Fields Wicker-Miurin: Learning from leadership's missing manual

翻译人员: Angelia King 校对人员: dong liu

I'm going to talk

通过我遍及全球的工作，我要讲讲

about some of my discoveries

我的一些

around the world through my work.

见闻。

These are not discoveries of planets

这不是关于行星的发现

or new technologies

新技术

or science.

或者科学。

They're discoveries of people

而是关乎人的故事

and the way people are, and new leadership.

他们的身份认同和新领导力。

This is Benki.

这是本齐Benki。

Benki is a leader of the Ashaninka Nation.

本齐是阿沙宁卡部落的领导者。

His people live in Brazil

他的族人生活在巴西

and in Peru.

和秘鲁。

Benki comes from a village

本齐来自亚马逊的一个

so remote up in the Amazon

偏远乡村，

that to get there, either you have to fly

要到达那里，你要么做飞机，

and land on water,

要么水陆过去，

or go by canoe for several days.

或者乘独木舟要好几天。

I met Benki three years ago in Sao Paulo

三年前在圣保罗我遇见本齐，

when I'd brought him and other leaders

当我和他，还有其他

from indigenous peoples

原住民的首领

to meet with me and leaders from around the world,

和来自全球的领导者见面聚会，

because we wanted to learn from each other.

缘于我们想互相学习。

We wanted to share our stories with each other.

我们想分享彼此的故事。

The Ashaninka people

阿沙宁卡原住民

are known throughout South America

在南美洲

for their dignity, their spirit

因他们的尊严，精神

and their resistance,

和他们的韧劲而著称，

starting with the Incas

始于印加文化

and continuing through the 19th century

持续到19世纪

with the rubber tappers.

收集橡胶的历史。

Today's biggest threat to the Ashaninka people

今天对阿沙宁卡原住民

and to Benki

和本齐最大的威胁

comes from illegal logging --

来自于非法采伐木材--

the people who come into the beautiful forest

人们来到这美丽的森林

and cut down ancient mahogany trees,

砍伐古老的红木树，

float them down the river to world markets.

把它们顺河漂浮运输到世界市场。

Benki knew this.

本齐知道这个事。

He could see what was happening to his forest, to his environment,

他能看到，他赖以生存的环境和森林将会付出什么代价，

because he was taken under his grandfather's wing

因为他受命于他的祖父旨意

when he was only two years old

当他仅有2岁时，

to begin to learn about the forest

就开始学习森林

and the way of life of his people.

和他族人生活方式的关系。

His grandfather died when he was only 10.

当他仅10岁时他祖父去世。

And at that young age, 10 years old,

在很小的年龄，10岁，

Benki became the paje of his community.

本齐变成他族群的Paje帕杰首领。

Now, in the Ashaninka tradition and culture,

按现在阿沙宁卡传统文化，

the paje is the most important

帕杰就是族群最重要的

person in the community.

人物。

This is the person who contains within him

帕杰就是自身掌握

all the knowledge, all the wisdom

所有世纪以来的生活知识和

of centuries and centuries of life,

智慧，

and not just about his people,

不仅仅关于他族群的人民，

but about everything that his people's survival depended on:

还关乎于他族群人民赖以维系的一切东西：

the trees, the birds,

树木，鸟群，

the water, the soil, the forest.

河水，土壤和森林。

So when he was only 10 and he became the paje,

当他仅10岁时就变成帕杰，

he began to lead his people.

开始领导他的人民。

He began to talk to them

他开始谈论

about the forest that they needed to protect,

必须要保护森林，

the way of life they needed to nurture.

并抚育他们的生活方式。

He explained to them

他给族人详细解释

that it was not a question of survival of the fittest;

这不是关于适者生存的问题；

it was a question of understanding

而是理解

what they needed to survive

赖以他们维系生存的问题

and to protect that.

并保护森林。

Eight years later,

八年后，

when he was a young man of 18,

但本齐是个10岁青年，

Benki left the forest for the first time.

