Wendy MacNaughton: The art of paying attention | TED

翻译人员: Elena W 校对人员: Yanyan Hong

好，我要在这里做一个大胆的猜想。

在座的各位小时候

肯定画过画。

是吗？

是吗？好的。

All right, I'm going to go out on a limb here.

而且在你大概四五岁的时候，

I'm going to say that every single one of us in this room

你画着画，

一位大人走过来，看了看你的画，

made drawings when we were little.

Yes?

然后问：“这是啥？”

Yes? OK.

你说，“这是一张脸。”

And maybe around the age of like, four or five or something like that,

然后他们说，

“人脸可不长这样。

you might have been drawing,

这才是一张脸。”

and a grown-up came over and looked over your shoulder and said,

然后他们开始画：

"What's that?"

一个圆，两个杏仁一样的眼睛，

And you said, "It's a face."

一个像颠倒的7的东西，

And they said,

"That's not really what a face looks like.

和一条曲线。

This is what a face looks like."

问题是什么？

And they proceeded to draw this.

这也不怎么像一张脸啊，对吗？

Circle, two almonds for some eyes,

这只是个图标。

this upside-down seven situation we have here,

是个简化过的图像，

也是我们如今看待世界的方式。

and then a curved line.

你看，每时每刻都有潮水般的信息涌向我们，

But guess what?

This doesn't really look that much like a face, OK?

而我们的大脑无法处理这些信息，

It's an icon.

It's visual shorthand,

所以我们用各种模型填充这个世界。

and it's how we look at so much of our world today.

我们看到的大多数东西 不过是我们所希望看到的。

See, we have so much information coming at us all the time,

好。

that our brains literally can't process it,

我接下来要展示一个 能让你大脑重新看见的小技巧。

and we fill in the world with patterns.

Much of what we see is our own expectations.

你们都收到一个上面 写着“不要打开”的信封了吗？

拿出来，是时候打开它了。

All right.

I'm going to show you a little trick

里面应该是一张纸和一支铅笔。

to rewire your brain into looking again.

Did you all get an envelope that says "do not open" on it?

你们准备好后，

请转过身对着离你最近的人。

Grab that envelope, it's time to open it.

最好是你不认识的。

Inside should be a piece of paper and a pencil.

我们要开始了。

Once you have that all prepped,

（笑声）

好。

please turn to somebody next to you.

每个人都找到搭档了吗？

Ideally, somebody you don't know.

好，现在看向我。

好，现在看向我。

Yeah, we're doing this, people,

你们接下来要互相画对方的脸，好吗？

we're doing this.

(Laughs)

Great.

别，别，别，别，等等，等等。

Everybody find a partner?

我保证，这跟你的画技一点关系都没有。

OK, now look back at me.

我们来这儿不是做这个的，

OK, now look back at me.

我们要观察， 这项活动最重要的是观察。

You are going to draw each other, OK?

所有人都会画的很垃圾， 我发誓，所以别慌。

好，你们接下来画画要遵循 两个简单的规则。

No, no, no, no, wait, wait, wait, wait.

首先，笔不能离开纸面。

I promise this is not about doing a good drawing, OK?

That's not what we're doing here,

一笔到底。

we're looking, this is about looking.

别慌，要信我。

要注意观察，好吗？

Everybody's going to be terrible, I promise, don't worry.

一笔到底，笔不能离开纸面。

You're going to draw each other with two very simple rules.

第二，

One, you are never going to lift your pencil up off the paper.

绝对不能低头去看你正在作的画。

One continuous line.

No, no, trust me here.

对，要集中注意观察。

This is about looking, OK?

画画的时候一定要一直看着你在画的人。

So one continuous line never lift the pencil.

好，现在把你的笔尖落在纸的中间。

Number two,

never, ever, ever look down at the paper you're drawing on, OK?

抬起头看你的搭档。

看着他们的眼睛。

Yes, it's about looking.

不用管左眼还是右眼。

So keep looking at the person you're drawing.

那里就是你开始作画的地方。

准备好了吗？

Now put your pencil down in the middle of the paper, OK?

深呼吸。

（吸气）

那么开始吧。

Look up at your partner.

现在，你只需要画画， 但留意一下笔的位置，

Look at the inside of one of their eyes.

你从这里开始， 你发现那里有个拐角，

Doesn't matter which one.

That's where you're going to start.

可能那边有条曲线。

Ready?

注意那些较短的线，比如睫毛。

Deep breath.

(Inhales)

And begin.

