀。
02:57
And to do that meant creating the flattest gradients
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這意味著要打造出有史以來
02:59
that had ever yet been made,
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最平坦的坡度,
03:01
which meant building long viaducts across river valleys --
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也代表要跨越河谷建構長距離的高架橋 --
03:04
this is actually the viaduct across the Thames at Maidenhead --
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這就是 Maidenhead 橫跨 Thames 的高架橋 --
03:08
and long tunnels such as the one at Box, in Wiltshire.
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還有像是這個在 Wiltshire 的 Box 的長距離隧道。
03:14
But he didn't stop there. He didn't stop
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但他並沒有就此喊停。他並不是
03:16
with just trying to design the best railway journey.
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在設計最好的鐵路旅程後就此打住。
03:19
He imagined an integrated transportation system
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他想像了一個整體的運輸系統
03:23
in which it would be possible for a passenger to embark
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能夠讓旅客從
03:26
on a train in London
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倫敦搭乘火車
03:29
and disembark from a ship in New York.
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然後搭船到紐約。
03:32
One journey from London to New York.
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一趟從倫敦到紐約的旅程。
03:36
This is the S.S. Great Western that he built
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這是他建造的 S.S. Great Western 船隻
03:38
to take care of the second half of that journey.
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負責旅程中的後半段。
03:42
Now, Brunel was working 100 years before
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至今 Brunel 已經是 100 年前的人
03:44
the emergence of the design profession,
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但已經展現出設計的專業。
03:47
but I think he was using design thinking
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但我認為他是使用設計思考
03:50
to solve problems and to create world-changing innovations.
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來解決問題並隨著世界的變化進行創新。
03:55
Now, design thinking begins with what Roger Martin,
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現在設計思考開始變成 Roger Martin,
03:57
the business school professor at the University of Toronto,
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他是多倫多大學的商學院教授,
04:00
calls integrative thinking.
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所說的整合式思考。
04:02
And that's the ability to exploit opposing ideas
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這是一種開發對立理念的能力
04:05
and opposing constraints
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一種脫離束縛
04:07
to create new solutions.
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創造出新的解決方案的方法。
04:09
In the case of design, that means
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對設計來說,這代表了
04:12
balancing desirability, what humans need,
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把人類的需求
04:16
with technical feasibility,
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與技術的可行性
04:18
and economic viability.
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和經濟的發展力予以平衡。
04:21
With innovations like the Great Western,
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用 Great Western 的創新模式,
04:23
we can stretch that balance to the absolute limit.
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我們可以將平衡延展到絕對的界限。
04:27
So somehow, we went from this to this.
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因此,我們從這升級到這。
04:34
Systems thinkers who were reinventing the world,
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從獨立創造世界的系統思考者,
04:37
to a priesthood of folks in black turtlenecks and designer glasses
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到穿戴黑色高圓套領衣服和造型眼鏡的偉大設計師們
04:42
working on small things.
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而且做的是一些雞毛蒜皮的事。
04:44
As our industrial society matured,
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隨著我們工業社會漸趨成熟,
04:48
so design became a profession
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設計也變成一種職業
04:50
and it focused on an ever smaller canvas
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而且聚焦在很小的範圍之中
04:53
until it came to stand for aesthetics,
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直到它符合所謂的美學、
04:55
image and fashion.
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形象和時尚。
04:57
Now I'm not trying to throw stones here.
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我這並不是在潑冷水。
05:00
I'm a fully paid-up member of that priesthood,
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我也是所謂偉大設計師中的一員。
05:02
and somewhere in here I have my designer glasses.
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我好像也有一支這種造型眼鏡。
05:04
There we go.
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在這裡。
05:07
But I do think that perhaps design
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但是我認為也許設計
05:09
is getting big again.
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又漸漸成為重要的一環。
05:11
And that's happening through
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這發生在
05:14
the application of design thinking
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設計思考的應用過程中
05:16
to new kinds of problems --
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新的問題 --
05:18
to global warming, to education,
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全球暖化、教育議題、
05:20
healthcare, security, clean water, whatever.
