Lawrence Lessig: Re-examining the remix

29,428 views ・ 2010-06-01

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翻译人员: xiang fei 校对人员: Tony Yet
00:16
I want to talk about
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我想告诉大家
00:18
what we learn from conservatives.
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我们可以从保守的角度学到什么。
00:21
And I'm at a stage in life where I'm yearning for my old days,
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我站在我渴望已久的人生舞台上
00:24
so I want to confess to you
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坦白的告诉各位
00:26
that when I was a kid,
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当我还是一个小孩时
00:30
indeed, I was a conservative.
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我已经是保守派了
00:33
I was a Young Republican, a Teenage Republican,
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我曾经是少年共和党员,
00:35
a leader in the Teenage Republicans.
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担任过青少年共和党的领袖
00:37
Indeed, I was the youngest member
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实际上,我曾是最年轻的成员
00:39
of any delegation
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在所有代表团中都是
00:41
in the 1980 convention that elected Ronald Reagan
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1980年共和党大会上,罗纳德里根被选中
00:43
to be the Republican nominee for president.
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他被提名为共和党的总统候选人
00:47
Now, I know what you're thinking.
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现在我知道你们在想什么。
00:49
(Laughter)
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(笑声)
00:51
You're thinking, "That's not what the Internets say."
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你们在想:“网上可没这么说。”
00:55
You're thinking, "Wikipedia doesn't say this fact."
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你们会想:“维基百科上没有提到呀。”
00:58
And indeed, this is just one of the examples
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实际上,这就是一个例子
01:01
of the junk that flows across the tubes
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一个网上垃圾信息泛滥的例子
01:03
in these Internets here.
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在互联网上
01:06
Wikipedia reports that this guy,
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维基百科记载了这个家伙,
01:08
this former congressman from Erie, Pennsylvania
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这位来自伊利市的前宾夕法尼亚众议院国会议员
01:11
was, at the age of 20, one of the youngest people
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曾在20岁时作为最年轻的参会者之一
01:13
at the Republican National Convention,
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参加了共和党全国大会
01:15
but it's just not true.
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但这不对。
01:18
(Laughter)
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(笑声)
01:20
Indeed, it drives me so nuts, let me just change this little fact here.
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事实上,这条很让我难受,让我现在就把它纠正过来。
01:23
(Laughter)
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(笑声)
01:26
(Applause)
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(掌声)
01:30
All right. Okay, so ... perfect.
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好了,这样才完美。
01:33
Perfect.
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非常好。
01:35
(Laughter)
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(笑声)
01:39
Okay, speaker Lawrence Lessig, right.
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好的,演讲者劳伦斯莱斯格,对了。
01:42
Okay.
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好。
01:44
Finally, truth will be brought here.
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最后,真相将被写到这里。
01:46
Okay, see? It's done. It's almost done. Here we go.
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看到没?完成了,差不多了,我们继续。
01:49
"... Youngest Republican," okay, we're finished.
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“最年轻的共和党员” 很好,我们搞订了。
01:53
That's it. Please save this.
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请保存。
01:56
Great, here we go.
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这样就可以了。
01:59
And ... Wikipedia is fixed, finally.
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维基百科最终还是被修正了
02:02
Okay, but no, this is really besides the point.
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好吧,这已超出我们的话题了。
02:05
(Applause)
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(鼓掌)
02:09
But the thing I want you to think about when we think about conservatives --
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但我希望大家想一想当我们想到保守-
02:12
not so much this issue of the 1980 convention --
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不过多涉及到这个1980年大会上的问题-
02:14
the thing to think about is this:
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我们考虑以下这个问题:
02:16
They go to church.
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他们去教堂。
02:18
Now, you know, I mean, a lot of people go to church.
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你知道有很多人去教堂。
02:20
I'm not talking about that only conservatives go to church.
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我不是说只有保守派才去教堂。
02:23
And I'm not talking about the God thing.
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我也不是在谈神和信仰。
02:25
I don't want to get into that, you know; that's not my point.
