Fields Wicker-Miurin: Learning from leadership's missing manual

97,418 views ใƒป 2014-02-19

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Shlomo Adam ืžื‘ืงืจ: Sigal Tifferet
00:15
I'm going to talk
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ืื ื™ ืื“ื‘ืจ
00:17
about some of my discoveries
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ืขืœ ื›ืžื” ืžื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื’ื™ืœื™ืชื™
00:19
around the world through my work.
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ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื™ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
00:21
These are not discoveries of planets
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ืื™ืŸ ืืœื” ืชื’ืœื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ ืœื›ืช
00:23
or new technologies
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ืื• ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช
00:25
or science.
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ืื• ืžื“ืข.
00:27
They're discoveries of people
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ืืœื” ืชื’ืœื™ื•ืช ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ืื ืฉื™ื
00:29
and the way people are, and new leadership.
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ื‘ืื•ืจื—ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื”ื, ื•ื‘ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื”.
00:34
This is Benki.
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ื–ื”ื• ื‘ื ืงื™.
00:36
Benki is a leader of the Ashaninka Nation.
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ื‘ื ืงื™ ื”ื•ื ืžื ื”ื™ื’ ืื•ืžืช ื”ืืฉื ื™ื ืงื”.
00:38
His people live in Brazil
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ื”ืขื ืฉืœื• ื—ื™ ื‘ื‘ืจื–ื™ืœ
00:40
and in Peru.
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ื•ื‘ืคืจื•.
00:42
Benki comes from a village
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ื‘ื ืงื™ ื”ื•ื ืžื›ืคืจ
00:44
so remote up in the Amazon
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ื›ื” ืžืจื•ื—ืง ื‘ื ื”ืจ ื”ืืžื–ื•ื ืก
00:46
that to get there, either you have to fly
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ืฉื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืฉื, ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื˜ื•ืก
00:49
and land on water,
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ื•ืœื ื—ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืžื™ื,
00:51
or go by canoe for several days.
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ืื• ืœืฉื•ื˜ ื‘ืงืื ื• ื‘ืžืฉืš ืžืกืคืจ ื™ืžื™ื.
00:54
I met Benki three years ago in Sao Paulo
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ืคื’ืฉืชื™ ืืช ื‘ื ืงื™ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ืกืŸ ืคืื•ืœื•
00:57
when I'd brought him and other leaders
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ื›ืฉื”ื‘ืืชื™ ืื•ืชื• ื•ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื
00:59
from indigenous peoples
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ืฉืœ ื”ืขืžื™ื ื”ื™ืœื™ื“ื™ื™ื
01:01
to meet with me and leaders from around the world,
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ืœืคื’ื™ืฉื” ืขืžื™ ื•ืขื ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืžื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื,
01:03
because we wanted to learn from each other.
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืจืฆื™ื ื• ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืืœื” ืžืืœื”.
01:05
We wanted to share our stories with each other.
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ืจืฆื™ื ื• ืœืฉืชืฃ ื–ื” ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื•.
01:09
The Ashaninka people
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ืขื ื”ืืฉื ื™ื ืงื”
01:11
are known throughout South America
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ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืจื•ื ืืžืจื™ืงื”
01:13
for their dignity, their spirit
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ื‘ืืฆื™ืœื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื
01:16
and their resistance,
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ื•ื‘ื›ื•ืฉืจ ื”ืชืžื“ืชื,
01:18
starting with the Incas
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ื”ื—ืœ ืžืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืื™ื ืงื”
01:20
and continuing through the 19th century
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืžืื” ื”-19,
01:22
with the rubber tappers.
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ื•ืขื“ ืื•ืกืคื™ ื”ื’ื•ืžื™.
01:26
Today's biggest threat to the Ashaninka people
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ื›ื™ื•ื, ื”ืื™ื•ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ืื ืฉื™ ื”ืืฉื ื™ื ืงื”
01:28
and to Benki
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ื•ื‘ื ืงื™
01:30
comes from illegal logging --
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ืžืงื•ืจื• ื‘ื›ืจื™ืชืช ืขืฆื™ื ื‘ืœืชื™ ื—ื•ืงื™ืช--
01:32
the people who come into the beautiful forest
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืืœ ื”ื™ืขืจ ื”ื ืคืœื
01:34
and cut down ancient mahogany trees,
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ื•ื›ื•ืจืชื™ื ืขืฆื™ ืžื”ื’ื•ื ื™ ืขืชื™ืงื™ื,
01:37
float them down the river to world markets.
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ืฉื•ืœื—ื™ื ืื•ืชื ื‘ืžื•ืจื“ ื”ื ื”ืจ ืืœ ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
01:40
Benki knew this.
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ื‘ื ืงื™ ื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ื›ืš.
01:42
He could see what was happening to his forest, to his environment,
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ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืœืจืื•ืช ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ืœื™ืขืจ ื•ืœืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœื•,
01:45
because he was taken under his grandfather's wing
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ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ื ืœืงื— ืืœ ืžืชื—ืช ื—ืกื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืกื‘ื•
01:48
when he was only two years old
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ื›ืฉื”ื™ื” ืจืง ื‘ืŸ ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื
01:50
to begin to learn about the forest
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืขืœ ื”ื™ืขืจ
01:53
and the way of life of his people.
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ื•ืขืœ ื“ืจืš ื—ื™ื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ืขืžื•.
01:56
His grandfather died when he was only 10.
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ืกื‘ื• ืžืช ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืชื• ื‘ืŸ 10 ื‘ืœื‘ื“.
01:59
And at that young age, 10 years old,
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ื•ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ื”ืฆืขื™ืจ ื”ื–ื”, ื›ื‘ืŸ 10,
02:02
Benki became the paje of his community.
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ื‘ื ืงื™ ื”ืคืš ืœืคืื’'ื” ืฉืœ ืงื”ื™ืœืชื•.
02:05
Now, in the Ashaninka tradition and culture,
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ื‘ืžืกื•ืจืช ื•ื‘ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืืฉื ื™ื ืงื”,
02:08
the paje is the most important
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ื”ืคืื’'ื” ื”ื•ื ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
02:10
person in the community.
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ืžื›ืœ ืื ืฉื™ ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื”.