有些人戴着口罩，有些没戴， 不用管这些，继续画。

Now, just draw but notice where you are,

慢慢来，

集中注意力，画下你看到的。

you're starting there and you see there is a corner,

别往下看。

maybe there's a curve there.

Notice those little lines, the eyelashes.

继续。

（低语声）

People are wearing masks, some aren't, just work with that.

还有五秒。

Now just go slow.

然后，停下。

Pay attention and draw what you see.

低头看看你们美丽的画。

And don't look down.

（笑声）

Just keep going.

是吧？

给你的搭档看看他们了不起的肖像画。

(Murmuring)

And just five more seconds.

特别好，是吧？

And stop.

我也想看看。

Look down at your beautiful drawings.

把它们举起来。

(Laughter)

你们能把它们举起来吗？

每个人举起来。

Right?

Show your partner their incredible portrait.

我的天。

你在逗我吗？

你们真是太棒了。

It's so good, right?

好，你们可以把它们放下了，

I want to see them.

Hold them up.

把它们塞在下面，

把它们放在纸上。

Can you guys hold them up?

Hold up, everybody.

太精彩了。

Oh my gosh.

我的意思是， 它们都挺糟糕的，但也很精彩。

Are you kidding me?

为什么会精彩?

You all are amazing.

因为你们刚刚画了一张脸。

OK, you can put your drawings back down,

你画了你所看见的。

tuck them under,

而不是你认为一张脸该长什么样，对吗？

put them on the paper.

你们刚刚做了一样人们几乎不会做的事。

That was wonderful.

I mean, they're all terrible, but they're wonderful.

Why are they wonderful?

你们一点都不害羞，与另一个人

Because you all just drew a face.

You drew what you saw.

毫不避讳的面对面接触，

You didn't draw what you think a face looks like, right?

You also just did something that people rarely do.

持续了将近一分钟。

通过画画，你放慢了脚步，

You just made intimate eye-to-eye,

你集中了注意力，

你仔细的观察了一个人，

face-to-face contact with someone without shying away

并且让对方仔细观察你。

for almost a minute.

做的好。

Through drawing, you slowed down,

我发现这样画画

you paid attention,

能创造出一种与众不同的瞬时联结。

you looked closely at someone

and you let them look closely at you.

好。

所以我称自己为一名插画师和插画记者。

Good job.

I have found that drawing like this

creates an immediate connection like nothing else.

我画画，也讲故事。

我花很多时间与人们观察、聆听。

然后把这些人们的话

Alright.

So I call myself an illustrator and a graphic journalist.

结合到我的画里， 大部分来自我的生活，

就像你们刚刚做的那样。

I draw, I tell stories.

我发现这样画画能做到

I spend time with people looking and listening.

And I take the words of the people that I speak with

很多摄影做不到的事。

and I put it together with drawings that I do, mostly from life,

当一个人拿着相机指着你， 你是什么感觉？

just like you all just did.

会感觉自己被些许物化了，对吧？

I found that drawing like this does a lot of things

当我画画的时候，我把速写本放低

that photography can't do.

能在我和我画的人之间 保持一个畅通的渠道。

So when somebody points a camera at you, how do you feel?

很多时候，看到我在画画的人会好奇。

A little objectified, right?

他们会走过来，

一段真诚的谈话就开始了。

When I'm drawing, I hold my sketchbook low

and it keeps an open channel between me and the person I'm drawing.

举个例子，

前阵子，

我想画一篇插画报道，

A lot of time somebody will see me drawing and they'll get curious.

关于公共图书馆是如何服务老年人的。

They'll come over to me,

and a real, authentic conversation begins.

Let me give you an example.

但在我花了几天时间， 拿着速写本在附近潜伏调查，

So a while back,

I wanted to do a drawn story

询问老人们正在读的东西后，

about how the public library serves our elders.

我没有听到任何特别的故事。

直到我碰到了莉亚。

But after spending a few days kind of lurking around with a sketch pad,

莉亚是第一位， 也是当时国内唯一一位

looking over older folks' shoulders and asking them what they were reading,

I wasn't really getting the story.

全职在图书工作的社会工作者。

Until I stumbled upon Leah.

事实证明， 公共图书馆的确在服务老人们。

Leah is the first, and at the time was the only, full-time social worker

它也是一个城市的社会服务中心。

dedicated to a library in the nation.

这是查尔斯。

查尔斯和莉亚一起工作。

他在图书馆里为

Turns out, public library definitely serves our elders.

无家可归的人们做外展服务。

It is also a social service epicenter of a city.

