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譯者: yi-ju chen
審譯者: Ann Lee
00:16
I want to talk about
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我要談論的是
00:18
what we learn from conservatives.
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我們可以從保守派學到什麼。
00:21
And I'm at a stage in life where I'm yearning for my old days,
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我現在很懷念以前的日子,
00:24
so I want to confess to you
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所以我要向你們承認
00:26
that when I was a kid,
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我還是個小孩的時候,
00:30
indeed, I was a conservative.
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我確實是一位保守派成員
00:33
I was a Young Republican, a Teenage Republican,
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我曾經是一位青少年共和黨員,
00:35
a leader in the Teenage Republicans.
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是青少共和黨員的領導著。
00:37
Indeed, I was the youngest member
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事實上,在1980的大會中
00:39
of any delegation
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Ronald Regan被提名為
00:41
in the 1980 convention that elected Ronald Reagan
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代表共和黨的總統競選者時,
00:43
to be the Republican nominee for president.
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我是被委派的人當中最年輕的領導者。
00:47
Now, I know what you're thinking.
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我知道你們在想什麼
00:49
(Laughter)
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(笑)
00:51
You're thinking, "That's not what the Internets say."
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你們在想:網路上不是這樣說的
00:55
You're thinking, "Wikipedia doesn't say this fact."
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你們在想:維基百科並沒有說這件事。
00:58
And indeed, this is just one of the examples
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事實上,這只是許多
01:01
of the junk that flows across the tubes
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流竄在網路上那些垃圾傳言
01:03
in these Internets here.
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的其中一則而已。
01:06
Wikipedia reports that this guy,
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維基百科報導這個傢伙,
01:08
this former congressman from Erie, Pennsylvania
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這個來自Pennsylvania州的前國會議員
01:11
was, at the age of 20, one of the youngest people
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在20歲的時候
01:13
at the Republican National Convention,
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是共和黨全國代表大會中最年輕成員之一
01:15
but it's just not true.
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但這根本不是真的
01:18
(Laughter)
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(笑)
01:20
Indeed, it drives me so nuts, let me just change this little fact here.
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事實上這徹底惹毛我了,讓我來修改一下這段話吧。
01:23
(Laughter)
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(笑)
01:26
(Applause)
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(鼓掌)
01:30
All right. Okay, so ... perfect.
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好了。這樣就對了!
01:33
Perfect.
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很完美。
01:35
(Laughter)
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(笑)
01:39
Okay, speaker Lawrence Lessig, right.
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好,演講者Lawrence Lessig,對吧?
01:42
Okay.
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好的。
01:44
Finally, truth will be brought here.
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終於,事實要被帶來這了。
01:46
Okay, see? It's done. It's almost done. Here we go.
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好的,看到了嗎?快好了,就快好了。看吧。
01:49
"... Youngest Republican," okay, we're finished.
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「...最年輕的共和黨員」好的,這樣就好可以了。
01:53
That's it. Please save this.
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就這樣。然後存檔。
01:56
Great, here we go.
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這樣就可以了。
01:59
And ... Wikipedia is fixed, finally.
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那麼,維基百科上的錯誤就更正了,終於阿。
02:02
Okay, but no, this is really besides the point.
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好的,但並不是這樣的,這是完全跟主題無關。
02:05
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
02:09
But the thing I want you to think about when we think about conservatives --
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但是其實當我們說到保守派時我要你們想想--
02:12
not so much this issue of the 1980 convention --
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1980年時大會並不是個熱門議題 --
02:14
the thing to think about is this:
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我們要探討的事這個:
02:16
They go to church.
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他們上教堂。
02:18
Now, you know, I mean, a lot of people go to church.
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你知道的,我是指許多人都上教堂。
02:20
I'm not talking about that only conservatives go to church.
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我並不是指只有那些保守派才上教堂。
02:23
And I'm not talking about the God thing.
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我也不是要談論上帝。
02:25
I don't want to get into that, you know; that's not my point.
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我不想說太多,你知道的,那不是我要說得重點。
02:27
They go to church, by which I mean,
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我說到他們會上教堂的意思是,
02:29
they do lots of things for free for each other.
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他們免費的為彼此做很多事。
02:33
They hold potluck dinners.
