Tim Brown urges designers to think big

694,325 views ・ 2009-09-30

TED


請雙擊下方英文字幕播放視頻。

譯者: James Chou 審譯者: Dxm Online大小媒體
00:12
I'd like to talk a little bit this morning
0
12160
2000
我今天早上要談的是
00:14
about what happens if we move from design
1
14160
3000
關於如果我們把設計升級到
00:17
to design thinking.
2
17160
3000
設計思考,會是怎樣的情形。
00:20
Now this rather old photo up there
3
20160
2000
這裡有一張舊的照片
00:22
is actually the first project I was ever hired to do,
4
22160
3000
這是我被雇用時進行的第一個專案。
00:25
something like 25 years ago.
5
25160
2000
大約是 25 年前的事了。
00:27
It's a woodworking machine, or at least a piece of one,
6
27160
2000
這是一台木作的機器,至少一部分是。
00:29
and my task was to
7
29160
2000
我的工作是
00:31
make this thing a little bit more modern,
8
31160
2000
讓這個東西更現代化一些,
00:33
a little bit easier to use.
9
33160
2000
更容易使用。
00:35
I thought, at the time, I did a pretty good job.
10
35160
3000
我當時以為我已經做的不錯了。
00:38
Unfortunately, not very long afterwards
11
38160
2000
不幸的是,不久之後
00:40
the company went out of business.
12
40160
3000
這家公司倒了。
00:43
This is the second project that I did. It's a fax machine.
13
43160
3000
這是我做的第二個專案。一台傳真機。
00:46
I put an attractive shell around some new technology.
14
46160
3000
除了一些新技術外,我也為它設計了漂亮的外殼。
00:49
Again, 18 months later,
15
49160
2000
再一次,18 個月後
00:51
the product was obsolete.
16
51160
2000
這個產品又過時了。
00:53
And now, of course, the whole technology is obsolete.
17
53160
5000
當然,到現在這台傳真機的所有技術都已經過時了。
00:58
Now, I'm a fairly slow learner,
18
58160
2000
我算是學習速度比較慢的人。
01:00
but eventually it occurred to me that
19
60160
2000
但終究我還是認為
01:02
maybe what passed for design
20
62160
2000
也許過去的設計經驗
01:04
wasn't all that important --
21
64160
2000
並不全然重要 --
01:06
making things more attractive,
22
66160
2000
讓東西更吸引人,
01:08
making them a bit easier to use,
23
68160
2000
讓它們更好用,
01:10
making them more marketable.
24
70160
3000
讓它們更好賣。
01:13
By focusing on a design,
25
73160
2000
只聚焦在設計本身,
01:15
maybe just a single product,
26
75160
2000
可能只是單一產品,
01:17
I was being incremental
27
77160
2000
我當時使用漸進式的思考模式
01:19
and not having much of an impact.
28
79160
4000
並沒有產生太大的影響。
01:23
But I think this small view of design
29
83160
2000
但我認為這種小格局的設計
01:25
is a relatively recent phenomenon,
30
85160
2000
是一種相對新的現象,
01:27
and in fact really emerged
31
87160
2000
而事實上這種現象真正的呈現
01:29
in the latter half of the 20th century
32
89160
2000
是在 20 世紀後半時期
01:31
as design became a tool of consumerism.
33
91160
4000
當設計變成消費主義的工具。
01:35
So when we talk about design today,
34
95160
2000
現在當我們談到設計,
01:37
and particularly when we read about it in the popular press,
35
97160
3000
特別是當我們在媒體上讀到
01:40
we're often talking about products like these.
36
100160
2000
常常指的像是這樣的產品。
01:42
Amusing? Yes. Desirable? Maybe.
37
102160
3000
賞心悅目?是的。想要買嗎?可能吧。
01:45
Important? Not so very.
38
105160
3000
很重要嗎?不見得。
01:48
But this wasn't always the way.
39
108160
2000
但也不是永遠都這樣。
01:50
And I'd like to suggest that if we take
40
110160
2000
所以我要建議用一種
01:52
a different view of design,
41
112160
2000
不同的方式來看設計,
01:54
and focus less on the object
42
114160
3000
而不要太聚焦在物件本身
01:57
and more on design thinking as an approach,
43
117160
3000
以更多的設計思考為途徑
02:00
that we actually might see the result in a bigger impact.