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我不想讨论那些,你们知道那不是我今天的重点。
02:27
They go to church, by which I mean,
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他们去教堂,我指的是,
02:29
they do lots of things for free for each other.
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他们为其他人做了很多事,并且是免费的。
02:33
They hold potluck dinners.
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他们准备免费晚餐
02:35
Indeed, they sell books about potluck dinners.
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当然,他们会出售关于免费信徒晚餐的书籍
02:38
They serve food to poor people.
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他们为穷人提供食物。
02:41
They share, they give,
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他们分享。他们奉献,
02:43
they give away for free.
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他们无私奉献。
02:45
And it's the very same people
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而且同样是这些人
02:49
leading Wall Street firms
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领导着华尔街上的公司
02:52
who, on Sundays, show up
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到了礼拜天,去教会
02:55
and share.
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去分享。
02:57
And not only food, right.
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而且不仅是食物。
02:59
These very same people
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这些非常类似的人
03:01
are strong believers, in lots of contexts,
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有强烈的信仰,在许多的情境中,
03:04
in the limits on the markets.
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在有限的市场下。
03:07
They are in many important places
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他们无处不在
03:10
against markets.
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与市场背道而驰
03:12
Indeed, they, like all of us, celebrate this kind of relationship.
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实际上他们和我们一样庆祝这种关系。
03:15
But they're very keen that we don't
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但是他们非常敏锐的杜绝我们
03:17
let money drop into that relationship,
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让金钱介入这种关系,
03:19
else it turns into something like this.
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否则那将变成这样的东西。
03:22
They want to regulate us, those conservatives,
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他们想规范我们,那些保守派,
03:25
to stop us from allowing the market to spread in those places.
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组织我们将市场化的东西扩展到那些地方。
03:28
Because they understand:
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因为他们深知,
03:31
There are places for the market
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有哪里可以有市场
03:33
and places where the market should not exist,
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而另外一些地方不应该存在市场,
03:36
where we should be free
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那儿我们应该保持免费
03:39
to enjoy the fellowship of others.
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从而享受彼此间的和谐关系。
03:42
They recognize: Both of these things have to live together.
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他们认识到,市场和非市场必需共存。
03:46
And the second great thing about conservatives:
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而关于保守的第二伟大的事
03:49
they get ecology.
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他们关注生态
03:51
Right, it was the first great Republican president of the 20th century
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是的,那是20世纪第一位伟大的共和党总统
03:54
who taught us about
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他教会我们
03:56
environmental thinking -- Teddy Roosevelt.
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用环境思维思考,他就是泰迪罗斯福。
03:58
They first taught us about ecology
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他们是第一个让我们了解生态学
04:00
in the context of natural resources.
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在自然资源中的地位。
04:03
And then they began to teach us in the context of
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然后他们开始教我们在大背景中思考
04:05
innovation, economics.
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新制度,新经济
04:07
They understand, in that context,
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他们深刻理解
04:09
"free." They understand "free" is an important
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免费的重要性
04:12
essential part of the
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同时也是文化生态
04:14
cultural ecology as well.
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的重要组成
04:16
That's the thing I want you to think about them.
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那是我想让大家思考的东西
04:21
Now, I know
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现在我知道
04:23
you don't believe me, really, here.
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你们在这里,实际上不相信我。
04:28
So here's exhibit number one.
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所以这儿给大家看第一个例子。
04:30
I want to share with you my latest hero, Julian Sanchez,
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我想和你们分享我的最新英雄,朱利安桑切斯,
04:33
a libertarian who works at the, for many people,
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一个自由工作者为大家而工作,
04:36
"evil" Cato Institute.
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“邪恶的”卡托研究所
04:39
Okay, so Julian made this video.
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好,所以朱利安制作了这个短片
04:41
He's a terrible producer of videos,
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他是一个糟糕的视频制作人,
04:43
but it's great content, so I'm going to give you a little bit of it.
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但是内容很棒,所以我给大家分享一点。
04:45
So here he is beginning.
