Wendy MacNaughton: The art of paying attention | TED

譯者: Lilian Chiu 審譯者: Val Zhang

All right, I'm going to go out on a limb here.

我要開門見山地分享異見。

I'm going to say that every single one of us in this room

我假設在座的各位，

made drawings when we were little.

在小時候都會畫畫。

Yes?

對吧？

Yes? OK.

好。

And maybe around the age of like, four or five or something like that,

也許四、五歲時，

you might have been drawing,

你正在畫畫，

and a grown-up came over and looked over your shoulder and said,

一位大人探頭看向你的畫，

"What's that?"

問到：「那是什麼？」

And you said, "It's a face."

你說：「這是張臉。」

And they said,

大人說：

"That's not really what a face looks like.

「這不像臉。

This is what a face looks like."

臉應該像這樣。」接著畫了這個：

And they proceeded to draw this.

Circle, two almonds for some eyes,

一個大圓圈，兩顆杏仁當眼睛，

this upside-down seven situation we have here,

以這個鼻子為例，是倒「7」，

and then a curved line.

接著，一條曲線。

But guess what?

但，你猜怎麼著?

This doesn't really look that much like a face, OK?

這其實沒有很像臉。

It's an icon.

這是個圖示。

It's visual shorthand,

是簡化過的圖像，

這是如今我們觀察多數事物的方式。

and it's how we look at so much of our world today.

See, we have so much information coming at us all the time,

資訊爆炸，

that our brains literally can't process it,

大腦確實無法處理這資訊量，

and we fill in the world with patterns.

故我們試圖將所見歸類。

Much of what we see is our own expectations.

我們所看到的，

多半來自我們的預設。

All right.

好的。

在此分享個訣竅，

I'm going to show you a little trick

to rewire your brain into looking again.

讓大腦能夠重新去看。

Did you all get an envelope that says "do not open" on it?

你們都有拿到寫著 「別打開」的信封嗎？

Grab that envelope, it's time to open it.

拿起信封，開信時間到了！

Inside should be a piece of paper and a pencil.

裡面應該有紙和鉛筆。

Once you have that all prepped,

都準備好之後，

please turn to somebody next to you.

請轉向你旁邊的人。 最好是陌生人。

Ideally, somebody you don't know.

Yeah, we're doing this, people,

是的，各位，我們真的要這樣做。

we're doing this.

(Laughs)

（笑）

Great.

很好。

Everybody find a partner?

大家都有搭擋了嗎？

OK, now look back at me.

好，現在看回來我這邊。

OK, now look back at me.

You are going to draw each other, OK?

你們要畫彼此。

No, no, no, no, wait, wait, wait, wait.

不，等等。

I promise this is not about doing a good drawing, OK?

我保證，重點不是要畫得好，好嗎？

That's not what we're doing here,

那不是我們要做的， 我們要看，重點是看。

we're looking, this is about looking.

大家都會畫得很爛， 我保證，別擔心。

Everybody's going to be terrible, I promise, don't worry.

畫彼此時，要遵守兩條原則：

You're going to draw each other with two very simple rules.

第一：筆尖不能離開紙面。

One, you are never going to lift your pencil up off the paper.

One continuous line.

用一條連續的線。相信我。

No, no, trust me here.

This is about looking, OK?

重點是看，好嗎？

一條連續線，筆尖不離紙。

So one continuous line never lift the pencil.

Number two,

第二：絕對絕對不要

never, ever, ever look down at the paper you're drawing on, OK?

低頭看畫紙，好嗎？

Yes, it's about looking.

是的，重點是看。所以， 持續看著你畫的對象。

So keep looking at the person you're drawing.

Now put your pencil down in the middle of the paper, OK?

現在將筆放於紙中央。好嗎？

Look up at your partner.

看著你的搭擋。看進他的眼眸。

Look at the inside of one of their eyes.

Doesn't matter which one.

哪隻眼睛都行。這是你的起點。

That's where you're going to start.

準備好了嗎？深呼吸。

Ready?

Deep breath.

（吸氣）

(Inhales)

And begin.

開始。

Now, just draw but notice where you are,

只管畫，但注意你在看哪，

you're starting there and you see there is a corner,

從起點看見轉角，也許有條曲線，

maybe there's a curve there.

注意微小的線條、睫毛。

Notice those little lines, the eyelashes.