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保健、安全性、淨水資源等等。
05:24
And as we see this reemergence of design thinking
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我們看到設計思考重新嶄露頭角
05:27
and we see it beginning to tackle new kinds of problems,
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也看到它開始抓到新的問題,
05:30
there are some basic ideas that I think we can observe that are useful.
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這裡有一些有用的基本想法
05:33
And I'd like to talk about some of those
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我想在接下來的幾分鐘
05:35
just for the next few minutes.
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談談這些想法。
05:37
The first of those is that design is
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第一個想法就是
05:39
human-centered.
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以人為中心。
05:42
It may integrate technology and economics,
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設計可以整合科技和經濟,
05:44
but it starts with what humans need, or might need.
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但始終以人的需要或可能的需求為起點。
05:48
What makes life easier, more enjoyable?
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怎樣讓生活更輕鬆、更有趣?
05:50
What makes technology useful and usable?
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怎樣讓科技變得更有用、更好用?
05:54
But that is more than simply good ergonomics,
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這不僅僅是人類工程學,
05:57
putting the buttons in the right place.
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將按鈕放在正確的位置而已。
06:00
It's often about understanding culture and context
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它通常需要了解文化和連帶關係
06:03
before we even know where to start to have ideas.
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在我們開始有任何想法之前。
06:06
So when a team was working on a new vision screening program in India,
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因此當團隊在印度進行一個新的視力檢查計劃時,
06:10
they wanted to understand what the aspirations
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就必須了解這些學童希望達到何種目的
06:12
and motivations were of these school children
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以及他們的動機
06:15
to understand how they might play a role
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以了解他們在看父母親時,
06:17
in screening their parents.
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可能如何扮演自己的角色。
06:22
Conversion Sound has developed a high quality,
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Conversion Sound 開發了一種高品質,
06:24
ultra-low-cost digital hearing aid
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低成本的數位助聽器
06:27
for the developing world.
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供開發中國家使用。
06:29
Now, in the West we rely on highly trained technicians
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在西方文明世界我們靠的是高度訓練的技術人員
06:33
to fit these hearing aids.
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協助配戴這些助聽器。
06:35
In places like India, those technicians simply don't exist.
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類似像印度這種地方並沒有所謂的技術人員
06:39
So it took a team working in India
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所以小組成員必須在印度
06:41
with patients and community health workers
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與病患和社區健康工作人員合作
06:43
to understand how a PDA
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以了解 PDA
06:45
and an application on a PDA
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以及 PDA 上的應用程式
06:47
might replace those technicians
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如何取代這些技師
06:49
in a fitting and diagnostic service.
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進行配戴和診斷的服務。
06:52
Instead of starting with technology,
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傳統的方式是從技術著手,
06:54
the team started with people and culture.
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我們的小組則以人和文化為起點。
06:57
So if human need is the place to start,
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因此如果人的需求是一切的起點,
07:00
then design thinking rapidly moves on to
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設計思考便成為一種學習的過程
07:02
learning by making.
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而不是僅限於製造。
07:04
Instead of thinking about what to build,
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不是去想說要製造什麼,
07:07
building in order to think.
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而是為了思考而製造。
07:10
Now, prototypes speed up the process of innovation,
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製作原型可以加速創新的過程。
07:13
because it is only when we put our ideas out into the world
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因為它只是把想法表現出來
07:16
that we really start to understand their strengths and weaknesses.
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用來真正開始了解它的優勢和劣勢。
07:19
And the faster we do that,
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原型製作的越快,
07:21
the faster our ideas evolve.
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想法發展的就越快。
07:24
Now, much has been said and written about
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最近有許多文章提到
07:26
the Aravind Eye Institute in Madurai, India.
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位於印度馬都賴的 Aravind 眼科醫院。
07:29
They do an incredible job of serving very poor patients
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這家醫院在服務貧困病患的工作上的成效卓越
07:33
by taking the revenues from those who can afford to pay
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他們向可負擔的病人收貴
07:35
to cross-subsidize those who cannot.
