Tim Brown urges designers to think big

699,061 views ใƒป 2009-09-30

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Mike Hong ๊ฒ€ํ† : Joanne Jung Eun Choi
00:12
I'd like to talk a little bit this morning
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ €๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋””์ž์ธ์—์„œ ๋””์ž์ธ์  ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋กœ
00:14
about what happens if we move from design
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์ „ํ™˜์„ ํ•˜๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ๋“ค์ด ๋ฒŒ์–ด์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
00:17
to design thinking.
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๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:20
Now this rather old photo up there
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ์ด ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ์‚ฌ์ง„์€
00:22
is actually the first project I was ever hired to do,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งก์•„์„œ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:25
something like 25 years ago.
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์•ฝ 25๋…„์ฏค ์ „์ด์ง€์š”.
00:27
It's a woodworking machine, or at least a piece of one,
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๋‚˜๋ฌด ๊ณต์ž‘ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ๋ญ ์•”ํŠผ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์ฃ 
00:29
and my task was to
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์ œ ์ผ์€ ์ด๊ฑธ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋ชจ๋˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ
00:31
make this thing a little bit more modern,
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๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ณ , ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ํŽธํ•˜๊ฒŒ
00:33
a little bit easier to use.
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๊ฐœ๋Ÿ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:35
I thought, at the time, I did a pretty good job.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ์—”, ์ ์–ด๋„ ๊ทธ ๋‹น์‹œ์—”, ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ์ž˜ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์ฃ .
00:38
Unfortunately, not very long afterwards
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋งŒ, ์–ผ๋งˆ ์ง€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„ ๊ทธ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€
00:40
the company went out of business.
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๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ง์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:43
This is the second project that I did. It's a fax machine.
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์ด๊ฑด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŒฉ์Šค ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์ฃ 
00:46
I put an attractive shell around some new technology.
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๊ทธ ๋‹น์‹œ ์‹ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์— ๋งค๋ ฅ์ ์ธ ๊ป๋ฐ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์”Œ์šด ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:49
Again, 18 months later,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , 18๊ฐœ์›”์ด ์ง€๋‚œ ํ›„
00:51
the product was obsolete.
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์ด ์ œํ’ˆ ๋˜ํ•œ ํ•œ๋ฌผ๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:53
And now, of course, the whole technology is obsolete.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ง€๊ธˆ์€, ๊ทธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์ „์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๊ตฌ์‹œ๋Œ€์˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
00:58
Now, I'm a fairly slow learner,
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์ €๋Š” ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š”๋ฐ ์˜ค๋ž˜ ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํŽธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:00
but eventually it occurred to me that
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋งŒ ์ €๋Š” ๋””์ž์ธ์ด ์˜ณ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
01:02
maybe what passed for design
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์ฆ‰, ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์„ ๋งค๋ ฅ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ด๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ ,
01:04
wasn't all that important --
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์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ ,
01:06
making things more attractive,
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์‹œ์žฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚œ ์ƒํ’ˆ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ž‘์—…์ด
01:08
making them a bit easier to use,
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ผ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„
01:10
making them more marketable.
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๊นจ๋‹ซ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:13
By focusing on a design,
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ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๋””์ž์ธ์— ์ด›์ ์„ ๋งž์ถค์œผ๋กœ์จ,
01:15
maybe just a single product,
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ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ œํ’ˆ์—๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ณ ,
01:17
I was being incremental
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์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ๋ฐœ์ „์„ ์‹œํ‚ฌ์ง€ ๋ชฐ๋ผ๋„,
01:19
and not having much of an impact.
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์ „์ฒด ์‚ฐ์—…์—๋Š” ํฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ์—†๋Š”๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
01:23
But I think this small view of design
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋งŒ, ์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ง€์—ฝ์ ์ธ
01:25
is a relatively recent phenomenon,
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๋””์ž์ธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์€ ์ตœ๊ทผ์—์„œ์•ผ, ์ฆ‰ 20์„ธ๊ธฐ ํ›„๋ฐ˜์—
01:27
and in fact really emerged
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๋“ค์–ด์„œ ๋””์ž์ธ์ด ์†Œ๋น„์ฃผ์˜์˜ ๋„๊ตฌ๋กœ
01:29
in the latter half of the 20th century
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์ „๋ฝํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋ณธ๊ฒฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ธฐ
01:31
as design became a tool of consumerism.
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์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:35
So when we talk about design today,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋””์ž์ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜๋ฉด,
01:37
and particularly when we read about it in the popular press,
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ํŠนํžˆ๋‚˜ ์–ธ๋ก ์— ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ๋””์ž์ธ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ฝ๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด,
01:40
we're often talking about products like these.
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์ฃผ๋กœ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ œํ’ˆ์˜ ๋””์ž์ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๋งํ•˜์ฃ .
01:42
Amusing? Yes. Desirable? Maybe.
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๋ณด๊ธฐ์— ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์šด๊ฐ€์š”? '๋„ค', ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€๊ฐ€์š”? '์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด,'
01:45
Important? Not so very.
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์ค‘์š”ํ•œ๊ฐ€์š”? '๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง„ ์•Š์ฃ .'
01:48
But this wasn't always the way.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋งŒ ๋””์ž์ธ์ด๋ž€ ๊ฒŒ ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ด๋Ÿฐ์‹์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:50
And I'd like to suggest that if we take
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋””์ž์ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ
01:52
a different view of design,
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์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‹œ๊ฐ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ 
01:54
and focus less on the object
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์ œํ’ˆ ์ž์ฒด์—์„œ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜์„œ
01:57
and more on design thinking as an approach,
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์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฐฉ์‹ ์ž์ฒด์— ๋””์ž์ธ์  ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ณ ,
02:00
that we actually might see the result in a bigger impact.
