A vehicle built in Africa, for Africa | Joel Jackson

翻译人员: Sylvia He 校对人员: Daisy Ma

Imagine if your daily commute involved tens of kilometers

来想象一下，你每天上下班要在

on these kinds of roads,

这种路上开数十公里，

driving this kind of vehicle,

你开的车是这样质量的车，

without any nearby service stations or breakdown assistance.

而且路上没有任何服务站或者修车站。

For millions of drivers in many parts of Africa, this is the norm.

这其实对几百万非洲车主来说， 最平常不过了。

Since over 90 percent of passenger cars are imported,

他们用的车里超过 90% 的是进口车，

often used,

常常是二手车，

they're just not designed for local usage.

不是为当地用途而设计的。

High import duties often compound the problem,

进口税常使问题更严重，

sometimes doubling the price of a car.

因为有时进口税和车价一样。

So most vehicles are either too expensive or too unreliable

所以大多的车

for the average consumer.

对一般的消费者来说不是 太贵就是太不可靠。

Well-designed vehicles are only part of the transport challenge, though.

车的设计只是交通运输的众多挑战之一。

For every 100 adults in Africa,

在非洲， 有车族只占

less than five people actually own a vehicle.

成人人口的 5%。

Public transport is available,

公共交通是另外一个选择。

and in countries like Kenya, it's often run by local entrepreneurs

在肯尼亚等国家， 公共交通是由私营企业

using minivans like this.

用这样的面包车运作的。

But in most rural and peri-urban areas,

但在大多数农村和市郊，

it's fragmented and unreliable.

公共交通是支零破碎和不可靠的。

In more remote areas without transport,

更偏远的地方完全没有公共交通，

people have to walk, typically tens of kilometers,

人们只能走多至数十公里去

to get to school or collect clean drinking water

去上学或者取食用水

or buy supplies from nearby markets.

或者买日用品。

Bad roads, disparate communities, low average income levels

路况糟糕，居住区分散，人均收入低，

and inadequate vehicles

还有质量差的车辆

all impair the transport system

都在削弱整个运输系统

and ultimately constrain economic output.

并让经济产量止步不前。

Despite this constraint, the Pan-African economy is booming.

尽管这样，非洲的经济还是日益繁荣。

Combined GDP is already over two trillion dollars.

This is a massive commercial and social opportunity,

非洲是一个很巨大的经济和社会机会。

not a helpless continent.

不是一个无助的大陆。

So why isn't there already something better?

那为什么它的运输系统仍没有改善呢？

Around the world, automotive is quarter the manufacturing sector.

汽车工业占了全世界制造业的四分之一。

But in Africa, it's generally been overlooked by carmakers,

但是汽车公司很少考虑非洲，

who are focused on larger, established markets

更多的时候他们都在关注 已经建立起来的市场，

and emerging economies like India and China.

和印度和中国这些新兴经济。

This lack of industrialization,

非洲本身缺少工业化，

which itself creates a vicious-cycle barrier to the emergence of industry,

而工业化又是向新兴经济发展 必走的一步，

has caused the dependence on imports.

所以形成了依赖进口车的恶性循环。

There is a supply-demand disconnect,

供和求的断开了，

with the vast majority of automotive spending on the continent today,

过多的资源被用于购买进口车

essentially funding an international network of car exporters

和发展车进口商的国际网络，

instead of fueling the growth of local industry.

而不是用于帮助本地工业的发展。

It's entirely possible to solve this disconnect, though,

这个供和求的断开是可以解决的，

starting with products that people actually want.

由开发人们真正需要的产品开始。

And this is what motivated me to start Mobius,

这就是我创立 Mobius 的动力，

to build a vehicle in Africa, for Africa.

在非洲制造非洲需要的车。

To us, this meant reimagining the car around the needs of the consumer,

这意味着围绕着消费者的需要 重新设计一辆车。

simplifying nonessential features like interior fixtures

简化不必要的产品特征， 比如车内的装修，

and investing in performance-critical systems like suspension

和重点投资性能系统， 比如悬架，

to create durable and affordable vehicles

以此目的制造出

built for purpose.

耐用和经济的车。

And built for purpose is exactly where we started

以此目的我们

with our first-generation model, Mobius II,

开发出了第一代产品， Mobius II，

which was designed as a really rugged, low-cost SUV,

产品的定位是价位低，牢靠的 ，

able to handle heavy loads and rough terrain reliably.