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來補貼無法負擔費用的病患。
07:39
Now, they are very efficient,
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他們不但非常有效率,
07:42
but they are also very innovative.
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也非常創新。
07:45
When I visited them a few years ago,
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幾年前我拜訪他們時,
07:48
what really impressed me was their willingness
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真正另我印象深刻的是他們很願意
07:50
to prototype their ideas very early.
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及早將想法原型化。
07:52
This is the manufacturing facility
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這是一個製造設備
07:54
for one of their biggest cost breakthroughs.
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他們最大的成本突破之一。
07:56
They make their own intraocular lenses.
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他們製造自己的眼內透鏡。
07:59
These are the lenses that replace those
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這些透鏡取代了
08:01
that are damaged by cataracts.
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因為白內障而損壞的眼睛一。
08:03
And I think it's partly their prototyping mentality
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我認為部分是因為他們的原型
08:07
that really allowed them to achieve the breakthrough.
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讓他們有這樣的突破。
08:09
Because they brought the cost down
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因為他們從一對
08:11
from $200 a pair,
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美金 200 元的成本
08:12
down to just $4 a pair.
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降到一對 4 美元。
08:17
Partly they did this by instead of building
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部分的原因是因為他們並不是建造
08:19
a fancy new factory,
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絢麗的新工廠,
08:21
they used the basement of one of their hospitals.
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而是使用其中一家醫院的地下室。
08:25
And instead of installing the large-scale machines
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他們不像西方的作法
08:28
used by western producers,
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安裝大型機器,
08:30
they used low-cost CAD/CAM prototyping technology.
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而是使用低成本的 CAD/CAM 原型製作技術。
08:34
They are now the biggest manufacturer of these lenses in the developing world
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他們現在已經是開發中國家中最大的透鏡製造商
08:38
and have recently moved into a custom factory.
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最近也搬到屬於自己的工廠。
08:42
So if human need is the place to start,
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所以如果人的需求是一切的起點,
08:44
and prototyping, a vehicle for progress,
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而原型又是演變的媒介,
08:46
then there are also some questions to ask about the destination.
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我們就要問一些關於目標的問題。
08:50
Instead of seeing its primary objective as consumption,
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設計思考並不是要看到主要的客觀意見,
08:55
design thinking is beginning to explore the potential of participation --
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而是要開始探索分享的潛力。
08:58
the shift from a passive relationship
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這種在消費者和製造者之間
09:01
between consumer and producer
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的被動關係移轉到
09:03
to the active engagement of everyone
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每個人主動的參與
09:05
in experiences that are meaningful,
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有意義、有效率
09:07
productive and profitable.
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和有利潤的體驗。
09:11
So I'd like to take the idea that Rory Sutherland talked about,
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所以我想引用 Rory Sutherland 所說的概念,
09:14
this notion that intangible things are worth perhaps more than physical things,
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這個概念就是無形的東西可能比有形的東西還有價值,
09:17
and take that a little bit further and say that
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再延伸這個觀念
09:19
I think the design of participatory systems,
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我認為在參與系統的設計中,
09:22
in which many more forms of value
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有很多不同形式的價值在裡面
09:25
beyond simply cash
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而不只是用金錢
09:27
are both created and measured,
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來建立與衡量,
09:30
is going to be the major theme, not only for design,
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這在將來會成為主流現象,而不只是設計而已,
09:33
but also for our economy as we go forward.
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也伴隨了經濟的發展。
09:37
So William Beveridge, when he wrote the first of his famous reports in 1942,
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William Beveridge 在 1942 年寫下他的第一份有名的報告時,
09:41
created what became Britain's welfare state
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就致使英國成為福利之國
09:45
in which he hoped that every citizen
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報告裡指出他希望每個公民
09:48
would be an active participant
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都可以主動參與
09:50
in their own social well-being.