02:12
This is the person who contains within him
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ื–ื”ื• ื”ืื“ื ืฉืžื›ื™ืœ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื•
02:15
all the knowledge, all the wisdom
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ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื“ืข, ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื•ื›ืžื”,
02:18
of centuries and centuries of life,
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ืฉืœ ืžืื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชืงื•ืคื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื,
02:21
and not just about his people,
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ืœื ืจืง ื”ื™ื“ืข ื”ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืขืžื•,
02:24
but about everything that his people's survival depended on:
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ืืœื ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืงื™ื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ืขืžื• ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื•.
02:27
the trees, the birds,
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ื”ืขืฆื™ื, ื”ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื™ื,
02:29
the water, the soil, the forest.
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ื”ืžื™ื, ื”ืื“ืžื”, ื”ื™ืขืจ.
02:32
So when he was only 10 and he became the paje,
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ื•ื›ืš, ื›ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ืŸ 10 ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื•ื ืขืฉื” ืœืคืื’'ื”,
02:35
he began to lead his people.
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื—ืœ ืœื”ื ื”ื™ื’ ืืช ืขืžื•.
02:38
He began to talk to them
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื—ืœ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืืœื™ื”ื
02:40
about the forest that they needed to protect,
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ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืœื™ืขืจ ืฉืขืœื™ื• ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœื”ื’ืŸ,
02:42
the way of life they needed to nurture.
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ืขืœ ื“ืจืš ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืขืœื™ื”ื ืœืฉืžืจ.
02:45
He explained to them
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœื”ื
02:47
that it was not a question of survival of the fittest;
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ืฉืื™ืŸ ื–ื• ืจืง ืฉืืœื” ืฉืœ ืฉืจื™ื“ืช ื”ื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื;
02:50
it was a question of understanding
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ืืœื ืฉืืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื ื”
02:52
what they needed to survive
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ืžื” ื ื—ื•ืฅ ืœื”ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืจื•ื“
02:54
and to protect that.
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ื•ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื–ื”.
02:57
Eight years later,
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ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืฉื ื™ื,
02:59
when he was a young man of 18,
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ื›ืฉื”ื™ื” ื ืขืจ ื‘ืŸ 18,
03:01
Benki left the forest for the first time.
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ื‘ื ืงื™ ืขื–ื‘ ื‘ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืืช ื”ื™ืขืจ.
03:04
He went 3,000 miles on an odyssey to Rio
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ื”ื•ื ื™ืฆื ืœืžืกืข ืžืคืจืš ืฉืœ 5,000 ืง"ืž ืขื“ ืจื™ื•
03:07
to the Earth Summit
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ืœ"ืžืคื’ืฉ ื”ืคืกื’ื” ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ"
03:09
to tell the world what was happening
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกืคืจ ืœืขื•ืœื ืžื” ืžืชืจื—ืฉ
03:11
in his tiny, little corner.
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ื‘ืคื™ื ื” ื”ื–ืขื™ืจื” ื‘ื” ื”ื•ื ื—ื™.
03:13
And he went because he hoped the world would listen.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืขืฉื” ื–ืืช ื‘ืชืงื•ื•ื” ืฉื”ืขื•ืœื ื™ืื–ื™ืŸ.
03:16
Some did, not everybody.
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ืื—ื“ื™ื ื”ืื–ื™ื ื•. ืœื ื›ื•ืœื.
03:19
But if you can imagine this young man
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ืืš ืื ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืฉ ืฆืขื™ืจ ื–ื”
03:21
with his headdress and his flowing robe,
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ืขื ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ื”ืจืืฉ ื•ื”ื’ืœื™ืžื” ื”ื’ื•ืœืฉืช ืฉืœื•,
03:23
learning a new language, Portuguese,
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ืฉืœืžื“ ืฉืคื” ื—ื“ืฉื”, ืคื•ืจื˜ื•ื’ื–ื™ืช,
03:26
not to mention English,
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ืฉืœื ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช,
03:28
going to Rio,
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ื•ื”ืœืš ืœืจื™ื•,
03:30
building a bridge
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืงื™ื ื’ืฉืจ
03:32
to reach out to people he'd never met before --
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ื•ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ืคื’ืฉ--
03:34
a pretty hostile world.
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ืขื•ืœื ืขื•ื™ืŸ ืœืžื“ื™.
03:36
But he wasn't dismayed.
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ืืš ื”ื•ื ืœื ื ืจืชืข.
03:38
Benki came back to his village full of ideas --
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ื‘ื ืงื™ ืฉื‘ ืœื›ืคืจื• ืžืœื ื‘ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช--
03:41
new technologies, new research,
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ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช, ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื,
03:44
new ways of understanding what was going on.
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ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžืชืจื—ืฉ.
03:47
Since that time,
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ื•ืžืื–,
03:49
he's continued to work with his people,
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ื”ื•ื ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืขื ื‘ื ื™ ืขืžื•,
03:51
and not only the Ashaninka Nation,
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ื•ืœื ืจืง ืื•ืžืช ื”ืืฉื ื™ื ืงื”,
03:53
but all the peoples of the Amazon and beyond.
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ืืœื ื›ืœ ืขืžื™ ื”ืืžื–ื•ื ืก ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ.
03:56
He's built schools
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ื”ื•ื ื‘ื ื” ื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ
03:58
to teach children to care for the forest.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืœืžื“ ืืช ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืœื“ืื•ื’ ืœื™ืขืจ.
04:00
Together, he's led the reforestation
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ื™ื—ื“ื™ื• ื”ื ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ื™ื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื—ื“ืฉ
04:02
of over 25 percent of the land
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ืฉืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-25 ืื—ื•ื– ืžื”ืงืจืงืข
04:04
that had been destroyed by the loggers.
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ืฉื ื”ืจืกื” ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื›ื•ืจืชื™ ื”ืขืฆื™ื.
04:07
He's created a cooperative
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืงื™ื ืงื•ืื•ืคืจื˜ื™ื‘
04:09
to help people diversify their livelihoods.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกื™ื™ืข ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืœื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืืช ืืžืฆืขื™ ื”ืžื—ื™ื” ืฉืœื”ื.
04:12
And he's brought the internet and satellite technology
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜
04:14
to the forest --
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ื•ืืช ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ืœื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืช ืืœ ื”ื™ืขืจ--
04:16
both so that people themselves
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ื’ื ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืขืฆืžื
04:18
could monitor the deforestation,
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ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืฉื’ื™ื— ืขืœ ื”ื™ื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื—ื“ืฉ,
04:20
but also that he could speak from the forest
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ืืš ื’ื ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืฉืžื™ืข ืืช ืงื•ืœื• ืžืŸ ื”ื™ืขืจ
04:22
to the rest of the world.