44
120160
5000
我們就會看到影響更深遠的結果。
02:05
Now this gentleman, Isambard Kingdom Brunel,
45
125160
2000
這位男士,Isambar Kingdom Brunel,
02:07
designed many great things in his career in the 19th century,
46
127160
4000
他在 19 世紀設計過許多偉大的東西,
02:11
including the Clifton suspension bridge in Bristol
47
131160
4000
其中包括了布里斯托的 Clifton 吊橋
02:15
and the Thames tunnel at Rotherhithe.
48
135160
2000
以及 Rotherhithe 的 Thames 隧道。
02:17
Both great designs and actually very innovative too.
49
137160
5000
這兩個偉大的設計也都非常的創新。
02:22
His greatest creation
50
142160
3000
他最偉大的創作
02:25
runs actually right through here in Oxford.
51
145160
2000
其實就在牛津這裡。
02:27
It's called the Great Western Railway.
52
147160
3000
它叫做 Great Western Railway
02:30
And as a kid I grew up very close to here,
53
150160
3000
我從小長大的地方很靠近這裡。
02:33
and one of my favorite things to do
54
153160
2000
我最喜歡做的事之一
02:35
was to cycle along by the side of the railway
55
155160
3000
就是沿著鐵軌來回走
02:38
waiting for the great big express trains to roar past.
56
158160
3000
等待偉大的快速列車呼嘯而過。
02:41
You can see it represented here in J.M.W. Turner's painting,
57
161160
2000
在這幅 J.M.W. Turner 的畫作裡面可以看到,
02:43
"Rain, Steam and Speed".
58
163160
3000
「雨、蒸汽和速度」。
02:46
Now, what Brunel said that he wanted to achieve for his passengers
59
166160
4000
Brunel 說他希望為乘客打造一種
02:50
was the experience of floating across the countryside.
60
170160
5000
漂浮在鄉間田野的體驗。
02:55
Now, this was back in the 19th century.
61
175160
2000
這是回溯到 19 世紀。
02:57
And to do that meant creating the flattest gradients
62
177160
2000
這意味著要打造出有史以來
02:59
that had ever yet been made,
63
179160
2000
最平坦的坡度,
03:01
which meant building long viaducts across river valleys --
64
181160
3000
也代表要跨越河谷建構長距離的高架橋 --
03:04
this is actually the viaduct across the Thames at Maidenhead --
65
184160
4000
這就是 Maidenhead 橫跨 Thames 的高架橋 --
03:08
and long tunnels such as the one at Box, in Wiltshire.
66
188160
6000
還有像是這個在 Wiltshire 的 Box 的長距離隧道。
03:14
But he didn't stop there. He didn't stop
67
194160
2000
但他並沒有就此喊停。他並不是
03:16
with just trying to design the best railway journey.
68
196160
3000
在設計最好的鐵路旅程後就此打住。
03:19
He imagined an integrated transportation system
69
199160
4000
他想像了一個整體的運輸系統
03:23
in which it would be possible for a passenger to embark
70
203160
3000
能夠讓旅客從
03:26
on a train in London
71
206160
3000
倫敦搭乘火車
03:29
and disembark from a ship in New York.
72
209160
3000
然後搭船到紐約。
03:32
One journey from London to New York.
73
212160
4000
一趟從倫敦到紐約的旅程。
03:36
This is the S.S. Great Western that he built
74
216160
2000
這是他建造的 S.S. Great Western 船隻
03:38
to take care of the second half of that journey.
75
218160
4000
負責旅程中的後半段。
03:42
Now, Brunel was working 100 years before
76
222160
2000
至今 Brunel 已經是 100 年前的人
03:44
the emergence of the design profession,
77
224160
3000
但已經展現出設計的專業。
03:47
but I think he was using design thinking
78
227160
3000
但我認為他是使用設計思考
03:50
to solve problems and to create world-changing innovations.
79
230160
5000
來解決問題並隨著世界的變化進行創新。
03:55
Now, design thinking begins with what Roger Martin,
80
235160
2000
現在設計思考開始變成 Roger Martin,
03:57
the business school professor at the University of Toronto,
81
237160
3000
他是多倫多大學的商學院教授,
04:00
calls integrative thinking.
82
240160
2000
所說的整合式思考。
04:02
And that's the ability to exploit opposing ideas
83
242160
3000
這是一種開發對立理念的能力
04:05
and opposing constraints
84
245160
2000
一種脫離束縛
04:07
to create new solutions.