People are wearing masks, some aren't, just work with that.

有人戴口罩，有人沒有，只管去畫。

Now just go slow.

慢慢來。

Pay attention and draw what you see.

注意看，畫出你所看見的。

And don't look down.

且別向下看。

Just keep going.

繼續畫。

(Murmuring)

（低語聲）

And just five more seconds.

再五秒鐘。

And stop.

停。

Look down at your beautiful drawings.

低頭看看你美麗的畫。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

Right?

對吧？

Show your partner their incredible portrait.

給你的搭擋看看他們的美妙畫像。

It's so good, right?

很棒，對吧？

I want to see them.

我也想看！大家能把畫舉起來嗎？

Hold them up.

Can you guys hold them up?

Hold up, everybody.

大家都舉起來。

Oh my gosh.

我的天。

Are you kidding me?

你們在開玩笑嗎？

You all are amazing.

你們都好棒。

OK, you can put your drawings back down,

好了，可以把畫放下來了，

tuck them under,

put them on the paper.

跟紙一起收好。

很美好，對吧？是畫得很爛，

That was wonderful.

I mean, they're all terrible, but they're wonderful.

但很美好。為什麼很美好？

Why are they wonderful?

Because you all just drew a face.

因為你們都畫了一張臉。

You drew what you saw.

你們畫下親眼所見， 而非畫下對臉的預設。

You didn't draw what you think a face looks like, right?

You also just did something that people rarely do.

你們剛也做了件人們鮮少做的事。

You just made intimate eye-to-eye,

你們剛進行了親密的眼對眼、

face-to-face contact with someone without shying away

面對面接觸，且沒因害羞而閃避，

for almost a minute.

持續了近一分鐘。

Through drawing, you slowed down,

透過畫畫，你們慢下來了，

you paid attention,

你們付出注意力，

you looked closely at someone

你們仔細地去看一個人，

and you let them look closely at you.

也讓對方仔細地看自己。

Good job.

做得好。

I have found that drawing like this

我發現這種繪畫方式，

creates an immediate connection like nothing else.

能馬上創造連結， 是其他方式所不能比擬的。

Alright.

好的。

So I call myself an illustrator and a graphic journalist.

我自稱為插畫家

及圖文記者。

I draw, I tell stories.

我畫圖，我說故事， 我花時間觀察人群。

I spend time with people looking and listening.

And I take the words of the people that I speak with

我將訪談對象所說的話

and I put it together with drawings that I do, mostly from life,

結合畫作，題材多半來自生活， 正如你們剛所做的。

just like you all just did.

I found that drawing like this does a lot of things

我發現這種繪畫方式，

無法全然被攝影取代。

that photography can't do.

So when somebody points a camera at you, how do you feel?

當有人拿相機對著你，感覺如何？

A little objectified, right?

有點被物化了，對吧？

When I'm drawing, I hold my sketchbook low

我畫畫時會把素描本放低，

and it keeps an open channel between me and the person I'm drawing.

這讓我和被描繪的對象 之間，保有交流的管道。

A lot of time somebody will see me drawing and they'll get curious.

常有人看到我在畫畫，會好奇地走來，

They'll come over to me,

and a real, authentic conversation begins.

一場真實誠摯的對話就此展開。

Let me give you an example.

讓我舉個例。

So a while back,

前陣子，

I wanted to do a drawn story

我想做篇圖畫報導，

about how the public library serves our elders.

主題是：公立圖書館如何服務長者。

But after spending a few days kind of lurking around with a sketch pad,

但花了幾天，拿著繪圖板四處潛伏，

looking over older folks' shoulders and asking them what they were reading,

從長者背後瞄去， 問他們在讀什麼，

我沒找到想報導的故事。

I wasn't really getting the story.

Until I stumbled upon Leah.

直到我巧遇莉亞。

Leah is the first, and at the time was the only, full-time social worker

莉亞是全國第一位，也是當時唯一的

圖書館專職社工。

dedicated to a library in the nation.

Turns out, public library definitely serves our elders.

公立圖書館的確為長者服務。

It is also a social service epicenter of a city.

它也是城市的社會服務中心。

This is Charles.

這位是查爾斯，他與莉亞共事。

Charles works with Leah.

And he does outreach within the library to folks

他在圖書館負責延伸服務，

對象是目前無家可歸的人。

who are experiencing homelessness.

