Why governments should prioritize well-being | Nicola Sturgeon

譯者: Lilian Chiu 審譯者: Carol Wang

Just over a mile away from here, in Edinburgh's Old Town,

離這裡大約一英里， 在愛丁堡的舊城裡，

is Panmure House.

有一間房子叫潘穆爾之家。

Panmure House

潘穆爾之家

was the home of the world-renowned Scottish economist

是世界知名的

蘇格蘭經濟學家亞當史密斯的故居。

Adam Smith.

In his important work "The Wealth of Nations,"

在他的重要著作《國富論》當中，

Adam Smith argued, amongst many other things,

亞當史密斯的主張之一就是

that the measurement of a country's wealth

國家財富的衡量標準

was not just its gold and silver reserves.

並不只是它所保有的金子和銀子。

It was the totality of the country's production and commerce.

國家的生產及商業全都包含在內。

I guess it was one of the earliest descriptions of what we now know today

我想，這是關於現在所謂的 國內生產總值（GDP）

as gross domestic product, GDP.

最早的描述之一。

Now, in the years since, of course,

當然，從那之後開始，

that measurement of production and commerce, GDP,

生產和商業的衡量標準， 即國內生產總值，

has become ever more important,

就變得更加重要了，

to the point that today --

重要的程度到了——我並不認為 這是亞當史密斯的本意——

and I don't believe this is what Adam Smith would have intended --

that it is often seen as the most important measurement

現在它通常都被視為是

國家整體成功的最重要衡量標準。

of a country's overall success.

And my argument today is that it is time for that to change.

今天，我的論點是： 該是改變的時候了。

You know, what we choose to measure as a country matters.

要知道，我們選擇用來衡量 國家的測量標準是很重要的。

It really matters, because it drives political focus,

真的很重要，因為 它會影響政治的焦點，

it drives public activity.

影響公眾活動。

And against that context,

在這樣的情況下，

I think the limitations of GDP as a measurement of a country's success

我認為，用國內生產總值 來衡量國家的成功，

are all too obvious.

很明顯是非常局限的。

You know, GDP measures the output of all of our work,

要知道，國內生產總值 測量的是我們所有工作的產出，

but it says nothing about the nature of that work,

但它完全沒有提到 那些工作的本質是什麼、

about whether that work is worthwhile or fulfilling.

那些工作是否值得或讓人滿足。

It puts a value, for example, on illegal drug consumption,

比如，它賦予非法毒品的消費價值，

but not on unpaid care.

但不給無報酬的照護價值。

It values activity in the short term

它重視能夠促進經濟的短期活動，

that boosts the economy, even if that activity is hugely damaging

即使那些活動會大大損害

to the sustainability of our planet in the longer term.

長期來看的地球永續性。

And we reflect on the past decade

我們反思過去十年

of political and economic upheaval,

在政治和經濟上的動蕩、

of growing inequalities,

越來越嚴重的不平等，

and when we look ahead to the challenges of the climate emergency,

當我們看向未來的挑戰， 如氣候的緊急狀況、

increasing automation,

自動化增加、

an aging population,

人口老化，

then I think the argument for the case for a much broader definition

我認為贊同擴大

國家社會成功之定義的論點

of what it means to be successful as a country, as a society,

is compelling, and increasingly so.

越來越引人注目。

And that is why Scotland, in 2018,

那就是為什麼在 2018 年蘇格蘭

took the lead, took the initiative in establishing a new network

帶頭建立一個新的互聯組織，

called the Wellbeing Economy Governments group,

叫做安康經濟政府團體，

bringing together as founding members

創始會員國包括

the countries of Scotland, Iceland and New Zealand, for obvious reasons.

蘇格蘭、冰島、紐西蘭，原因很明顯。

We're sometimes called the SIN countries,

我們有時會被稱為是 SIN （罪，三國的字首）國家，

although our focus is very much on the common good.