85
247160
2000
創造出新的解決方案的方法。
04:09
In the case of design, that means
86
249160
3000
對設計來說,這代表了
04:12
balancing desirability, what humans need,
87
252160
4000
把人類的需求
04:16
with technical feasibility,
88
256160
2000
與技術的可行性
04:18
and economic viability.
89
258160
3000
和經濟的發展力予以平衡。
04:21
With innovations like the Great Western,
90
261160
2000
用 Great Western 的創新模式,
04:23
we can stretch that balance to the absolute limit.
91
263160
4000
我們可以將平衡延展到絕對的界限。
04:27
So somehow, we went from this to this.
92
267160
7000
因此,我們從這升級到這。
04:34
Systems thinkers who were reinventing the world,
93
274160
3000
從獨立創造世界的系統思考者,
04:37
to a priesthood of folks in black turtlenecks and designer glasses
94
277160
5000
到穿戴黑色高圓套領衣服和造型眼鏡的偉大設計師們
04:42
working on small things.
95
282160
2000
而且做的是一些雞毛蒜皮的事。
04:44
As our industrial society matured,
96
284160
4000
隨著我們工業社會漸趨成熟,
04:48
so design became a profession
97
288160
2000
設計也變成一種職業
04:50
and it focused on an ever smaller canvas
98
290160
3000
而且聚焦在很小的範圍之中
04:53
until it came to stand for aesthetics,
99
293160
2000
直到它符合所謂的美學、
04:55
image and fashion.
100
295160
2000
形象和時尚。
04:57
Now I'm not trying to throw stones here.
101
297160
3000
我這並不是在潑冷水。
05:00
I'm a fully paid-up member of that priesthood,
102
300160
2000
我也是所謂偉大設計師中的一員。
05:02
and somewhere in here I have my designer glasses.
103
302160
2000
我好像也有一支這種造型眼鏡。
05:04
There we go.
104
304160
3000
在這裡。
05:07
But I do think that perhaps design
105
307160
2000
但是我認為也許設計
05:09
is getting big again.
106
309160
2000
又漸漸成為重要的一環。
05:11
And that's happening through
107
311160
3000
這發生在
05:14
the application of design thinking
108
314160
2000
設計思考的應用過程中
05:16
to new kinds of problems --
109
316160
2000
新的問題 --
05:18
to global warming, to education,
110
318160
2000
全球暖化、教育議題、
05:20
healthcare, security, clean water, whatever.
111
320160
4000
保健、安全性、淨水資源等等。
05:24
And as we see this reemergence of design thinking
112
324160
3000
我們看到設計思考重新嶄露頭角
05:27
and we see it beginning to tackle new kinds of problems,
113
327160
3000
也看到它開始抓到新的問題,
05:30
there are some basic ideas that I think we can observe that are useful.
114
330160
3000
這裡有一些有用的基本想法
05:33
And I'd like to talk about some of those
115
333160
2000
我想在接下來的幾分鐘
05:35
just for the next few minutes.
116
335160
2000
談談這些想法。
05:37
The first of those is that design is
117
337160
2000
第一個想法就是
05:39
human-centered.
118
339160
3000
以人為中心。
05:42
It may integrate technology and economics,
119
342160
2000
設計可以整合科技和經濟,
05:44
but it starts with what humans need, or might need.
120
344160
4000
但始終以人的需要或可能的需求為起點。
05:48
What makes life easier, more enjoyable?
121
348160
2000
怎樣讓生活更輕鬆、更有趣?
05:50
What makes technology useful and usable?
122
350160
4000
怎樣讓科技變得更有用、更好用?
05:54
But that is more than simply good ergonomics,
123
354160
3000
這不僅僅是人類工程學,
05:57
putting the buttons in the right place.
124
357160
3000
將按鈕放在正確的位置而已。
06:00
It's often about understanding culture and context
125
360160
3000
它通常需要了解文化和連帶關係
06:03
before we even know where to start to have ideas.
126
363160
3000
在我們開始有任何想法之前。
06:06
So when a team was working on a new vision screening program in India,
127
366160
4000
因此當團隊在印度進行一個新的視力檢查計劃時,
06:10
they wanted to understand what the aspirations
128
370160
2000
就必須了解這些學童希望達到何種目的
06:12
and motivations were of these school children
129
372160
3000
以及他們的動機
06:15
to understand how they might play a role
130
375160
2000
以了解他們在看父母親時,
06:17
in screening their parents.
