Why governments should prioritize well-being | Nicola Sturgeon

翻译人员: Carol Wang 校对人员: Lipeng Chen

Just over a mile away from here, in Edinburgh's Old Town,

距这里仅一英里多的 爱丁堡的老城区里，

is Panmure House.

坐落着潘摩尔老屋。

Panmure House

潘摩尔老屋

was the home of the world-renowned Scottish economist

是世界著名的苏格兰经济学家

Adam Smith.

亚当·斯密的故居。

In his important work "The Wealth of Nations,"

在他的重要著作《国富论》中，

Adam Smith argued, amongst many other things,

亚当·斯密指出，在诸多事物中，

that the measurement of a country's wealth

衡量一个国家的财富，

was not just its gold and silver reserves.

不仅仅指它的黄金和白银储备，

It was the totality of the country's production and commerce.

而是该国生产和商业的总体情况。

I guess it was one of the earliest descriptions of what we now know today

我想，这是我们现在所知道的

as gross domestic product, GDP.

国内生产总值（GDP）的最早描述之一。

Now, in the years since, of course,

从那时起，

that measurement of production and commerce, GDP,

衡量生产和商业的 GDP，

has become ever more important,

已经变得越来越重要，

to the point that today --

发展到今天——

and I don't believe this is what Adam Smith would have intended --

我不相信这是亚当·斯密的意图——

that it is often seen as the most important measurement

GDP 通常被视为一个国家整体成功的

of a country's overall success.

最重要的衡量标准。

And my argument today is that it is time for that to change.

我今天的论点是，现在是改变的时候了。

You know, what we choose to measure as a country matters.

作为一个国家， 我们选择衡量什么很重要。

It really matters, because it drives political focus,

这真的很重要，因为它推动政治焦点，

it drives public activity.

它推动了公共活动。

And against that context,

在这种背景下，

I think the limitations of GDP as a measurement of a country's success

我认为，将 GDP 作为 一个国家成功的衡量标准，

are all too obvious.

其局限性显而易见。

You know, GDP measures the output of all of our work,

GDP 衡量我们所有生产活动的成果，

but it says nothing about the nature of that work,

但它没有说明这项活动的性质、

about whether that work is worthwhile or fulfilling.

这项工作是否值得做或令人满意。

It puts a value, for example, on illegal drug consumption,

例如，GDP 包含了了非法毒品的消费，

but not on unpaid care.

却没有包含无偿护理的价值。

It values activity in the short term

它重视短期内促进经济的活动，

that boosts the economy, even if that activity is hugely damaging

即使这种活动

to the sustainability of our planet in the longer term.

长期对地球的可持续性造成巨大损害。

And we reflect on the past decade

我们反思过去十年的

of political and economic upheaval,

政治和经济动荡、

of growing inequalities,

不断加剧的不平等现象，

and when we look ahead to the challenges of the climate emergency,

当我们展望气候紧急事件的挑战、

increasing automation,

日益增长的自动化、

an aging population,

人口的老龄化时，

then I think the argument for the case for a much broader definition

我认为，讨论如何更广泛地定义

of what it means to be successful as a country, as a society,

一个国家、一个社会的成功

is compelling, and increasingly so.

正变得越来越迫切。

And that is why Scotland, in 2018,

这正是为何苏格兰

took the lead, took the initiative in establishing a new network

在 2018 年率先采取行动， 率先建立了一个

called the Wellbeing Economy Governments group,

名为福利经济政府团体的新型网络，

bringing together as founding members

将创始成员国苏格兰、冰岛

the countries of Scotland, Iceland and New Zealand, for obvious reasons.

和新西兰聚集在一起， 原因显而易见。

We're sometimes called the SIN countries,

我们有时被称为 SIN 国家，

although our focus is very much on the common good.

尽管我们关注的更多是共同利益。

And the purpose of this group is to challenge that focus

这个团体的目的

on the narrow measurement of GDP.

是挑战对 GDP 的狭隘衡量的关注。

To say that, yes, economic growth matters --

是的，经济增长很重要——

it is important --

它是重要的——

but it is not all that is important.

但它并非是唯一重要的。

And growth in GDP should not be pursued at any or all cost.

不应以任意成本或所有成本 单纯追求 GDP 的增长。

In fact, the argument of that group

事实上，我们的论点是，

is that the goal, the objective of economic policy

经济政策的目的，即目标，

should be collective well-being:

应该是集体福利：

how happy and healthy a population is,

人口的幸福和健康程度，

not just how wealthy a population is.

而不仅仅是人口的富裕程度，

And I'll touch on the policy implications of that in a moment.

我马上就会谈到政策的影响。

But I think, particularly in the world we live in today,

但我认为，特别是 在我们今天生活的世界中，

it has a deeper resonance.

它有更深层次的共鸣。

You know, when we focus on well-being,

当我们关注福利时，

we start a conversation

我们开始了一个

that provokes profound and fundamental questions.

引发深刻和基本问题的对话。

What really matters to us in our lives?

我们生活中真正重要的是什么？

What do we value in the communities we live in?

在所居住的社区中我们重视什么？

What kind of country, what kind of society,

我们真正想成为

do we really want to be?

什么样的国家、什么样的社会？

And when we engage people in those questions,

当我们让人们参与这些问题、

in finding the answers to those questions,

去找出这些问题的答案时，

then I believe that we have a much better chance

我相信我们有更好的机会，

of addressing the alienation and disaffection from politics

去解决当今发达世界中

that is so prevalent in so many countries

众多国家普遍存在的

across the developed world today.