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这儿是开头。
04:47
Julian Sanchez: I'm going to make an observation about the way
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朱利安桑切斯:我将告诉大家一个发现
04:49
remix culture seems to be evolving ...
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一个关于混合文化衍化的方式。
04:51
Larry Lessig: So what he does is he begins to tell us
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拉里莱斯格:所以他在开始告诉我们
04:53
about these three videos.
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关于这三个视频。
04:56
This is this fantastic Brat Pack remix
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这是一个很棒的混音作品
04:59
set to Lisztomania.
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定为李斯特狂
05:03
Which, of course, spread virally.
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当然传播的很快
05:05
Hugely successful.
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取得巨大的成功
05:07
(Music)
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(音乐)
05:11
And then some people from Brooklyn saw it.
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然后一些来自布鲁克林的人看到了它。
05:13
They decided they wanted to do the same.
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他们决定做一个相同的作品
05:20
(Music)
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(音乐)
05:37
And then, of course, people from San Fransisco saw it.
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在然后,当然,是来自旧金山的人们看到了它。
05:39
And San Franciscans thought they had to do the same as well.
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然后旧金山人想着他们必须也做一个同样好的作品。
05:42
(Music)
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(音乐)
06:03
And so they're beautiful, but this libertarian
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他们做得相当漂亮,但是这种自由主义
06:06
has some important lessons he wants us to learn from this.
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有很多重要的教训值得我们吸取。
06:08
Here's lesson number one.
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第一条。
06:11
JS: There's obviously also something really deeply great about this.
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朱利安:显而易见这其中有着深刻而伟大的东西。
06:15
They are acting in the sense that they're
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他们即兴表演
06:18
emulating the original mashup.
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模仿原来的混音
06:20
And the guy who shot it obviously has a strong eye
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而且拍摄这作品的家伙很有眼光
06:23
and some experience with video editing.
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并有不少视频编辑的经验
06:25
But this is also basically just a group of friends
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但基本上这个作品也只是由一群好朋友
06:28
having an authentic social moment
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相互有着真实的社交活动
06:30
and screwing around together.
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并聚在一起。
06:32
It should feel familiar and kind of resonate
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这似乎听起来熟悉并且合理
06:34
for anyone who's had a sing-a-long or a dance party
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对于那些参加长时间歌唱和舞蹈派对的人们
06:36
with a group of good friends.
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有着这样一群好友
06:38
LL: Or ...
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拉里:或者
06:40
JS: So that's importantly different from the earlier videos we looked at
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朱利安:所以与我们看到的早期的视频有很大区别
06:43
because here, remix isn't just about
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因为在这里,混合的不仅仅是
06:45
an individual doing something alone in his basement;
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一个独立的基本事物;
06:48
it becomes an act of social creativity.
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它成为了一种社会创造力的体现。
06:51
And it's not just that it yields
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并且他不局限在自身
06:53
a different kind of product at the end,
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最终诞生一种新的产品,
06:56
it's that potentially it changes the way that we relate to each other.
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它具有改变我们相互依赖方式的潜力。
07:00
All of our normal social interactions
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我们所有的社会互动
07:03
become a kind of invitation
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成为了一种邀请
07:05
to this sort of collective expression.
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对于这种集体表达。
07:07
It's our real social lives themselves
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这使我们真实社会活了起来
07:09
that are transmuted into art.
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这就转变成了艺术。
07:12
LL: And so then, what this libertarian draws from these two points ...
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拉里:所以这为自由主义者提出这两点
07:15
JS: One remix is about
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朱利安:一种混搭是关于
07:17
individuals using our shared culture
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独立地使用我们共享的文化
07:19
as a kind of language to communicate something to an audience.
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好比一种与听众沟通的语言。
07:22
Stage two, social remix,
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第二阶段,社会混搭,
07:24
is really about using it to mediate
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这才是真正吧它当成一种媒介
07:26
people's relationships to each other.