131
377160
5000
可能如何扮演自己的角色。
06:22
Conversion Sound has developed a high quality,
132
382160
2000
Conversion Sound 開發了一種高品質,
06:24
ultra-low-cost digital hearing aid
133
384160
3000
低成本的數位助聽器
06:27
for the developing world.
134
387160
2000
供開發中國家使用。
06:29
Now, in the West we rely on highly trained technicians
135
389160
4000
在西方文明世界我們靠的是高度訓練的技術人員
06:33
to fit these hearing aids.
136
393160
2000
協助配戴這些助聽器。
06:35
In places like India, those technicians simply don't exist.
137
395160
4000
類似像印度這種地方並沒有所謂的技術人員
06:39
So it took a team working in India
138
399160
2000
所以小組成員必須在印度
06:41
with patients and community health workers
139
401160
2000
與病患和社區健康工作人員合作
06:43
to understand how a PDA
140
403160
2000
以了解 PDA
06:45
and an application on a PDA
141
405160
2000
以及 PDA 上的應用程式
06:47
might replace those technicians
142
407160
2000
如何取代這些技師
06:49
in a fitting and diagnostic service.
143
409160
3000
進行配戴和診斷的服務。
06:52
Instead of starting with technology,
144
412160
2000
傳統的方式是從技術著手,
06:54
the team started with people and culture.
145
414160
3000
我們的小組則以人和文化為起點。
06:57
So if human need is the place to start,
146
417160
3000
因此如果人的需求是一切的起點,
07:00
then design thinking rapidly moves on to
147
420160
2000
設計思考便成為一種學習的過程
07:02
learning by making.
148
422160
2000
而不是僅限於製造。
07:04
Instead of thinking about what to build,
149
424160
3000
不是去想說要製造什麼,
07:07
building in order to think.
150
427160
3000
而是為了思考而製造。
07:10
Now, prototypes speed up the process of innovation,
151
430160
3000
製作原型可以加速創新的過程。
07:13
because it is only when we put our ideas out into the world
152
433160
3000
因為它只是把想法表現出來
07:16
that we really start to understand their strengths and weaknesses.
153
436160
3000
用來真正開始了解它的優勢和劣勢。
07:19
And the faster we do that,
154
439160
2000
原型製作的越快,
07:21
the faster our ideas evolve.
155
441160
3000
想法發展的就越快。
07:24
Now, much has been said and written about
156
444160
2000
最近有許多文章提到
07:26
the Aravind Eye Institute in Madurai, India.
157
446160
3000
位於印度馬都賴的 Aravind 眼科醫院。
07:29
They do an incredible job of serving very poor patients
158
449160
4000
這家醫院在服務貧困病患的工作上的成效卓越
07:33
by taking the revenues from those who can afford to pay
159
453160
2000
他們向可負擔的病人收貴
07:35
to cross-subsidize those who cannot.
160
455160
4000
來補貼無法負擔費用的病患。
07:39
Now, they are very efficient,
161
459160
3000
他們不但非常有效率,
07:42
but they are also very innovative.
162
462160
3000
也非常創新。
07:45
When I visited them a few years ago,
163
465160
3000
幾年前我拜訪他們時,
07:48
what really impressed me was their willingness
164
468160
2000
真正另我印象深刻的是他們很願意
07:50
to prototype their ideas very early.
165
470160
2000
及早將想法原型化。
07:52
This is the manufacturing facility
166
472160
2000
這是一個製造設備
07:54
for one of their biggest cost breakthroughs.
167
474160
2000
他們最大的成本突破之一。
07:56
They make their own intraocular lenses.
168
476160
3000
他們製造自己的眼內透鏡。
07:59
These are the lenses that replace those
169
479160
2000
這些透鏡取代了
08:01
that are damaged by cataracts.
170
481160
2000
因為白內障而損壞的眼睛一。
08:03
And I think it's partly their prototyping mentality
171
483160
4000
我認為部分是因為他們的原型
08:07
that really allowed them to achieve the breakthrough.
172
487160
2000
讓他們有這樣的突破。
08:09
Because they brought the cost down
173
489160
2000
因為他們從一對
08:11
from $200 a pair,
174
491160
1000
美金 200 元的成本
08:12
down to just $4 a pair.
175
492160
5000
降到一對 4 美元。
08:17
Partly they did this by instead of building
176
497160
2000
部分的原因是因為他們並不是建造
08:19
a fancy new factory,
177
499160
2000
絢麗的新工廠,
08:21
they used the basement of one of their hospitals.