政治异化和不满问题。

In policy terms, this journey for Scotland started back in 2007,

早在 2007 年，苏格兰 在政策方面就开始调整，

when we published what we call our National Performance Framework,

当时我们发布了 所谓的国家绩效框架，

looking at the range of indicators that we measure ourselves against.

着眼于我们衡量的指标范围。

And those indicators are as varied as income inequality,

这些指标与收入不平等、

the happiness of children,

儿童幸福、绿色空间获得、

access to green spaces, access to housing.

住房获得等一样各种各样。

None of these are captured in GDP statistics,

GDP 统计中都没有上述这些，

but they are all fundamental to a healthy and a happy society.

但它们都是健康和幸福社会的基础。

(Applause)

（掌声）

And that broader approach is at the heart of our economic strategy,

而这种更广泛的方法 是我们经济战略的核心，

where we give equal importance to tackling inequality

我们同样重视解决不平等问题，

as we do to economic competitiveness.

就像我们对经济竞争力一样。

It drives our commitment to fair work,

它推动了我们对公平工作的承诺，

making sure that work is fulfilling and well-paid.

确保工作让人满意且收入丰厚。

It's behind our decision to establish a Just Transition Commission

我们决定建立一个公平过渡委员会，

to guide our path to a carbon zero economy.

来指导我们走上零碳经济的道路。

We know from economic transformations of the past

我们从过去的经济转型中知道，

that if we're not careful, there are more losers than winners.

如果我们不小心的话， 那么失败者就会比赢家更多。

And as we face up to the challenges of climate change and automation,

当我们面对气候变化和自动化的挑战时，

we must not make those mistakes again.

我们决不能再犯这些错误。

The work we're doing here in Scotland is, I think, significant,

我认为，我们在苏格兰 所做的工作很重要，

but we have much, much to learn from other countries.

但我们有很多东西 要向其他国家学习。

I mentioned, a moment ago, our partner nations

就在刚才，我提到了

in the Wellbeing network:

我们在福利网络中的伙伴国家：

Iceland and New Zealand.

冰岛和新西兰。

It's worth noting, and I'll leave it to you to decide whether this is relevant or not,

值得注意的是，我将它留给你们 来决定这是否相关，

that all three of these countries are currently led by women.

这三个国家目前都由女性领导。

(Applause)

（掌声）

They, too, are doing great work.

她们也做得很好。

New Zealand, in 2019, publishing its first Wellbeing Budget,

新西兰于 2019 年发布了 第一份福利预算案，

with mental health at its heart;

其核心是心理健康；

Iceland leading the way on equal pay, childcare and paternity rights --

冰岛在同工同酬、儿童保育 和养育权利方面处于领先地位——

not policies that we immediately think of

这并非我们在谈论创造富裕经济时

when we talk about creating a wealthy economy,

立即想到的政策，

but policies that are fundamental to a healthy economy

而是对健康经济

and a happy society.

和幸福社会至关重要的政策。

I started with Adam Smith and "The Wealth of Nations."

我是从亚当·斯密 和《国富论》开始演讲的，

In Adam Smith's earlier work, "The Theory of Moral Sentiments,"

在我认为同样重要的 亚当·斯密的早期的作品

which I think is just as important,

《道德情操论》中，

he made the observation that the value of any government

他观察到，

is judged in proportion

任何政府的价值

to the extent that it makes its people happy.

都与其使人民幸福的程度成正比。

I think that is a good founding principle

我认为，对于任何一个 致力于促进福祉的国家来说，

for any group of countries focused on promoting well-being.

这都是一个很好的基本原则。

None of us have all of the answers,

没人知道所有问题的答案，

not even Scotland, the birthplace of Adam Smith.

甚至连亚当·斯密的出生地 苏格兰也没有。

But in the world we live in today, with growing divides and inequalities,

但是，在我们今天生活的世界中，

with disaffection and alienation,

随着分歧和不平等的增加、不满和异化，

it is more important than ever

比以往任何时候都更重要的是，

that we ask and find the answers to those questions

我们要求并找到那些问题的答案，

and promote a vision of society

并促进以福利为核心的社会愿景，

that has well-being, not just wealth, at its very heart.

而不仅仅是财富。

(Applause)

（掌声）

You are right now in the beautiful, sunny capital city ...

您现在正处于美丽、 阳光明媚的首都……

(Laughter)

（笑声）

of the country that led the world in the Enlightenment,

领导世界启蒙运动的国家的首都，

the country that helped lead the world into the industrial age,

在这个帮助世界进入工业时代的国家，

the country that right now is helping to lead the world

现在正帮助世界

into the low carbon age.

进入低碳时代的国家。

I want, and I'm determined, that Scotland will also be the country

我想要，而且我已下定决心，

that helps change the focus of countries and governments across the world

苏格兰将成为帮助世界各国 和政府将关注点

to put well-being at the heart of everything that we do.

改为以福利为所做一切的核心的国家，

I think we owe that to this generation.

我想为了当代人，我们应当这么做。

I certainly believe we owe that to the next generation

我当然相信为了下一代人， 我们也应当这么做，

and all those that come after us.

还有我们身后的世世代代。

And if we do that, led here from the country of the Enlightenment,

如果我们这样做， 由启蒙运动的国家带领，

then I think we create a better, healthier, fairer

那么我认为，我们会在国内创造一个

and happier society here at home.

更好、更健康、更公平和更幸福的社会。

And we play our part in Scotland

我们也在苏格兰发挥自己的作用，

in building a fairer, happier world as well.

建立一个更公平、更幸福的世界。

Thank you very much.

谢谢！

(Applause)

（掌声）