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连接人与人之间的关系。
07:29
First, within each video,
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首先,在这视频中,
07:31
the Brat Pack characters are used as a kind of template
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后起之秀的角色被当作一种样本
07:34
for performing the social reality of each group.
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用来表现每个团体的社会现实
07:37
But there's also a dialogue between the videos,
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但是这些视频之间也存在对话,
07:40
where, once the basic structure is established,
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一旦基本结构建立起来后,
07:43
it becomes a kind of platform
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它就成为了一种平台
07:45
for articulating the similarities and differences
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做为表述相似与区别的平台
07:48
between the groups' social and physical worlds.
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在不同的社团和物理世界中存在。
07:51
LL: And then, here's for me,
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拉里:然后,对我而言,
07:53
the critical key to what
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这个评论的要点是
07:55
Julian has to say ...
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朱利安必须说。
07:57
JS: Copyright policy isn't just about
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朱利安:版权政策不仅仅关于
07:59
how to incentivize the production
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如何奖励作品的作者
08:01
of a certain kind of artistic commodity;
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那些特定种类的艺术家团体
08:03
it's about what level of control
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它还关系到能控制哪一层面
08:05
we're going to permit to be exercised
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我们可以允许它们被用来
08:07
over our social realities --
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控制我们的社会现实,
08:09
social realities that are now inevitably
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社会现实在现在必然地,
08:12
permeated by pop culture.
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被流行文化渗透。
08:14
I think it's important that we
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我认为这很重要
08:16
keep these two different kinds of public goods in mind.
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我们在心中保留两种不同的公共物品
08:19
If we're only focused on how to maximize
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如果我们只是将目光放在
08:22
the supply of one,
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供应如何最大化
08:24
I think we risk suppressing
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我认为我们应冒险放弃这一点
08:26
this different and richer
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区分并且丰富
08:28
and, in some ways, maybe even more important one.
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一些在其他层面看来更重要的东西。
08:31
LL: Right. Bingo. Point.
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拉里:对,正是这点。
08:34
Freedom needs this opportunity
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自由需要这个机会
08:37
to both have the commercial success
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获取商业成功
08:40
of the great commercial works
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作为商业作品
08:42
and the opportunity
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并且建立不同
08:44
to build this different kind of culture.
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种类文化的机会
08:46
And for that to happen, you need
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为了这个目标,你需要
08:48
ideas like fair use to be central and protected,
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很多点子用来保护公平使用
08:51
to enable this kind of innovation,
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使得这种启发可能
08:54
as this libertarian tells us,
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正如自由主义者告诉我们的,
08:56
between these two creative cultures,
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在这两种创造性的文化之间,
08:59
a commercial and a sharing culture.
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有着一个商业的和另一个可分享的文化
09:02
The point is they, he, here,
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重点是他们,他,这里,
09:04
gets that culture.
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获得那种文化。
09:06
Now, my concern is, we Dems,
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现在,我担心的是,我们民主党人,
09:09
too often, not so much.
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常常,不是那么多。
09:12
All right, take for example this great company.
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好,以这个大公司为例子。
09:16
In the good old days when this Republican ran that company,
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在美好的过去,共和党人曾经经营这个公司,
09:19
their greatest work was work that built on the past, right.
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他们的出色工作建立了过去的辉煌。
09:22
All of the great Disney works
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所有杰出的迪斯尼作品
09:25
were works that took works that
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都是来源于其他作品
09:27
were in the public domain and remixed them,
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那些作品属于公共领域的并且被重新解构
09:29
or waited until they entered the public domain to remix them,
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或者等到他们进入了公有领域再重构他们,
09:32
to celebrate this add-on remix creativity.
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庆祝这个附加的创意
09:35
Indeed, Mickey Mouse himself, of course,
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事实上,米老鼠自身出现在
09:38
as "Steamboat Willie,"
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“汽船威利号”的形象
09:40
is a remix of the then, very dominant,
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就是借鉴当时非常流行的
09:43
very popular "Steamboat Bill"
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“汽船比利号”
09:45
by Buster Keaton.