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ืืœ ืฉืืจ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
04:25
If you were to meet Benki
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ืื™ืœื• ืคื’ืฉืชื ืืช ื‘ื ืงื™
04:27
and ask him, "Why are you doing this?
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ื•ืฉืืœืชื ืื•ืชื•, "ืžื“ื•ืข ืืชื” ืขื•ืฉื” ื–ืืช?
04:30
Why are you putting yourself at risk?
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ืžื“ื•ืข ืืชื” ืžืกื›ืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžืš?
04:32
Why are you making yourself vulnerable
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ืžื“ื•ืข ืืชื” ื”ื•ืคืš ืขืฆืžืš ืœืคื’ื™ืข
04:34
to what is often a hostile world?"
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ืœืขื•ืœื ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ื“"ื› ืขื•ื™ืŸ?"
04:37
he would tell you,
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืขื•ื ื” ืœื›ื,
04:39
as he told me,
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ื›ืคื™ ืฉืขื ื” ืœื™,
04:41
"I asked myself," he said,
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"ืฉืืœืชื™ ืืช ืขืฆืžื™," ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ,
04:44
"What did my grandparents and my great-grandparents do
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ืžื” ื”ืกื‘ื™ื ืฉืœื™ ื•ืื‘ื•ืชื™ ืขืฉื•
04:47
to protect the forest for me?
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ื™ืขืจ ืœืžืขื ื™?
04:50
And what am I doing?"
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ื•ืžื” ืืขืฉื” ืื ื™?"
04:53
So when I think of that,
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ื•ื›ืฉืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืขืœ ื›ืš,
04:55
I wonder what our grandchildren
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ืื ื™ ืชื•ื”ื” ืžื” ื ื›ื“ื™ื ื•
04:58
and our great-grandchildren,
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ื•ื ื™ื ื™ื ื•,
05:00
when they ask themselves that question,
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ื›ืฉื™ืฉืืœื• ืืช ืขืฆืžื ืฉืืœื” ื–ื•,
05:02
I wonder how they will answer.
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ืื ื™ ืชื•ื”ื” ืžื” ืชื”ื™ื” ืชืฉื•ื‘ืชื.
05:05
For me, the world is veering
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ื‘ืขื™ื ื™, ื”ืขื•ืœื ืกื˜ื”
05:07
towards a future we don't much want
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ืœืขื‘ืจ ืขืชื™ื“ ืฉืื™ื ื ื• ืจืฆื•ื™ ืœื ื• ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
05:10
when we really think about it deep inside.
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ื›ืฉืื ื• ื‘ืืžืช ืžืงื“ื™ืฉื™ื ืœื›ืš ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืžืขืžื™ืงื”.
05:13
It's a future we don't know the details of,
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ื–ื”ื• ืขืชื™ื“ ืฉืื™ื ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื ืื•ื“ื•ืชื™ื•,
05:16
but it's a future that has signs,
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ืœื• ื›ืžื” ืกื™ืžื ื™ื ืžืกื’ื™ืจื™ื,
05:18
just like Benki saw the signs around him.
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ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืคื™ ืฉื‘ื ืงื™ ืจืื” ืืช ื”ืกื™ืžื ื™ื ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื•.
05:22
We know we are running out of what we need.
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ื™ื“ื•ืข ืœื ื• ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื ื—ื•ืฆื™ื ืœื ื• ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ื•ืื•ื–ืœื™ื.
05:25
We're running out of fresh water.
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ืื•ื–ืœื™ื ืœื ื• ื”ืžื™ื ื”ื–ื›ื™ื
05:27
We're running out of fossil fuels.
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ืื•ื–ืœื™ื ืœื ื• ื“ืœืงื™ ื”ืžืื•ื‘ื ื™ื.
05:29
We're running out of land.
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ืื•ื–ืœืช ืœื ื• ื”ืงืจืงืข
05:31
We know climate change is going to affect all of us.
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ืื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ื ื™ืฉืคื™ืขื• ืขืœ ื›ื•ืœื ื•.
05:34
We don't know how, but we know it will.
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ืื™ื ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื›ื™ืฆื“, ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื‘ื˜ื•ื—.
05:37
And we know that there will be more of us than ever before --
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ื•ืื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉืขื•ื“ ื ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื•ื ืชืจื‘ื”--
05:40
five times as many people in 40 years
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ื™ื”ื™ื• ืคื™ 5 ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ื‘ืชื•ืš 40 ืฉื ื”
05:42
than 60 years ago.
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ืžืืฉืจ ืœืคื ื™ 60 ืฉื ื”.
05:44
We are running out of what we need.
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ืื•ื–ืœื™ื ืœื ื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื ื—ื•ืฆื™ื ืœื ื•.
05:47
And we also know
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ื•ืื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื’ื
05:49
that the world has changed in other ways,
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ืฉื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืฉืชื ื” ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช,
05:52
that since 1960
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ืฉืžืื– 1960
05:54
there are one-third as many new countries
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ื’ื“ืœ ื‘ืฉืœื™ืฉ ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช
05:57
that exist as independent entities on the planet.
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ื”ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื›ื™ืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืขืฆืžืื™ื•ืช.
06:00
Egos, systems of government --
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ืื’ื•, ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžืžืฉืœ--
06:02
figuring it out --
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ืœืชืคื•ืก ืืช ื›ืœ ื–ื”--
06:04
massive change.
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ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืขืฆื•ื.
06:06
And in addition to that,
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ื•ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ื›ืš,
06:08
we know that five other really big countries
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ื™ื“ื•ืข ืœื ื• ืฉื—ืžืฉ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช
06:10
are going to have a say in the future,
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ืขืชื™ื“ื•ืช ืœื‘ื˜ื ืืช ืขืžื“ื•ืชื™ื”ืŸ,
06:12
a say we haven't even really started to hear yet --
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ืขืžื“ื•ืช ืฉืืคื™ืœื• ืขื•ื“ ืœื ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืžื”ืŸ--
06:16
China, India,
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ืกื™ืŸ, ื”ื•ื“ื•,
06:18
Russia, South Africa
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ืจื•ืกื™ื”, ื“ืจื•ื ืืคืจื™ืงื”
06:21
and Benki's own Brazil,
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ื•ื‘ืจื–ื™ืœ ืฉืœ ื‘ื ืงื™,
06:24
where Benki got his civil rights
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ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉื‘ื ืงื™ ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืืช ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื–ืจื— ืฉืœื•
06:26
only in the 1988 constitution.