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他們舉辦共享餐會。
02:35
Indeed, they sell books about potluck dinners.
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事實上,他們還販售關於共享餐會的書。
02:38
They serve food to poor people.
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他們提供免費食物給窮困的人。
02:41
They share, they give,
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他們分享,他們給予。
02:43
they give away for free.
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他們無償的付出。
02:45
And it's the very same people
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並且,也同樣是這群人
02:49
leading Wall Street firms
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領導著華爾街的公司
02:52
who, on Sundays, show up
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這些人,在星期日,會現身
02:55
and share.
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並分享。
02:57
And not only food, right.
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而且,也並不只是分享食物。
02:59
These very same people
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同樣的這一群人
03:01
are strong believers, in lots of contexts,
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在市場的限制下,
03:04
in the limits on the markets.
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是堅守信念的人。
03:07
They are in many important places
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他們在很多重要的大會
03:10
against markets.
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對抗現有的市場。
03:12
Indeed, they, like all of us, celebrate this kind of relationship.
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事實上,他們就像我們所有人一樣,頌揚這種交際關係
03:15
But they're very keen that we don't
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但他們很敏銳的堤防,
03:17
let money drop into that relationship,
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不讓金錢介入這種關係之中,
03:19
else it turns into something like this.
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否則事情會變成像這個樣子
03:22
They want to regulate us, those conservatives,
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那些保守派的,想要控制我們,
03:25
to stop us from allowing the market to spread in those places.
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想要阻止我們允許市場擴展到其他地方。
03:28
Because they understand:
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因為他們明白,
03:31
There are places for the market
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有些地方是容許這個市場存在的,
03:33
and places where the market should not exist,
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然而也有一些地方是這些市場不該存在的。
03:36
where we should be free
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這些地方應該是自由且免費的,
03:39
to enjoy the fellowship of others.
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是彼此享受情誼的地方。
03:42
They recognize: Both of these things have to live together.
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他們知道,這兩件事情都是必不可缺的。
03:46
And the second great thing about conservatives:
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然後,第二件有關保守派的一個很了不起的是:
03:49
they get ecology.
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他們了解這個生態。
03:51
Right, it was the first great Republican president of the 20th century
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沒錯,這是第一個20世紀的偉大共和黨總統
03:54
who taught us about
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教導了我們
03:56
environmental thinking -- Teddy Roosevelt.
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環境生態保護 --西奧多·羅斯福(Teddy Roosevelt.)
03:58
They first taught us about ecology
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他們首先教導我們這個生態
04:00
in the context of natural resources.
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有關地球資源。
04:03
And then they began to teach us in the context of
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燃後他們開始教導我們有關
04:05
innovation, economics.
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創新力和經濟。
04:07
They understand, in that context,
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他們了解,在那些情況下--
04:09
"free." They understand "free" is an important
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是免費的 -- 他們了解免費和分享是一個很重要的
04:12
essential part of the
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也是不可或缺的
04:14
cultural ecology as well.
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文化生態之一。
04:16
That's the thing I want you to think about them.
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這就是我想要你們去思考有關他們的事。
04:21
Now, I know
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現在我知道,
04:23
you don't believe me, really, here.
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我說這個,你們不相信我。
04:28
So here's exhibit number one.
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所以這是第一場展示會。
04:30
I want to share with you my latest hero, Julian Sanchez,
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我想要和你們分享我最近的一位英雄, Julian Sanchez,
04:33
a libertarian who works at the, for many people,
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他是一位圖書館管理員,但是很多人都認為
04:36
"evil" Cato Institute.
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他在一個叫做"邪惡"的卡托研究所(Cato Institute)的地方工作。
04:39
Okay, so Julian made this video.
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因為這樣Julian做了一部短片。
04:41
He's a terrible producer of videos,
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他是一個很糟的短片編輯者,
04:43
but it's great content, so I'm going to give you a little bit of it.
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但是內容卻是很棒,所以我現在要給你們看看其中一小部分。
04:45
So here he is beginning.
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就從這裡開始吧。
04:47
Julian Sanchez: I'm going to make an observation about the way
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Julian Sanchez:我現在要來做一項觀察
04:49
remix culture seems to be evolving ...
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混搭文化是如何發展的...
