Why governments should prioritize well-being | Nicola Sturgeon

137,295 views ใƒป 2019-09-06

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: KyoungHwan Oh ๊ฒ€ํ† : Yunjung Nam
00:12
Just over a mile away from here, in Edinburgh's Old Town,
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์ด๊ณณ ์—๋“ ๋ฒ„๋Ÿฌ ๊ตฌ๋„์‹ฌ์—์„œ 1๋งˆ์ผ ์ •๋„ ๋–จ์–ด์ง„ ๊ณณ์—
00:18
is Panmure House.
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ํŒ๋ฎค์–ด ํ•˜์šฐ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:21
Panmure House
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ํŒ๋ฎค์–ด ํ•˜์šฐ์Šค๋Š”
00:23
was the home of the world-renowned Scottish economist
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์Šค์ฝ”ํ‹€๋žœ๋“œ ์ถœ์‹ ์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™์ž์˜ ์ง‘์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
00:29
Adam Smith.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์• ๋ค ์Šค๋ฏธ์Šค์š”.
00:31
In his important work "The Wealth of Nations,"
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๊ทธ์˜ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ ์ €์„œ "๊ตญ๋ถ€๋ก "์—์„œ
00:37
Adam Smith argued, amongst many other things,
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์• ๋ค ์Šค๋ฏธ์Šค๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:41
that the measurement of a country's wealth
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ํ•œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ
00:44
was not just its gold and silver reserves.
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๋‹จ์ง€ ๊ธˆ, ์€์˜ ๋ณด์œ ๋ž‘๋งŒ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ตฌ์š”.
00:48
It was the totality of the country's production and commerce.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ์ด ์ƒ์‚ฐ๊ณผ ๊ต์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:54
I guess it was one of the earliest descriptions of what we now know today
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์•„๋งˆ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์˜ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๊ฐœ๋…์ด์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”.
01:00
as gross domestic product, GDP.
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๊ตญ๋‚ด์ด์ƒ์‚ฐ GDP ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:05
Now, in the years since, of course,
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋งŽ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ํ๋ฅธ ํ˜„์žฌ์—๋Š”,
01:08
that measurement of production and commerce, GDP,
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์ƒ์‚ฐ๊ณผ ๊ต์—ญ์˜ ์ด๋Ÿ‰ ์ฆ‰, GDP์˜ ์ธก์ •์€
01:13
has become ever more important,
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๊ทธ ์–ด๋Š๋•Œ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ค‘์š”ํ•ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:16
to the point that today --
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ํ˜„์žฌ์— ์ด๋ฅด๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€์š”.
01:18
and I don't believe this is what Adam Smith would have intended --
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์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—” ์• ๋ค ์Šค๋ฏธ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์˜๋„ํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์•˜์ง€๋งŒ
01:21
that it is often seen as the most important measurement
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GDP๋Š” ํ”ํžˆ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ง€ํ‘œ๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ฒจ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:27
of a country's overall success.
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๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ์ „๋ฐ˜์  ์„ฑ๊ณต์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ์š”.
01:30
And my argument today is that it is time for that to change.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ด์ œ๋Š” ๊ทธ ๊ฐœ๋…์ด ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋ ค ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:36
You know, what we choose to measure as a country matters.
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ํ•œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์น˜๋“ค์€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•„์‹ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:41
It really matters, because it drives political focus,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ •์น˜์˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์ด ๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋ฉฐ,
01:46
it drives public activity.
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๋˜ํ•œ ๋Œ€์ค‘์šด๋™์„ ์ฃผ๋„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:50
And against that context,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋งฅ๋ฝ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ,
01:52
I think the limitations of GDP as a measurement of a country's success
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์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณต์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์ง€ํ‘œ๋กœ์„œ GDP๋Š”
01:59
are all too obvious.
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜ ๋ช…๋ฐฑํžˆ ํ•œ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:02
You know, GDP measures the output of all of our work,
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GDP๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ตญ๋ฏผ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ ์ดํ•ฉํ•˜์ฃ .
02:07
but it says nothing about the nature of that work,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ์ผ์˜ ๋ณธ์งˆ์€ ์ƒ๊ด€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:10
about whether that work is worthwhile or fulfilling.