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๋””์ž์ธ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ณผ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ํฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์ž๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
02:05
Now this gentleman, Isambard Kingdom Brunel,
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์ด ๋ถ„์€ ์ด์‚ผ๋ฐ”ํŠธ ํ‚น๋ค ๋ธŒ๋ฃจ๋„ฌ(Brunel) ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:07
designed many great things in his career in the 19th century,
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19์„ธ๊ธฐ์— ์ˆ˜ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์„ ๋””์ž์ธ ํ•œ ๋ถ„์ด์ฃ .
02:11
including the Clifton suspension bridge in Bristol
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๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ์Šคํ†จ์˜ ํด๋ฆฌํ”„ํ„ด ์„œ์ŠคํŽœ์…˜ ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ,
02:15
and the Thames tunnel at Rotherhithe.
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๋กœํ„ฐ๋ฆฌํŠธ์˜ ํƒฌ์ฆˆ ํ„ฐ๋„
02:17
Both great designs and actually very innovative too.
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๋ชจ๋‘ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ๋””์ž์ธ์„ ๊ฐ–์ถ˜ ํ˜์‹ ์ ์ธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฌผ๋“ค์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
02:22
His greatest creation
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๊ทธ์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
02:25
runs actually right through here in Oxford.
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์˜ฅ์Šคํฌ๋“œ๋ฅผ ๊ด€ํ†ตํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:27
It's called the Great Western Railway.
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๊ทธ๋ ˆ์ดํŠธ ์›จ์Šคํ„ด ๊ธฐ์ฐจ๊ธธ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (GWS)
02:30
And as a kid I grew up very close to here,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ ธ์„ ์ ์— ์ด ๊ธฐ์ฐจ๊ธธ ์˜†์—์„œ ์ž๋ผ๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:33
and one of my favorite things to do
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์–ด๋ฆด์ ์— ์ œ์ผ ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ๋†€์ด๋Š”
02:35
was to cycle along by the side of the railway
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์ž์ „๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ํƒ€๊ณ , ์ด ํฐ ๊ธฐ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ๊ต‰์Œ์„ ์šธ๋ฆฌ๋ฉฐ ์ง€๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋Š”
02:38
waiting for the great big express trains to roar past.
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๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋ฉฐ ์—ด์ฐจ๊ธธ์„ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋‹ฌ๋ ธ๋˜ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:41
You can see it represented here in J.M.W. Turner's painting,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ JMW ํ„ฐ๋„ˆ์˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์— ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋ณด์‹œ์ฃ 
02:43
"Rain, Steam and Speed".
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"๋น„, ์ฆ๊ธฐ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์†๋„"
02:46
Now, what Brunel said that he wanted to achieve for his passengers
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๋ธŒ๋ฃจ๋„ฌ์ด ์ด๊ฑธ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ์Šน๊ฐ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ฃผ๊ณ ์ž ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ธฐ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ํƒ€๊ณ 
02:50
was the experience of floating across the countryside.
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๊ต์™ธ๋ฅผ ๋‘ฅ๋‘ฅ ๋– ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:55
Now, this was back in the 19th century.
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์ด๊ฒŒ 19์„ธ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:57
And to do that meant creating the flattest gradients
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ž‘์—…์ด ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์—ฌํƒœ๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ๊ธฐ์ฐจ์ค‘์—
02:59
that had ever yet been made,
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ‰ํ‰ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ,
03:01
which meant building long viaducts across river valleys --
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ํฐ ๊ฐ•์˜ ๊ณ„๊ณก์„ ๊ฑด๋„ˆ๋Š” ๊ตฌ๋ฆ„๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ,
03:04
this is actually the viaduct across the Thames at Maidenhead --
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฉ”์ด๋“ ํ—ค๋“œ์˜ ํ…œ์ฆˆ๊ฐ•์„ ๊ฐ€๋กœ์ง€๋ฅด๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ ๊ต๊ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:08
and long tunnels such as the one at Box, in Wiltshire.
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์œŒํŠธ์…”์˜ ๋ณต์Šค ์ง€์—ญ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ธธ๋‹ค๋ž€ ํ„ฐ๋„์„ ๋งŒ๋“ ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:14
But he didn't stop there. He didn't stop
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์„œ ๊ทธ์น˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:16
with just trying to design the best railway journey.
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๊ทธ์ € ์ตœ์ƒ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ฐป๊ธธ์„ ๋””์ž์ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ์น˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์ฃ .
03:19
He imagined an integrated transportation system
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์Šน๊ฐ๋“ค์ด ๋Ÿฐ๋˜์—์„œ ๊ธฐ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ํƒ€๊ณ  ์ถœ๋ฐœํ•ด์„œ
03:23
in which it would be possible for a passenger to embark
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๋‰ด์š•์— ๋„์ฐฉํ•œ ๋ฐฐ์—์„œ ํ•˜์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
03:26
on a train in London
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ†ตํ•ฉ๋œ ์šด์†ก ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„
03:29
and disembark from a ship in New York.
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๊ฟˆ๊พธ์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
03:32
One journey from London to New York.
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๋Ÿฐ๋˜์—์„œ ๋‰ด์š•๊นŒ์ง€ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ์—!
03:36
This is the S.S. Great Western that he built
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์ด๊ฒƒ์— ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“  SS Great Western ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:38
to take care of the second half of that journey.
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๊ทธ ํ†ตํ•ฉ ์—ฌํ–‰์˜ ํ›„๋ฐ˜์„ ์ฑ…์ž„์ง€๋Š” ๋…€์„์ด์ฃ 
03:42
Now, Brunel was working 100 years before
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์ž, Brunel ์€ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ๋””์ž์ธ์ด ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ง์—…์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€๋‘๋˜๊ธฐ
03:44
the emergence of the design profession,
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100๋…„ ์ „์— ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ž‘์—…์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:47
but I think he was using design thinking
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š” ๋ฐœ๋ช…๋“ค์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ 
03:50
to solve problems and to create world-changing innovations.