不過我們聚焦於共同的利益。

And the purpose of this group is to challenge that focus

這個團體的目的是要挑戰

將焦點放在國內生產總值的 狹隘測量方式的現況。

on the narrow measurement of GDP.

To say that, yes, economic growth matters --

是的，經濟成長是很要緊——

it is important --

它很重要——

but it is not all that is important.

但重要的不只是它。

And growth in GDP should not be pursued at any or all cost.

不應該不計代價來追求 國內生產總值的成長。

In fact, the argument of that group

事實上，該團體的論點是，

is that the goal, the objective of economic policy

經濟政策的目標、方針

should be collective well-being:

應該是集體的安康：

how happy and healthy a population is,

人民有多快樂、健康，

not just how wealthy a population is.

而不只是人民有多富裕。

And I'll touch on the policy implications of that in a moment.

我等一下就會談到政策的意涵。

But I think, particularly in the world we live in today,

但，我認為，特別是在 我們現今的世界上，

it has a deeper resonance.

它還有更深的反響。

You know, when we focus on well-being,

要知道，當我們 把焦點放在安康上，

we start a conversation

我們就開始了對談，

that provokes profound and fundamental questions.

這對談能夠激起 深刻且根本的問題。

What really matters to us in our lives?

在我們的人生中，重要的是什麼？

What do we value in the communities we live in?

在我們所居住的社區中， 我們重視的是什麼？

What kind of country, what kind of society,

我們真正想要成為的國家、社會，

do we really want to be?

是什麼樣子的？

And when we engage people in those questions,

當我們讓大家去想那些問題，

in finding the answers to those questions,

試圖得到那些問題的答案時，

then I believe that we have a much better chance

我相信我們就更有機會

of addressing the alienation and disaffection from politics

處理對政治疏離、不滿的議題，

that is so prevalent in so many countries

那些議題在已開發世界中的

across the developed world today.

許多國家都很普遍。

In policy terms, this journey for Scotland started back in 2007,

在政策方面，蘇格蘭的 這趟旅程始於 2007 年，

when we published what we call our National Performance Framework,

當時我們推出了所謂的國家表現框架，

looking at the range of indicators that we measure ourselves against.

透過許多不同的指標 來衡量我們自己。

And those indicators are as varied as income inequality,

那些指標很多樣化， 比如收入不平等、

the happiness of children,

孩童的快樂程度、

access to green spaces, access to housing.

能否取得綠地、能否取得住房。

None of these are captured in GDP statistics,

國內生產總值的統計 並未納入這些指標，

but they are all fundamental to a healthy and a happy society.

但這些是健康快樂社會的根本指標。

那種更廣泛的...

(Applause)

（掌聲）

And that broader approach is at the heart of our economic strategy,

那種更廣泛的方法， 是我們經濟策略的核心，

where we give equal importance to tackling inequality

在核心，我們對於 處理不平等的重視程度

as we do to economic competitiveness.

和經濟競爭力的 重視程度是相同的。

It drives our commitment to fair work,

它會驅使我們做出 公平工作的承諾，

making sure that work is fulfilling and well-paid.

且確保那工作能夠 實現抱負、有適當報償。

It's behind our decision to establish a Just Transition Commission

它是我們決定要建立 公正轉型委員會的背後支柱，

to guide our path to a carbon zero economy.

引領我們的路， 朝向零碳經濟邁進。

We know from economic transformations of the past

從過去的經濟轉型中我們可以知道，

that if we're not careful, there are more losers than winners.

如果我們不夠小心， 輸家會比贏家還多。

And as we face up to the challenges of climate change and automation,

在我們勇敢對付氣候變遷 和自動化的挑戰時，

we must not make those mistakes again.

我們不能再犯同樣的錯誤。

The work we're doing here in Scotland is, I think, significant,

我認為，我們在蘇格蘭 所做的努力是非常重要的，

but we have much, much to learn from other countries.