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ืจืง ื‘ื—ื•ืงื” ืฉืœ 1988.
06:29
But you know all that.
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื™ื“ื•ืข ืœื›ื.
06:31
You know more than Benki knew when he left his forest
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ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžื” ืฉื‘ื ืงื™ ื™ื“ืข ื›ืฉืขื–ื‘ ืืช ื”ื™ืขืจ ืฉืœื•
06:33
and went 3,000 miles.
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ืœืžืกืข ืฉืœ 5,000 ืง"ืž.
06:36
You also know
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ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื’ื
06:38
that we can't just keep doing what we've always done,
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ืฉืื™ื ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื•ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื›ืžื• ืชืžื™ื“
06:40
because we'll get the results
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืฉื ืงื‘ืœ
06:42
we've always gotten.
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ื™ื”ื™ื• ืื•ืชืŸ ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื›ืชืžื™ื“.
06:44
And this reminds me of something I understand
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ื•ื–ื” ืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ืœื™ ืžืฉื”ื•, ืฉืœื”ื‘ื ืชื™,
06:46
Lord Salisbury said to Queen Victoria over a hundred years ago,
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ืœื•ืจื“ ืกืœืกื‘ืจื™ ืืžืจ ืœืžืœื›ื” ื•ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืœืคื ื™ 100 ืฉื ื”,
06:49
when she was pressing him, "Please change."
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ื›ืฉื“ื—ืงื” ื‘ื• ื•ื‘ื™ืงืฉื”, "ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื”, ืชืฉืชื ื”."
06:52
He said, "Change?
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ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ, "ืœื”ืฉืชื ื•ืช?
06:54
Why change?
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ืœืžื” ืœื”ืฉืชื ื•ืช?
06:57
Things are bad enough as they are."
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ื”ืžืฆื‘ ืžืžื™ืœื ื’ืจื•ืข ื“ื™ื•."
07:02
We have to change.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื•ื›ืจื—ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชื ื•ืช.
07:05
It's imperative to me, when I look around the world,
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ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ื–ื” ื—ื™ื•ื ื™, ื›ืฉืื ื™ ืžืชื‘ื•ื ื ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื,
07:08
that we need to change ourselves.
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ืฉืžื—ื•ื‘ืชื ื• ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื•.
07:11
We need new models of what it means to be a leader.
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ืื ื• ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœืžื•ืคืชื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื•ืช.
07:14
We need new models
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ืื ื• ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
07:16
of being a leader and a human in the world.
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ืฉืœ ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื•ืช ื•ืื ื•ืฉื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื”.
07:20
I started life as a banker.
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ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืงืจื™ื™ืจื” ืฉืœื™ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ื ืงืื™ืช.
07:23
Now I don't admit to that
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ื›ืขืช ืื™ื ื™ ืžื’ืœื” ื–ืืช
07:25
to anybody but my very close friends.
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ืืœื ืจืง ืœื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืžืื“.
07:28
But for the past eight years,
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ืืš ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉืžื•ื ื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช,
07:30
I've done something completely different.
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ืขืกืงืชื™ ื‘ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื•ื ื” ืœื’ืžืจื™.
07:32
My work has taken me around the world,
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ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื™ ื ืฉืื” ืื•ืชื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื,
07:34
where I've had the real privilege
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ื•ื ืคืœื” ื‘ื—ืœืงื™ ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ืช
07:36
of meeting people like Benki
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ืœืคื’ื•ืฉ ืื ืฉื™ื ื›ืžื• ื‘ื ืงื™
07:39
and many others who are making change happen
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ื•ืจื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉืžื—ื•ืœืœื™ื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™
07:41
in their communities --
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ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืชื™ื”ื--
07:43
people who see the world differently,
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืจื•ืื™ื ืื—ืจืช ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื,
07:45
who are asking different questions,
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ืฉืฉื•ืืœื™ื ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช,
07:47
who have different answers,
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ืฉืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืชื™ื”ื ืฉื•ื ื•ืช,
07:49
who understand the filters that they wear
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ืฉืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืกื›ื•ืช ืฉื”ื ืœื•ื‘ืฉื™ื
07:52
when they go out into the world.
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ื›ืฉื”ื ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
07:54
This is Sanghamitra.
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ื–ืืช ืกื ื’ืžื™ื˜ืจื”.
07:56
Sanghamitra comes from Bangalore.
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ืกื ื’ืžื™ื˜ืจื” ื”ื™ื ืžื‘ื ื’ืœื•ืจ.
07:58
I met Sanghamitra eight years ago
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ืคื’ืฉืชื™ ืืช ืกื ื’ืžื™ื˜ืจื” ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืฉื ื™ื
08:01
when I was in Bangalore
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ื›ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ื‘ื ื’ืœื•ืจ
08:03
organizing a workshop with leaders of different NGO's
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ื•ืืจื’ื ืชื™ ืกื“ื ื” ืขื ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื ืžืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ืœื-ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื
08:06
working in some of the hardest aspects of society.
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ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ื›ืžื” ืžื”ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื ื”ืงืฉื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
08:10
Sanghamitra didn't start life
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ืกื ื’ืžื™ื˜ืจื” ืœื ื”ื—ืœื” ืืช ื”ืงืจื™ื™ืจื” ืฉืœื”
08:12
as a leader of an NGO,
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ื›ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืœื-ืžืžืฉืœืชื™,
08:14
she started her career as university professor,
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ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ืชื” ืงื•ื“ื ืžืจืฆื” ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื”,
08:17
teaching English literature.
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ื•ืœื™ืžื“ื” ืกืคืจื•ืช ืื ื’ืœื™ืช.
08:19
But she realized that she was much too detached from the world doing that.
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ืืš ื”ื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ื ื” ืฉื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื” ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ืžื ื•ืชืงืช ืžื”ืขื•ืœื.
08:22
She loved it, but she was too detached.
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ื”ื™ื ืื”ื‘ื” ืื•ืชื”, ืืš ื”ื™ืชื” ืžื ื•ืชืงืช ืžื“ื™.