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๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋””์ž์ธ์  ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:55
Now, design thinking begins with what Roger Martin,
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๋””์ž์ธ์  ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ž€ ํ† ๋ก ํ†  ๋Œ€ํ•™์˜ ๊ฒฝ์˜ํ•™ ๊ต์ˆ˜
03:57
the business school professor at the University of Toronto,
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Roger Martin(๋กœ์ € ๋งˆํ‹ด)์ด ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ํ†ตํ•ฉ์  ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘
04:00
calls integrative thinking.
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ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:02
And that's the ability to exploit opposing ideas
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ํ†ตํ•ฉ์  ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ž€, ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์†”๋ฃจ์…˜(ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…)์„ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
04:05
and opposing constraints
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์„œ๋กœ ์ƒ์ถฉ๋˜๋Š” ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์™€
04:07
to create new solutions.
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์ƒ์ถฉ๋˜๋Š” ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:09
In the case of design, that means
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๋””์ž์ธ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š”, ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ž€
04:12
balancing desirability, what humans need,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ํ•„์š”๋ฅผ ์ถฉ์กฑ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” "ํ˜ธ๊ฐ๋„"์™€
04:16
with technical feasibility,
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ 
04:18
and economic viability.
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๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์กฐํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:21
With innovations like the Great Western,
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Great Western ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ˜์‹ ์—์„œ๋Š”
04:23
we can stretch that balance to the absolute limit.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์กฐํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ตœ๊ณ ๋กœ ์ž˜ ๋งž์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
04:27
So somehow, we went from this to this.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ... ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒํ™ฉ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:34
Systems thinkers who were reinventing the world,
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์„ธ์ƒ์˜ ์žฌ์ฐฝ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๋Š” ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๊ฐ€(system thinkers)๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
04:37
to a priesthood of folks in black turtlenecks and designer glasses
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๊ฒ€์€ ํ„ฐํ‹€๋„ฅ๊ณผ ๋””์ž์ด๋„ˆ ์•ˆ๊ฒฝ์„ ์ฐฉ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์†Œํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์— ์ง‘์ฐฉํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ œ๋“ค ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ
04:42
working on small things.
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๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ๊ฐ”๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
04:44
As our industrial society matured,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‚ฐ์—…์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
04:48
so design became a profession
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๋””์ž์ธ์€ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ง์—…์ด ๋˜๊ณ ,
04:50
and it focused on an ever smaller canvas
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์•„์ฃผ ์ž‘์€ ์บ”๋ฒ„์Šค์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•ด์„œ
04:53
until it came to stand for aesthetics,
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๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ๋ฏธํ•™์ด๋‚˜ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํŒจ์…˜์—
04:55
image and fashion.
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๊ตญํ•œ๋˜์–ด ๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ๊ฑฐ์ฃ 
04:57
Now I'm not trying to throw stones here.
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์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์—๊ฒŒ ๋Œ์„ ๋˜์ง€๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:00
I'm a fully paid-up member of that priesthood,
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์ €๋„ ๋ˆ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์ข…์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ "์‚ฌ์ œ"์ค‘์— ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”(๋””์ž์ด๋„ˆ)
05:02
and somewhere in here I have my designer glasses.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์–ด๋”˜๊ฐ€์— ์ œ "๋””์ž์ด๋„ˆ์šฉ ์•ˆ๊ฒฝ"๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ ์š”.
05:04
There we go.
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์—ฌ๊น„๋„ค์š”.
05:07
But I do think that perhaps design
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ €๋Š” ๋””์ž์ธ์ด ์ด์ œ ๋‹ค์‹œ
05:09
is getting big again.
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์„œ์„œํžˆ ์ปค์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:11
And that's happening through
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜
05:14
the application of design thinking
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๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค, ์ฆ‰ ์ง€๊ตฌ ์˜จ๋‚œํ™”, ๊ต์œก, ์˜๋ฃŒ๋ณดํ—˜,
05:16
to new kinds of problems --
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์•ˆ๋ณด, ์Œ์šฉ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์‹์ˆ˜, ๋“ฑ๋“ฑ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด
05:18
to global warming, to education,
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๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋””์ž์ธ์  ์‚ฌ๊ณ ์˜
05:20
healthcare, security, clean water, whatever.
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ํ•ด๊ฒฐ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:24
And as we see this reemergence of design thinking
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋””์ž์ธ์  ์‚ฌ๊ณ ์˜ ์žฌ์กฐ๋ช…์„ ๋ชฉ๋„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ ,
05:27
and we see it beginning to tackle new kinds of problems,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋””์ž์ธ์  ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:30
there are some basic ideas that I think we can observe that are useful.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋“ค์ด ๋งŽ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:33
And I'd like to talk about some of those
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์ด์ œ ์ด ๋ฐœํ‘œ์˜ ๋‚จ์€ ๋ช‡ ๋ถ„๊ฐ„ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋“ค์—
05:35
just for the next few minutes.
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๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๋งํ•ด๋ณด๋„๋ก ํ•˜์ฃ .
05:37
The first of those is that design is
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์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด, ๋””์ž์ธ์€
05:39
human-centered.
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์ธ๊ฐ„์ค‘์‹ฌ์ด๋ž€ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:42
It may integrate technology and economics,
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๋””์ž์ธ์€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
05:44
but it starts with what humans need, or might need.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋˜๋Š” ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:48
What makes life easier, more enjoyable?
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์–ด๋–ค๊ฒƒ์ด ์‚ถ์„ ์‰ฝ๊ณ , ๋” ์ฆ๊ฒ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ค„๊นŒ?
05:50
What makes technology useful and usable?
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ฃผ์–ด์ง„ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์œ ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ํ• ๊นŒ
05:54
But that is more than simply good ergonomics,
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์ด๊ฑด ๋ฒ„ํŠผ๋“ค์„ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์œ„์น˜์— ๋ฐฐ์น˜ํ•˜๋Š”, ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ์ธ๊ฐ„๊ณตํ•™์„
05:57
putting the buttons in the right place.