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屬於他們的社會福利制度。
09:52
By the time he wrote his third report,
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在他寫第三份報告時,
09:55
he confessed that he had failed
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他坦承他失敗了
09:57
and instead had created a society of welfare consumers.
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他創造的是一個福利消費者的社會。
10:03
Hilary Cottam, Charlie Leadbeater,
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Hillary Cottam、Charlie Ledbetter、
10:05
and Hugo Manassei of Participle
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和 Participle 的 Hugo Manassei
10:07
have taken this idea of participation,
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把這個參與系統的想法,
10:10
and in their manifesto entitled Beveridge 4.0,
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套用在他們的 Beveridge 4.0 宣言中,
10:13
they are suggesting a framework
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他們提倡一種架構
10:15
for reinventing the welfare state.
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來改造福利國家。
10:18
So in one of their projects called Southwark Circle,
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在他們的其中一個 Southwark Circle 專案中
10:20
they worked with residents in Southwark, South London
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他們和倫敦南部 Southwark 的居民合作
10:23
and a small team of designers
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加上一小組的設計師
10:25
to develop a new membership organization
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來發展新的會員組織
10:29
to help the elderly with household tasks.
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協助年長者從事家務。
10:32
Designs were refined and developed
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這個計畫不斷地改進和發展
10:34
with 150 older people and their families
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囊括了 150 位老人及其家庭
10:37
before the service was launched earlier this year.
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這個服務已經在今年初正式啟動。
10:42
We can take this idea of participation
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我們可以把這種共同參與的想法
10:46
perhaps to its logical conclusion
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歸納成一個有邏輯的結論
10:48
and say that design may have its greatest impact
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而且可以說設計可以達到最大的影響力
10:50
when it's taken out of the hands of designers
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前提是要把設計從設計師的手中
10:53
and put into the hands of everyone.
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交到每個人的手上。
10:56
Nurses and practitioners at U.S. healthcare system
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美國保健系統的護士和參與者
10:59
Kaiser Permanente
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Kaiser Permanente
11:01
study the topic of improving the patient experience,
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研究如何改善病患經驗的主題。
11:06
and particularly focused on the way that they exchange knowledge
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而且特別注重在他們交換知識的方式
11:11
and change shift.
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以及輪班的方式。
11:14
Through a program of observational research,
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透過觀察研究、
11:16
brainstorming new solutions and rapid prototyping,
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腦力激盪新的解決方案,以及快速製作原型的一系列程序,
11:19
they've developed a completely new way to change shift.
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他們發展出一套全新的輪班方式。
11:22
They went from retreating to the nurse's station
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他們從撤除護士站開始
11:26
to discuss the various states and needs of patients,
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討論各種狀況和病患的需求,
11:28
to developing a system that happened on the ward
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來發展出一套病房事務的系統
11:31
in front of patients, using a simple software tool.
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只使用一個簡單的軟體工具。
11:34
By doing this they brought the time that they were away from patients
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藉此他們把離開病患的時間
11:36
down from 40 minutes to 12 minutes, on average.
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從平均 40 分鐘降到平均 12 分鐘。
11:40
They increased patient confidence and nurse happiness.
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他們提升了病患的信心和護士的幸福感。
11:44
When you multiply that by all the nurses
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把所有的護士的幸福感加乘
11:46
in all the wards in 40 hospitals in the system,
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並擴及系統內 40 家醫院的所有病房,
11:49
it resulted, actually, in a pretty big impact.
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便造成了巨大的影響。
11:51
And this is just one of thousands
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而這只是在保健系統
11:53
of opportunities in healthcare alone.
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機會裡面的千分之一而已。
11:59
So these are just some of the kind of basic ideas
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這些只是一些關於設計思考的
12:02
around design thinking
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基本想法
12:04
and some of the new kinds of projects
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以及一些他們正在應用
12:06
that they're being applied to.