08:25
And so in 1993,
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ื•ื›ืš, ื‘-1993,
08:27
a long time ago,
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ืœืคื ื™ ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘ ืžืื“,
08:29
she decided to start a new organization
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ื”ื™ื ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ืœื”ืงื™ื ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื—ื“ืฉ
08:32
called Samraksha
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ื‘ืฉื "ืกืืžืจืืงืฉื”"
08:34
focused on one of the hardest areas,
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ืฉื”ืชืžืงื“ ื‘ืื—ื“ ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืงืฉื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ,
08:36
one of the hardest issues in India --
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ืื—ืช ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ืงืฉื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื”ื•ื“ื•--
08:38
anywhere in the world at the time --
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ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืื•ืชื ื™ืžื™ื--
08:40
HIV/AIDS.
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ื”ืื™ื™ื“ืก.
08:42
Since that time, Samraksha has grown
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ืžืื– ื•ืขื“ ื”ื™ื•ื "ืกืืžืจืืงืฉื”" ื’ื“ืœื”
08:44
from strength to strength
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ื•ื”ืœื›ื” ืžื—ื™ืœ ืืœ ื—ื™ืœ
08:46
and is now one of the leading health NGO's in India.
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ื•ื›ื™ื•ื ื”ื™ื ืžืืจื’ื•ื ื™ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืœื-ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื™ื ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ื”ื•ื“ื•.
08:49
But if you just think about the state of the world
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ืืš ืื ืชืชื ื• ื“ืขืชื›ื ืขืœ ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื‘ืขื•ืœื
08:52
and knowledge of HIV/AIDS
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ื•ื”ื™ื“ืข ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืื™ื™ื“ืก
08:54
in 1993 --
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ื‘-1993--
08:56
in India at that time it was skyrocketing
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ื‘ื”ื•ื“ื• ื‘ืื•ืชื ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืžื—ืœื” ื”ืฉืชื•ืœืœื”
08:58
and nobody understood why,
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ื•ืื™ืฉ ืœื ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื“ื•ืข,
09:00
and everyone was actually very, very afraid.
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ื•ื›ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืžืื“ ืžืื“ ืžืคื•ื—ื“ื™ื.
09:03
Today there are still three million
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ื›ื™ื•ื ื™ืฉ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ 3 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ
09:05
HIV-positive people in India.
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ื ืฉืื™ ืื™ื™ื“ืก ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ื™ื ื‘ื”ื•ื“ื•.
09:08
That's the second largest population in the world.
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ื–ื• ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
09:12
When I asked Sanghamitra,
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ื›ืฉืฉืืœืชื™ ืืช ืกื ื’ืžื™ื˜ืจื”,
09:14
"How did you get from English literature
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"ืื™ืš ื”ื’ืขืช ืžืกืคืจื•ืช ืื ื’ืœื™ืช
09:16
to HIV/AIDS?"
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ืืœ ื”ืื™ื™ื“ืก?"
09:18
not an obvious path,
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ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ืฉื•ื ืงืฉืจ ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืืœื™ื•,
09:20
she said to me,
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ื”ื™ื ืืžืจื” ืœื™,
09:22
"It's all connected.
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"ื”ื›ืœ ืงืฉื•ืจ.
09:25
Literature makes one sensitive,
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ื”ืกืคืจื•ืช ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืืช ื”ืื“ื ืœืจื’ื™ืฉ,
09:27
sensitive to people,
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ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื,
09:29
to their dreams and to their ideas."
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ืœื—ืœื•ืžื•ืชื™ื”ื ื•ืœืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืชื™ื”ื."
09:31
Since that time, under her leadership,
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ืžืื– ื•ืขื“ ื”ื™ื•ื, ื‘ื”ื ื”ื’ืชื”,
09:33
Samraksha has been a pioneer
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"ืกืืžืจืืงืฉื”" ื”ื™ืชื” ื—ืœื•ืฆื”
09:35
in all fields related
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ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื
09:37
to HIV/AIDS.
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ืœืื™ื™ื“ืก.
09:39
They have respite homes, the first,
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ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื‘ืชื™ ืžื ื•ื—ื”, ื”ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืขืฉื• ื–ืืช,
09:41
the first care centers,
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ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื,
09:43
the first counseling services --
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ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื--
09:45
and not just in urban, 7-million-population Bangalore,
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ื•ืœื ืจืง ื‘ื‘ื ื’ืœื•ืจ ื”ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ืช 7 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื,
09:48
but in the hardest to reach villages
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ืืœื ื’ื ื‘ื›ืคืจื™ื ื”ืงืฉื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื’ื™ืฉื”
09:50
in the state of Karnataka.
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ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ืช ืงืืจื ืื˜ืืงื”.
09:52
Even that wasn't enough.
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ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื–ื” ืœื ื”ืกืคื™ืง ืœื”.
09:54
She wanted to change policy at the government level.
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ื”ื™ื ืจืฆืชื” ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจืžืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœ.
09:57
10 of their programs that she pioneered
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ืขืฉืจ ืžื”ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ื—ืœื•ืฆื” ื‘ื”ืคืขืœืชืŸ
09:59
are now government policy and funded by the government.
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ื”ืŸ ื›ื™ื•ื ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ืช ื•ื‘ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ืžืžืฉืœืชื™.
10:03
They take care of 20,000-odd people today
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ื”ื ืžื˜ืคืœื™ื ื›ื™ื•ื ื‘ื›-20,000 ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื
10:06
in over 1,000 villages around Karnataka.
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ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-1,000 ื›ืคืจื™ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืงืืจื ืื˜ืืงื”.
10:09
She works with people like Murali Krishna.
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ื”ื™ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช ืขื ืื ืฉื™ื ื›ืžื• ืžื•ืจืืœื™ ืงืจื™ืฉื ื”.
10:12
Murali Krishna comes from one of those villages.
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ืžื•ืจืืœื™ ืงืจื™ืฉื ื” ื‘ื ืžืื—ื“ ืžืื•ืชื ื›ืคืจื™ื.
10:15
He lost his wife to AIDS a couple of years ago,
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ืืฉืชื• ืžืชื” ืžืื™ื™ื“ืก ืžืกืคืจ ืฉื ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืŸ,
10:18
and he's HIV-positive.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื ืฉื ืื™ื™ื“ืก ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™.
10:20
But he saw the work, the care,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืขื“ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ืœื“ืื’ื”,
10:22
the compassion
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ืœื—ืžืœื”
10:24
that Sanghamitra and her team brought to the village,
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ืฉืกื ื’ืžื™ื˜ืจื” ื•ืฆื•ื•ืชื” ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืืœ ื”ื›ืคืจ,
10:27
and he wanted to be part of it.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืจืฆื” ืœืงื—ืช ื‘ื›ืš ื—ืœืง.