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由巴斯特·基顿创作
09:47
This man was a remixer extraordinaire.
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他才是一位杰出的再创作大师
09:50
He is the celebration and ideal
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他值得称颂
09:52
of exactly this kind of creativity.
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拥有这种创造力
09:55
But then the company passes
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但是公司把历史掩盖了
09:57
through this dark stage
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通过政治黑幕背后的交易
10:00
to this Democrat.
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给这位民主党人
10:02
Wildly different.
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截然不同的待遇
10:04
This is the mastermind behind
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幕后的罪魁祸首
10:06
the eventual passage of what we call
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正是臭名昭著的
10:08
the Sonny Bono Copyright Term Extension Act,
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松尼波诺著作权期延长法案
10:11
extending the term of existing copyrights
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将现有的版权年限
10:13
by 20 years,
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延长了20年
10:15
so that no one could do to Disney
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所以没有人可以对迪斯尼做
10:17
what Disney did to the Brothers Grimm.
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他们曾对格林兄弟所做的事
10:20
Now, when we tried to challenge this,
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现在当我们试图挑战这点时
10:22
going to the Supreme Court, getting the Supreme Court, the bunch of conservatives there --
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都要去最高法院接受那儿一群保守派的审判
10:25
if we could get them to wake up to this -- to strike it down,
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如果我们让他们醒悟过来看到这一点然后推翻它。
10:28
we had the assistance of Nobel Prize winners
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我们有诺贝尔得主的帮助
10:31
including this right-wing
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包括这位右翼人士
10:34
Nobel Prize winner, Milton Friedman,
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诺贝尔奖得主,米尔顿弗里德曼
10:36
who said he would join our brief
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曾说过他将加入我们部门
10:38
only if the word "no brainer"
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只要“脑残”这个词
10:40
was in the brief somewhere.
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能贴在办公室的某个地方。
10:42
(Laughter)
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(笑声)
10:44
But apparently, no brains
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但很明显,没有脑残
10:46
existed in this place
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曾经在这里存在过
10:48
when Democrats passed and signed
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当民主党通过并签署法案
10:50
this bill into law.
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将它正式变为法律
10:52
Now, tiny little quibble of a footnote:
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现在,我进行一个注解,
10:54
Sonny Bono, you might say, was a Republican,
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松尼波诺,也许你会说,他曾是共和党人,
10:57
but I don't buy it.
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但是我不买账。
10:59
This guy is no Republican.
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这家伙绝不是共和党。
11:02
Okay, for a second example,
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好的,举第二个例子,
11:04
think about this cultural hero,
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想一想这个文化英雄,
11:06
icon on the Left,
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左派人物,
11:09
creator of this character.
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这个角色的创造者。
11:11
Look at the site that he built: "Star Wars" MashUps,
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看看他建立的网站:“星球大战”恶搞,
11:13
inviting people to come and use their creative energy
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邀请人们来这里使用他们的创作激情
11:16
to produce a new generation of attention
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去吸引新一代的注意力
11:18
towards this extraordinarily important cultural icon.
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对于这个杰出的重要文化象征。
11:21
Read the license.
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读一下许可证。
11:23
The license for these remixers
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对于这些再创作者的许可
11:25
assigns all of the rights
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赋予了所有权利
11:27
to the remix back to Lucas.
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混搭作品版权属于卢卡斯
11:29
The mashup is owned by Lucas.
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这些混搭是卢卡斯所有的。
11:32
Indeed, anything you add to the mashup,
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实际上,你添加的任何元素,
11:34
music you might add,
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也许是一段音乐,
11:36
Lucas has a worldwide perpetual right
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卢卡斯有了一个全世界范围的版权
11:38
to exploit that for free.
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免费的去开拓。
11:40
There is no creator here to be recognized.
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在这里没有公认的创作者。
11:43
The creator doesn't have any rights.
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创作者没有任何权力。
11:45
The creator is a sharecropper in this story.