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的新專案。
12:09
But I'd like to go back to Brunel here,
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現在我要回到 Brunel 這裡,
12:11
and suggest a connection that might explain why this is happening now,
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並提議一個可能解釋發生原因的連結,
12:15
and maybe why design thinking is a useful tool.
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以及為什麼設計思考是一個有用的工具。
12:20
And that connection is change.
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這個連結就是「改變」。
12:23
In times of change we need
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我們需要改變
12:25
new alternatives, new ideas.
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新的選擇,新的想法。
12:29
Now, Brunel worked at the height of the Industrial Revolution,
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Brunel 是在工業革命的高度工作
12:31
when all of life and our economy
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當我們的生活和經濟
12:33
was being reinvented.
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被重新改造之時。
12:35
Now the industrial systems of Brunel's time have run their course,
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雖然現在看 Brunel 的的工業系統是有些過時,
12:39
and indeed they are part of the problem today.
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而且說實話也造成現今一些問題。
12:41
But, again, we are in the midst of massive change.
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但是,我們正處在巨大變革的洪流中。
12:45
And that change is forcing us to question
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而這樣的變革迫使我們去質疑
12:48
quite fundamental aspects of our society --
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而且是社會非常基本的角度 --
12:50
how we keep ourselves healthy, how we govern ourselves,
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我們要如何保持健康、如何自我管理、
12:53
how we educate ourselves, how we keep ourselves secure.
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如何自我教育、如何保護自身安全。
12:57
And in these times of change, we need these new choices
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在這個變動的時代,我們需要新的選擇
13:00
because our existing solutions are simply becoming obsolete.
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因為既有的解決方案只會慢慢被淘汰。
13:05
So why design thinking?
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那為什麼要有設計思考呢?
13:07
Because it gives us a new way of tackling problems.
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因為它提供我們追蹤問題的新方法。
13:10
Instead of defaulting to our normal convergent approach
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不再是預設的單一方法
13:15
where we make the best choice out of available alternatives,
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而是在眾多的選項中挑選出最好的,
13:19
it encourages us to take a divergent approach,
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它鼓勵我們去嘗試不同的方法,
13:22
to explore new alternatives, new solutions,
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來探索新的可能性、新的解決方案、
13:24
new ideas that have not existed before.
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以及前所未有的新想法。
13:28
But before we go through that process of divergence,
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但是在我們採用不同的流程時,
13:30
there is actually quite an important first step.
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有一個很重要的第一步。
13:33
And that is, what is the question that we're trying to answer?
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第一步就是:我們要回答的問題是什麼?
13:36
What's the design brief?
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設計的概要是什麼?
13:38
Now Brunel may have asked a question like this,
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Brunel 可能會問這樣的問題:
13:40
"How do I take a train from London to New York?"
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「我要如何從倫敦搭火車到紐約呢?」
13:44
But what are the kinds of questions that we might ask today?
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但是如今我們會問什麼樣的問題呢?
13:48
So these are some that we've been asked to think about recently.
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這些就是我們最近被要求思考的一些事情。
13:54
And one in particular, is one that we're working on with the Acumen Fund,
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其中一個特別的案例就是跟 Acumen 基金合作的一個專案,
13:57
in a project that's been funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.
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這是一個由 Bill 和 Melinda Gates 基金會發起的專案。
14:01
How might we improve access to safe drinking water
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我們要如何為世界上最窮困的人
14:04
for the world's poorest people,
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改善安全飲用水的品質,
14:06
and at the same time stimulate innovation
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並同時刺激當地
14:08
amongst local water providers?
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水供應商的創新?
14:12
So instead of having a bunch of American designers
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因此我們並不雇用一堆的美國設計師
14:14
come up with new ideas that may or may not have been appropriate,
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來想出一些可能恰當或不恰當的新點子,
14:17
we took a sort of more open, collaborative and participative approach.
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我們採用一種更開放、更需要協同作業和參與的方式。
14:21
We teamed designers and investment experts up with
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我們聚集了一個由設計師和投資專家
14:24
11 water organizations across India.