能够应付糟糕的路况和崎岖的地形的SUV。

This launched in 2015,

这个车在2015年上市。

and we've now developed the next-generation version

基于顾客的反馈，

based on customer feedback.

我们已经开发了第二代的产品。

For high stress and heavy loading,

为了更好地应付高压和重负，

we engineered a sturdy steel space frame.

我们开发了一个更稳固的框架。

To handle acute vibration from rough roads,

为了让车更好地应付崎岖的道路 引起的震动，

we ruggedized the suspension.

我们加固了悬架。

For potholes and uneven terrain, high ground clearance was a no-brainer.

由于地面普遍坑洼， 车的高度必须调高。

And to make this something customers could actually be proud to drive in,

还要让顾客开车时有自豪感，

we designed an aspirational body aesthetic.

我们为车设计了适合 仰慕群体的美学的外形。

Underpinning all of this, we simplified or eliminated components

从根本上， 我们尽量简化和 取消了很多部分，

like parking sensors and automatic windows

比如停车传感器和自动车窗。

wherever we could,

为了就是

to keep costs low

把成本降到最低，

and sell this at half the price of a five-year-old SUV in Kenya today.

和把价位定到一辆有五年车龄 旧车的价格的一半。

The new --

新的

(Applause)

（掌声）

The new Mobius II launches in 2018.

第二代车将在2018 上市。

And while durable, affordable vehicles like this are vital,

性能和价位很重要，

a broader solution to immobility needs to go further.

但我们需要拓展 我们解决交通问题的方式。

Over the last decade,

过去十年里，

a transport-centric, shared economy has connected people across Africa

一个以交通为中心的分享经济开始

with minivans, auto rickshaws and sedans.

用面包车，自动人力车和轿子 把全非洲的人连接。

It's just not operated very effectively or efficiently.

但它在运作上并无多大成效。

Enabling better access to transport is all about strengthening

让人们更方便地使用交通工具，

this public transit network,

就需要加强这个公共交通网络

empowering local entrepreneurs who already offer similar services

使当地的提供

in their communities

相似服务的创业者

to operate these services more profitably and more widely.

获得更高的利润和开拓业务。

With this aim, we're taking human-centered design a step further

以这个为目标， 我们把以人为中心的设计推进一步，

and developing a transport platform model,

成立了一个

which enables owners to plug in different modules,

让车主即插即用的交通平台，

like a goods cage or ambulance unit,

比如载货车或者救护车，

and run other services like goods delivery or medical transport,

或者提供其他送货和医疗运输的服务，

as well as public transport.

和公共交通。

Transportation services like this are the fundamental driver

这种交通服务是

of logistics, trade, social services,

后勤， 商业， 社会服务，

access to education, health care and employment.

教育， 医疗和就业的基本。

The transportation grid to physical economies

运输网络对物质经济

is akin to the internet to virtual economies.

如同互联网对虚拟经济。

And the impact of increased mobility is only part of the potential here.

增加的可动性只是潜力的一部分。

Since the late 1700s, the Industrial Revolution has catapulted

从18 世纪末期起，工业革命已经

推动了全世界的经济的发展。

the development of economies around the world

into thriving societies.

Today, manufacturing is still the engine of economic growth and stability,

现在，制造业仍旧是 经济发展和稳定的引擎，

even as new technologies have inevitably transformed the way we live.

尽管新技术已经 改变我们的生活方式。

Making stuff is important,

制造业很重要，

especially for nation-states wanting to boost employment,

尤其对一个需要增加就业率的

increase skills and reduce import dependence.

增加国民技术， 减少对进口物资的依赖的国家而言。

But while few countries can skip this industrialized stage,

虽然少数国家可以 完全跳过工业化的阶段，

many have negligible manufacturing output.

很多国家的制造业有微不足道的产量。

There are various reasons for this,

原因有很多，

but one reason is universal: hardware is hard.

当一个普遍的原因是，硬件是很难的。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

So what are the challenges to industry, and how are we approaching them?

那么对工业的挑战有哪些， 而我们应该如何应对？

The first issue many people think of is a lack of skilled labor.

人们首先会想到技术工的短缺。

In areas where access to good primary and secondary education are limited

在小学和中学教育有限的，

and employment opportunities are scarce,

和就业机会不足的地方，

a small skill base is inevitable.

技术工基础过小是不可避免的。

But that doesn't mean it's immutable.

但这不是不可改变的。

There's an abundance of smart, hardworking and ambitious people in Africa,

很显然，非洲充满了聪明的， 勤劳的，

obviously.