他带我参观了图书馆，

我带着画板，见什么画什么，

然后他向我展示了一个 我从未见过的图书馆。

This is Charles.

Charles works with Leah.

And he does outreach within the library to folks

我以前以为是用来借阅书籍

who are experiencing homelessness.

And he took me around,

I carried my sketch pad and I was drawing everything I saw,

或者查看邮件的电脑。

and he showed me a very different library than I'd previously seen.

事实上是那些在 找工作和住处的人们的生命线。

So computers that I assumed were for checking-out books,

公厕里的水池，

是流落街头的人们 用来洗衣服和洗澡的地方。

or, you know, looking at emails,

were in fact a lifeline for folks who are searching for jobs and housing.

图书馆是一个安全、安静的地方，

The sinks in the public restroom,

任何人都可以进去寻找资源，

they are a laundromat and showers for folks who are sleeping on the street.

并获得免费休息。

A library is a safe, quiet place

看，当我停止寻找 我预期中的故事的那一刻，

where anybody can go and find resources

我发现了一个 完全崭新、更加丰富的事实。

and rest for free.

我画过的所有事物和人都证明了这一点。

See, the moment I stopped looking for the story that I expected to see,

好，我从生活中寻找素材， 像你们刚刚一样。

an entirely new and richer truth was revealed.

所以我在我的本田汽车后面 建了一个移动工作室。

在一辆时髦的本田 Element 后面——

I found this to be true with everything and everyone I've ever drawn.

这样我可以去任何地方，

和任何人在任何时候谈话， 然后在后座画画、睡觉。

OK, so I draw from life, right, like you guys did.

And so I built myself a mobile studio

它非常温馨。

我在犹他州开着车，

in the back of a swanky Honda Element --

给人们画画，和他们聊天，

So that I could go anywhere,

当我注意到路边有个手绘的木头标识。

talk to anyone at any time and then draw and paint and sleep in the back.

上面写着“鞋匠”。

It is very cozy.

I was on the road in Utah,

我停了下来。

一个身材高大、穿着牛仔衬衫、 留着卷胡子的白人男子

drawing and talking to people,

when I spotted on the side of the road a hand-painted wooden sign.

打开门发现了我，

It said "Bootmaker."

一个拿着速写本，穿着连体裤， 大城市里来的左撇子女同性恋，

I stopped.

像一个憨憨一样笑着招手。

A tall, white, handlebar mustached man wearing a cowboy shirt,

（笑声）

opened the door and found me,

当我注意到他身后墙上的美洲豹标本，

a sketchbook-carrying, jumpsuit-wearing, urban, lefty lesbian,

这个素食主义者以为 她知道了关于鞋匠唐（Don）

smiling like, waving like a dork.

她需要知道的一切。

(Laughter)

但我已经到了。

所以我问他能不能稍微 向我展示一下他的手艺。

When I spotted the stuffed cougar on the wall behind him,

this vegetarian thought she knew all she needed to know

他同意了。

结果我们一起度过了一整天，

about Don the bootmaker.

我在唐的工作室里画画时，

But there we were.

他向我说了他的爱妻突然的死亡，

So I asked him if he'd just show me quickly a little bit about his craft.

他深深的悲痛，

He agreed.

And we ended up spending the whole day together,

以及他正在计划的狩猎之旅，

as I drew out Don in his workshop,

and he told me about the sudden death of his beloved wife,

他特别期待能带着自己的儿子一起去。

那家店里的每件工具都有一个故事。

about his deep, deep grief,

他真的特别、特别开心，

and about this hunting trip that he was planning,

能和一个真正好奇、 感兴趣的人分享这些事。

and so looking forward to taking with his son.

Every tool in that shop held a story.

那天结束的时候，

唐和我看待彼此的眼光已经大不相同了。

And he was so, so happy

to share it with somebody who was genuinely curious and interested.

然后这幅画，

最终出现在《纽约时报》 我的视觉专栏里，

唐喜欢称之为报道假新闻的媒体——

By the end of the day,

（笑声）

Don and I looked very different to one another.

现在挂在他纪念品陈列室的墙上。

And this drawing,

which ended up in my visual column in the New York Times

（笑声）

or as Don likes to call it, the fake-news media --

（掌声）

(Laughter)

当我正准备开始一个新的故事时，

now hangs framed on the wall of his big game trophy room.

疫情爆发了。

一夜之间，我变得无法工作， 与很多其他人一样。

(Laughter)

(Applause)

我妈就建议我教孩子们画画。

So I was getting ready to start on a new drawn story

when the pandemic hit.

And overnight I was, like so many people, just unable to do my job.