第一次离开森林。

He went 3,000 miles on an odyssey to Rio

他好似奥德赛行进三千英里来到里约热内卢

to the Earth Summit

参加地球峰会，

to tell the world what was happening

告诉世界在他的

in his tiny, little corner.

微小，小角落所发生的变化。

And he went because he hoped the world would listen.

他希望世界能听他说，他才来。

Some did, not everybody.

有些人听之，但不是每个人。

But if you can imagine this young man

你可能想象到一个年轻男人

with his headdress and his flowing robe,

带有头饰和穿着他的长袍

learning a new language, Portuguese,

还要学会新语言，葡萄牙语，

not to mention English,

而不是英语，

going to Rio,

来到里约热内卢，

building a bridge

建立一个沟通的桥梁

to reach out to people he'd never met before --

去认识他先前从没遇到的人们--

a pretty hostile world.

他们来自一个非常敌意的世界。

But he wasn't dismayed.

但他没有绝望。

Benki came back to his village full of ideas --

本齐带回给村庄很多想法--

new technologies, new research,

新技术，新研究，

new ways of understanding what was going on.

理解未来的新方法。

Since that time,

自从那时，

he's continued to work with his people,

本齐继续和他的族人工作，

and not only the Ashaninka Nation,

不仅仅包括阿沙宁卡的人，

but all the peoples of the Amazon and beyond.

而是整个亚马逊的原住民甚至更多。

He's built schools

他建了学校

to teach children to care for the forest.

教育孩子要保护森林。

Together, he's led the reforestation

他一同领导

of over 25 percent of the land

超过25%的原被砍伐摧毁土地的

that had been destroyed by the loggers.

重新造林。

He's created a cooperative

他创建互助

to help people diversify their livelihoods.

来帮助人们多样化他们的生计。

And he's brought the internet and satellite technology

他还为森林买来互联网和卫星技术

to the forest --

--

both so that people themselves

这两个技术使得人民自己

could monitor the deforestation,

可以检测滥伐森林，

but also that he could speak from the forest

而且本齐代言森林

to the rest of the world.

向全世界发言。

If you were to meet Benki

你要是见过本齐，

and ask him, "Why are you doing this?

问他：“你为什么做这个？

Why are you putting yourself at risk?

你为什么要冒险？

Why are you making yourself vulnerable

在一个敌意的世界，你为什么要置于

to what is often a hostile world?"

易受攻击的地步？”

he would tell you,

他会告诉你，

as he told me,

正如他告诉我的，

"I asked myself," he said,

他说：“我告诉自己，

"What did my grandparents and my great-grandparents do

我的祖父母和我的曾祖父母

to protect the forest for me?

为保护森林而留给了我什么呢？

And what am I doing?"

我有在做什么呢？”

So when I think of that,

我思考这个，

I wonder what our grandchildren

我好奇当我的外孙，

and our great-grandchildren,

曾外孙，

when they ask themselves that question,

当他们问自己这同样问题时，

I wonder how they will answer.

我好奇他们会怎样答复。

For me, the world is veering

对我而言，世界正朝着

towards a future we don't much want

一个我们不十分理解的未来发展，

when we really think about it deep inside.

当我们内心深处真正关乎它时。

It's a future we don't know the details of,

我们不了解未来的具体情况，

but it's a future that has signs,

但未来有迹象，

just like Benki saw the signs around him.

就像本齐在他周围看到的迹象。

We know we are running out of what we need.

我了解到我们正用尽我们所需的东西。

We're running out of fresh water.

我们用尽淡水。

We're running out of fossil fuels.

矿物燃料。

We're running out of land.

土地。

We know climate change is going to affect all of us.

气候变化会影响我们所有人。

We don't know how, but we know it will.

我不知道是怎样影响，但我知道这是一定的。

And we know that there will be more of us than ever before --

比起过去任何时候，会有很多人--

five times as many people in 40 years

比起60多年以前，在未来40年中，将会有5倍多的人

than 60 years ago.