And he took me around,

他帶我參觀，我帶著繪圖板，

I carried my sketch pad and I was drawing everything I saw,

畫下所見一切，

and he showed me a very different library than I'd previously seen.

他讓我看見截然不同的圖書館面貌。

So computers that I assumed were for checking-out books,

我設想電腦是用來

借書或收電子郵件的，

or, you know, looking at emails,

were in fact a lifeline for folks who are searching for jobs and housing.

對找工作和房子的人而言， 電腦其實是生命線。

The sinks in the public restroom,

公共廁所的洗手槽，

they are a laundromat and showers for folks who are sleeping on the street.

街友靠它們來自助洗衣、洗澡。

A library is a safe, quiet place

圖書館是安全、寧靜的地方，

where anybody can go and find resources

任何人都可以去找資源，

and rest for free.

去休息，且完全免費。

See, the moment I stopped looking for the story that I expected to see,

當放下尋找──我預設會看見的故事時，

an entirely new and richer truth was revealed.

嶄新且更為豐富的 事實便揭露在我眼前。

I found this to be true with everything and everyone I've ever drawn.

這個通則對我畫過的人事物皆成立。

OK, so I draw from life, right, like you guys did.

我從生活取材，就像各位剛才做的，

And so I built myself a mobile studio

我為自己打造了間行動工作室，

in the back of a swanky Honda Element --

在一台時髦的本田 Element 車的後座。

So that I could go anywhere,

這樣我就能到任何地方， 在任何時間和任何人交談，

talk to anyone at any time and then draw and paint and sleep in the back.

然後在後座畫畫和睡覺。

It is very cozy.

非常舒適。

I was on the road in Utah,

有次我在猶他州的路上， 畫畫並與人交談，

drawing and talking to people,

when I spotted on the side of the road a hand-painted wooden sign.

我注意到在路邊 有個手繪的木製招牌。

It said "Bootmaker."

上面寫著「靴匠」。

我停下來。

I stopped.

A tall, white, handlebar mustached man wearing a cowboy shirt,

有位高大、白人、

穿著牛仔衫、留著兩撇鬍子男子，

opened the door and found me,

他打開門，看到我──

a sketchbook-carrying, jumpsuit-wearing, urban, lefty lesbian,

帶著素描簿、穿著連身服的

都會左撇子女同志， 像蠢蛋一樣微笑揮手。

smiling like, waving like a dork.

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

When I spotted the stuffed cougar on the wall behind him,

當我注意到他身後 牆上的填充美洲獅，

this vegetarian thought she knew all she needed to know

這位素食者自認為：

她已經知道靴匠老唐的一切。

about Don the bootmaker.

But there we were.

但既來之…。

So I asked him if he'd just show me quickly a little bit about his craft.

所以我問他：

是否願為我簡介他的工藝品。

He agreed.

他同意了。

And we ended up spending the whole day together,

結果我們整天都待在一起，

as I drew out Don in his workshop,

當我在工作坊，畫著老唐時，

and he told me about the sudden death of his beloved wife,

他告訴我其愛妻的驟逝，

about his deep, deep grief,

他深切的悲慟，

and about this hunting trip that he was planning,

也告訴我計畫中的打獵行程，

並期待能與兒子同行。

and so looking forward to taking with his son.

Every tool in that shop held a story.

工作坊中的每件工具都有故事。

And he was so, so happy

他很高興

to share it with somebody who was genuinely curious and interested.

能和真正好奇、感興趣的人分享。

By the end of the day,

那天結束時，老唐和我，

Don and I looked very different to one another.

眼中的彼此都不同了。

And this drawing,

這成為我的圖畫專欄刊於《紐約時報》，

which ended up in my visual column in the New York Times

or as Don likes to call it, the fake-news media --

或老唐喜歡稱之為──假新聞媒體，

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

now hangs framed on the wall of his big game trophy room.

現在這圖被裱框 掛在他的狩獵品展間。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

(Applause)

（掌聲）

So I was getting ready to start on a new drawn story

我本已準備開始新的圖畫報導，

when the pandemic hit.

疫情卻爆發了。

And overnight I was, like so many people, just unable to do my job.

一夕之間，

我和很多人一樣無法工作了。

It was my own mother who suggested that I teach drawing to kids.

正是我的母親

提議我去教孩子畫畫。

Kids who were about to lose their routines,

那些不能照常生活 的孩子，得待在家裡，

be stuck at home,

and to help give parents a much needed short break.