178
501160
4000
而是使用其中一家醫院的地下室。
08:25
And instead of installing the large-scale machines
179
505160
3000
他們不像西方的作法
08:28
used by western producers,
180
508160
2000
安裝大型機器,
08:30
they used low-cost CAD/CAM prototyping technology.
181
510160
4000
而是使用低成本的 CAD/CAM 原型製作技術。
08:34
They are now the biggest manufacturer of these lenses in the developing world
182
514160
4000
他們現在已經是開發中國家中最大的透鏡製造商
08:38
and have recently moved into a custom factory.
183
518160
4000
最近也搬到屬於自己的工廠。
08:42
So if human need is the place to start,
184
522160
2000
所以如果人的需求是一切的起點,
08:44
and prototyping, a vehicle for progress,
185
524160
2000
而原型又是演變的媒介,
08:46
then there are also some questions to ask about the destination.
186
526160
4000
我們就要問一些關於目標的問題。
08:50
Instead of seeing its primary objective as consumption,
187
530160
5000
設計思考並不是要看到主要的客觀意見,
08:55
design thinking is beginning to explore the potential of participation --
188
535160
3000
而是要開始探索分享的潛力。
08:58
the shift from a passive relationship
189
538160
3000
這種在消費者和製造者之間
09:01
between consumer and producer
190
541160
2000
的被動關係移轉到
09:03
to the active engagement of everyone
191
543160
2000
每個人主動的參與
09:05
in experiences that are meaningful,
192
545160
2000
有意義、有效率
09:07
productive and profitable.
193
547160
4000
和有利潤的體驗。
09:11
So I'd like to take the idea that Rory Sutherland talked about,
194
551160
3000
所以我想引用 Rory Sutherland 所說的概念,
09:14
this notion that intangible things are worth perhaps more than physical things,
195
554160
3000
這個概念就是無形的東西可能比有形的東西還有價值,
09:17
and take that a little bit further and say that
196
557160
2000
再延伸這個觀念
09:19
I think the design of participatory systems,
197
559160
3000
我認為在參與系統的設計中,
09:22
in which many more forms of value
198
562160
3000
有很多不同形式的價值在裡面
09:25
beyond simply cash
199
565160
2000
而不只是用金錢
09:27
are both created and measured,
200
567160
3000
來建立與衡量,
09:30
is going to be the major theme, not only for design,
201
570160
3000
這在將來會成為主流現象,而不只是設計而已,
09:33
but also for our economy as we go forward.
202
573160
4000
也伴隨了經濟的發展。
09:37
So William Beveridge, when he wrote the first of his famous reports in 1942,
203
577160
4000
William Beveridge 在 1942 年寫下他的第一份有名的報告時,
09:41
created what became Britain's welfare state
204
581160
4000
就致使英國成為福利之國
09:45
in which he hoped that every citizen
205
585160
3000
報告裡指出他希望每個公民
09:48
would be an active participant
206
588160
2000
都可以主動參與
09:50
in their own social well-being.
207
590160
2000
屬於他們的社會福利制度。
09:52
By the time he wrote his third report,
208
592160
3000
在他寫第三份報告時,
09:55
he confessed that he had failed
209
595160
2000
他坦承他失敗了
09:57
and instead had created a society of welfare consumers.
210
597160
6000
他創造的是一個福利消費者的社會。
10:03
Hilary Cottam, Charlie Leadbeater,
211
603160
2000
Hillary Cottam、Charlie Ledbetter、
10:05
and Hugo Manassei of Participle
212
605160
2000
和 Participle 的 Hugo Manassei
10:07
have taken this idea of participation,
213
607160
3000
把這個參與系統的想法,
10:10
and in their manifesto entitled Beveridge 4.0,
214
610160
3000
套用在他們的 Beveridge 4.0 宣言中,
10:13
they are suggesting a framework
215
613160
2000
他們提倡一種架構
10:15
for reinventing the welfare state.
216
615160
3000
來改造福利國家。
10:18
So in one of their projects called Southwark Circle,
217
618160
2000
在他們的其中一個 Southwark Circle 專案中
10:20
they worked with residents in Southwark, South London
218
620160
3000
他們和倫敦南部 Southwark 的居民合作
10:23
and a small team of designers
219
623160
2000
加上一小組的設計師
10:25
to develop a new membership organization
220
625160
4000
來發展新的會員組織
10:29
to help the elderly with household tasks.