。

We are running out of what we need.

我们正在用尽我们所需的。

And we also know

我们也了解到

that the world has changed in other ways,

世界正以其他的方式变化着，

that since 1960

自从1960年，

there are one-third as many new countries

世界上，三分之一的许多新国家

that exist as independent entities on the planet.

成立独立国家。

Egos, systems of government --

自尊心，政府系统 -

figuring it out --

盘算一下 -

massive change.

巨大变化。

And in addition to that,

除此之外

we know that five other really big countries

我们知道另外5个大国

are going to have a say in the future,

在未来将拥有发言权，

a say we haven't even really started to hear yet --

而我们甚至还没有真正开始听过它们说--

China, India,

中国，印度，

Russia, South Africa

俄罗斯，南非

and Benki's own Brazil,

和本齐的祖国巴西，

where Benki got his civil rights

在1988年宪法，本齐才享有

only in the 1988 constitution.

他的公民权。

But you know all that.

但是大家要知道这些。

You know more than Benki knew when he left his forest

你了解得多于本齐所知道的，当他离开森林，

and went 3,000 miles.

行进3千英里。

You also know

大家也知道

that we can't just keep doing what we've always done,

我们不要仅限于做我们一直做的事，

because we'll get the results

因为我们将得到

we've always gotten.

我们一直想要的结果。

And this reminds me of something I understand

这提醒我所理解的一些事，

Lord Salisbury said to Queen Victoria over a hundred years ago,

百年前，当索尔兹伯里勋爵对维多利亚女王说，

when she was pressing him, "Please change."

当她要求他，“请改变。”

He said, "Change?

他说，“改变？

Why change?

为什么？

Things are bad enough as they are."

事情本身就够糟的。”

We have to change.

我们必须改变。

It's imperative to me, when I look around the world,

当我展望世界，这对我而言是种使命，

that we need to change ourselves.

我们需要改变我们自身。

We need new models of what it means to be a leader.

我们需要新模式而成为领导者。

We need new models

我们需要成为领导者和世界人类一员的

of being a leader and a human in the world.

新模式。

I started life as a banker.

我作为一个银行家的生活开始。

Now I don't admit to that

目前我仅对我最要好的朋友

to anybody but my very close friends.

承认我的北京。

But for the past eight years,

但在过去的8年，

I've done something completely different.

我做了一些及不寻常的事。

My work has taken me around the world,

我的工作带我周游世界，

where I've had the real privilege

我有真正的机会

of meeting people like Benki

见到像本齐的人

and many others who are making change happen

和许多在他们的

in their communities --

社区做出改变的人们--

people who see the world differently,

他们以不同视角看待世界，

who are asking different questions,

他们也会问不同的问题，

who have different answers,

由此产生不同的答案，

who understand the filters that they wear

他们了解他们用的过滤器，

when they go out into the world.

当他们去外面的世界。

This is Sanghamitra.

这是僧伽蜜多。

Sanghamitra comes from Bangalore.

她来自于班加罗尔。

I met Sanghamitra eight years ago

在八年前我在班加罗尔遇到僧伽蜜多

when I was in Bangalore

僧伽蜜多

organizing a workshop with leaders of different NGO's

组织与不同非政府组织的领导人开

working in some of the hardest aspects of society.

关注一些社会最难的方面。

Sanghamitra didn't start life

僧伽蜜多不是以

as a leader of an NGO,

非政府组织的领导人起家的，

she started her career as university professor,

她的职业开始于大学教授，

teaching English literature.

传授英语文学。

But she realized that she was much too detached from the world doing that.

但她知道她要这样做会使她太脱离这世界。

She loved it, but she was too detached.

她喜爱英语文学，但她太超脱了。

And so in 1993,

于是在1993年，

a long time ago,

很久以前，

she decided to start a new organization

她决定开始新的组织

called Samraksha

叫萨姆拉卡莎Samraksha

focused on one of the hardest areas,

专注最难领域之一，

one of the hardest issues in India --

在印度最头疼问题之一--

anywhere in the world at the time --

当时在全球任何地方--

HIV/AIDS.