即将失去正常生活的孩子们，

被困在家里，

并且给他们的父母提供短暂的休息。

It was my own mother who suggested that I teach drawing to kids.

虽然我是一名接受过 正式训练的社会工作者，

但我以前从没教过孩子。

Kids who were about to lose their routines,

但是在旧金山学校即将停学的前一天晚上，

be stuck at home,

and to help give parents a much needed short break.

我登上 Instagram ，

并宣布要尝试一个叫“一起来画画” （Draw Together）的活动。

Now I'm trained as a social worker,

but I'd never taught kids before.

But the night before school closures in San Francisco,

明天上午十点开始。

我坐在我工作室里的画桌后面，

I went on Instagram

and announced that the next day we'd try something called DrawTogether.

我的老婆把手机摄像头对准我，

然后按下了直播键。

我以为顶多 100 个孩子参加，

10 am.

I sat behind my drawing table in my home studio

结果一共来了 12000 个孩子。

他们都想画一只狗。

and my wonderful wife pointed an iPhone at me

and pressed "Go live."

第二天，

And what I thought would be 100 kids,

来了 14000 个孩子，

ended up being 12,000.

我们画了一棵树，

还有你们刚刚做过的那个绘画练习。

All eager to draw a dog.

本来是每天五分钟， 一共五天的活动

The next day,

14,000 kids came

变成了每天 30 分钟，

and we drew a tree,

一周五天，

and that drawing exercise that you all just did.

持续了好几个月。

我们教了线条和形状

What was supposed to be five minutes for five days,

我们学会了透视

和光与影。

ended up being 30 minutes a day,

但真正发生的，

five days a week,

for months.

是我们通过专心观察， 一起度过了一场全球性的灾难。

And yeah, we talked about line and shape

and we learned about perspective

and light and shadow.

你看，画画能让我们慢下来。

But what was really going on

was we were actively looking our way through a global catastrophe together.

它让我们的手保持移动

能让我们注意到

我们容易忽略的东西。

See, drawing slows us down.

研究表明，绘画是帮助

It keeps our hands moving

孩子处理情绪最有效的方法之一，

so we can pay attention to things

that we usually overlook or that we ignore.

其中包括心理创伤。

它能帮助我们说出困难的事情。

Studies show that drawing is one of the most effective ways

我们在“一起来画画”中会说这样一句， 虽然听起来很肉麻，但是真实的。

for kids to process their emotions,

去画就是去看，

and that includes trauma.

而去看就是去爱。

It helps us talk about hard things.

如果我们能给孩子们提供 合适的、鼓励他们的环境，

We say something in DrawTogether, it sounds hokey, but it is true.

绘画能助他们放开对完美主义的执念 以及对失败的恐惧，

Drawing is looking

and looking is loving.

能让他们，不像你和我，

尤其是我们这些， 当我之前说要画画的时候

If we can give kids the right supportive environment,

感到紧张、害怕的人。

drawing helps them let go of perfectionism and fear of failure

我们可以放下这些严格的自我判断，

so that they, unlike you and me,

and especially those of us who might have freaked out just a wee bit

这样才不需要在以后的生活中改掉它们。

when I said earlier we were going to draw, right?

OK，我并不是希望在座的各位成为画家。

We can let go of these harder self-judgments

但我知道所有人， 孩子、大人、这里的每一位，

so we don't have to undo them later in life.

都可以更好地去观察。

OK, I don't expect you all to become drawers.

因为这不是一张脸。

当我们像这幅画一样生活时，

But I do know that all of us, kids, grownups, everyone in this room,

我们会错过这世界所有的深度和细节

we can all be better at looking.

以及我们周围的人。

Because this is not a face.

这是一张脸。

And when we live like this drawing,

这也是一张脸。

we miss out on all of the depth and detail of the world

然后这，这是一张不得了的脸。

（笑声）

and people around us.

这些，都是面孔。

This is a face.

And this is a face.

如果你慢下来，我保证，

And that is such a face.

集中注意去看、去观察。

(Laughs)

你会再次爱上这个世界， 以及其中的每个人。

And these are faces.

And if you slow down, I promise,

在过去的这几年里，

pay attention and really look.

我想我们都迫切地需要 一个机会来仔细地看看对方，

You will fall back in love with the world and everyone in it.

来看看自己，

并说出我们真正看到的。

And after the past few years we've had,

I think we all desperately need a chance to look closely at one another

谢谢。

（掌声）

and at ourselves,

and tell the real truth about what we see.

Thank you.

(Applause)