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๋„˜์–ด์„œ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:00
It's often about understanding culture and context
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์–ด๋””์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ์ง€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๋ฌธํ™”์™€ ๋ฌธ๋งฅ์„
06:03
before we even know where to start to have ideas.
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์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ 
06:06
So when a team was working on a new vision screening program in India,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋„์šฐ๋ฏธ ํŒ€ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ์ธ๋„์— ์‹œ๋ ฅ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž‘์—…์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ๋•Œ,
06:10
they wanted to understand what the aspirations
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํ•™๊ต์— ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋Š” ์–ด๋ฆฐ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด
06:12
and motivations were of these school children
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์ž๊ธฐ ์—„๋งˆ ์•„๋น ์˜ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•  ๋•Œ
06:15
to understand how they might play a role
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์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•ด๋‚ด๋Š” ์ง€
06:17
in screening their parents.
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์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:22
Conversion Sound has developed a high quality,
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Conversion Sound ๋Š” ๊ณ ํ’ˆ์งˆ์ด๋ฉด์„œ ์ดˆ์ €๊ฐ€์˜
06:24
ultra-low-cost digital hearing aid
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๋ณด์ฒญ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ์—
06:27
for the developing world.
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๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:29
Now, in the West we rely on highly trained technicians
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์„œ๊ตฌ์˜ ์„ ์ง„๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ณด์ฒญ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋งž์ถ”๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š”
06:33
to fit these hearing aids.
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์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ์ˆ™๋ จ๋œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ž๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:35
In places like India, those technicians simply don't exist.
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์ธ๋„์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ์—๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ „๋ฌดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:39
So it took a team working in India
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํ•œ ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ์˜ ํŒ€์ด ์ธ๋„์— ๊ฐ€์„œ
06:41
with patients and community health workers
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ํ™˜์ž์™€ ํ•ด๋‹น์ง€์—ญ ์˜๋ฃŒ ์ข…์‚ฌ์ž๋“ค๊ณผ ํ˜‘์—…ํ•˜์—ฌ
06:43
to understand how a PDA
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ PDA ์™€, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  PDA์˜
06:45
and an application on a PDA
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์‘์šฉํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
06:47
might replace those technicians
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ˆ™๋ จ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ž๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•˜๊ณ 
06:49
in a fitting and diagnostic service.
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์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์ง„๋‹จ์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์‹œ๋„ ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:52
Instead of starting with technology,
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ,
06:54
the team started with people and culture.
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๊ทธ ํŒ€์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ๋ฌธํ™”๋ฅผ ๋จผ์ € ํŒŒ์•…ํ•œ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
06:57
So if human need is the place to start,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์—ฌ,
07:00
then design thinking rapidly moves on to
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๋””์ž์ธ์  ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋ณด๋ฉด์„œ
07:02
learning by making.
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๋™์ž‘์„ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:04
Instead of thinking about what to build,
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๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊นŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
07:07
building in order to think.
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๋งŒ๋“ฆ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
07:10
Now, prototypes speed up the process of innovation,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ํ”„๋กœํ† ํƒ€์ž…์ด ํ˜์‹ ์˜ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๊ฐ€์†ํ™” ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:13
because it is only when we put our ideas out into the world
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋Š” ๊ตฌ์ฒดํ™”๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ผœ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋ณด์•„์•ผ๋งŒ,
07:16
that we really start to understand their strengths and weaknesses.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์˜ ๊ฐ•์ ๊ณผ ์•ฝ์ ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:19
And the faster we do that,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ž‘์—…์„ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋ก
07:21
the faster our ideas evolve.
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์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋Š” ๋” ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์ง„ํ™”ํ•˜์ฃ 
07:24
Now, much has been said and written about
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์ธ๋„์˜ Aravind Even ๊ธฐ๊ด€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์„ธ์ƒ์—
07:26
the Aravind Eye Institute in Madurai, India.
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๋งŽ์ด ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ๋ฐ”๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:29
They do an incredible job of serving very poor patients
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๊ทธ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์€ ์žฌ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌ์œ ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ˆ˜์ต์„
07:33
by taking the revenues from those who can afford to pay
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์–ป๊ณ , ๊ทธ ์ˆ˜์ต์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๊ทน๋นˆ์ธต ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์กฐํ•ด ์ฃผ๋Š”
07:35
to cross-subsidize those who cannot.
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ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ์ผ์„ ํ•ด์™”์ฃ .
07:39
Now, they are very efficient,
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๋งค์šฐ ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ผํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
07:42
but they are also very innovative.
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๋งค์šฐ ํ˜์‹ ์ ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•œ ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด์ฃ .
07:45
When I visited them a few years ago,
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๋ช‡ ๋…„์ „์— ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์ •๋ง ์ €๋ฅผ
07:48
what really impressed me was their willingness
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๊นœ์ง ๋†€๋ผ๊ฒŒ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์˜ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ๋งค์šฐ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ
07:50
to prototype their ideas very early.
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ํ”„๋กœํ† ํƒ€์ž… ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:52
This is the manufacturing facility
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ๋น„์šฉ์ ˆ๊ฐ์ค‘์—
07:54
for one of their biggest cost breakthroughs.
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ํ•˜๋‚˜์ธ ์ƒ์‚ฐ ์‹œ์„ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:56
They make their own intraocular lenses.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ง์ ‘ ์•ˆ๊ตฌ๋‚ด ๋ Œ์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:59
These are the lenses that replace those
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋ฐฑ๋‚ด์žฅ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์†์ƒ๋œ
08:01
that are damaged by cataracts.
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์ˆ˜์ •์ฒด๋ฅผ ๊ต์ฒดํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š” ์ธ๊ณต ์ˆ˜์ •์ฒด์ฃ .