10:29
He's a Leaders' Quest fellow, and that helps him with his work.
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ื”ื•ื ื—ื‘ืจ ื‘"ืžืคืขืœ ืœืื™ืชื•ืจ ื”ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื", ื•ื–ื” ืขื•ื–ืจ ืœื• ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื•.
10:32
They've pioneered a different approach to villages.
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ื”ื ื‘ื—ืจื• ื‘ื’ื™ืฉื” ืฉื•ื ื” ืœื›ืคืจื™ื.
10:34
Instead of handing out information in pamphlets,
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื—ืœืง ืžื™ื“ืข ื‘ืขืœื•ื ื™ื,
10:36
as is so often the case,
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ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ื›ื” ืจื‘ื•ืช,
10:38
they bring theater troupes,
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ื”ื ืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ืœื”ืงื•ืช ืฉื—ืงื ื™ื,
10:40
songs, music, dance.
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ืฉื™ืจื”, ืžื•ืกื™ืงื”, ืžื—ื•ืœ.
10:43
And they sit around,
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ื•ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื—ื“
10:45
and they talk about dreams.
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ื•ืžืฉื•ื—ื—ื™ื ืขืœ ื—ืœื•ืžื•ืชื™ื”ื.
10:47
Sanghamitra told me just last week --
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ืกื ื’ืžื™ื˜ืจื” ืกื™ืคืจื” ืœื™ ืžืžืฉ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื‘ื•ืข--
10:49
she had just come back from two weeks in the villages,
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ื”ื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื—ื–ืจื” ืžืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ื™ื ื‘ื›ืคืจื™ื--
10:52
and she had a real breakthrough.
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ื•ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื” ืคืจื™ืฆืช ื“ืจืš ืืžื™ืชื™ืช.
10:54
They were sitting in a circle, talking about the dreams for the village.
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ื”ืŸ ื™ืฉื‘ื• ื‘ืžืขื’ืœ ื•ืฉื•ื—ื—ื• ืขืœ ื”ื—ืœื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื›ืคืจ.
10:57
And the young women in the village
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ื•ื ืฉื™ ื”ื›ืคืจ ื”ืฆืขื™ืจื•ืช
11:00
spoke up and said, "We've changed our dream.
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ืืžืจื•, "ื”ื—ืœืคื ื• ืืช ื”ื—ืœื•ื ืฉืœื ื•.
11:03
Our dream
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ื—ืœื•ืžื ื•
11:05
is for our partners, our husbands,
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ื”ื•ื ืฉื‘ื ื™ ื–ื•ื’ื ื•, ืฉื‘ืขืœื™ื ื•,
11:07
not to be given to us because of a horoscope,
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ืœื ื™ื–ื•ื•ื’ื• ืœื ื• ืœืคื™ ื”ื”ื•ืจื•ืกืงื•ืค,
11:10
but to be given to us
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ืืœื ืฉื™ื–ื•ื•ื’ื• ืœื ื•
11:12
because they've been tested for HIV."
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืขื‘ืจื• ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ืื™ื™ื“ืก."
11:15
If you are lucky enough to meet Sanghamitra
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ืื ื™ืชืžื–ืœ ืžื–ืœื›ื ื•ืชืคื’ืฉื• ืืช ืกื ื’ืžื™ื˜ืจื”
11:18
and ask her why and how,
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ื•ืชืฉืืœื• ืื•ืชื” ืžื“ื•ืข ื•ื›ื™ืฆื“,
11:21
how have you achieved so much?
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ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ืฉื’ืช ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื”?
11:25
She would look at you
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ื”ื™ื ืชื‘ื™ื˜ ื‘ื›ื
11:27
and very quietly, very softly say,
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ื•ืชืืžืจ, ืžืื“ ื‘ืฉืงื˜ ื•ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช,
11:30
"It just happened.
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"ื–ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืงืจื”.
11:33
It's the spirit inside."
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ื–ื• ืจื•ื—ื™."
11:37
This is Dr. Fan Jianchuan.
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ื–ื”ื• ื“"ืจ ืคืืŸ ื’'ื™ืื ืฆ'ื•ืืŸ.
11:40
Jianchuan comes from Sichuan Province
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ื’'ื™ืื ืฆ'ื•ืืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžืžื—ื•ื– ืกื™ืฆ'ื•ืืŸ
11:42
in southwest China.
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ืฉื‘ื“ืจื•ื-ืžืขืจื‘ ืกื™ืŸ.
11:44
He was born in 1957,
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ื”ื•ื ื ื•ืœื“ ื‘-1957,
11:46
and you can imagine what his childhood
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ื•ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืชืืจ ืœืขืฆืžื›ื
11:48
looked like and felt like,
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ืื™ืš ืขื‘ืจื” ืขืœื™ื• ื™ืœื“ื•ืชื•
11:50
and what his life has been like
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ื•ืื™ืœื• ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืœื•
11:52
over the last 50 tumultuous years.
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ื‘-50 ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืกื•ืขืจื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช.
11:55
He's been a soldier, a teacher,
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื—ื™ื™ืœ, ืžื•ืจื”,
11:57
a politician, a vice-mayor
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ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืื™, ืกื’ืŸ ืจืืฉ ืขื™ืจ
11:59
and a business man.
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ื•ืื™ืฉ ืขืกืงื™ื.
12:01
But if you sat down and asked him, "Who are you really,
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ืืš ืื™ืœื• ืฉืืœืชื ืื•ืชื•, "ืžื™ ืืชื” ื‘ืืžืช,
12:04
and what do you do?"
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ื•ื‘ืžื” ืืชื” ืขื•ืกืง?"
12:06
He would tell you, "I'm a collector,
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ื”ื™ื” ืขื•ื ื” ืœื›ื, "ืื ื™ ืืกืคืŸ,
12:09
and I curate a museum."
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ื•ืื ื™ ืื•ืฆืจ ืฉืœ ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ืŸ."
12:11
I was lucky; I had heard about him for years,
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ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ืžื–ืœ; ืฉืžืขืชื™ ืขืœื™ื• ืžืฉืš ืฉื ื™ื,
12:13
and I finally met him earlier this year
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ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืคื’ืฉืชื™ื• ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ื–ื•
12:15
at his museum in Chengdu.
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ื‘ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ืŸ ืฉืœื• ื‘ืฆ'ื ื’ื“ื•.