221
629160
3000
協助年長者從事家務。
10:32
Designs were refined and developed
222
632160
2000
這個計畫不斷地改進和發展
10:34
with 150 older people and their families
223
634160
3000
囊括了 150 位老人及其家庭
10:37
before the service was launched earlier this year.
224
637160
5000
這個服務已經在今年初正式啟動。
10:42
We can take this idea of participation
225
642160
4000
我們可以把這種共同參與的想法
10:46
perhaps to its logical conclusion
226
646160
2000
歸納成一個有邏輯的結論
10:48
and say that design may have its greatest impact
227
648160
2000
而且可以說設計可以達到最大的影響力
10:50
when it's taken out of the hands of designers
228
650160
3000
前提是要把設計從設計師的手中
10:53
and put into the hands of everyone.
229
653160
3000
交到每個人的手上。
10:56
Nurses and practitioners at U.S. healthcare system
230
656160
3000
美國保健系統的護士和參與者
10:59
Kaiser Permanente
231
659160
2000
Kaiser Permanente
11:01
study the topic of improving the patient experience,
232
661160
5000
研究如何改善病患經驗的主題。
11:06
and particularly focused on the way that they exchange knowledge
233
666160
5000
而且特別注重在他們交換知識的方式
11:11
and change shift.
234
671160
3000
以及輪班的方式。
11:14
Through a program of observational research,
235
674160
2000
透過觀察研究、
11:16
brainstorming new solutions and rapid prototyping,
236
676160
3000
腦力激盪新的解決方案,以及快速製作原型的一系列程序,
11:19
they've developed a completely new way to change shift.
237
679160
3000
他們發展出一套全新的輪班方式。
11:22
They went from retreating to the nurse's station
238
682160
4000
他們從撤除護士站開始
11:26
to discuss the various states and needs of patients,
239
686160
2000
討論各種狀況和病患的需求,
11:28
to developing a system that happened on the ward
240
688160
3000
來發展出一套病房事務的系統
11:31
in front of patients, using a simple software tool.
241
691160
3000
只使用一個簡單的軟體工具。
11:34
By doing this they brought the time that they were away from patients
242
694160
2000
藉此他們把離開病患的時間
11:36
down from 40 minutes to 12 minutes, on average.
243
696160
4000
從平均 40 分鐘降到平均 12 分鐘。
11:40
They increased patient confidence and nurse happiness.
244
700160
4000
他們提升了病患的信心和護士的幸福感。
11:44
When you multiply that by all the nurses
245
704160
2000
把所有的護士的幸福感加乘
11:46
in all the wards in 40 hospitals in the system,
246
706160
3000
並擴及系統內 40 家醫院的所有病房,
11:49
it resulted, actually, in a pretty big impact.
247
709160
2000
便造成了巨大的影響。
11:51
And this is just one of thousands
248
711160
2000
而這只是在保健系統
11:53
of opportunities in healthcare alone.
249
713160
6000
機會裡面的千分之一而已。
11:59
So these are just some of the kind of basic ideas
250
719160
3000
這些只是一些關於設計思考的
12:02
around design thinking
251
722160
2000
基本想法
12:04
and some of the new kinds of projects
252
724160
2000
以及一些他們正在應用
12:06
that they're being applied to.
253
726160
3000
的新專案。
12:09
But I'd like to go back to Brunel here,
254
729160
2000
現在我要回到 Brunel 這裡,
12:11
and suggest a connection that might explain why this is happening now,
255
731160
4000
並提議一個可能解釋發生原因的連結,
12:15
and maybe why design thinking is a useful tool.
256
735160
5000
以及為什麼設計思考是一個有用的工具。
12:20
And that connection is change.
257
740160
3000
這個連結就是「改變」。
12:23
In times of change we need
258
743160
2000
我們需要改變
12:25
new alternatives, new ideas.
259
745160
4000
新的選擇,新的想法。
12:29
Now, Brunel worked at the height of the Industrial Revolution,
260
749160
2000
Brunel 是在工業革命的高度工作
12:31
when all of life and our economy
261
751160
2000
當我們的生活和經濟
12:33
was being reinvented.
262
753160
2000
被重新改造之時。
12:35
Now the industrial systems of Brunel's time have run their course,
263
755160
4000
雖然現在看 Brunel 的的工業系統是有些過時,
12:39
and indeed they are part of the problem today.