08:03
And I think it's partly their prototyping mentality
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ํ”„๋กœํ† ํƒ€์ž…์„ ํ•ด๋ณด๋Š” ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๊ฐ€
08:07
that really allowed them to achieve the breakthrough.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํฐ ํ˜์‹ ์„ ์ด๋ฃจ๋Š”๋ฐ์— ์ผ์ • ์ •๋„ ๋„์›€์ด
08:09
Because they brought the cost down
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๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ด ๋ถ„๋“ค์€ ํ•œ์Œ์— 200๋ถˆ (20๋งŒ์›์ •๋„)
08:11
from $200 a pair,
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ํ•˜๋˜ ์ธ๊ณต์ˆ˜์ •์ฒด๋ฅผ ํ•œ์Œ์— 4๋ถˆ(5์ฒœ์›๊ฐ€๋Ÿ‰)๋กœ
08:12
down to just $4 a pair.
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๋–จ์–ด๋œจ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
08:17
Partly they did this by instead of building
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋˜ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ž‘์—…์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ณต์žฅ์„
08:19
a fancy new factory,
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์‹ ์ถ•ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
08:21
they used the basement of one of their hospitals.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋ณ‘์› ์ง€ํ•˜์‹ค์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:25
And instead of installing the large-scale machines
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์„œ๊ตฌ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹์œผ๋กœ ํฐ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜๋Š”
08:28
used by western producers,
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๋Œ€์‹ ์—, ๊ทธ๋“ค์€
08:30
they used low-cost CAD/CAM prototyping technology.
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์ €๊ฐ€์˜ CAD/CAM ํ”„๋กœํ† ํƒ€์ž… ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์ด์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:34
They are now the biggest manufacturer of these lenses in the developing world
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ด์ œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์ˆ˜์ •์ฒด ์ œ์กฐ์—…์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ ,
08:38
and have recently moved into a custom factory.
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์ตœ๊ทผ์—๋Š” ์ž์ฒด ์ œ์ž‘ ๊ณต์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ๊ฐ”์ฃ 
08:42
So if human need is the place to start,
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์ž ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์ถœ๋ฐœ์ ์ด๊ณ ,
08:44
and prototyping, a vehicle for progress,
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ํ”„๋กœํ† ํƒ€์ดํ•‘์ด, ๋ฐœ์ „์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋งค๊ฐœ์ฒด๋ผ๋ฉด
08:46
then there are also some questions to ask about the destination.
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์ข…์ฐฉ์ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜๋ฌธ์ด ์ƒ๊ธฐ๊ฒŒ ๋งˆ๋ จ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:50
Instead of seeing its primary objective as consumption,
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๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฌผ์˜ ์ƒ์—…์  ์ด์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฃผ ๊ด€์  ๋Œ€์‹ ์—,
08:55
design thinking is beginning to explore the potential of participation --
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๋””์ž์ธ์  ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋Š” ์ฐธ์—ฌ์˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์—ด์–ด๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:58
the shift from a passive relationship
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์ˆ˜๋™์ ์ธ ์†Œ๋น„์ž์™€ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ž์˜ ์ž…์žฅ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
09:01
between consumer and producer
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์˜๋ฏธ์žˆ๊ณ , ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ ์ด๊ณ ,
09:03
to the active engagement of everyone
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์ด๋“์„ ๋ชจ๋‘์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๋‹ค์ฃผ๋Š”
09:05
in experiences that are meaningful,
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์ฐธ์—ฌ์ ์ธ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋กœ
09:07
productive and profitable.
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๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:11
So I'd like to take the idea that Rory Sutherland talked about,
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Rory Sutherland ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•œ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ๋นŒ์ž๋ฉด ๋งŒ์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด
09:14
this notion that intangible things are worth perhaps more than physical things,
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์‹ค์ œ ์„ธ์ƒ์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๊ฐ’์–ด์น˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
09:17
and take that a little bit further and say that
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ข€ ๋” ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€์„œ ๋งํ•˜์ž๋ฉด,
09:19
I think the design of participatory systems,
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์ €๋Š”, ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๋ˆ์„ ๋ฒŒ์–ด๋“ค์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ,
09:22
in which many more forms of value
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ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ์ฐฝ์กฐํ•ด ๋‚ด๊ณ 
09:25
beyond simply cash
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๊ทธ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ํ™•์—ฐํžˆ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜๋Š”
09:27
are both created and measured,
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์ฐธ์—ฌํ˜• ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๋””์ž์ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
09:30
is going to be the major theme, not only for design,
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๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๋””์ž์ธ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ๋งŒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ์— ์žˆ์–ด
09:33
but also for our economy as we go forward.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ํ…Œ๋งˆ๊ฐ€ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:37
So William Beveridge, when he wrote the first of his famous reports in 1942,
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William Beveridge๋Š” 1942๋…„ ๊ทธ์˜ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ ๋ฆฌํฌํŠธ๋ฅผ ์“ธ ๋‹น์‹œ, ์˜๊ตญ์˜
09:41
created what became Britain's welfare state
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์˜๊ตญ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‹œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์ด ์Šค์Šค๋กœ์˜ ์•ˆ๋…•์„ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ
09:45
in which he hoped that every citizen
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์ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ฉฐ,
09:48
would be an active participant
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์ถ”ํ›„ ์˜๊ตญ์˜ ๋ณต์ง€์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ๋  ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„
09:50
in their own social well-being.
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๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:52
By the time he wrote his third report,
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ 3๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ ˆํฌํŠธ๋ฅผ ์“ธ ๋ฌด๋ ต์—์„œ๋Š”
09:55
he confessed that he had failed
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์ž์‹ ์ด ์‹คํŒจํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ธ์ •์„ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ,
09:57
and instead had created a society of welfare consumers.