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๊ทธ ์ผ์ด ๊ฐ€์น˜์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์ธ์ง€ ํ˜น์€ ๋งŒ์กฑ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ์ผ์ธ์ง€์š”.
02:15
It puts a value, for example, on illegal drug consumption,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด, ๋ถˆ๋ฒ• ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์†Œ๋น„๋Š” GDP์˜ ์‚ฐ์ •ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์ด์ง€๋งŒ,
02:21
but not on unpaid care.
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๋ฌด๊ธ‰์น˜๋ฃŒ๋Š” ์‚ฐ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์ฃ .
02:25
It values activity in the short term
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๋‹จ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ™œ๋™์€ ์‚ฐ์ •ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:30
that boosts the economy, even if that activity is hugely damaging
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์„ค์‚ฌ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹น์žฅ์€ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์— ๋„์›€์ด ๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด์š”.
02:37
to the sustainability of our planet in the longer term.
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์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ง€๊ตฌ์˜ ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์— ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋ฏธ์นœ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„์š”.
02:42
And we reflect on the past decade
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์‹ญ๋…„๊ฐ„์„ ๋Œ์•„๋ณด๋ฉด
02:46
of political and economic upheaval,
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์ •์น˜์  ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ๊ฒฉ๋™์„ ๊ฑฐ์น˜๋ฉฐ,
02:49
of growing inequalities,
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๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ์€ ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:52
and when we look ahead to the challenges of the climate emergency,
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๊ธฐํ›„๋ณ€ํ™”๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฒจ๋‚  ์œ„๊ธฐ๋“ค์„ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
02:58
increasing automation,
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๋˜ํ•œ ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ์ž๋™ํ™”,
03:00
an aging population,
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์ธ๊ตฌ ๋…ธ๋ นํ™”์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:03
then I think the argument for the case for a much broader definition
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ๋” ๋„“์€ ๊ฐœ๋…์˜ ์ •์˜๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:10
of what it means to be successful as a country, as a society,
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ํ•œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋‚˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋กœ ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณผ์—ฐ ์–ด๋–ค ์˜๋ฏธ์ธ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ์š”.
03:15
is compelling, and increasingly so.
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๋„“์€ ์˜๋ฏธ์˜ ์ •์˜๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋ฃจ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์ •๋ฆฝ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:19
And that is why Scotland, in 2018,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์—์„œ , 2018๋…„ ์Šค์ฝ”ํ‹€๋žœ๋“œ๋Š”
03:22
took the lead, took the initiative in establishing a new network
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ์ž‘์—…์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:27
called the Wellbeing Economy Governments group,
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์›ฐ๋น™ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ์ •๋ถ€ ๋‹จ์ฒด๋ผ๋Š” ์ด๋ฆ„์œผ๋กœ์š”.
03:32
bringing together as founding members
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์ฐฝ๋ฆฝ๋ฉค๋ฒ„๋“ค์„ ๋ชจ์•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ทธ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค์€
03:35
the countries of Scotland, Iceland and New Zealand, for obvious reasons.
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์Šค์ฝ”ํ‹€๋žœ๋“œ, ์•„์ด์Šฌ๋ž€๋“œ, ๋‰ด์งˆ๋žœ๋“œ์ด๋ฉฐ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•œ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:41
We're sometimes called the SIN countries,
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๊ฐ€๋”์€ ์•ž์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ์„œ SIN ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋ผ๊ณ ๋„ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:45
although our focus is very much on the common good.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋Š” ๊ณต์ต์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฑฐ์ง€๋งŒ์š”. (SIN์ด ์ฃ„์•…์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ)
03:50
And the purpose of this group is to challenge that focus
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์ด ๊ทธ๋ฃน์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜์‹์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:53
on the narrow measurement of GDP.
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์ข์€ ์˜๋ฏธ์˜ GDP๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ์š”.
03:56
To say that, yes, economic growth matters --
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๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์„ฑ์žฅ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งž๋Š” ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:00
it is important --
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์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ ์ด์ฃ .
04:02
but it is not all that is important.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ „๋ถ€๋Š” ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:05
And growth in GDP should not be pursued at any or all cost.