04:51
Larry Lessig: So what he does is he begins to tell us
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Larry Lessig:所以他的做法就是先告訴我們
04:53
about these three videos.
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三部短片。
04:56
This is this fantastic Brat Pack remix
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這是一個很酷的小子包混音(brat pack remix)
04:59
set to Lisztomania.
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被稱為Lisztomania
05:03
Which, of course, spread virally.
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當然,這很快就在網路上流傳開了。
05:05
Hugely successful.
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非常非常的成功。
05:07
(Music)
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(音樂)
05:11
And then some people from Brooklyn saw it.
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然後有一些人在布魯克林(Brooklyn)看到了這短片
05:13
They decided they wanted to do the same.
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他們決定也要這樣做。
05:20
(Music)
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(音樂)
05:37
And then, of course, people from San Fransisco saw it.
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然後,有人在舊金山(San Fransisco)也看到了這部短片。
05:39
And San Franciscans thought they had to do the same as well.
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舊金山的人認為他們也要這樣做部短片。
05:42
(Music)
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(音樂)
06:03
And so they're beautiful, but this libertarian
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這些短片多麼美麗,但是這位圖書管理員
06:06
has some important lessons he wants us to learn from this.
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有幾個很重要的訊息,想要我們從這學習。
06:08
Here's lesson number one.
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這是第一個:
06:11
JS: There's obviously also something really deeply great about this.
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JS:很顯然的,這是一個能讓你打從心裡覺得很棒的東西。
06:15
They are acting in the sense that they're
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他們以感覺來模仿
06:18
emulating the original mashup.
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原版的混搭音樂。
06:20
And the guy who shot it obviously has a strong eye
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做這影片的人很明顯的有一種很強的觀察力
06:23
and some experience with video editing.
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還有一些影片編輯的經驗
06:25
But this is also basically just a group of friends
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但是,基本上,這只是一群朋友
06:28
having an authentic social moment
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處於一個真實的社交狀態
06:30
and screwing around together.
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一起糊鬧一番。
06:32
It should feel familiar and kind of resonate
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對那些曾經自唱或是餐加舞會的人來說
06:34
for anyone who's had a sing-a-long or a dance party
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會覺得很熟悉,甚至有一種共鳴,
06:36
with a group of good friends.
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那種和一群好朋友在的感覺。
06:38
LL: Or ...
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LL:或者...
06:40
JS: So that's importantly different from the earlier videos we looked at
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JS: 這和我們之前看到的影片非常的不一樣
06:43
because here, remix isn't just about
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因為在這,混搭不是單單的
06:45
an individual doing something alone in his basement;
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一個人獨自的在自己的地下室製作一部短片;
06:48
it becomes an act of social creativity.
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這變成了社群活動的一種。
06:51
And it's not just that it yields
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但是這不是
06:53
a different kind of product at the end,
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最後發展出的新產品
06:56
it's that potentially it changes the way that we relate to each other.
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而是一部短片有一種潛力改變我們和其他人的關係。
07:00
All of our normal social interactions
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我們所有的社交互動
07:03
become a kind of invitation
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變成了一種邀請
07:05
to this sort of collective expression.
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變成了混搭這種集體表現。
07:07
It's our real social lives themselves
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我們真正的社群生活
07:09
that are transmuted into art.
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蛻變成了藝術。
07:12
LL: And so then, what this libertarian draws from these two points ...
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LL:所以這位圖書館管理員從這兩點中領悟...
07:15
JS: One remix is about
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JS:一個混搭音樂是有關
07:17
individuals using our shared culture
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不同的人用我們所共享的文化
07:19
as a kind of language to communicate something to an audience.
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當做一種語言去和一位觀眾溝通。
07:22
Stage two, social remix,
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第二階段,社群混搭,
07:24
is really about using it to mediate
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其實是使用這個方式去傳達
07:26
people's relationships to each other.
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人和人之間的關係。
07:29
First, within each video,
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首先,在每個短片內,
07:31
the Brat Pack characters are used as a kind of template
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小包子(brat pack)人物被當作一種模型架構
07:34
for performing the social reality of each group.