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๊ทธ ๋Œ€์‹ ์— ์†Œ๋น„์ž ๋ณต์ง€์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋ฒ„๋ ธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
10:03
Hilary Cottam, Charlie Leadbeater,
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ํž๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ ์ฝ”ํƒฌ(Hillary Cottam), ์ฐฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ ˆ๋“œ๋ฒ ํ„ฐ(Charlie Ledbetter), ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
10:05
and Hugo Manassei of Participle
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Participle ์˜ ํœด๊ณ  ๋งˆ๋‚˜์„ธ์ด (Hugo Manassei) ๋Š”
10:07
have taken this idea of participation,
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์ด ์ฐธ์—ฌ๋ผ๋Š” ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์™€์„œ,
10:10
and in their manifesto entitled Beveridge 4.0,
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๋ฒ ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ์ง€(Beveridge) 4.0 ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์„ ์–ธ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:13
they are suggesting a framework
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ณต์ง€ ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ „๋ฐ˜์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๋Š”
10:15
for reinventing the welfare state.
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ํ”„๋ ˆ์ž„์›Œํฌ๋ฅผ ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:18
So in one of their projects called Southwark Circle,
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๊ทธ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ ์ค‘์— ํ•˜๋‚˜์ธ Soutrhwark Circle๋Š”
10:20
they worked with residents in Southwark, South London
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๋‚จ๋ถ€ ๋Ÿฐ๋˜์˜ Southwark ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ์ž๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜
10:23
and a small team of designers
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์†Œ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ๋””์ž์ด๋„ˆ๋“ค์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์—ฌ
10:25
to develop a new membership organization
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ํšŒ์›์กฐ์ง์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์„œ ๋…ธ์ธ๋“ค์˜ ์ง‘์•ˆ์ผ์„
10:29
to help the elderly with household tasks.
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๋„์™€์ฃผ๋„๋ก ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:32
Designs were refined and developed
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์˜ฌํ•ด ์ •์‹ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์—
10:34
with 150 older people and their families
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150๋ช…์˜ ๋…ธ์ธ๊ณผ ๊ทธ ๊ฐ€์กฑ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜
10:37
before the service was launched earlier this year.
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๋””์ž์ธ์„ ๊ฐ€๋‹ค๋“ฌ๊ณ  ๋ฐœ์ „ ์‹œ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:42
We can take this idea of participation
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ฐธ์—ฌ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ
10:46
perhaps to its logical conclusion
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๋””์ž์ธ์€ ๋””์ž์ด๋„ˆ์˜ ์†์„ ๋– ๋‚˜์„œ,
10:48
and say that design may have its greatest impact
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๋ชจ๋‘์˜ ์†์— ์ฃผ์–ด์กŒ์„ ๋•Œ, ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์ด
10:50
when it's taken out of the hands of designers
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์ƒ๊ธธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ์  ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์—
10:53
and put into the hands of everyone.
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์ด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:56
Nurses and practitioners at U.S. healthcare system
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์˜๋ฃŒ์ œ๋„์˜ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ ๋ฐ ์˜๋ฃŒ ์ข…์‚ฌ์ž๋“ค๊ณผ
10:59
Kaiser Permanente
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Kaiser Permanente ๋Š”
11:01
study the topic of improving the patient experience,
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ํ™˜์ž์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:06
and particularly focused on the way that they exchange knowledge
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ํŠนํžˆ ์˜๋ฃŒ ์ข…์‚ฌ์ž๊ฐ„์— ์„œ๋กœ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๊ณ  ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ๊ต๋Œ€ ๊ทผ๋ฌด๋ฅผ
11:11
and change shift.
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๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š” ์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ 
11:14
Through a program of observational research,
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๊ด€์ฐฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ, ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ… ๋ธŒ๋ ˆ์ธ ์Šคํ† ๋ฐ ๊ณผ ๋น ๋ฅธ ํ”„๋กœํ† ํƒ€์ž…
11:16
brainstorming new solutions and rapid prototyping,
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์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•จ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ, ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ต๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š” ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด
11:19
they've developed a completely new way to change shift.
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๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:22
They went from retreating to the nurse's station
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์ƒํƒœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๋…ผ์˜ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ
11:26
to discuss the various states and needs of patients,
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๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ๋ณ‘๋™์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์˜ ๊ธฐ์กด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—์„œ
11:28
to developing a system that happened on the ward
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ํ™˜์ž ์•ž์—์„œ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”
11:31
in front of patients, using a simple software tool.
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๋„์ž…ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:34
By doing this they brought the time that they were away from patients
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ, ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํ™˜์ž๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋–จ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„
11:36
down from 40 minutes to 12 minutes, on average.
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ํ‰๊ท  40๋ถ„ ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 12๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ ์ค„์—ฌ๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:40
They increased patient confidence and nurse happiness.
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ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์•ˆ์ •๊ฐ์„ ๋†’์ด๊ณ  ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์˜ ํ–‰๋ณต๋„๋ฅผ ๋†’์ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
11:44
When you multiply that by all the nurses
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์ด ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ํ–‰๋ณต์„ ๊ทธ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”
11:46
in all the wards in 40 hospitals in the system,
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40๊ฐœ ๋ณ‘์›์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ณ‘๋™์— ๊ทผ๋ฌดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์˜ ์ˆซ์ž๋กœ ๊ณฑํ•˜๋ฉด,
11:49
it resulted, actually, in a pretty big impact.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ํฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์ผ์ด์ฃ .
11:51
And this is just one of thousands
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์˜๋ฃŒ์ œ๋„ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š”
11:53
of opportunities in healthcare alone.
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์ˆ˜ ์ฒœ๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ธฐํšŒ ์ค‘์— ํ•˜๋‚˜์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
11:59
So these are just some of the kind of basic ideas
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์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ง์”€ ๋“œ๋ฆฐ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋””์ž์ธ์  ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃจ๋Š”
12:02
around design thinking
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๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋“ค์ด์ž,
12:04
and some of the new kinds of projects
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๊ทธ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ
12:06
that they're being applied to.