我能給家長極需的短暫喘息。

Now I'm trained as a social worker,

我受過社工的訓練，

but I'd never taught kids before.

但我從來沒有教過孩子。

But the night before school closures in San Francisco,

但在舊金山學校關閉的前一晚，

I went on Instagram

我上了 IG，宣佈隔天起

and announced that the next day we'd try something called DrawTogether.

我們要來嘗試這個活動： 「DrawTogether（一起畫畫）」

10 am.

早上十點。

I sat behind my drawing table in my home studio

我在家中的工作室，坐在繪圖桌前，

and my wonderful wife pointed an iPhone at me

我的神隊友用 iPhone 拍我，

and pressed "Go live."

按下「直播」。

And what I thought would be 100 kids,

我原以為會有一百個孩子，

ended up being 12,000.

結果有一萬兩千個。

All eager to draw a dog.

全都渴望畫隻狗。

The next day,

隔天，

14,000 kids came

來了一萬四千個孩子，

and we drew a tree,

我們畫了棵樹，

and that drawing exercise that you all just did.

還有各位剛才做的繪畫練習。

What was supposed to be five minutes for five days,

本來預計是

每天五分鐘，總共五天，

ended up being 30 minutes a day,

結果變成每天三十分鐘，

five days a week,

一週五天，

for months.

持續了數個月。

And yeah, we talked about line and shape

是的，我們會討論：線條和形狀，

and we learned about perspective

我們也會學習：透視、光與影。

and light and shadow.

But what was really going on

但我們真正在做的是：

was we were actively looking our way through a global catastrophe together.

一同用積極的眼光

看見渡過全球性災難的方法。

See, drawing slows us down.

畫畫讓我們慢下來。

It keeps our hands moving

畫畫讓我們的手在動，

so we can pay attention to things

讓我們能注意到一些事物，

that we usually overlook or that we ignore.

也許常被忽略或忽視的。

Studies show that drawing is one of the most effective ways

研究顯示，畫畫是孩子排解情緒，

for kids to process their emotions,

最有效的方式之一，

and that includes trauma.

包括排解創傷。

It helps us talk about hard things.

畫畫協助我們談論難以啟齒的話題。

We say something in DrawTogether, it sounds hokey, but it is true.

我們在 DrawTogether 常說──

聽起來可能做作，卻是真的──

Drawing is looking

去畫就是去看，

and looking is loving.

而去看就是去愛。

If we can give kids the right supportive environment,

若我們能給孩子良好的支持環境，

drawing helps them let go of perfectionism and fear of failure

畫畫能協助他們放下 完美主義及對失敗的恐懼，

so that they, unlike you and me,

這麼一來，他們就不會像你和我，

and especially those of us who might have freaked out just a wee bit

特別是先前當我說要畫畫時，

when I said earlier we were going to draw, right?

就稍微嚇到的人。

We can let go of these harder self-judgments

我們能現在就放下嚴厲的自我評斷，

so we don't have to undo them later in life.

而不用在往後才嘗試面對修補。

OK, I don't expect you all to become drawers.

我不期待各位都成為插畫家。

But I do know that all of us, kids, grownups, everyone in this room,

但我知道，我們所有人，

包括孩子、成人、這裡的每個人，

we can all be better at looking.

我們都能「看」得更好。

Because this is not a face.

因為，這不是人臉。

And when we live like this drawing,

若我們將生命過得像這張圖，

we miss out on all of the depth and detail of the world

我們就錯過了世界的 各種深度和細節，

and people around us.

及我們週遭的人。

This is a face.

這是張臉。

And this is a face.

這也是張臉。

And that is such a face.

這更是好一張臉。（笑）

(Laughs)

And these are faces.

這些都是臉。

And if you slow down, I promise,

如果你慢下來，我保證，

pay attention and really look.

專注、用心地去看，

You will fall back in love with the world and everyone in it.

你會重新愛上這個世界，

及世上的每個人。

And after the past few years we've had,

經歷了過去這幾年，

I think we all desperately need a chance to look closely at one another

我想我們都迫切需要一個機會，

仔細看看彼此，

and at ourselves,

以及看看自己，

and tell the real truth about what we see.

並說出我們真正所見。

Thank you.

謝謝。

(Applause)

（掌聲）