人类免疫缺陷病毒/艾滋病。

Since that time, Samraksha has grown

从那时起，萨姆拉卡莎逐步

from strength to strength

壮大，

and is now one of the leading health NGO's in India.

现在是印度健康非政府组织领导之一。

But if you just think about the state of the world

但想想看在1993年，全球国家

and knowledge of HIV/AIDS

对人类免疫缺陷病毒/艾滋病的知识

in 1993 --

--

in India at that time it was skyrocketing

那时在印度艾滋病引起格外关注，

and nobody understood why,

没人知道为什么，

and everyone was actually very, very afraid.

每个人的确非常，非常害怕与此相关话题。

Today there are still three million

今天在印度还有三百万

HIV-positive people in India.

艾滋病毒抗体阳性者。

That's the second largest population in the world.

在世界上它是第二大人群。

When I asked Sanghamitra,

我问僧伽蜜多，

"How did you get from English literature

“你怎么从英语文学

to HIV/AIDS?"

跨行到艾滋病毒？”

not an obvious path,

不寻常的路径，

she said to me,

她说：

"It's all connected.

“所有这一切都联系着。

Literature makes one sensitive,

文学让人变敏感，

sensitive to people,

对人敏感，

to their dreams and to their ideas."

他们的梦想和他们的想法敏感。”

Since that time, under her leadership,

从那时，在她领导下，

Samraksha has been a pioneer

僧伽蜜多就成为

in all fields related

有关艾滋病毒领域的

to HIV/AIDS.

先驱者。

They have respite homes, the first,

首先，他们有喘息家园，

the first care centers,

第一个关怀中心，

the first counseling services --

第一个咨询服务--

and not just in urban, 7-million-population Bangalore,

不仅仅服务于班加罗尔城市七百万人口，

but in the hardest to reach villages

还包括卡纳塔克邦

in the state of Karnataka.

一些最难进入的乡村。

Even that wasn't enough.

甚至这还远远不够。

She wanted to change policy at the government level.

她想改变政府层面的政策。

10 of their programs that she pioneered

她开创的10个计划

are now government policy and funded by the government.

现被政府资助并成为政策。

They take care of 20,000-odd people today

今天在卡纳塔克邦有超过1000个乡村，

in over 1,000 villages around Karnataka.

由他们照顾2万人。

She works with people like Murali Krishna.

她和像穆拉里·科瑞士纳一样的人一起工作。

Murali Krishna comes from one of those villages.

科瑞士纳也来自于那些乡村中的一个。

He lost his wife to AIDS a couple of years ago,

几年前，因艾滋病毒他失去了他的妻子，

and he's HIV-positive.

他也是艾滋病毒阳性携带者。

But he saw the work, the care,

但他从僧伽蜜多和她团队带给乡村的工作，关怀，

the compassion

和同情

that Sanghamitra and her team brought to the village,

中，

and he wanted to be part of it.

他想成为他们中一员。

He's a Leaders' Quest fellow, and that helps him with his work.

他是一名领导者的探索研究员，在工作中帮助很大。

They've pioneered a different approach to villages.

他们已经开创了一个对乡村不同的方法。

Instead of handing out information in pamphlets,

与其通过手册传递信息，

as is so often the case,

就像往常方法，

they bring theater troupes,

他们带来剧团，

songs, music, dance.

歌曲，音乐，舞蹈。

And they sit around,

他们就地而坐，

and they talk about dreams.

谈论梦想。

Sanghamitra told me just last week --

上周，僧伽蜜多刚告诉我--

she had just come back from two weeks in the villages,

她刚从乡村回来2周--

and she had a real breakthrough.

她有了实质性突破。

They were sitting in a circle, talking about the dreams for the village.