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์–ด๋– ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ผ๋„ GDP์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ๋งŒ์„ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:12
In fact, the argument of that group
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์ด ๊ทธ๋ฃน์˜ ๋…ผ์กฐ๋Š”
04:15
is that the goal, the objective of economic policy
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๊ฒฝ์ œ ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๊ฐ€
04:20
should be collective well-being:
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์ง‘๋‹จ ์ „์ฒด์˜ ์›ฐ๋น™์ด์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:23
how happy and healthy a population is,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ํ–‰๋ณตํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ์ง€ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:27
not just how wealthy a population is.
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๋‹จ์ง€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋ถ€์œ ํ•œ๊ฐ€๋งŒ์ด ๋ชฉํ‘œ์ด์–ด์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:30
And I'll touch on the policy implications of that in a moment.
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์ด ๊ทธ๋ฃน์ด ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ •์ฑ…์  ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
04:34
But I think, particularly in the world we live in today,
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ํŠนํžˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ด ์„ธ์ƒ์—์„œ
04:37
it has a deeper resonance.
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๊ทธ ์˜๋ฏธ๋Š” ๋” ๊นŠ์€ ๋ฐ˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€์ฃ .
04:39
You know, when we focus on well-being,
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๋ณต๋ฆฌ์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ”์–ด
04:42
we start a conversation
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๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
04:44
that provokes profound and fundamental questions.
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์‹ฌ์˜คํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ๋“ค์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:48
What really matters to us in our lives?
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ถ์— ์žˆ์–ด ์ •๋ง๋กœ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ผ๊นŒ?
04:52
What do we value in the communities we live in?
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ณต๋™์ฒด์—์„œ ๋ฌด์—‡์— ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ๋‘์–ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ?
04:57
What kind of country, what kind of society,
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ตญ๊ฐ€, ์–ด๋–ค ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฐ€
05:01
do we really want to be?
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง„์ •์œผ๋กœ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์ด๋ฉฐ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ผ๊นŒ?
05:03
And when we engage people in those questions,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ทธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ๋“ค์„ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ ,
05:07
in finding the answers to those questions,
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๊ทธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ต์„ ์ฐพ๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ,
05:09
then I believe that we have a much better chance
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์ €๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋” ์ข‹์€ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:13
of addressing the alienation and disaffection from politics
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์ •์น˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถˆ๋งŒ๊ณผ ์†Œ์™ธ๊ฐ์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ• ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐํšŒ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:18
that is so prevalent in so many countries
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๋งค์šฐ ๋งŽ์€ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค์—์„œ ๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ์ผ๋“ค์ด์ฃ .
05:21
across the developed world today.
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์„ ์ง„ํ™”๋œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์—์„œ์š”.
05:24
In policy terms, this journey for Scotland started back in 2007,
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์ •์น˜์  ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋ณด๋ฉด, ์ด ์›€์ง์ž„์€ 2007๋…„ ์Šค์ฝ”ํ‹€๋žœ๋“œ์—์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
05:28
when we published what we call our National Performance Framework,
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๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
05:32
looking at the range of indicators that we measure ourselves against.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ง€ํ‘œ๋“ค์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
05:35
And those indicators are as varied as income inequality,
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๊ทธ ์ง€ํ‘œ๋“ค์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ๋ฐ, ์†Œ๋“ ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ,
05:40
the happiness of children,
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์•„์ด๋“ค์˜ ํ–‰๋ณต์ง€์ˆ˜,
05:42
access to green spaces, access to housing.
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๋…น์ง€๊ณต๊ฐ„์—์˜ ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ, ์ฃผํƒ์œผ๋กœ์˜ ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ ๋“ฑ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:45
None of these are captured in GDP statistics,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ง€ํ‘œ๋“ค์€ GDP ํ†ต๊ณ„์—๋Š” ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ,
05:49
but they are all fundamental to a healthy and a happy society.
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๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ–‰๋ณตํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:56
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
06:01
And that broader approach is at the heart of our economic strategy,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋„“์€ ์˜๋ฏธ๋กœ์˜ ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:05
where we give equal importance to tackling inequality
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์ฆ‰, ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ์„ ํ•ด์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์— ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:09
as we do to economic competitiveness.