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以及印度境內 11 個水資源組織組成的小組。
14:27
And through workshops they developed
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透過研討會的進行
14:29
innovative new products, services, and business models.
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來發展有創意的產品、服務和商業模式。
14:32
We hosted a competition
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我們舉辦了一個競賽
14:34
and then funded five of those organizations
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然後提供資金給五個組織
14:36
to develop their ideas.
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來發展他們的點子。
14:38
So they developed and iterated these ideas.
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他們發展並重製這些點子。
14:40
And then IDEO and Acumen spent several weeks working with them
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接著 IDEO 和 Acumen 花了數個星期跟他們一起工作
14:43
to help design new social marketing campaigns,
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來協助設計新的社會行銷活動、
14:48
community outreach strategies, business models,
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社區擴大服務策略、商業模式、
14:51
new water vessels for storing water
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新的儲水容器
14:53
and carts for delivering water.
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以及運送水的推車等。
14:56
Some of those ideas are just getting launched into the market.
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其中某些的點子已經開始出現在市場上。
14:58
And the same process is just getting underway
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而同樣的流程也在
15:00
with NGOs in East Africa.
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東非的非政府組織 (NGO) 發生。
15:03
So for me, this project shows
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因此對我而言,這個專案展現了
15:06
kind of how far we can go from
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我們可以達到這樣的境界
15:08
some of those sort of small things
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即使是其中有一些是如此的不起眼
15:10
that I was working on
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而在我的職業生涯
15:12
at the beginning of my career.
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的一開始就已經在做了。
15:14
That by focusing on the needs of humans
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聚焦在人類的需求上
15:18
and by using prototypes
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並使用原型的方法
15:20
to move ideas along quickly,
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來快速推動新的想法,
15:22
by getting the process out of the hands of designers,
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讓這些流程離開設計師的手
15:25
and by getting the active participation of the community,
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並透過群體的主動參與,
15:28
we can tackle bigger and more interesting questions.
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我們就能抓住更大、更有趣的問題。
15:31
And just like Brunel, by focusing on systems,
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就像 Brunel 一樣,聚焦在系統上,
15:34
we can have a bigger impact.
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我們可以造成極大的影響力。
15:37
So that's one thing that we've been working on.
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這也是我們正在努力做的。
15:40
I'm actually really quite interested, and perhaps more interested
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我其實很想要
15:43
to know what this community thinks we could work on.
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知道這個社群認為我們可以做到什麼地步。
15:47
What kinds of questions do we think
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我們想的是什麼樣的問題
15:50
design thinking could be used to tackle?
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設計思考可以如何應用?
15:53
And if you've got any ideas
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如果你有任何想法
15:55
then feel free, you can post them to Twitter.
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歡迎把它們 PO 到 Twitter 上。
15:57
There is a hash tag there that you can use, #CBDQ.
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你們可以用 hash tag #CBDQ 標籤來搜尋。
16:00
And the list looked something like this a little while ago.
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這個清單看起來好像有點過時。
16:03
And of course you can search to find the questions that you're interested in
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當然你也可以搜尋你有興趣的問題
16:07
by using the same hash code.
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只要使用相同的 hash 碼標籤即可。
16:09
So I'd like to believe that design thinking
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我堅信設計思考
16:13
actually can make a difference,
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可以讓世界變得不同,
16:15
that it can help create new ideas
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它可以幫助啟發新的想法,
16:17
and new innovations,
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和新的創新,
16:19
beyond the latest High Street products.
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而不只是熱門商品而已。
16:21
To do that I think we have to take a more expansive view of design,
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因此我想我們必須把設計的眼光放遠一些,
16:25
more like Brunel, less a domain of a professional priesthood.
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學習 Brunel,不要只把範圍侷限在專業領域而已。
16:31
And the first step is to start asking the right questions.
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而第一步就是從問正確的問題開始。
16:34
Thank you very much.
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非常感謝。
16:36
(Applause)
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(鼓掌)
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