264
759160
2000
而且說實話也造成現今一些問題。
12:41
But, again, we are in the midst of massive change.
265
761160
4000
但是,我們正處在巨大變革的洪流中。
12:45
And that change is forcing us to question
266
765160
3000
而這樣的變革迫使我們去質疑
12:48
quite fundamental aspects of our society --
267
768160
2000
而且是社會非常基本的角度 --
12:50
how we keep ourselves healthy, how we govern ourselves,
268
770160
3000
我們要如何保持健康、如何自我管理、
12:53
how we educate ourselves, how we keep ourselves secure.
269
773160
4000
如何自我教育、如何保護自身安全。
12:57
And in these times of change, we need these new choices
270
777160
3000
在這個變動的時代,我們需要新的選擇
13:00
because our existing solutions are simply becoming obsolete.
271
780160
5000
因為既有的解決方案只會慢慢被淘汰。
13:05
So why design thinking?
272
785160
2000
那為什麼要有設計思考呢?
13:07
Because it gives us a new way of tackling problems.
273
787160
3000
因為它提供我們追蹤問題的新方法。
13:10
Instead of defaulting to our normal convergent approach
274
790160
5000
不再是預設的單一方法
13:15
where we make the best choice out of available alternatives,
275
795160
4000
而是在眾多的選項中挑選出最好的,
13:19
it encourages us to take a divergent approach,
276
799160
3000
它鼓勵我們去嘗試不同的方法,
13:22
to explore new alternatives, new solutions,
277
802160
2000
來探索新的可能性、新的解決方案、
13:24
new ideas that have not existed before.
278
804160
4000
以及前所未有的新想法。
13:28
But before we go through that process of divergence,
279
808160
2000
但是在我們採用不同的流程時,
13:30
there is actually quite an important first step.
280
810160
3000
有一個很重要的第一步。
13:33
And that is, what is the question that we're trying to answer?
281
813160
3000
第一步就是:我們要回答的問題是什麼?
13:36
What's the design brief?
282
816160
2000
設計的概要是什麼?
13:38
Now Brunel may have asked a question like this,
283
818160
2000
Brunel 可能會問這樣的問題:
13:40
"How do I take a train from London to New York?"
284
820160
4000
「我要如何從倫敦搭火車到紐約呢?」
13:44
But what are the kinds of questions that we might ask today?
285
824160
4000
但是如今我們會問什麼樣的問題呢?
13:48
So these are some that we've been asked to think about recently.
286
828160
6000
這些就是我們最近被要求思考的一些事情。
13:54
And one in particular, is one that we're working on with the Acumen Fund,
287
834160
3000
其中一個特別的案例就是跟 Acumen 基金合作的一個專案,
13:57
in a project that's been funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.
288
837160
4000
這是一個由 Bill 和 Melinda Gates 基金會發起的專案。
14:01
How might we improve access to safe drinking water
289
841160
3000
我們要如何為世界上最窮困的人
14:04
for the world's poorest people,
290
844160
2000
改善安全飲用水的品質,
14:06
and at the same time stimulate innovation
291
846160
2000
並同時刺激當地
14:08
amongst local water providers?
292
848160
4000
水供應商的創新?
14:12
So instead of having a bunch of American designers
293
852160
2000
因此我們並不雇用一堆的美國設計師
14:14
come up with new ideas that may or may not have been appropriate,
294
854160
3000
來想出一些可能恰當或不恰當的新點子,
14:17
we took a sort of more open, collaborative and participative approach.
295
857160
4000
我們採用一種更開放、更需要協同作業和參與的方式。
14:21
We teamed designers and investment experts up with
296
861160
3000
我們聚集了一個由設計師和投資專家
14:24
11 water organizations across India.
297
864160
3000
以及印度境內 11 個水資源組織組成的小組。
14:27
And through workshops they developed
298
867160
2000
透過研討會的進行
14:29
innovative new products, services, and business models.
299
869160
3000
來發展有創意的產品、服務和商業模式。
14:32
We hosted a competition
300
872160
2000
我們舉辦了一個競賽
14:34
and then funded five of those organizations
301
874160
2000
然後提供資金給五個組織
14:36
to develop their ideas.
302
876160
2000
來發展他們的點子。
14:38
So they developed and iterated these ideas.