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讓每個團體演奏出他們真實的社群
07:37
But there's also a dialogue between the videos,
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但是這裡面,每個短片之中也有一段對話,
07:40
where, once the basic structure is established,
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當基本架構被設定後,
07:43
it becomes a kind of platform
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這變成了一種平台
07:45
for articulating the similarities and differences
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給團體的社群與真實的話語中
07:48
between the groups' social and physical worlds.
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讓相似和不同的意見一個清晰宏亮的發言權。
07:51
LL: And then, here's for me,
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LL:這對我來說,
07:53
the critical key to what
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什麼是關鍵中的關鍵
07:55
Julian has to say ...
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Julian想告訴大家。
07:57
JS: Copyright policy isn't just about
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JS:版權政策不單單只是有關
07:59
how to incentivize the production
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如何刺激
08:01
of a certain kind of artistic commodity;
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某個藝術產品的數量;
08:03
it's about what level of control
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這是有關,要在哪種程度上的控制
08:05
we're going to permit to be exercised
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我們要允許,被實踐
08:07
over our social realities --
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超越我們現今的社會現象。
08:09
social realities that are now inevitably
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現在的社會現象,無法避免的,
08:12
permeated by pop culture.
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被流行文化瀰漫在空中。
08:14
I think it's important that we
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我認為一件很要的事就是我們
08:16
keep these two different kinds of public goods in mind.
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要讓這兩種不同的公共產品放在心中
08:19
If we're only focused on how to maximize
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如我我們只專注在如何
08:22
the supply of one,
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把其中一樣供給最大化,
08:24
I think we risk suppressing
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我想我們面臨著減少
08:26
this different and richer
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差異性與豐富性
08:28
and, in some ways, maybe even more important one.
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並且,在某方面來講,或許有一個更重要的。
08:31
LL: Right. Bingo. Point.
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LL:沒錯。賓果。重點。
08:34
Freedom needs this opportunity
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自由需要這個機會
08:37
to both have the commercial success
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給巨大的商業努力
08:40
of the great commercial works
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成功的機會
08:42
and the opportunity
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也要有一個機會
08:44
to build this different kind of culture.
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去建構這些不同種的文化。
08:46
And for that to happen, you need
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為了實現這個,你需要
08:48
ideas like fair use to be central and protected,
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一些點子,像是合法使用範圍被重視與保護
08:51
to enable this kind of innovation,
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去開啟這種創新力,
08:54
as this libertarian tells us,
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像是這個自由主義者告訴我們的,
08:56
between these two creative cultures,
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在這兩個多元文化之中,
08:59
a commercial and a sharing culture.
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可以有一個商業文化與共享文化。
09:02
The point is they, he, here,
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重點是,他們,這個男的,這邊
09:04
gets that culture.
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了解那個文化。
09:06
Now, my concern is, we Dems,
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現在,我擔心的是,我們民主黨的,
09:09
too often, not so much.
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太常,或許沒那麼常。
09:12
All right, take for example this great company.
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好吧,那拿這個大公司舉個例子好了。
09:16
In the good old days when this Republican ran that company,
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在以前段那美好日子,當這個共和黨的經營那間公司時,
09:19
their greatest work was work that built on the past, right.
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他們最大的貢獻都是以前所建立的貢獻。
09:22
All of the great Disney works
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所有迪士尼的那些輝煌成就
09:25
were works that took works that
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都是在公有領域中的成就,
09:27
were in the public domain and remixed them,
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然後經過了重新組合與調整
09:29
or waited until they entered the public domain to remix them,
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或者是等到這些專利權失效後,然後再重新組合這些創作,
09:32
to celebrate this add-on remix creativity.
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去慶祝這個附屬的重新組合這個創意行為。
09:35
Indeed, Mickey Mouse himself, of course,
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確實,米老鼠他自己當然,
09:38
as "Steamboat Willie,"
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如同"汽船威利,"
09:40
is a remix of the then, very dominant,
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是之後的一個重新組合,非常的佔優勢
09:43
very popular "Steamboat Bill"
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非常熱門的"氣船威利"
09:45
by Buster Keaton.
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Buster Keaton所做的。
09:47
This man was a remixer extraordinaire.
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這個人是一個非凡的重新組合者。
09:50
He is the celebration and ideal
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他就是這種創意的
09:52
of exactly this kind of creativity.