12:18
He's been a collector all of his life,
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืืกืคืŸ ื›ืœ ื—ื™ื™ื•,
12:21
starting when he was four or five in the early 1960's.
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ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื’ื™ืœ 4 ืื• 5 ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-60,
12:24
Now, just think of the early 1960's in China.
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ื—ื™ืฉื‘ื• ืœืจื’ืข ืขืœ ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-60 ื‘ืกื™ืŸ.
12:27
Over a lifetime, through everything,
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ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœืžื™ื ื•ืžืœืื™ ืชื”ืคื•ื›ื•ืช,
12:30
through the Cultural Revolution and everything afterward,
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ื“ืจืš ื”ืžื”ืคื›ื” ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ืช ื•ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืืจืข ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืชื™ื”,
12:33
he's kept collecting,
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœืืกื•ืฃ,
12:35
so that he now has over eight million pieces
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ื•ื›ืขืช ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืžืขืœ 8 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืคืจื™ื˜ื™ื
12:37
in his museums
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ื‘ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœื•
12:39
documenting contemporary Chinese history.
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ืฉืžืชืขื“ื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ืกื™ื ื™ืช ื‘ืช-ื–ืžื ื ื•.
12:43
These are pieces that you won't find anywhere else in the world,
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ืคืจื™ื˜ื™ื ืฉืœื ืชืžืฆืื• ื‘ืฉื•ื ืžืงื•ื ืื—ืจ ื‘ืขื•ืœื,
12:46
in part because they document parts of history
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ื—ืœืงื™ืช ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ื ืžืชืขื“ื™ื ืชืงื•ืคื•ืช ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”,
12:49
Chinese choose to forget.
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ืฉืกื™ืŸ ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ืช ืœืฉื›ื•ื—.
12:52
For example, he's got over one million pieces
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ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืžืขืœ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืคืจื™ื˜ื™ื
12:55
documenting the Sino-Japanese War,
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ืฉืžืชืขื“ื™ื ืืช ืžืœื—ืžืช ืกื™ืŸ-ื™ืคืŸ,
12:58
a war that's not talked about in China very much
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ืžืœื—ืžื” ืฉืœื ืžืจื‘ื™ื ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœื™ื” ื‘ืกื™ืŸ
13:00
and whose heroes are not honored.
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ื•ืฉื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื” ืื™ื ื ื–ื•ื›ื™ื ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“.
13:03
Why did he do all this?
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ื•ืžื“ื•ืข ื”ื•ื ืขืฉื” ืืช ื›ืœ ื–ื”?
13:05
Because he thought
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ืฉื‘
13:08
a nation should never repeat the mistakes of the past.
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ืฉืืกื•ืจ ืœืื•ืžื” ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืขืœ ืฉื’ื™ืื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ืจ ืฉืœื”.
13:11
So, from commissioning
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ, ื”ื—ืœ ืžื”ื–ืžื ื” ืฉืœ
13:14
slightly larger than life bronze statues
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ืคืกืœื™ ืืจื“ ืžืขื˜ ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืžื”ื—ื™ื™ื
13:16
of the heroes of the Sino-Japanese War,
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ืฉืœ ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ืžืœื—ืžืช ืกื™ืŸ-ื™ืคืŸ,
13:19
including those Chinese
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ื›ื•ืœืœ ืื•ืชื ืกื™ื ื™ื
13:21
who then fought with each other
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ืฉืœื—ืžื• ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ืืœื” ื ื’ื“ ืืœื”
13:23
and left mainland China to go to Taiwan,
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ื•ืขื–ื‘ื• ืืช ืกื™ืŸ ืืœ ื˜ืื™ื•ื•ืืŸ,
13:26
to commemorating all the unknown,
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ื•ืขื“ ืœื”ื ืฆื—ืช ื›ืœ ื”ืืœืžื•ื ื™ื,
13:29
ordinary soldiers who survived,
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ื”ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ื”ืคืฉื•ื˜ื™ื ืฉืฉืจื“ื•,
13:32
by asking them to take prints of their hands,
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ืข"ื™ ื›ืš ืฉื‘ื™ืงืฉ ืžื”ื ืืช ื˜ื‘ื™ืขืช ื›ืคื•ืช ื™ื“ื™ื”ื,
13:35
he is making sure -- one man is making sure --
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ื”ื•ื ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื—-- ืื“ื ืื—ื“ ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื—--
13:38
that history is not forgotten.
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ืฉื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืœื ืชื™ืฉื›ื—
13:40
But it's not just Chinese heroes he cares about.
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ืืš ืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื“ื•ืื’ ืจืง ืœื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืกื™ื ื™ื™ื.
13:43
This building contains the world's largest collection
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ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืžื›ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืื•ืกืฃ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืขื•ืœื
13:46
of documents and artifacts
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ืฉืœ ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ื•ื—ืคืฆื™ื
13:48
commemorating the U.S. role
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ืฉืžื ืฆื™ื—ื™ื ืืช ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืฉืžื™ืœืื” ืืจื”"ื‘
13:50
in fighting on the Chinese side
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ื›ืฉืœื—ืžื” ืœืฆื“ ืกื™ืŸ
13:52
in that long war --
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ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืžืœื—ืžื” ืืจื•ื›ื”--
13:54
the Flying Tigers.
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"ื”ื ืžืจื™ื ื”ืžืขื•ืคืคื™ื".
13:57
He has nine other buildings --
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ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืชืฉืขื” ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื--
13:59
that are already open to the public --
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ื”ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืคืชื•ื—ื™ื ืœืงื”ืœ ื”ืจื—ื‘--
14:01
filled to the rafters with artifacts
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ืžืœืื™ื ืขื“ ืืคืก ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื—ืคืฆื™ื
14:04
documenting contemporary Chinese history.
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ืฉืžืชืขื“ื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ืกื™ื ื™ืช ื‘ืช-ื–ืžื ื ื•.
14:08
Two of the most sensitive buildings
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ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืžื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื
14:10
include a lifetime of collection
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ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื ืื•ืกืฃ ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœืžื™ื
14:12
about the Cultural Revolution,
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ืžืขื™ื“ืŸ ื”ืžื”ืคื›ื” ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ืช,
14:14
a period that actually most Chinese
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ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉืœืžืขืฉื” ืžืจื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกื™ื ื™ื
14:16
would prefer to forget.
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ื”ื™ื• ืžืขื“ื™ืคื™ื ืœืฉื›ื•ื—.