303
878160
2000
他們發展並重製這些點子。
14:40
And then IDEO and Acumen spent several weeks working with them
304
880160
3000
接著 IDEO 和 Acumen 花了數個星期跟他們一起工作
14:43
to help design new social marketing campaigns,
305
883160
5000
來協助設計新的社會行銷活動、
14:48
community outreach strategies, business models,
306
888160
3000
社區擴大服務策略、商業模式、
14:51
new water vessels for storing water
307
891160
2000
新的儲水容器
14:53
and carts for delivering water.
308
893160
3000
以及運送水的推車等。
14:56
Some of those ideas are just getting launched into the market.
309
896160
2000
其中某些的點子已經開始出現在市場上。
14:58
And the same process is just getting underway
310
898160
2000
而同樣的流程也在
15:00
with NGOs in East Africa.
311
900160
3000
東非的非政府組織 (NGO) 發生。
15:03
So for me, this project shows
312
903160
3000
因此對我而言,這個專案展現了
15:06
kind of how far we can go from
313
906160
2000
我們可以達到這樣的境界
15:08
some of those sort of small things
314
908160
2000
即使是其中有一些是如此的不起眼
15:10
that I was working on
315
910160
2000
而在我的職業生涯
15:12
at the beginning of my career.
316
912160
2000
的一開始就已經在做了。
15:14
That by focusing on the needs of humans
317
914160
4000
聚焦在人類的需求上
15:18
and by using prototypes
318
918160
2000
並使用原型的方法
15:20
to move ideas along quickly,
319
920160
2000
來快速推動新的想法,
15:22
by getting the process out of the hands of designers,
320
922160
3000
讓這些流程離開設計師的手
15:25
and by getting the active participation of the community,
321
925160
3000
並透過群體的主動參與,
15:28
we can tackle bigger and more interesting questions.
322
928160
3000
我們就能抓住更大、更有趣的問題。
15:31
And just like Brunel, by focusing on systems,
323
931160
3000
就像 Brunel 一樣,聚焦在系統上,
15:34
we can have a bigger impact.
324
934160
3000
我們可以造成極大的影響力。
15:37
So that's one thing that we've been working on.
325
937160
3000
這也是我們正在努力做的。
15:40
I'm actually really quite interested, and perhaps more interested
326
940160
3000
我其實很想要
15:43
to know what this community thinks we could work on.
327
943160
4000
知道這個社群認為我們可以做到什麼地步。
15:47
What kinds of questions do we think
328
947160
3000
我們想的是什麼樣的問題
15:50
design thinking could be used to tackle?
329
950160
3000
設計思考可以如何應用?
15:53
And if you've got any ideas
330
953160
2000
如果你有任何想法
15:55
then feel free, you can post them to Twitter.
331
955160
2000
歡迎把它們 PO 到 Twitter 上。
15:57
There is a hash tag there that you can use, #CBDQ.
332
957160
3000
你們可以用 hash tag #CBDQ 標籤來搜尋。
16:00
And the list looked something like this a little while ago.
333
960160
3000
這個清單看起來好像有點過時。
16:03
And of course you can search to find the questions that you're interested in
334
963160
4000
當然你也可以搜尋你有興趣的問題
16:07
by using the same hash code.
335
967160
2000
只要使用相同的 hash 碼標籤即可。
16:09
So I'd like to believe that design thinking
336
969160
4000
我堅信設計思考
16:13
actually can make a difference,
337
973160
2000
可以讓世界變得不同,
16:15
that it can help create new ideas
338
975160
2000
它可以幫助啟發新的想法,
16:17
and new innovations,
339
977160
2000
和新的創新,
16:19
beyond the latest High Street products.
340
979160
2000
而不只是熱門商品而已。
16:21
To do that I think we have to take a more expansive view of design,
341
981160
4000
因此我想我們必須把設計的眼光放遠一些,
16:25
more like Brunel, less a domain of a professional priesthood.
342
985160
6000
學習 Brunel,不要只把範圍侷限在專業領域而已。
16:31
And the first step is to start asking the right questions.
343
991160
3000
而第一步就是從問正確的問題開始。
16:34
Thank you very much.
344
994160
2000
非常感謝。
16:36
(Applause)
345
996160
5000
(鼓掌)
關於本網站

本網站將向您介紹對學習英語有用的 YouTube 視頻。 您將看到來自世界各地的一流教師教授的英語課程。 雙擊每個視頻頁面上顯示的英文字幕,從那裡播放視頻。 字幕與視頻播放同步滾動。 如果您有任何意見或要求,請使用此聯繫表與我們聯繫。

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7