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๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋งŒํผ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:12
It drives our commitment to fair work,
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๊ฑด์ „ํ•œ ์ง์—…๋ฌธํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ •์ง„ํ•˜๋ฉฐ,
06:14
making sure that work is fulfilling and well-paid.
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๋งŒ์กฑ๊ฐ๊ณผ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๋ณด์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:17
It's behind our decision to establish a Just Transition Commission
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ •์˜ ์‹คํ˜„ ์œ„์›ํšŒ๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ฆฝํ–ˆ๊ธฐ์— ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
06:21
to guide our path to a carbon zero economy.
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์ด ์œ„์›ํšŒ๋Š” ํƒ„์†Œ ์ œ๋กœ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ธธ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•ด ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:25
We know from economic transformations of the past
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ๋น„์ถ”์–ด ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์ „ํ™˜์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ ๋•Œ ์ฃผ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด,
06:28
that if we're not careful, there are more losers than winners.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์–ป๋Š” ์ž๋ณด๋‹ค ์žƒ๋Š” ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:32
And as we face up to the challenges of climate change and automation,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ธฐํ›„๋ณ€ํ™”์™€ ์ž๋™ํ™”๋ผ๋Š” ๊ณผ์ œ์— ์ง๋ฉดํ•ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
06:36
we must not make those mistakes again.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:40
The work we're doing here in Scotland is, I think, significant,
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์ €ํฌ ์Šค์ฝ”ํ‹€๋žœ๋“œ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์˜๋ฏธ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:43
but we have much, much to learn from other countries.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ๋ฐฐ์›Œ์•ผ ํ• ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ๋งค์šฐ ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:46
I mentioned, a moment ago, our partner nations
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ํ•œ๋‹ฌ ์ „์— ํ˜‘์—…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ €๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:50
in the Wellbeing network:
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์›ฐ๋น™ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์—์„œ
06:52
Iceland and New Zealand.
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์•„์ด์Šฌ๋ž€๋“œ์™€ ๋‰ด์งˆ๋žœ๋“œ๊ฐ€ ํ˜‘์—…๊ตญ๊ฐ€์ฃ .
06:54
It's worth noting, and I'll leave it to you to decide whether this is relevant or not,
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์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•  ๋งŒ ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ์š”. ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜์‹œ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ
06:58
that all three of these countries are currently led by women.
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์ด ์„ธ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ํ†ต์น˜์ž๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:02
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
07:14
They, too, are doing great work.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:15
New Zealand, in 2019, publishing its first Wellbeing Budget,
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๋‰ด์งˆ๋žœ๋“œ๋Š” 2019๋…„์— ์ฒซ ์›ฐ๋น™ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์„ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
07:20
with mental health at its heart;
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์ •์‹ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ด ๊ทธ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:23
Iceland leading the way on equal pay, childcare and paternity rights --
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์•„์ด์Šฌ๋ž€๋“œ๋Š” ๊ท ๋“ฑ ์ž„๊ธˆ, ์œก์•„ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์นœ์ž๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:28
not policies that we immediately think of
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฆ‰๊ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ฆด๋งŒํ•œ ์ •์ฑ…๋“ค์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ฃ .
07:32
when we talk about creating a wealthy economy,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์œ ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ์ฐฝ์ถœ์„ ๋…ผํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:35
but policies that are fundamental to a healthy economy
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ์ •์ฑ…๋“ค์ด์ฃ .
07:39
and a happy society.
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ํ–‰๋ณตํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋„์š”.
07:42
I started with Adam Smith and "The Wealth of Nations."
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์ €๋Š” ์• ๋ค ์Šค๋ฏธ์Šค์˜ "๊ตญ๋ถ€๋ก "์œผ๋กœ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:47
In Adam Smith's earlier work, "The Theory of Moral Sentiments,"
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์• ๋ค ์Šค๋ฏธ์Šค์˜ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์ €์„œ ์ค‘์—, "๋„๋• ๊ฐ์ •๋ก "์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:52
which I think is just as important,
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์ €๋Š” ์ด ๊ด€์ ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
07:54
he made the observation that the value of any government
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์ด ์ฑ…์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์ด ํ•ด๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋กœ
07:59
is judged in proportion
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๊ฒฐ์ •๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด์•˜๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
08:01
to the extent that it makes its people happy.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ํ–‰๋ณตํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:04
I think that is a good founding principle
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์ €๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๊ฐœ๋…์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:08
for any group of countries focused on promoting well-being.