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์‹ค์ œ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋“ค์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:09
But I'd like to go back to Brunel here,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ธŒ๋ฃจ๋„ฌ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€์„œ,
12:11
and suggest a connection that might explain why this is happening now,
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ผ๋“ค์ด ์™œ ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ , ์–ด์งธ์„œ ๋””์ž์ธ์  ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๊ฐ€
12:15
and maybe why design thinking is a useful tool.
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์ข‹์€ ๋„๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š”์ง€ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•ด๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
12:20
And that connection is change.
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๊ทธ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ๋Š” "๋ณ€ํ™”"์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:23
In times of change we need
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๋ณ€ํ™”์˜ ์‹œ๋Œ€์—์„œ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
12:25
new alternatives, new ideas.
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋Œ€์•ˆ๊ณผ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:29
Now, Brunel worked at the height of the Industrial Revolution,
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๋ธŒ๋ฃจ๋„ฌ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‚ถ๊ณผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์†ก๋‘๋ฆฌ์งธ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ๋Š”
12:31
when all of life and our economy
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์‚ฐ์—…ํ˜๋ช…์˜ ์ •์ ์—์„œ
12:33
was being reinvented.
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์ผํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:35
Now the industrial systems of Brunel's time have run their course,
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์ด์ œ ๋ธŒ๋ฃจ๋„ฌ์˜ ์‹œ๋Œ€์ธ ์‚ฐ์—…ํ™” ์‹œ๋Œ€์˜ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ๊ทธ ์ˆ˜๋ช…์„ ๋‹คํ–ˆ๊ณ ,
12:39
and indeed they are part of the problem today.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ๊ทธ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๋“ค์ด ํ˜„์žฌ ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:41
But, again, we are in the midst of massive change.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋งŒ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•„๋ฌด ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๋ณ€ํ™”์˜ ํ•œ๋ณตํŒ์— ์„œ ์žˆ์ฃ 
12:45
And that change is forcing us to question
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ๊ธˆ
12:48
quite fundamental aspects of our society --
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ์•„์ฃผ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋˜๋Œ์•„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:50
how we keep ourselves healthy, how we govern ourselves,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•  ์ง€, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ์–ด๋–ค ์ง€๋ฐฐ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ• ์ง€
12:53
how we educate ourselves, how we keep ourselves secure.
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ต์œก์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ์ง€, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์•ˆ๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ง€ํ‚ฌ์ง€ ๋ง์ด์ฃ 
12:57
And in these times of change, we need these new choices
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”์˜ ์‹œ๋Œ€์—์„œ๋Š”, ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋‘
13:00
because our existing solutions are simply becoming obsolete.
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๊ตฌ์‹์ด ๋˜์–ด ๋ฒ„๋ ธ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—, ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์„ ํƒ๋“ค์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:05
So why design thinking?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์™œ ๋””์ž์ธ์  ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ƒ๊ณ ์š”?
13:07
Because it gives us a new way of tackling problems.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ‘ธ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:10
Instead of defaulting to our normal convergent approach
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๊ทธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์€, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ์–ด์ง„ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์ค‘์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‚˜์€ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์„ ์„ ํƒํ•˜๋Š”
13:15
where we make the best choice out of available alternatives,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ ด์‹ ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฒ•์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ,
13:19
it encourages us to take a divergent approach,
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๋ฐœ์‚ฐ์  ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์—ฌ, ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋Œ€์•ˆ, ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…
13:22
to explore new alternatives, new solutions,
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๊ธฐ์กด์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ
13:24
new ideas that have not existed before.
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์ฐพ์•„๋ณด๋„๋ก ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”
13:28
But before we go through that process of divergence,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฐœ์‚ฐ์  ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ์•ž์„œ์„œ
13:30
there is actually quite an important first step.
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์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ฒซ๊ฑธ์Œ์ด ์กด์žฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:33
And that is, what is the question that we're trying to answer?
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€. "์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ตํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€?"
13:36
What's the design brief?
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"๋””์ž์ธ ์‹ ๋…์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€?"
13:38
Now Brunel may have asked a question like this,
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๋ธŒ๋ฃจ๋„ฌ์€ ์•„๋งˆ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
13:40
"How do I take a train from London to New York?"
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"๋Ÿฐ๋˜์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋‰ด์š•๊นŒ์ง€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ธฐ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ํƒ€๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ง€?"
13:44
But what are the kinds of questions that we might ask today?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ๋˜์ ธ์•ผ ํ•  ์งˆ๋ฌธ๋“ค์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
13:48
So these are some that we've been asked to think about recently.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด๋„๋ก ๋งก๊ฒจ์ง„ ์ผ๋“ค ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:54
And one in particular, is one that we're working on with the Acumen Fund,
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๊ทธ ์ค‘์— ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ผ๋ฉด, ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ Bill and Melinda Gates (๋นŒ๊ฒŒ์ด์ธ  ๋ถ€๋ถ€) ์žฌ๋‹จ
13:57
in a project that's been funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.
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์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํŽ€๋“œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•„์„œ Acument ํŽ€๋“œ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:01
How might we improve access to safe drinking water
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋จน๊ธฐ์— ์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ
14:04
for the world's poorest people,
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๋ฌผ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
14:06
and at the same time stimulate innovation
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๊ทธ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ๋ฌผ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์ž๋“ค์˜ ํ˜์‹ ์„
14:08
amongst local water providers?
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๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ?
14:12
So instead of having a bunch of American designers
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๋””์ž์ด๋„ˆ๋ฅผ ์ž”๋œฉ ๊ณ ์šฉํ•ด์„œ
14:14
come up with new ideas that may or may not have been appropriate,
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ํ•ด๋‹น ์ง€์—ญ์— ์ ์ ˆํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹ ์—
14:17
we took a sort of more open, collaborative and participative approach.
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๋ณด๋‹ค ์—ด๋ ค์žˆ๊ณ , ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ ์ธ ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ํƒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:21
We teamed designers and investment experts up with
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋””์ž์ด๋„ˆ, ํˆฌ์ž ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€์™€ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด 11๊ฐœ์˜ ์ธ๋„๋‚ด
14:24
11 water organizations across India.