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慶祝者與理想者。
09:55
But then the company passes
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但是之後這個公司面臨了
09:57
through this dark stage
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這個黑暗的階段
10:00
to this Democrat.
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到了這個民主黨。
10:02
Wildly different.
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非常的不一樣。
10:04
This is the mastermind behind
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這是一個策劃
10:06
the eventual passage of what we call
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在背後漸漸的通過的法律,我們稱為
10:08
the Sonny Bono Copyright Term Extension Act,
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the Sonny Bono版權定義延伸法,
10:11
extending the term of existing copyrights
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來延伸現有的版權擁有權限
10:13
by 20 years,
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到20年,
10:15
so that no one could do to Disney
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這樣一來就沒有人能對迪士尼做一些
10:17
what Disney did to the Brothers Grimm.
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迪士尼對Nrothers Grimm所做的事情了。
10:20
Now, when we tried to challenge this,
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現在,當我們想去挑戰這件事時,
10:22
going to the Supreme Court, getting the Supreme Court, the bunch of conservatives there --
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我們去最高等法院,說服最高法院,也就是一對保守派的人--
10:25
if we could get them to wake up to this -- to strike it down,
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如果我們可以讓他們醒來 --去終止這項法令。
10:28
we had the assistance of Nobel Prize winners
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我們有諾貝爾獎得主們幫助我們
10:31
including this right-wing
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包括這個右翼派的人
10:34
Nobel Prize winner, Milton Friedman,
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諾貝爾獎得主,Milton Friedman,
10:36
who said he would join our brief
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他說他會加入我們的簡報
10:38
only if the word "no brainer"
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但是一定要有"沒腦"這個字
10:40
was in the brief somewhere.
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在簡報的某些地方被提及
10:42
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
10:44
But apparently, no brains
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但很明顯的,沒腦
10:46
existed in this place
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存在過這個地方
10:48
when Democrats passed and signed
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當名主黨通過然後簽下了
10:50
this bill into law.
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這個法案定成法律。
10:52
Now, tiny little quibble of a footnote:
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這個一個小小的雙關註腳,
10:54
Sonny Bono, you might say, was a Republican,
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Sonny Bono,你可能說,他是個共和黨派的,
10:57
but I don't buy it.
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但是我才不受騙。
10:59
This guy is no Republican.
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這個人絕不是共和黨派的人。
11:02
Okay, for a second example,
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那麼,第二個例子,
11:04
think about this cultural hero,
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如果想一下這個文化英雄,
11:06
icon on the Left,
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左邊的這個偶像,
11:09
creator of this character.
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這個角色的創造人。
11:11
Look at the site that he built: "Star Wars" MashUps,
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看它所建構的網站:星海戰爭版的混搭
11:13
inviting people to come and use their creative energy
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邀請大家參觀那個網頁,然後使用他們的創意
11:16
to produce a new generation of attention
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對於這個非凡、重要的文化象徵
11:18
towards this extraordinarily important cultural icon.
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去發展出這個非凡、重要的文化象徵。
11:21
Read the license.
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看一下這個許可證。
11:23
The license for these remixers
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給這些混搭者的許可證
11:25
assigns all of the rights
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把這些所有混搭的權利
11:27
to the remix back to Lucas.
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歸還給Lucas
11:29
The mashup is owned by Lucas.
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這個混搭音樂是屬於Lucas的。
11:32
Indeed, anything you add to the mashup,
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確實,你能加任何東西進這個混搭,
11:34
music you might add,
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你可以加入新的音樂,
11:36
Lucas has a worldwide perpetual right
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Lucas有一個全球性並且永久的權利
11:38
to exploit that for free.
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把這個擁有權分享於大眾,免費化。
11:40
There is no creator here to be recognized.
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這邊沒有創作者被提及到。
11:43
The creator doesn't have any rights.
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創作者沒有任何的權利。
11:45
The creator is a sharecropper in this story.
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在這故事裡,創作者是收益分成的佃農。(佃農係指以部分濃產品當為租地資金的農民)
11:48
And we should remember
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然後我們必須記得
11:50
who employed the sharecroppers:
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誰雇用了這些收收益分成的佃農:
11:52
the Democrats, right?
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民主黨的,對嗎?