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๋ณต์ง€๋ฅผ ๋Š˜๋ฆฌ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ค‘์ ์„ ๋‘๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋ผ๋ฉด ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:14
None of us have all of the answers,
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์•„๋ฌด๋„ ๋ชจ๋“  ํ•ด๋‹ต์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋Š” ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:17
not even Scotland, the birthplace of Adam Smith.
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์• ๋ค ์Šค๋ฏธ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์ถœ์ƒํ•œ ์Šค์ฝ”ํ‹€๋žœ๋“œ ์กฐ์ฐจ๋„์š”.
08:20
But in the world we live in today, with growing divides and inequalities,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด ์„ธ์ƒ์€ ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ์ด ์‹ฌํ™”๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ ,
08:25
with disaffection and alienation,
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๋ถˆ๋งŒ๊ณผ ์†Œ์™ธ๊ฐ€ ํŒฝ๋ฐฐํ•ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ์—,
08:28
it is more important than ever
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๊ทธ ์–ด๋Š ๋•Œ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋”์šฑ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:29
that we ask and find the answers to those questions
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ๋“ค์„ ๋˜์ง€๊ณ  ํ•ด๋‹ต์„ ์ฐพ๋Š”์ผ์ด์š”.
08:33
and promote a vision of society
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ๋น„์ „์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:37
that has well-being, not just wealth, at its very heart.
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๋ถ€์œ ํ•จ ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ทธ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์— ๋ณต์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ๋กœ์˜ ๋น„์ „ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:44
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
08:49
You are right now in the beautiful, sunny capital city ...
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ต๊ณ  ์ฐฌ๋ž€ํ•œ ์ˆ˜๋„์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:55
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
08:57
of the country that led the world in the Enlightenment,
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๊ทธ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ณ„๋ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋Œ์—ˆ๊ณ ,
09:02
the country that helped lead the world into the industrial age,
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๋˜ํ•œ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์‚ฐ์—…ํ™” ์‹œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ด๋Œ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ,
09:05
the country that right now is helping to lead the world
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ํ˜„์žฌ๋Š” ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ
09:08
into the low carbon age.
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์ €ํƒ„์†Œ ์‹œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ด๋Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:10
I want, and I'm determined, that Scotland will also be the country
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์ €๋Š” ์›ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋˜ ์ž์‹ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์Šค์ฝ”ํ‹€๋žœ๋“œ๊ฐ€
09:16
that helps change the focus of countries and governments across the world
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์™€ ์ •๋ถ€๋“ค์ด ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ ์š”.
09:21
to put well-being at the heart of everything that we do.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ํ•˜๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์—์„œ๊ฑด ๋ณต์ง€์— ์ค‘์‹ฌ์— ๋‘๋„๋ก ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:25
I think we owe that to this generation.
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์ €๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ˜„์žฌ ์„ธ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:29
I certainly believe we owe that to the next generation
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๋˜ํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ ์„ธ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ์œผ๋ฉฐ
09:33
and all those that come after us.
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๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์„ธ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:35
And if we do that, led here from the country of the Enlightenment,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ณ„๋ชฝ์˜ ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ ๊ทธ ์›€์ง์ž„์ด ์‹œ์ž‘๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
09:39
then I think we create a better, healthier, fairer
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๋” ์ข‹๊ณ , ๋” ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋” ๊ณต์ •ํ•˜๊ณ 
09:43
and happier society here at home.
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๋” ํ–‰๋ณตํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:46
And we play our part in Scotland
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์Šค์ฝ”ํ‹€๋žœ๋“œ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•  ์ผ์„ ํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:48
in building a fairer, happier world as well.
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๋” ๊ณต์ •ํ•œ, ๋” ํ–‰๋ณตํ•œ ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์š”.
09:52
Thank you very much.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:53
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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