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๋ฌผ ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํŒ€์„ ์ด๋ฃจ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
14:27
And through workshops they developed
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์›Œํฌ์ƒต์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ
14:29
innovative new products, services, and business models.
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ํ˜์‹ ์ ์ธ ์‹ ์ œํ’ˆ๊ณผ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋น„์ง€๋‹ˆ์Šค ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
14:32
We hosted a competition
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์„ ์—ด์—ˆ๊ณ ,
14:34
and then funded five of those organizations
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๊ทธ ๋ฌผ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ์ค‘์— 5๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ˜‘์ฐฌํ•˜์—ฌ
14:36
to develop their ideas.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
14:38
So they developed and iterated these ideas.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ตดํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹œํ—˜ํ•ด๋ณด์•˜์ฃ .
14:40
And then IDEO and Acumen spent several weeks working with them
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  IDEO (ํ™”์ž์˜ ํšŒ์‚ฌ) ์™€ Acumen์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ,
14:43
to help design new social marketing campaigns,
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์†Œ์…œ ๋งˆ์ผ€ํŒ… ์บ ํŒจ์ธ์„ ๊ธฐํšํ•˜๊ณ ,
14:48
community outreach strategies, business models,
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์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ์— ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ•  ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜๊ณ , ๋น„์ง€๋‹ˆ์Šค ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜๊ณ 
14:51
new water vessels for storing water
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๋ฌผ์„ ๋ณด๊ด€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌผ ๋ณด๊ด€์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ ,
14:53
and carts for delivering water.
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๋ฌผ์„ ์šด๋ฐ˜ํ•œ ์นดํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:56
Some of those ideas are just getting launched into the market.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ์•„์ด๋””์–ด ์ค‘์— ์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” ์‹œ์žฅ์— ์ถœ์‹œ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:58
And the same process is just getting underway
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋™์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์˜ NGO ๋‹จ์ฒด๋“ค๊ณผ๋„
15:00
with NGOs in East Africa.
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์ง„ํ–‰์ค‘์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
15:03
So for me, this project shows
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์ €์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์ด ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋””์ž์ด๋„ˆ๊ฐ€
15:06
kind of how far we can go from
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ œ ๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ์˜ ์ดˆ์ฐฝ๊ธฐ์— ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋˜
15:08
some of those sort of small things
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ž‘์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์— ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜์„œ, ๋””์ž์ธ์ด๋ž€ ๊ฒƒ์ด
15:10
that I was working on
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์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง€
15:12
at the beginning of my career.
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๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐํšŒ์—ฟ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:14
That by focusing on the needs of humans
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ํ•„์š”์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜๊ณ , ํ”„๋กœํ† ํƒ€์ž…์„ ํ†ตํ•ด
15:18
and by using prototypes
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์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ์ „์‹œ์ผœ
15:20
to move ideas along quickly,
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๋‚˜๊ฐ€๊ณ , ๋””์ž์ด๋„ˆ๋งŒ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›๋“ค์˜
15:22
by getting the process out of the hands of designers,
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์ ๊ทน์ ์ธ ์ฐธ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์ฃผ์–ด์ง„
15:25
and by getting the active participation of the community,
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๋ณด๋‹ค ํฌ๊ณ  ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์„
15:28
we can tackle bigger and more interesting questions.
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ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:31
And just like Brunel, by focusing on systems,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ธŒ๋ฃจ๋„ฌ ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ, ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ,
15:34
we can have a bigger impact.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋„ ํฐ ํŒŒ๊ธ‰๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ–์ถœ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
15:37
So that's one thing that we've been working on.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ์ผํ•ด์˜จ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค ์ค‘์— ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:40
I'm actually really quite interested, and perhaps more interested
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ง ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›๋“ค์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ๊ฐ€
15:43
to know what this community thinks we could work on.
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š”์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:47
What kinds of questions do we think
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๋””์ž์ธ์  ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์—๋Š”
15:50
design thinking could be used to tackle?
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์–ด๋– ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
15:53
And if you've got any ideas
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์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ผ๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
15:55
then feel free, you can post them to Twitter.
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๋ถ€๋‹ด์—†์ด ํŠธ์œ„ํ„ฐ์— ์˜ฌ๋ ค์ฃผ์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:57
There is a hash tag there that you can use, #CBDQ.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ•ด์‰ฌ ํƒœ๊ทธ๋Š” #CBDQ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:00
And the list looked something like this a little while ago.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋Š” ์ตœ๊ทผ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ •๋„ ์˜€์ฃ .
16:03
And of course you can search to find the questions that you're interested in
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ๊ทธ ํ•ด์‰ฌ์ฝ”๋“œ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ์ƒ๊ธฐ์‹ค๋งŒํ•œ ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ
16:07
by using the same hash code.
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์ฐพ์•„๋ณด์‹ค ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
16:09
So I'd like to believe that design thinking
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์ €๋Š” ๋””์ž์ธ์  ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
16:13
actually can make a difference,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ ,
16:15
that it can help create new ideas
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์ž์นญ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์ฒด๋ณด๋‹ค
16:17
and new innovations,
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๋” ํ˜์‹ ์ ์ธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ
16:19
beyond the latest High Street products.
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๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ผ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:21
To do that I think we have to take a more expansive view of design,
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”, ๋ธŒ๋ฃจ๋„ฌ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋””์ž์ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋„“์€ ๊ด€์ ์„
16:25
more like Brunel, less a domain of a professional priesthood.
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๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๋งˆ์น˜ ์‚ฌ์ œ์ง‘๋‹จ ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ข์€ ๋„๋ฉ”์ธ์„ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:31
And the first step is to start asking the right questions.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์‹œ์ž‘์€ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ๋“ค์„ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:34
Thank you very much.
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๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:36
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7