和有雄心的人。

What's really lacking are good jobs

真正短缺的是好的

that offer a path not just to employment but also professional growth.

而且帮助员工成长的工作。

The first person we employed at Mobius over six years ago

六年前，第一个被Mobius 雇佣的

was a mechanic named Kazungu.

人是一个叫 Kazungu 的机械工。

Kazungu had gone to school up to the age of 18

Kazungu在18岁之前一直在读书，

and worked as an odd-job mechanic.

并打机械方面的零工。

Joining the company at the time was a near-vertical learning curve.

在 Mobius，他的学习曲线几乎是直的，

But he rose to the challenge,

但是他成功地应对了挑战，

and with more technical guidance from an expanding engineering team,

在工程队的引导下，

he's grown over the years

他在这几年里

to lead a group of mechanics in R&D prototyping.

发展成了研发样板的机械工队伍领导人。

A thirst for learning and the work ethic to step up to a challenge

对知识的渴望，工作道德和接受挑战

are values we now recruit on.

是我们招聘员工的条件。

Pairing innate values like this with on-the-job training and systems

把这些内在品质和在职培训结合在一起

has strengthened our skill base.

帮助我们增强我们的技术基础。

This works really well on the production line,

这在生产线上有很好的体现，

where work can be systematized around clear procedural instructions

因为工作是系统性地 围绕着清楚的程序进行的，

and then reinforced through training.

和在在职培训里加强的。

In our experience, it is possible to build a skilled workforce,

以我们的经验， 这样我们可以雇佣几百人来

and we plan to hire hundreds more people using this approach.

建造一个有技术的劳工基础。

A second challenge is a lack of suppliers.

第二个问题是，没有供应商。

In countries like Kenya, there are only a handful of automotive suppliers

像肯尼亚这样的国家，

电线束，车座和玻璃供应商只有几个。

manufacturing parts like electrical harnesses, seats and glass.

It's a burgeoning group,

这个群体在萌芽状态，

and without much demand from industry,

但是没有市场的需求，

most of these suppliers have no impetus to grow.

这个群体没有增长的动力。

We've worked hard with a few of them to develop the capacity

我们努力地帮他们扩展他们的容量，

to consistently manufacture components at the quality levels we need,

和改善质量。

like this supplier in Nairobi,

比如这个在内罗毕的供应商，

who are helping to reduce the production cost of metal brackets

我们帮他们减低生产成本，

and improve their ability to build conformant parts

提高他们按照我们的图纸生产

to our engineering drawings.

和规格的零件。

Supply and development is standard practice in automotive globally,

供货和发展是全球汽车 制造业的标准常规，

but it needs to be applied from the ground up

我们需要把它应用到

with a vast majority of local suppliers

大多数的本地供应商上

to properly bolster the ecosystem.

来增强生态系统。

And as production volumes rise, these suppliers can employ more staff,

当产量上升后， 这些供应商会雇佣更多的员工，

invest in better equipment

投资买更好的设备，

and continue to develop new manufacturing techniques

和继续发展新的制造技术，

to further increase output.

以增加产量。

Building up skills and suppliers are not the only hurdles

在地方工业化的期间，

to local industrialization,

我们遇到的阻碍还不止 培养技术和供应商，

but they're good examples of how we think about the challenge.

但是他们是让我们考虑挑战的好例子。

You see, we're not just reimagining the car,

你看，　我们不止于要重新想象车，

we're reimagining our entire value chain.

我们要重新想象整个供应链。

None of this has been easy,

没有一样是容易的，

and we're only just getting started.

而我们才刚刚开始。

But once African industry starts to scale,

非洲工业开始矿大规模后，

the potential is huge.

潜力是很大的。

Better products,

更好的产品，

costing less,

更低的成本，

built locally,

当地生产，

together creating millions of jobs.

制造上百万的就业机会。

Frugal innovation offers a path to economic acceleration

节俭的创新是可以加速

across many industries,

很多工业的增长的，

and the future of this continent depends on it.

而且非洲大陆的未来就靠它了。

The Africa 2.0 I believe in can apply locally relevant design

我相信，非洲2.0　 可以应用到适合每个区域的设计，

and a commitment to solving its industrial challenges

解决工业挑战的承诺，

to create a more connected, more prosperous future,

和建设一个更连接的和更繁荣的未来

not just for the privileged few,

并不只属于有特权的少数人，

but for everyone.

而属于所有人。

Thank you.

谢谢。

(Applause)

（掌声）。