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在故事里,创作者成了农民工。
11:48
And we should remember
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我们应该记住
11:50
who employed the sharecroppers:
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谁雇佣了这些佃农?
11:52
the Democrats, right?
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民主党,不是吗?
11:54
So the point is the Republicans here
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所以要点是共和党在这
11:57
recognize that there's a certain need
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认识到有这样的需求
11:59
of ownership,
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需要所有权
12:01
a respect for ownership,
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尊重所有权,
12:03
the respect we should give the creator,
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我们应该给予创作者的,
12:05
the remixer, the owner, the property owner,
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再创作者,拥有者,财产所有者,
12:08
the copyright owner
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版权所有者
12:10
of this extraordinarily powerful stuff,
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这个非常棒的玩意
12:13
and not a generation of sharecroppers.
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而不是一代佃农。
12:19
Now, I think there are lessons we should learn here,
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现在
12:22
lessons about openness.
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关于开放的教训。
12:24
Our lives are sharing activities,
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我们的生命是分享的活动,
12:27
at least in part.
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至少部分是。
12:29
Even for the head of Goldman Sachs,
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即使是高盛公司的老板,
12:31
at least in part.
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也有分享的部分。
12:34
And for that sharing activity to happen, we have to have
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为了使得这样的分享可以实现,我们必须
12:36
well-protected spaces of fair use.
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保护好公平使用的空间。
12:39
That's number one. Number two:
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这是第一点。第二点:
12:41
This ecology of sharing
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分享的生态环境
12:43
needs freedom
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需要自由
12:45
within which to create.
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在自由中创作。
12:48
Freedom, which means without permission from anyone,
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自由意味着没有任何人的允许,
12:51
the ability to create.
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有创作的能力。
12:53
And number three: We need to
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第三点:我们需要
12:55
respect the creator,
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尊重创作者,
12:57
the creator of these remixes
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这些混搭作品的作者
12:59
through rights that are
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通过将权力
13:01
directly tied to them.
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与他们直接相连。
13:05
Now, this explains the right-wing nonprofit
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这也可以解释为何右翼会热衷于非盈利
13:08
Creative Commons.
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的创意共享(Creativecommons)
13:10
Actually, it's not a right-wing nonprofit,
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实际上,这不只是一个右翼非盈利活动
13:12
but of course -- let me just tie it here --
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让我把它联系到
13:14
the Creative Commons, which is
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创意共享
13:16
offering authors this simple way to mark their content
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即让作者有了这个简单的方法标注他们的内容
13:19
with the freedoms
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在自由的条件下
13:21
they intended to carry.
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只要他们想加上。
13:23
So that we go from a "all rights reserved" world
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所以我们从一个“版权所有”的世界
13:25
to a "some rights reserved" world
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变为“版权部分所有”的世界
13:28
so that people can know the freedoms they have attached to the content,
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所以大家可以知道他们赋予作品内容的这种自由,
13:31
building and creating
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建立和创作
13:33
on the basis of this
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基于这种自由
13:35
creative copyrighted work.
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创新已有版权的作品。
13:37
These tools that we built
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这些我们发明的工具
13:39
enable this sharing in parts
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使得分享成为了一部分
13:42
through licenses that make it clear
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通过许可明确了
13:44
and a freedom to create
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自由创作的权力
13:46
without requiring permission first
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在没有事先允许的情况下
13:48
because the permission has already been granted
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因为一开始就给予了许可,
13:50
and a respect for the creator because it builds upon
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以及对原创者的尊重因为它建立在
13:53
a copyright the creator
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原创者的版权之上
13:55
has licensed freely.
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已经被允许自由使用。
13:57
And it explains the vast right-wing conspiracy
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这揭示了泛右翼论阴谋
14:00
that's obviously developed around these licenses,
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很明显围绕这些协议不断发展,
14:03
as now more than 350 million digital objects
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至今已有3亿5000万数字作品
14:06
are out there, licensed freely
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存在并允许自由使用
14:08
in this way.