11:54
So the point is the Republicans here
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所這種點是共和黨在這
11:57
recognize that there's a certain need
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發覺,就是所有權,
11:59
of ownership,
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確實有存在的必要,
12:01
a respect for ownership,
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一個對所有權的尊重,
12:03
the respect we should give the creator,
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一個我們應該給予作者的尊重,
12:05
the remixer, the owner, the property owner,
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把尊重給予混搭者,擁有者,土地擁有者,
12:08
the copyright owner
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和版權擁有者
12:10
of this extraordinarily powerful stuff,
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給他們這些無比、強大的東西一個尊重,
12:13
and not a generation of sharecroppers.
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而不是那些收收益分成的佃農。
12:19
Now, I think there are lessons we should learn here,
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現在,我想這邊有幾個教訓我們需要學習,
12:22
lessons about openness.
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就是有關開放
12:24
Our lives are sharing activities,
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我們的整個生活是一個共享的活動,
12:27
at least in part.
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至少在某部分。
12:29
Even for the head of Goldman Sachs,
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儘管是Goldman Sachs的領導者,
12:31
at least in part.
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至少在某些部分。
12:34
And for that sharing activity to happen, we have to have
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那為了讓這些分享活動可以實現,我們必須要
12:36
well-protected spaces of fair use.
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給合法使用範圍,一個完善的保護範圍
12:39
That's number one. Number two:
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這是第一點。再來是第二點:
12:41
This ecology of sharing
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這個分享的生態
12:43
needs freedom
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需要自由
12:45
within which to create.
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在自由中創造。
12:48
Freedom, which means without permission from anyone,
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自由,是指不需要任何人的允許,
12:51
the ability to create.
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一種創造的能力。
12:53
And number three: We need to
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第三點:我們需要
12:55
respect the creator,
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尊重發明者,
12:57
the creator of these remixes
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這些混搭的發明者
12:59
through rights that are
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經由法律
13:01
directly tied to them.
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直接的與他們相連。
13:05
Now, this explains the right-wing nonprofit
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這個解釋了右翼黨派的
13:08
Creative Commons.
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創用CC(Creative Common)非營利團體。
13:10
Actually, it's not a right-wing nonprofit,
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事實上,這不是指右翼黨派是一個非營利團體,
13:12
but of course -- let me just tie it here --
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但是當然--讓我聯想到這--
13:14
the Creative Commons, which is
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創用CC(Creative Common),是一個
13:16
offering authors this simple way to mark their content
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提供作者們一個自由並且簡單的方式去
13:19
with the freedoms
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去標示他們的內容是否為免費
13:21
they intended to carry.
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由他們自己決定。
13:23
So that we go from a "all rights reserved" world
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所以我們從一個"保有所有權利"這個詞
13:25
to a "some rights reserved" world
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轉換成"保有部分權利"這樣的一個詞
13:28
so that people can know the freedoms they have attached to the content,
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所以大家知道他們使用的內容的自由範圍定界,
13:31
building and creating
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基於這種
13:33
on the basis of this
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被著作權保護的創意嘉做。
13:35
creative copyrighted work.
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去建構與創造。
13:37
These tools that we built
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我們建構的這些這些工作
13:39
enable this sharing in parts
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促使這個分享在一些部分
13:42
through licenses that make it clear
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經由證照把分享規則清楚化
13:44
and a freedom to create
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並且提供一個自由,
13:46
without requiring permission first
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去創造時不必先請求允許
13:48
because the permission has already been granted
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因為這個請求已經受予同意了,
13:50
and a respect for the creator because it builds upon
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以這個尊重創造者的方式,因為這新的作品建構在
13:53
a copyright the creator
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這個創造者的擁有權
13:55
has licensed freely.
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已經授權為免費資源。
13:57
And it explains the vast right-wing conspiracy
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然而這解釋了這個巨大的右翼的陰謀
14:00
that's obviously developed around these licenses,
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非常明顯的發展於這些許可
14:03
as now more than 350 million digital objects
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現在,以3億五千多萬的數位資訊
14:06
are out there, licensed freely
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以這種方式
14:08
in this way.
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在網路上成為免費資源。
14:10
Now that picture of an ecology of creativity,
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現在一個創造力的生態
14:13
the picture of an ecology
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一個生態的輪廓
14:15
of balanced creativity,
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一個平衡的創造力
14:17
is that the ecology of creativity we have right now?