当地人围坐成圈形，就乡村的梦想谈论。

And the young women in the village

乡村的年轻女性

spoke up and said, "We've changed our dream.

发言说：“我们得改变我们的梦想。

Our dream

我们的梦想

is for our partners, our husbands,

是基于我们的同伴，我们的丈夫，

not to be given to us because of a horoscope,

因为星象，不是基于我们，

but to be given to us

但因为他们被检测携带艾滋病毒，

because they've been tested for HIV."

我们梦想是基于我们自己的。”

If you are lucky enough to meet Sanghamitra

如果你有幸见僧伽蜜多

and ask her why and how,

问她为什么，

how have you achieved so much?

怎样取得如此大的成就？

She would look at you

她会看着你

and very quietly, very softly say,

非常平静地，非常温柔地说，

"It just happened.

“它就这样发生了。

It's the spirit inside."

它是内心精神的体现。”

This is Dr. Fan Jianchuan.

这是樊建川博士。

Jianchuan comes from Sichuan Province

樊建川先生来自

in southwest China.

中国西南的四川省。

He was born in 1957,

他出身于1957年，

and you can imagine what his childhood

大家可以想象一下他的童年

looked like and felt like,

和感受一下

and what his life has been like

在过去的50年动荡中，

over the last 50 tumultuous years.

他所经历的一生。

He's been a soldier, a teacher,

他曾是一名军人，一位老师，

a politician, a vice-mayor

一位政治家，一个副市长

and a business man.

和一个商人。

But if you sat down and asked him, "Who are you really,

但你坐下来问他，“你到底是谁，

and what do you do?"

你做了什么？”

He would tell you, "I'm a collector,

他会说，“我是个收藏家，

and I curate a museum."

我创建了一个博物馆。”

I was lucky; I had heard about him for years,

我有幸听说过他好几年，

and I finally met him earlier this year

最终今年早期

at his museum in Chengdu.

在他的成都博物馆我见过他。

He's been a collector all of his life,

他一生都在收集，

starting when he was four or five in the early 1960's.

始于1960年代初，他仅有4到5岁。

Now, just think of the early 1960's in China.

现在想想看中国的1960年代初。

Over a lifetime, through everything,

在他一生中，通过任何收集，

through the Cultural Revolution and everything afterward,

通过文化大革命和一切后来的收集，

he's kept collecting,

他不断收集，

so that he now has over eight million pieces

在他的博物馆，目前才会有超过八百万件

in his museums

记录

documenting contemporary Chinese history.

当代中国历史的资料。

These are pieces that you won't find anywhere else in the world,

这些资料是你在哪儿也不会找到的，

in part because they document parts of history

部分是因为馆藏展示的历史记录部分

Chinese choose to forget.

是被中国人选择忘却的。

For example, he's got over one million pieces

例如，他藏有一百万件

documenting the Sino-Japanese War,

记录抗日战争，

a war that's not talked about in China very much

在中国人们非常不愿意谈论的一场战争，

and whose heroes are not honored.

甚至抗日英雄都不被敬仰。

Why did he do all this?

那么他为什么做这些？

Because he thought

因为他认为

a nation should never repeat the mistakes of the past.

一个国家不应该重复它过去的错误。

So, from commissioning

所以从委托

slightly larger than life bronze statues

稍大于

of the heroes of the Sino-Japanese War,

抗日战争英雄的生活铜像，

including those Chinese

包括那些

who then fought with each other

互相打内战的中国人，

and left mainland China to go to Taiwan,

自此离开中国大陆到台湾，

to commemorating all the unknown,

用来纪念所有未知的，

ordinary soldiers who survived,

普通士兵，他们存活下来

by asking them to take prints of their hands,

通过他们章手印，

he is making sure -- one man is making sure --

他确定-- 人们确信--

that history is not forgotten.

那段历史是不会被忘却的。

But it's not just Chinese heroes he cares about.