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以这样的方式。
14:10
Now that picture of an ecology of creativity,
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现在那是一幅创造性生态图,
14:13
the picture of an ecology
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一幅生态平衡的
14:15
of balanced creativity,
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由创作环境,
14:17
is that the ecology of creativity we have right now?
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这样的创作生态我们现在拥有了么?
14:20
Well, as you all know,
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正如大家知道的,
14:23
not many of us believe we do.
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没有几个人相信我们有。
14:25
I tripped on the reality of this ecology of creativity
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我就在现实的创作环境中栽了个跟头
14:28
just last week.
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就在上周。
14:30
I created a video which was based
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我制作了一个视频是基于
14:32
on a Wireside Chat that I'd given,
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我的一个演讲
14:34
and I uploaded it to YouTube.
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我把它上传到了Youtube
14:37
I then got this email from YouTube
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然后我就收到了Youtube发来的电邮
14:39
weirdly notifying me
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莫名其妙的告知我
14:41
that there was content in that
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这些内容
14:43
owned by the mysterious WMG
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不可思议的属于WMG公司
14:46
that matched their content ID.
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因为符合他们作品的特征
14:48
So I didn't think much about it.
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我并没怎么当回事
14:50
And then on Twitter, somebody said to me,
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接下来在推特上,有个人和我说,
14:52
"Your talk on YouTube was DMCA'd. Was that your purpose?"
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你在Youube上的谈话被判侵权。你是故意的吗?
14:55
imagining that I had this deep conspiracy
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想象一下如果我有这样险恶的阴谋
14:57
to reveal the obvious flaws in the DMCA.
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去揭露新千年数字版权法案显而易见的瑕疵。
15:00
I answered, "No." I didn't even think about it.
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我答道:“不。”我根本没有想到那样做。
15:02
But then I went to the site
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但随后我上了那个网站
15:05
and all of the audio in my site had been silenced.
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我所有的语音被静音了。
15:09
My whole 45-minute video
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我全长45分钟的视频
15:11
had been silenced
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全部没有声音
15:13
because there were snippets in that video,
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因为这里面有一点点内容,
15:15
a video about fair use,
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关于公平使用视频,
15:18
that included Warner Music Group music.
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包含了华纳音乐集团的音乐。
15:21
Now, interestingly,
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现在,有趣的是,
15:23
they still sold ads for that music,
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他们依然为那段音乐卖广告,
15:25
if you played the silent video.
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如果你播放了那段静音的视频。
15:27
You could still buy the music,
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你仍然可以购买那段音乐,
15:29
but you couldn't hear anything
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但你听不到任何声音
15:31
because it had been silenced.
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因为被静音了。
15:33
So I did what the current regime
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所以我做了目前政府
15:35
says I must do
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让我必须做的
15:37
to be free to use
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去自由使用
15:39
YouTube to talk about fair use.
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YouTube谈论公平使用。
15:42
I went to this site, and I had to answer these questions.
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我打开那个页面,我必须回答这些问题。
15:45
And then in an extraordinarily
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然后在一个令人叫绝的的
15:47
Bart Simpson-like, juvenile way
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像巴特·辛普森一样,幼稚的方式
15:50
you've actually got to type out these words
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你必须输入这些单词
15:53
and get them right
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并得到允许
15:55
to reassert your freedom to speak.
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去宣称你的言论自由
15:57
And I felt like I was in third grade again.
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我感到我回到了小学三年级,
16:00
"I will not put tacks on the teacher's chair.
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我保证我不会把大头钉再放到老师椅子上。
16:03
I will not put tacks on the teacher's chair."
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我保证我不会把大头钉再放到老师椅子上。
16:07
This is absurd.
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这很荒唐。
16:09
It is outrageous.
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太离奇了。
16:11
It is an extraordinary perversion of the system of freedom
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这是对自由系统的扭曲
16:13
we should be encouraging.
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我们应该倍受鼓舞
16:15
And the question I ask you is: Who's fighting it?
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我想问的是:“谁在为此而奋斗?”