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是否為我們現在所擁有的呢?
14:20
Well, as you all know,
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其實,就像你們所知道的,
14:23
not many of us believe we do.
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很多人並不相信我們擁有這種平衡。
14:25
I tripped on the reality of this ecology of creativity
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我在這種創造力的現實生態中旅遊
14:28
just last week.
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僅僅一個星期。
14:30
I created a video which was based
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我錄製了一部短片,
14:32
on a Wireside Chat that I'd given,
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放在一個叫做"Wireside Chat"的廣播
14:34
and I uploaded it to YouTube.
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然後我把這個影片上傳到YouTube.
14:37
I then got this email from YouTube
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然後我收到了一封YouTube寄來的信
14:39
weirdly notifying me
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很奇怪的通知我說
14:41
that there was content in that
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我的影片裡有一些內容
14:43
owned by the mysterious WMG
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是神秘的WMG一個公司所擁有的
14:46
that matched their content ID.
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那段影片內容與他們的內容ID相符.
14:48
So I didn't think much about it.
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之後我沒再繼續想這件事情。
14:50
And then on Twitter, somebody said to me,
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後來在Twitter,有些人跟我說
14:52
"Your talk on YouTube was DMCA'd. Was that your purpose?"
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"你在Youtube的演講因為違法著作權法被禁止了。那是你的用意嗎?"
14:55
imagining that I had this deep conspiracy
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假設果我有這個陰謀
14:57
to reveal the obvious flaws in the DMCA.
337
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去揭發這個清楚的錯誤在這個"數字千年版權法"
15:00
I answered, "No." I didn't even think about it.
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我回答,"不。"我連想都沒想過這個。
15:02
But then I went to the site
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但是之後我到了這個網站
15:05
and all of the audio in my site had been silenced.
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發現了所有的音樂檔在我的網站都被禁音了。
15:09
My whole 45-minute video
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我整整45分鐘的影片
15:11
had been silenced
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被禁音了
15:13
because there were snippets in that video,
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因為影片內的幾個片段
15:15
a video about fair use,
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一個影片有關合法使用範圍,
15:18
that included Warner Music Group music.
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包含了WMG這個音樂公司。
15:21
Now, interestingly,
346
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現在,非常有趣的,
15:23
they still sold ads for that music,
347
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他們現在持續的用那個音樂販賣這些廣告,
15:25
if you played the silent video.
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如果你播放這個被禁因的影片。
15:27
You could still buy the music,
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妳依然可以買這個音樂,
15:29
but you couldn't hear anything
350
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但是妳聽不到任何東西
15:31
because it had been silenced.
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因為這個影片被禁音了
15:33
So I did what the current regime
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所以我做了現行制度
15:35
says I must do
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所要求我做的
15:37
to be free to use
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去使用免費的
15:39
YouTube to talk about fair use.
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YouTube去表達有關合法使用範圍。
15:42
I went to this site, and I had to answer these questions.
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我去了這個網頁,然後我必須回答這些問題。
15:45
And then in an extraordinarily
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然後在一個非凡似的
15:47
Bart Simpson-like, juvenile way
358
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辛普森的小孩Bart
15:50
you've actually got to type out these words
359
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你必須確實的打出這些字
15:53
and get them right
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然後給他們這個權利
15:55
to reassert your freedom to speak.
361
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才可以從新為你的自由而發言。
15:57
And I felt like I was in third grade again.
362
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我覺得我好像又回到了國小三年級。
16:00
"I will not put tacks on the teacher's chair.
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我不會把圖釘放在老師的椅子上。
16:03
I will not put tacks on the teacher's chair."
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我不會放圖釘在老師的椅子上。
16:07
This is absurd.
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這個非常的愚蠢可笑。
16:09
It is outrageous.
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這是非常可恥的。
16:11
It is an extraordinary perversion of the system of freedom
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這是一個無比墮落的自由體制
16:13
we should be encouraging.
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我們應該鼓勵。
16:15
And the question I ask you is: Who's fighting it?
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有個問題我想問你的是:誰在跟這個體制對抗嗎?