樊建川先生不仅仅关注中国英雄。

This building contains the world's largest collection

这个博物馆包括世界上最大的文献及

of documents and artifacts

文物收藏

commemorating the U.S. role

有关在那场持久战役中，

in fighting on the Chinese side

和中国人民并肩作站

in that long war --

并加以纪念的美国战斗英雄

the Flying Tigers.

飞虎队。

He has nine other buildings --

樊建川建有其他9个博物馆--

that are already open to the public --

它们都已经对公众开放--

filled to the rafters with artifacts

装满了文物的椽子

documenting contemporary Chinese history.

记录当代中国历史。

Two of the most sensitive buildings

两个最敏感的博物馆

include a lifetime of collection

藏有

about the Cultural Revolution,

关于文化大革命的一生珍藏，

a period that actually most Chinese

多数中国人更倾向忘却这段历史

would prefer to forget.

时段。

But he doesn't want his nation

但樊建川先生不希望他的国家

ever to forget.

忘却这历史教训。

These people inspire me,

这些人激励我，

and they inspire me because they show us

因为他们展现给我们

what is possible when you change the way

什么是可行的，

you look at the world,

当你环顾世界，

change the way you look at your place in the world.

在你所处的位置上来改变世界。

They looked outside,

他们放眼外部世界，

and then they changed what was on the inside.

然后改变他们自己内心世界。

They didn't go to business school.

他们从没去过商业学校。

They didn't read a manual, "How to Be a Good Leader

也没读过手册“怎样通过轻松10步骤而成为一个优秀领导者

in 10 Easy Steps."

。”

But they have qualities we'd all recognize.

但是他们都兼有我们都认可的品质。

They have drive, passion, commitment.

他们有动力，激情，责任。

They've gone away

与他们先前做的事，他们的选择都

from what they did before,

截然不同，

and they've gone

他们做了些

to something they didn't know.

自己都意料不到的事情。

They've tried to connect worlds

他们努力和

they didn't know existed before.

以前不知晓的世界取得联系。

They've built bridges, and they've walked across them.

他们架构桥梁，穿行于此。

They have a sense of the great arc of time

他们有种大脉络的时间感

and their tiny place in it.

和他们自身所处的微小空间感。

They know people have come before them

他们了解出现在他们面前的人们，

and will follow them.

反而互相跟随。

And they know that they're part of a whole,

他们清楚他们是一个整体的一部分，

that they depend on other people.

他们依赖于其他人。

It's not about them, they know that,

他们晓得这不仅关乎他们自己，

but it has to start with them.

但这得归功于他们。

And they have humility.

他们兼有人性关怀。

It just happens.

这一切就这么发生了。

But we know it doesn't just happen, don't we?

但我们知道它不只是发生，对吗？

We know it takes a lot to make it happen,

我们了解需要很努力才会使其发生，

and we know the direction the world is going in.

世界的轨迹在运转着。

So I think we need succession planning

所以在全球议程上，我们需要继任计划

on a global basis.

。

We can't wait for the next generation, the new joiners,

我们等不及下一代，新的活跃分子，

to come in and learn how to be the good leaders we need.

加入和学习怎样成为我们所需的优秀领导者。

I think it has to start with us.

我想就从我们自己开始吧。

And we know, just like they knew,

而我们也知道，就像他们所知，

how hard it is.

这有多难。

But the good news is that we don't have to figure it out as we go along;

但好消息是我们边行，用不着非得弄清楚；

we have models, we have examples,

我们有模式，有例子，

like Benki and Sanghamitra and Jianchuan.

比如本齐，僧伽蜜多和樊建川。

We can look at what they've done, if we look.

如果需要，我们可以看看他们做过的是。

We can learn from what they've learned.

我们温故而知新。

We can change the way we see ourselves in the world.

我们能改变我们自身所处的世界。

And if we're lucky,

如果我们有幸，

we can change the way

我们能改变这世界，

our great-grandchildren

让我们曾孙

will answer Benki's question.

来回复本齐的问题。

Thank you.

谢谢。

(Applause)

（掌声）