14:18
But he doesn't want his nation
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉืืจืฆื•
14:20
ever to forget.
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ืื™-ืคืขื ืชืฉื›ื—.
14:23
These people inspire me,
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืืœื” ืžืขื ื™ืงื™ื ืœื™ ื”ืฉืจืื”,
14:25
and they inspire me because they show us
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ื•ื”ื ืžืขื ื™ืงื™ื ืœื™ ื”ืฉืจืื” ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื ืžืจืื™ื ืœื ื•
14:28
what is possible when you change the way
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ืžื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’
14:30
you look at the world,
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ื›ืฉืื“ื ืžืฉื ื” ืืช ื“ืจืš ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•ืชื• ื‘ืขื•ืœื,
14:32
change the way you look at your place in the world.
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ื•ืžืฉื ื” ืืช ืื•ืคืŸ ืจืื™ื™ืชื• ืืช ืžืงื•ืžื• ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
14:36
They looked outside,
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ื”ื ื”ืกืชื›ืœื• ื”ื—ื•ืฆื”,
14:38
and then they changed what was on the inside.
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ื•ืื– ืฉื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ืชื•ื›ืŸ ืฉื‘ืคื ื™ื.
14:40
They didn't go to business school.
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ื”ื ืœื ืœืžื“ื• ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ืขืกืงื™ื.
14:42
They didn't read a manual, "How to Be a Good Leader
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ื”ื ืœื ืงืจืื• ื—ื•ื‘ืจืช ื”ื“ืจื›ื”, "ืื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื ื”ื™ื’ ื˜ื•ื‘
14:44
in 10 Easy Steps."
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ื‘-10 ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ืงืœื™ื."
14:47
But they have qualities we'd all recognize.
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ืืš ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืื™ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื–ื”ื•ืช.
14:50
They have drive, passion, commitment.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื“ื—ืฃ, ืœื”ื˜, ืžื—ื•ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช.
14:53
They've gone away
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ื”ื ืขื–ื‘ื•
14:55
from what they did before,
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ืืช ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืขืฉื• ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืŸ,
14:57
and they've gone
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ื•ืขื‘ืจื•
14:59
to something they didn't know.
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ืœืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืœื ื”ื›ื™ืจื•.
15:01
They've tried to connect worlds
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ื”ื ื ื™ืกื• ืœืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขื•ืœืžื•ืช
15:04
they didn't know existed before.
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ืฉืœื ื™ื“ืขื• ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืŸ ืขืœ ืงื™ื•ืžื.
15:06
They've built bridges, and they've walked across them.
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ื”ื ื‘ื ื• ื’ืฉืจื™ื, ื•ื—ืฆื• ืื•ืชื.
15:09
They have a sense of the great arc of time
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ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืžื•ืฉื’ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืงืฉืช ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื”
15:11
and their tiny place in it.
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ื•ืฉืœ ืžืงื•ืžื ื”ื–ืขื™ืจ ืขืœ ืคื ื™ื”.
15:13
They know people have come before them
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ื”ื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ืœืคื ื™ื”ื ืื ืฉื™ื
15:15
and will follow them.
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ื•ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืื ืฉื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื”ื.
15:18
And they know that they're part of a whole,
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ื•ื”ื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื”ื ื—ืœืง ืžืžื›ืœื•ืœ,
15:20
that they depend on other people.
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ืฉื”ื ืชืœื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืื—ืจื™ื.
15:22
It's not about them, they know that,
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ื•ืฉืœื ื”ื ื”ืขื™ืงืจ, ื”ื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื–ืืช,
15:24
but it has to start with them.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืžื”ื.
15:26
And they have humility.
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ื•ื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ื ืฉืคืœื•ืช ืจื•ื—.
15:28
It just happens.
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ื–ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืงืจื”.
15:32
But we know it doesn't just happen, don't we?
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ืืš ืื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื–ื” ืœื ืงื•ืจื” ืกืชื ื›ืš, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
15:35
We know it takes a lot to make it happen,
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ืื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื“ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื–ื” ื™ืงืจื”,
15:37
and we know the direction the world is going in.
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ื•ืื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืœืืŸ ืžื•ืขื“ื•ืช ืคื ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
15:40
So I think we need succession planning
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ื›ืš ืฉื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ื ื—ื•ืฆื” ืœื ื• ืจืฆื™ืคื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ
15:43
on a global basis.
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ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™.
15:46
We can't wait for the next generation, the new joiners,
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ืื™ื ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืžืชื™ืŸ ืœื“ื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื, ืœืžืฆื˜ืจืคื™ื ื”ื—ื“ืฉื™ื,
15:49
to come in and learn how to be the good leaders we need.
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ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืื• ื•ื™ืœืžื“ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉื™ื ืœื ื•.
15:51
I think it has to start with us.
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ืœื“ืขืชื™ ื–ื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืžืื™ืชื ื•.
15:53
And we know, just like they knew,
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื•ืชื
15:55
how hard it is.
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ื›ืžื” ื–ื” ืงืฉื”.
15:58
But the good news is that we don't have to figure it out as we go along;
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ื”ื‘ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืฉืื™ื ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืžืฆื™ื ื”ื›ืœ ืžื—ื“ืฉ;
16:01
we have models, we have examples,
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืžื•ืคืชื™ื, ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช,
16:04
like Benki and Sanghamitra and Jianchuan.
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ื›ืžื• ื‘ื ืงื™ ื•ืกื ื’ืžื™ื˜ืจื” ื•ื’'ื™ืื ืฆ'ื•ืืŸ.
16:07
We can look at what they've done, if we look.
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ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ืžื” ืฉื”ื ืขืฉื•, ืœื• ืจืง ื ื‘ื™ื˜.
16:10
We can learn from what they've learned.
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ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžืžื” ืฉื”ื ืœืžื“ื•.
16:13
We can change the way we see ourselves in the world.
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ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ืื•ืคืŸ ืจืื™ื™ืชื ื• ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื• ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
16:17
And if we're lucky,
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ื•ืื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ืžื–ืœ,
16:19
we can change the way
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ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืื•ืคืŸ
16:21
our great-grandchildren
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ืฉื‘ื• ื ื™ื ื™ื ื•
16:23
will answer Benki's question.
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ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื• ืขืœ ืฉืืœืชื• ืฉืœ ื‘ื ืงื™.
16:26
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”.
16:28
(Applause)
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[ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื]
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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