16:17
Well, interestingly, in the last presidential election,
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不過,非常有趣的,在以前過去的總統選舉,
16:20
who was the number one, active
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誰是第一名,
16:22
opponent of this system of regulation
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規章體制的對手
16:25
in online speech?
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在網路發言上?
16:27
John McCain.
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是約翰·麥肯。
16:29
Letter after letter attacking YouTube's refusal
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一封又一封攻擊YouTube的反對信
16:32
to be more respectful of fair use
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為了一個更加尊重合法使用範圍
16:35
with their extraordinary notice and take down system,
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和他們的非凡通知,然後關閉系統。
16:37
that led his campaign so many times
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這個行動導致了他的戰役非常多次的
16:39
to be thrown off the Internet.
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從網路上被扔掉。
16:42
Now, that was the story of me then,
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現在,那個故事變成了我的故事,
16:45
my good old days of right-wing lunacy.
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在很久很久以前的日子,我在右翼黨派時的愚蠢行為。
16:48
Let me come back to now,
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回到今天,
16:50
now when I'm a little leftist --
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現在當我有一點偏向左翼黨派時--
16:52
I'm certainly left-handed, so at least a lefty --
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我確實是用左手寫字,所以至少有點"左派"--
16:55
And I wonder, can we on the Left
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然後我想,我們可不可以在左派
16:58
expect to build this
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期望著去建構這個
17:01
ecology of freedom, now,
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自由生態,在現今,
17:03
in a world where
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在一個事情
17:06
we know the extraordinarily powerful
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在那我們知道不平凡的強大力量
17:08
influences against it,
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影響對抗著這個,
17:10
where even icons of the Left like this
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儘管向是左邊的這些象徵人物
17:13
entertain and push bills
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享受著推倡議案
17:16
that would effectively ban the requirement
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這些議案會有效的禁止要求
17:19
of open access for government-funded research?
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開放允許給政府金錢援助的研究?
17:23
The president, who has supported
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種統已經支持一個過程
17:26
a process that secretly negotiates agreements,
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一個祕密著談判協定的過程,
17:29
which effectively lock us into the insane system
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這個協定有效的把我們鎖於這個瘋狂的制度
17:32
of DMCA
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這個數字千年版權法(DMCA)
17:34
that we have adopted
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也就是們現在所採取的
17:36
and likely lock us down a path of three strikes, you're out
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然後非常可能把我們鎖在一個三振的道路,你出局了
17:39
that, of course, the rest of the world are increasingly adopting.
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當然,這個世界的其他部分則快速的接納這個把權法。
17:42
Not a single example of reform
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直到現在,一個改革的例子
17:45
has been produced yet.
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都沒有。
17:49
And we're not going to see this change
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然後我們不會看到這個改變
17:51
in this system
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在這個體制
17:53
anytime soon.
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在任何短時間內。
17:55
So here's the lessons of openness
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所以這裡是開放的教訓
17:58
that I think we need to learn.
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我想這是我們該學習的。
18:01
Openness is a commitment
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開放是一種承諾
18:03
to a certain set of values.
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對一套價值觀念。
18:05
We need to speak of those values.
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我們必須跟其他人說這一套價值觀念。
18:07
The value of freedom. It's a value of community.
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自由的價值觀念。這是一個社區的價值觀念
18:10
It's a value of the limits in regulation.
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這是給有限的法規一個價值觀念。
18:12
It's a value respecting the creator.
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這是一個給予創造者的價值觀念。
18:16
Now, if we can learn those values
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現在,如果我們可以從學習這些價值觀念
18:18
from at least some influences on the Right,
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至少從從右翼黨派中有一些影響
18:20
if we can take them and incorporate them,
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如果我們可以接受他們並且包含他們,
18:22
maybe we could do a little trade.
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或許我們可以做一個小小的交換條件。
18:24
We learn those values on the Left,
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我們從右派的學到了這些觀念,
18:27
and maybe they'll do health care
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或許他們會做健保
18:29
or global warming legislation or something in the Right.
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或者是全球暖化條約或右黨的其他事情
18:31
Anyway, please join me
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不管怎樣,請加入我
18:33
in teaching these values.
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一起教導這些價值觀念。
18:35
Thank you very much.
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非常的感謝您的聆聽。
18:37
(Applause)
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(鼓掌)
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