但我們還有很多很多 要向其他國家學習的地方。

I mentioned, a moment ago, our partner nations

我剛才有提到，

我們在安康網路上的夥伴國：

in the Wellbeing network:

Iceland and New Zealand.

冰島和紐西蘭。

It's worth noting, and I'll leave it to you to decide whether this is relevant or not,

有一點值得注意的，且我想讓各位 自行判斷它是否有重要性：

that all three of these countries are currently led by women.

那就是，這三個國家 目前的領導人都是女性。

(Applause)

（掌聲）

（掌聲結束）

They, too, are doing great work.

他們也都在做很棒的事。

New Zealand, in 2019, publishing its first Wellbeing Budget,

2019 年，紐西蘭公佈了 其第一份安康預算，

with mental health at its heart;

預算的核心是心理健康；

Iceland leading the way on equal pay, childcare and paternity rights --

冰島在薪水平等、兒童照護， 和父親權利上帶頭打先鋒——

not policies that we immediately think of

這些都不是我們在談論 創造富裕經濟時

when we talk about creating a wealthy economy,

會立即想到的政策，

but policies that are fundamental to a healthy economy

卻是對於健康經濟與快樂社會而言

and a happy society.

很重要的基本政策。

I started with Adam Smith and "The Wealth of Nations."

我用亞當史密斯的 《國富論》當作開頭。

In Adam Smith's earlier work, "The Theory of Moral Sentiments,"

在亞當史密斯更早的作品 《道德情操論》中，

which I think is just as important,

我認為這部作品也同等重要，

he made the observation that the value of any government

他觀察到，任何政府的價值

is judged in proportion

都可以根據該政府讓其人民 快樂的程度來依比例推斷出來。

to the extent that it makes its people happy.

I think that is a good founding principle

我認為，對於著重推動安康的 任何國家團體而言，

for any group of countries focused on promoting well-being.

這都是一條很好的成立原則。

None of us have all of the answers,

沒有人擁有所有的答案，

not even Scotland, the birthplace of Adam Smith.

連亞當史密斯的出生地 蘇格蘭也沒有。

But in the world we live in today, with growing divides and inequalities,

但，在現今我們所居住的世界上， 隨著分裂和不平等加劇，

with disaffection and alienation,

隨著不滿和疏遠發生，

it is more important than ever

比以往更重要的是，

that we ask and find the answers to those questions

我們要問那些問題，並找到答案，

and promote a vision of society

我們推動的願景是以安康

that has well-being, not just wealth, at its very heart.

而非僅僅以富裕為核心的社會。

(Applause)

（掌聲）

You are right now in the beautiful, sunny capital city ...

現在，各位在一個美麗、 陽光普照的首都城市……

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

of the country that led the world in the Enlightenment,

這個國家在啟蒙運動中領導世界，

the country that helped lead the world into the industrial age,

這個國家協助引領 世界進入工業時代，

the country that right now is helping to lead the world

這個國家現在正協助引領世界

into the low carbon age.

進入低碳時代。

I want, and I'm determined, that Scotland will also be the country

我希望且確信蘇格蘭也會

協助全世界的國家與政府改變焦點，

that helps change the focus of countries and governments across the world

to put well-being at the heart of everything that we do.

將安康放在我們所有作為的核心。

I think we owe that to this generation.

我認為，為了當代人 我們應該這樣做；

I certainly believe we owe that to the next generation

我也確信，為了下一代人 和以後的世世代代，

and all those that come after us.

我們也應該這樣做。

And if we do that, led here from the country of the Enlightenment,

如果我們能夠以啟蒙運動的 領導國家之姿來領導，

then I think we create a better, healthier, fairer

那麼，我認為我們可以 在我們的家園上創造出一個更好、

and happier society here at home.

更健康、更公平、且更快樂的社會。

And we play our part in Scotland

我們在蘇格蘭扮演我們的角色，

in building a fairer, happier world as well.

也要建立一個更公平、 更快樂的世界。

Thank you very much.

非常謝謝。

(Applause)

（掌聲）