16:17
Well, interestingly, in the last presidential election,
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是的,有趣的是,在上次总统大选中,
16:20
who was the number one, active
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谁是头号积极分子
16:22
opponent of this system of regulation
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在反对这个行政系统
16:25
in online speech?
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对在线发言的限制?
16:27
John McCain.
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是约翰麦凯恩。
16:29
Letter after letter attacking YouTube's refusal
375
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一份有一份批评Youube的封锁
16:32
to be more respectful of fair use
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倡导更值得尊敬的公平使用
16:35
with their extraordinary notice and take down system,
377
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凭借他们杰出的注意力并终止这个系统,
16:37
that led his campaign so many times
378
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让他的竞选活动无数次的
16:39
to be thrown off the Internet.
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被因特网抛弃。
16:42
Now, that was the story of me then,
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现在,讲讲我自己的故事,
16:45
my good old days of right-wing lunacy.
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我美好的的右派疯狂岁月。
16:48
Let me come back to now,
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让我回到当下,
16:50
now when I'm a little leftist --
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现在当我作为一个小小的左倾分子
16:52
I'm certainly left-handed, so at least a lefty --
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至少我是一个左撇子
16:55
And I wonder, can we on the Left
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我想知道,我们能否站在左翼
16:58
expect to build this
386
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期望去建立一个
17:01
ecology of freedom, now,
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自由的生态系统,就现在,
17:03
in a world where
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在世界的某个地点
17:06
we know the extraordinarily powerful
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我们知道有股强大的力量
17:08
influences against it,
390
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会反对它,
17:10
where even icons of the Left like this
391
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甚至像这位左派的领袖
17:13
entertain and push bills
392
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致力推进法案
17:16
that would effectively ban the requirement
393
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有效地禁止那些要求
17:19
of open access for government-funded research?
394
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开放给政府资助地科研?
17:23
The president, who has supported
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总统本人,曾支持过
17:26
a process that secretly negotiates agreements,
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一个秘密协商的进行,
17:29
which effectively lock us into the insane system
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结果把我们困在了一个愚蠢的系统里
17:32
of DMCA
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即数字千年版权法
17:34
that we have adopted
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我们已被迫适应
17:36
and likely lock us down a path of three strikes, you're out
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并被置于棒球中三震出局的境地
17:39
that, of course, the rest of the world are increasingly adopting.
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当然越来越多的国家也卷入了这个适应的过程。
17:42
Not a single example of reform
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没有一例改革的例子
17:45
has been produced yet.
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被推动过。
17:49
And we're not going to see this change
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并且我们将看不到任何改变
17:51
in this system
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在这个系统里
17:53
anytime soon.
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至少近期无望。
17:55
So here's the lessons of openness
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所以这是关于开放的教训
17:58
that I think we need to learn.
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我认为大家都要吸取
18:01
Openness is a commitment
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开放式一种奉献
18:03
to a certain set of values.
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奉献一系列的价值。
18:05
We need to speak of those values.
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我们需要强调那些价值。
18:07
The value of freedom. It's a value of community.
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自由的价值。它具有公共团体的价值。
18:10
It's a value of the limits in regulation.
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它具有制约规章的价值。
18:12
It's a value respecting the creator.
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它具有尊重创造者的价值。
18:16
Now, if we can learn those values
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现在,假如我们可以学到这些价值
18:18
from at least some influences on the Right,
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从右翼那里获得哪怕一点点影响,
18:20
if we can take them and incorporate them,
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假如我们可以争取并加入他们,
18:22
maybe we could do a little trade.
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也许我们可以做一点交易。
18:24
We learn those values on the Left,
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我们从左派(民主党)学到这些价值,
18:27
and maybe they'll do health care
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也许他们将对医疗进行改革
18:29
or global warming legislation or something in the Right.
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或者对全球变暖进行立法等等。
18:31
Anyway, please join me
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无论如何,请和我一起
18:33
in teaching these values.
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传播这些价值观。
18:35
Thank you very much.
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非常感谢。
18:37
(Applause)
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(鼓掌)
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